Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 1013

Suresh Chandra Satapathy

Vikrant Bhateja
Bao Le Nguyen
Nhu Gia Nguyen
Dac-Nhuong Le Editors

Frontiers in
Intelligent
Computing: Theory
and Applications
Proceedings of the 7th International
Conference on FICTA (2018), Volume 1
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

Volume 1013

Series Editor
Janusz Kacprzyk, Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Warsaw, Poland

Advisory Editors
Nikhil R. Pal, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
Rafael Bello Perez, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Computing,
Universidad Central de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba
Emilio S. Corchado, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
Hani Hagras, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering,
University of Essex, Colchester, UK
László T. Kóczy, Department of Automation, Széchenyi István University,
Gyor, Hungary
Vladik Kreinovich, Department of Computer Science, University of Texas
at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
Chin-Teng Lin, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chiao
Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
Jie Lu, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology,
University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Patricia Melin, Graduate Program of Computer Science, Tijuana Institute
of Technology, Tijuana, Mexico
Nadia Nedjah, Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rio de Janeiro,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Ngoc Thanh Nguyen, Faculty of Computer Science and Management,
Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
Jun Wang, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering,
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
The series “Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing” contains publications
on theory, applications, and design methods of Intelligent Systems and Intelligent
Computing. Virtually all disciplines such as engineering, natural sciences, computer
and information science, ICT, economics, business, e-commerce, environment,
healthcare, life science are covered. The list of topics spans all the areas of modern
intelligent systems and computing such as: computational intelligence, soft comput-
ing including neural networks, fuzzy systems, evolutionary computing and the fusion
of these paradigms, social intelligence, ambient intelligence, computational neuro-
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The publications within “Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing” are
primarily proceedings of important conferences, symposia and congresses. They
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** Indexing: The books of this series are submitted to ISI Proceedings,
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More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11156

Suresh Chandra Satapathy Vikrant Bhateja
• •

Bao Le Nguyen Nhu Gia Nguyen

• •

Dac-Nhuong Le
Editors

Frontiers in Intelligent
Computing: Theory
and Applications
Proceedings of the 7th International
Conference on FICTA (2018), Volume 1

123
Editors
Suresh Chandra Satapathy Vikrant Bhateja
School of Computer Engineering Department of Electronics and
KIIT Deemed to be University Communication Engineering
Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India SRMGPC
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Bao Le Nguyen
Duy Tan University Nhu Gia Nguyen
Da Nang, Vietnam Graduate School
Duy Tan University
Dac-Nhuong Le Da Nang, Vietnam
Faculty of Information Technology
Hai Phong University
Hai Phong, Vietnam

ISSN 2194-5357 ISSN 2194-5365 (electronic)

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
ISBN 978-981-32-9185-0 ISBN 978-981-32-9186-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9186-7
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
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Organization

Honorary Chairs

Le Cong Co, DTU, Vietnam

Steering Committee

Nguyen Thanh Thuy, University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam

Masahiro Inuiguchi, Osaka University, Japan
Suresh Chandra Satapathy, KIIT, Bhubaneswar, India
Le Duc Toan, Duy Tan University, Vietnam

General Chairs

Bao Le Nguyen, Duy Tan University, Vietnam

Suresh Chandra Satapathy, KIIT, Bhubaneswar, India

Organizing Chairs

Nhu Gia Nguyen, Duy Tan University, Vietnam

v
vi Organization

Program Chairs

Thanh Binh Nguyen, IIASA, Austria

Jolanda G. Trompn, Duy Tan University, Vietnam
Nhu Gia Nguyen, Duy Tan University, Vietnam
Do Nang Toan, VNU, Vietnam
Vikrant Bhateja, SRMGPC, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Le Hoang Son, Vietnam National University, Vietnam

Publicity Chairs

Son Van Phan, Duy Tan University, Vietnam

Anand Nayyar, Duy Tan University, Vietnam
Chung Van Le, Duy Tan University, Vietnam

