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Presentationofdata 120111034007 Phpapp02
Presentationofdata 120111034007 Phpapp02
Module 6
Basic Statistics
SRSTHS
Ms. Pegollo
Presentation of Data
Objectives: At the end of the
lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Prepare a stem-and-leaf plot
2. Describe data in textual form
3. Construct frequency distribution table
4. Create graphs
5. Read and interpret graphs and tables
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS
Ungrouped vs. Grouped Data
Data can be classified as grouped or
ungrouped.
Ungrouped data are data that are not
organized, or if arranged, could only be
from highest to lowest or lowest to
highest.
Grouped data are data that are
organized and arranged into different
classes or categories.
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS
Presentation of Data
Textual Tabular Graphical
Method Method Method
• Rearrangem • Frequency • Bar Chart
ent from distribution • Histogram
lowest to table (FDT) • Frequency
highest • Relative Polygon
• Stem-and- FDT • Pie Chart
leaf plot • Cumulative • Less than,
FDT greater than
• Contingency Ogive
Table
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS
Textual Presentation of Data
Data can be presented using
paragraphs or sentences. It involves
enumerating important
characteristics, emphasizing
significant figures and identifying
important features of data.
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS
Textual Presentation of Data
Example. You are asked to present the
performance of your section in the
Statistics test. The following are the
test scores of your class:
34 42 20 50 17 9 34 43
50 18 35 43 50 23 23 35
37 38 38 39 39 38 38 39
24 29 25 26 28 27 44 44
49 48 46 45 45 46 45 46
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS
Solution
First, arrange the data in order for you to
identify the important characteristics. This
can be done in two ways: rearranging from
lowest to highest or using the stem-and-leaf
plot.
Below is the rearrangement of data from lowest
to highest:
9 23 28 35 38 43 45 48
17 24 29 37 39 43 45 49
18 25 34 38 39 44 46 50
20 26 34 38 39 44 46 50
23 27 35 38 42 45 46 50
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS
With the rearranged data, pertinent data
worth mentioning can be easily
recognized. The following is one way
of presenting data in textual form.
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS
Below is the stem-and-leaf plot of the
ungrouped data given in the example.
Stem Leaves
0 9
1 7,8
2 0,3,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
3 4,4,5,5,7,8,8,8,8,9,9,9
4 2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5,6,6,6,8,9
5 0,0,0
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS
Tabular Presentation of Data
Below is a sample of a table with all of its parts
indicated:
Table Number
Table Title
Column Header
Row Classifier
Body
Source Note
http://www.sws.org.ph/youth.htm
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS
Frequency Distribution Table
A frequency distribution table is a table
which shows the data arranged into
different classes(or categories) and
the number of cases(or frequencies)
which fall into each class.
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS
Sample of a Frequency
Distribution Table for Grouped
Data Table 1.2
Frequency Distribution Table for the Quiz Scores of
50 Students in Geometry
Scores Frequency
0-2 1
3-5 2
6-8 13
9 - 11 15
12 - 14 19
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS
Lower Class Limits
are the smallest numbers that can actually belong
to different classes
Rating Frequency
0-2 1
3-5 2
6-8 13
9 - 11 15
12 - 14 19
Lower Class Limits
are the smallest numbers that can
actually belong to different classes
Rating Frequency
0-2 1
Lower Class 3-5 2
Limits 6-8 13
9 - 11 15
12 - 14 19
Upper Class Limits
are the largest numbers that can actually
belong to different classes
Rating Frequency
0-2 1
3-5 2
6-8 13
9 - 11 15
12 - 14 19
Upper Class Limits
are the largest numbers that can actually
belong to different classes
Rating Frequency
Rating Frequency
- 0.5
0-2 20
2.5
3-5 14
5.5
6-8 15
8.5
9 - 11 2
11.5
12 - 14 1
14.5
Class