Conference Secretaries

Ha Nhu Hang, Duy Tan University, Vietnam

Vikram Puri, Duy Tan University, Vietnam

Web Chair

Nguyen Trong Thanh, Duy Tan University, Vietnam

Special Session Chairs

Advances in Camera Based Document Recognition: V. N. Manjunath Aradhya,

SJCE, Mysuru, India
Blockchain Technologies: Challenges, Solutions and Applications: Chintan Bhatt,
Charotar University of Science and Technology, Gujarat, India; Dac-Nhuong Le,
Hai Phong University, Hai Phong, Vietnam; Abhishek Kumar Pandey, Aryabhatta
College of Engineering and Research Centre, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
Emerging Trends in Cognitive Computing and Deep Learning: B. Janakiramaiah
and G. Kalyani, PVP Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Vijayawada, Andhra
Pradesh, India
Organization vii

Emerging Trends & Technologies in Computing & Management: Hardeep Singh,

FCET, Ferozepur, Punjab, India
Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Financial Services, Agriculture:
K. Srujan Raju, CMRTC, Hyderabad, India; and M. Ramakrishna Murty, ANITS,
Visakhapatnam, India
Computational Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging: Yu-Dong Zhang, University of
Leicester, UK
Application of Soft Computing in Software Engineering: A Multidisciplinary
Domains: Neelamadhab Padhy, GIET University, Gunupur, India

Technical Program Committee/International Reviewer

Board

Huynh Thanh Binh, HUT, Vietnam

Amira S. Ashour, Tanta University, Egypt
Sarwar Kamal, East West University, Bangladesh
Taras Kotyk, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk,
Ukraine
Do Nang Toan, Vietnam National University, Vietnam
Le Hoang Son, Vietnam National University, Vietnam
Chu Dinh Toi, HANU, Vietnam
Pham Van Hai, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam
Dac-Nhuong Le, Hai Phong University, Vietnam
Binh Nguyen, Duy Tan University, Vietnam; IIASA, Austria
Nhu Gia Nguyen, Duy Tan University, Vietnam
Anand Nayyar, Duy Tan University, Vietnam
Tri Gia Nguyen, KKU, Thailand
Sourav Samanta, University Institute of Technology, India
Evgenia Gospodinova, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria
Sayan Chakraborty, BCET, India
Nobuchika Sakata, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
Mark Billinghurst, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
Han Cheng, BCET, India
Sayan Chakraborty, School of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun
University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
Jude Hemanth D., Karunya University, India
Santosh Kumar Swain, KIIT, Bhubaneswar, India
Monideepa Roy, KIIT, Bhubaneswar, India
Dilip Kumar Sharma, GLA University, Mathura, India
K. Srujan Raju, CMRIT Campus, Hyderabad
B. N. Biswal, BEC, Bhubaneswar
Sanjay Sengupta, CSIR, New Delhi
viii Organization

Naeem Hanoon, Malaysia

Kailash C. Patidar, South Africa
Suma V., Bangalore
Siressha Rodda, GITAM, Vizag
Lalitha Bhaskari, Andhra University, Vizag
J. V. R. Murthy, JNTU, Kakinada
A. Govardhan, JNTU, Hyderabad
A. Sai Hanuman, GRIET, Hyderabad
Lavanya Kumari, Andhra University, Vizag
Horse Nageswar Rao, AU, Vizag
P. Sanjeevikumar, India
S. Ratan Kumar, ANITS, Vizag
Sunita Y., ANITS, Vizag
Suresh Limkar, Pune
Suberna Kumar, MVGR, Vizianagaram
B. Tirumala Rao, JNTU, Vizianagaram
Raghvendra Kumar, LNCT Group of Colleges, India
Manjit Singh, GNDU Regional Campus, Jalandhar, India
Preface

This book is a collection of high-quality peer-reviewed research papers presented at

the 7th International Conference on Frontiers of Intelligent Computing: Theory and
Applications (FICTA 2018) held at Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam, during
November 29–30, 2018.
The idea of this conference series was conceived by few eminent professors and
researchers from the premier institutions of India. The first three editions of this
conference—FICTA 2012, FICTA 2013, and FICTA 2014—were organized by
Bhubaneswar Engineering College (BEC), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Due to its
popularity and wide visibilities in the entire country as well as abroad, the fourth
edition—FICTA 2015—has been organized by the prestigious NIT Durgapur, West
Bengal, India. The fifth and sixth editions—FICTA 2016 and FICTA 2017—were
consecutively organized by KIIT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. All papers of the
past FICTA editions are published by Springer AISC series. Presently, FICTA 2018
is the seventh edition of this conference series which aims to bring together
researchers, scientists, engineers, and practitioners to exchange and share their
theories, methodologies, new ideas, experiences, applications in all areas of intel-
ligent computing theories, and applications in various engineering disciplines like
computer science, electronics, electrical, mechanical, and biomedical engineering.
FICTA 2018 had received a good number of submissions from the different
areas relating to decision sciences, intelligent computing, and its applications.
These papers have undergone a rigorous peer-review process with the help of our
program committee members and external reviewers (from the country as well as
abroad). The review process has been very crucial with minimum two reviews each,
and in many cases, three to five reviews along with due checks on similarity and
content overlap as well. FICTA 2018 witnessed more than 200 papers including the
main track as well as special sessions from countries like Austria, Bangladesh,
China, India, Norway, Russia, South Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam. The conference
featured eight special sessions in various cutting-edge technologies of specialized
focus which were organized and chaired by eminent professors. Out of this pool,
only 76 papers were given acceptance and segregated as two different volumes for
the publication under the proceedings.

ix
x Preface

The conference featured many distinguished keynote addresses by eminent

speakers like Dr. Sheng-Lung Peng from the Department of Computer Science and
Information Engineering at National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan. In his talk,
Dr. Sheng discussed the Load Balancing of Sensor Deployment for WSN, covering
algorithmic aspects and experimental studies for the problem. Another session of
keynote in sequence was delivered by Dr. Anand Nayyar, Duy Tan University, Da
Nang City, Vietnam, on the topic Modern to Future Scenario of Drones: Internet of
Drone Things (IoDT).
We thank the honorary and general chairs: Dr. Le Cong Co and Bao Le Nguyen
from Duy Tan University, Vietnam, for their continuous support to overcome
various difficulties in the process of organizing this conference. We extend our
heartfelt thanks to the organizing and program chairs of this conference for being
with us from the beginning to the end of this conference; without their support, this
conference could never have been successful. We would also like to thank the entire
organizing team of Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam, for coming forward to
support us to organize the seventh edition of this conference series. Involvements of
faculty coordinators and student volunteers under the leadership of Dr. Nhu Gia
Nguyen have been praiseworthy in every respect. We are confident that in the future
too we would like to organize many more international-level conferences on this
beautiful campus.
We take this opportunity to thank the authors of all submitted papers from nine
different countries across the globe for their hard work, adherence to the deadlines,
and patience with the review process. The quality of a referred volume depends
mainly on the expertise and dedication of the reviewers. We are indebted to the
program committee members and external reviewers who not only produced
excellent reviews but also did these in short time frames. All the efforts are worth
and would please us all, if the readers of this proceedings and participants of this
conference found the papers and conference inspiring and enjoyable. Our sincere
thanks to all press print and electronic media for their excellent coverage of this
conference.
We take this opportunity to thank all keynote speakers, track and special session
chairs, and delegates for their excellent support to make FICTA 2018 a grand
success in Da Nang, Vietnam.

Bhubaneswar, India Dr. Suresh Chandra Satapathy

Lucknow, India Dr. Vikrant Bhateja
Da Nang, Vietnam Dr. Bao Le Nguyen
Da Nang, Vietnam Dr. Nhu Gia Nguyen
Hai Phong, Vietnam Dr. Dac-Nhuong Le
Contents

Privacy, Security, and Policies: A Review of Problems and Solutions

with Semantic Web Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Bien Tao Ngoc, Ban Doan Van, and Que Pham The
Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis with Complex Fuzzy Inference System . . . 11
Tran Thi Ngan, Luong Thi Hong Lan, Tran Manh Tuan, Le Hoang Son,
Le Minh Tuan, and Nguyen Hai Minh
Fuzzy Min–Max Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm
in Diagnosing Liver-Related Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Vu Dinh Minh, Tran Thi Ngan, Tran Manh Tuan, Le Ba Dung,
and Nguyen Doan Cuong
Relabeling with Mask-S for Imbalanced Class Distribution . . . . . . . . . . 31
Bui Duong Hung, Dao Nam Anh, and Dang Xuan Tho
An Enhanced Multi-point Interactive Method for Multi-objective
Evolutionary Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Long Nguyen, Dinh Nguyen Duc, and Hai Nguyen Thanh
Learning Validation for Lung CT Images by Multivariable
Class Imbalance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Dao Nam Anh and Nguyen The Hoang
Watermark by Learning Non-saliency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Dao Nam Anh, Pham Quang Huy, and Luong Chi Mai
Model for Predictive Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Bharat Sharma, Indrashis Das, Manjusha Pandey,
and Siddharth S. Rautaray
Optimization of G-O Reliability Model Using TLBO Algorithm . . . . . . 81
Y. Sangeetha and G. Jaya Lakshmi

xi
xii Contents

Intuition-Based Autonomous Vehicle System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Manish Kumar Singh, M. P. Gopinath, and S. L. Aarthy
An Efficient Privacy-Preserving Search Technique for Encrypted
Cloud Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
K. Veningston and P. V. Venkateswara Rao
Optimal Path Selection in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Enhanced
Spatial Reusability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Santosh Patil, Mothe Rakesh, and D. Rahul
Application of Classical Codes over GF(4) on Quantum Error
Correction Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Duc Manh Nguyen and Sunghwan Kim
Improved GLIM in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output OFDM VLC . . . . . 123
Manh Le Tran and Sunghwan Kim
Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Water Purifier System
Enabling Predictive Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Luong Vinh Quoc Danh, Dang Vu Minh Dung, and Nguyen Duy Khanh
Grey Wolf Optimized Task Scheduling Algorithm in Cloud
Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Nidhi Bansal and Ajay Kumar Singh
Adaptive Feature Selection and Classification Using
Optimization Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Nekuri Naveen and Mandala Sookshma
How to Fairly Allocate Indivisible Resources Among Agents Having
Lexicographic Subadditive Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Trung Thanh Nguyen
A Novel Approach of Ontology-Based Activity Segmentation
and Recognition Using Pattern Discovery in Multi-resident Homes . . . . 167
Duy Nguyen, Luong Nguyen, and Son Nguyen
A Machine Learning Approach for Hot Topic Detection in News . . . . . 179
Tat-Huy Tran, Tan-Hung Le, and Thi-Thu-Huyen Tran
A Proposal of Expert System Using Deep Learning Neural Networks
and Fuzzy Rules for Diagnosing Heart Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Hai Van Pham, Le Hoang Son, and Le Minh Tuan
Development of the Rules for Model Transformation with OCL
Integration in UWE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Dinh-Dien Tran, Thang-Quyet Huynh, and Khanh-Quoc Tran
Contents xiii

Nonintrusive Load Monitoring Algorithms: A Comparative Study . . . . 212

Huu-Hiep Nguyen
CraftQuest—Mobile App for Collecting Craft Village Data . . . . . . . . . . 222
Binh Thanh Nguyen, Adriana Gómez-Sanabria, Mathias Karner,
An Ha Truong, and Trung Quang Nguyen
Tracking Big5 Traits Based on Mobile User Log Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Binh Thanh Nguyen, Dang Ngoc Dung, Ha Nguyen Thi Thuy,
Trang Ha Thi, Lam Phan Thi Huong, and Huy Truong Dinh
Prediction of Factors Associated with the Dropout Rates of Primary
to High School Students in India Using Data Mining Tools . . . . . . . . . . 242
Ekansh Maheshwari, Chandrima Roy, Manjusha Pandey,
and Siddharth Swarup Rautray
Domain-Specific Versus General-Purpose Word Representations
in Sentiment Analysis for Deep Learning Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Bui Thanh Hung
Improvement of Machine Learning Method by Combining Flow Text
and Layout Text in Extracting Information from Scanned Healthcare
Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Van-Minh Le and Thi Thanh Ha Hoang
Assessing the Learning Difficulty of Text-Based Learning
Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Saurabh Pal, Moutan Mukhopadhyay, Pijush Kanti Dutta Pramanik,
and Prasenjit Choudhury
Internet of Things (IoT) and Deep Neural Network-Based Intelligent
and Conceptual Model for Smart City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Kalpna Gautam, Vikram Puri, Jolanda G. Tromp, Nhu Gia Nguyen,
and Chung Van Le
Toward Vietnamese DBpedia Chapter the First Step with Automatic
Identification Types for Vietnamese Wikipedia Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Thi-Nhu Nguyen and Tuan-Dung Cao
Metadata-Based Ontological Framework for Semantic Query
in Multilingual Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Ch V. S. Satyamurty, J. V. R. Murthy, and M. Raghava
GUI-Based Percentage Analysis for Curing Breast Cancer
Survivors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Deblina Sarkhel, Dhanashree Deka, Debabrata Samanta,
M. V. Kumudavalli, and Dac-Nhuong Le
xiv Contents

Improving High Quality in Combination Processing

the High-Measurement Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
Nguyen Quang Vinh and Pham Duc Thoa
Open Stack: Resources Allocation for Distributed Virtual Machine
Peer to Peer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Hong Minh Nguyen, Thang Van Doan, Dac-Nhuong Le,
Ha Huy Cuong Nguyen, and Xuan Huy Nguyen
 Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based
Water Purifier System Enabling Predictive
Maintenance

Luong Vinh Quoc Danh1(&), Dang Vu Minh Dung2,

and Nguyen Duy Khanh2
1
College of Engineering, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
lvqdanh@ctu.edu.vn
2
Eplusi Technology Company, Can Tho City, Vietnam
{dvmdung,khanh.nguyen}@eplusi.net

Abstract. Internet of Things (IoT) technology is fast growing as the major

force which changes the world. It is gradually entering our daily lives in the
form of connected TVs, smart watches, Bluetooth smart light bulbs, and even
more intelligent devices such as Wi-Fi air conditioners. This paper presents the
design and implementation of a prototype IoT-based system of home water
purifiers that enables predictive maintenance, named the i-Water system. The
designed system enables water purifier suppliers to monitor and gather infor-
mation on working status of their customers’ devices in real-time. The profiles
of water purifiers are stored and processed by a cloud server on a 24/7 basis.
This allows the equipment suppliers to provide better customer support and
enhance business efficiency.

Keywords: Cloud server
Filter lifetime
Internet of things
Water purifier

Wi-Fi

1 Introduction

Internet of Things (IoT) technology is fast growing as the major force which changes
the world. It is gradually entering our daily lives in the form of connected TVs, smart
watches, Bluetooth smart light bulbs, and even more intelligent devices such as Wi-Fi
air conditioners. According to Statista [1], by the year 2020, the numbers of installed
base of IoT devices is forecast to grow to almost 31 billion worldwide. Recently, smart
solutions for monitoring water quality have attracted great interest from academic and
industrial sectors [2–6]. For home water purifiers, some innovative suppliers are
beginning to connect their water purification systems to the IoT infrastructure for real-
time monitoring [4, 6]. The data collected from the equipment—such as water flow,
pressure, temperature, and conductivity—enables suppliers to deliver more efficient
customer services. However, the design process of these systems has not been detailed.
This paper presents the design and implementation of a prototype IoT–based
system of home water purifiers that enables predictive maintenance, named the i-Water
system. The designed system enables water purifier suppliers to monitor and gather

© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020

S. C. Satapathy et al. (Eds.), FICTA 2018, AISC 1013, pp. 131–136, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9186-7_15
132 L. V. Q. Danh et al.

information on working status of their customers’ devices in real-time. The data allows
equipment suppliers to provide efficient customer support including alerting remote
clients about a deviation of water quality parameters. The system can also help improve
customer–supplier interaction through activities such as ordering new filter cartridges
online and distributing information about sales promotions to customers’ smartphones.

2 System Design and Implementation

2.1 Operation Principle
The block diagram of the proposed IoT-based water purifier system is depicted in
Fig. 1. The whole system can be divided into three main components: the IoT con-
troller boards, cloud Server and mobile apps.
• IoT controller boards: the electronic circuits installed inside water purifier
machines. The boards consist of a controller for RO booster pump and membrane
flushing, a Wi-Fi transceiver module and an array of LED lights for indicating water
filters’ status. They offer the following functions: controlling operation of the
equipment, monitoring lifetime of filters, communicating with Server via Wi-Fi
networks.
The IoT controller boards, shown in Fig. 2, periodically send information about the
status of the machine—such as water flow, pump status, water conductivity—to the
Cloud Server. Besides, automatic RO membrane flushing is regularly conducted under
the control of the IoT boards. If there is a problem with the water purifiers, the owner
will be alerted in two ways: LED indicators on the IoT boards and SMS messages.
• Cloud Server: store and process the database of the i-Water systems.
A Cloud Server equipped with 8 virtual CPUs, 16-GB RAM and 150-GB hard disk has
been employed in this work [7]. The profiles of water purifiers are stored and processed
by the Server on a 24/7 basis. Basing on the data gathered from equipment, the
suppliers know the exact status of the water purifiers in the system for making suitable
maintenance plans. The Server will send alert messages about filter expiration to clients
via SMS gateway. Besides, the Cloud Server also receives purchase orders from
customers via mobile apps installed on their smartphones. Basing on the client data-
base, the technicians will contact customers to confirm their orders and the specific time
of maintenance visit. Especially, the i-Water system provides the capability of online
firmware upgrade for client’s water purifiers. This function helps equipment providers
reduce operating costs and improve technical support for their customers.
• Mobile Apps: the program installed on customer’s smartphones that enables users to
get information about the status of their water purifiers via Wi-Fi connection.
Customers have access to the database on the Server to view information about the
status of their water purifiers (e.g. filter cartridge condition, RO membrane flushing
schedule) by using the mobile apps. This software enables clients to submit mainte-
nance requests, order new water filters and send feedbacks to the suppliers.
 Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Water Purifier System 133

Furthermore, customers can also receive information about new product launch and
sales promotion programs using this app. A snapshot of the mobile app interface
allowing customers to submit maintenance request and order new filter cartridges is
presented in Fig. 3.

Fig. 1. The architecture of the i-Water system

2.2 Prediction of Water Filter Replacement

Filter cartridges are commonly replaced after being used for a specified period of time.
However, this is not an exact evaluation since the filter lifetime is actually determined
based on the volume of water passing through the filters. In the proposed system, the
consumed water volume is calculated using the following formula:

Wf P ¼ Pt F

Wf_P water volume passing through filters

Pt operation time of water pump
F water flow velocity, measured by flow rate sensor
134 L. V. Q. Danh et al.

The value of Wf_p is stored and compared to the maximum value of usage volume
of water filters provided by the manufacturers (Wm) in order to determine the status of
water filters. Accordingly, the status of water filters is classified into three levels: good,
nearly expired and expired. Details are as follows:
• Good: Wf_ p < 0.8 Wm
• Nearly expired: 0.8 Wm  Wf_ p < Wm
• Expired: Wf_ p  Wm

Fig. 2. The fabricated IoT controller board

Fig. 3. A mobile app interface on customers’ smartphones [8]

 Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Water Purifier System 135

The information about water filter status is sent to the Cloud Server via Wi-Fi
connection. This data allows the suppliers to send alert messages to customers for filter
replacement. Besides, an array of LED lights mounted on the IoT controller boards is
also employed to indicate the filter cartridge conditions. The color of LED lights
informs users about the status of water filters, e.g. green light is good condition, yellow
is “nearly expired” and red is “expired”.

3 The Benefits of Deploying the i-Water System

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the i-Water system is the first IoT platform
designed for household appliances in Vietnam. Table 1 presents the advantages of
implementing the i-Water system over the conventional water purifiers.

Table 1. The i-Water system versus conventional water purifiers

Conventional water purifiers
Customers – Customers must remember expiry
date of filters for replacement
– Unable to know the quality of
output water
Suppliers – Time-based maintenance service
– Upgrade machine firmware
manually
– Unable to send promotional
information to customers instantly
The i-Water purifiers
– Water quality and filter status are
monitored and informed
– Able to order new filters online via
mobile apps
– Predicting issues in advance
– Able to upgrade machine firmware
online
– Able to send promotional information
to customers via mobile apps

Fig. 4. The main interface of the i-Water cloud management software [9]
136 L. V. Q. Danh et al.

By connecting water purifiers to the i-Water system, the equipment suppliers

achieve 24/7 remote monitoring capabilities. The data collected from the water purifiers
is used for real-time analysis to provide better customer support.
Besides, the Cloud management software, as shown in Fig. 4, allows the suppliers
reduce administrative time and costs by using electronic transactions in the supply
chain. This helps the suppliers enhance customer engagement and business efficiency.

4 Conclusions

This work presented the design and implementation of the i-Water system, a prototype
cloud-based IoT platform for water purifiers. By connecting its clients’ water purifiers
to the IoT infrastructure, the supplier could offer more efficient customer support that
uses real-time monitoring to enable predictive maintenance and advanced data ana-
lytics. This helps the suppliers enhance business efficiency and their competitiveness in
the market. For future work, the i-Water will be deployed to a large-scale operation for
system evaluation.

Acknowledgements. The work reflects the result of the Project carried out by Eplusi Tech-
nology Company, Kangaroo Group and researchers at the College of Engineering, Can Tho
University. The authors wish to thank Dr. Doan Van Tuan and Ms. Nguyen Hai Nhu at Kangaroo
Group for their valuable collaboration.

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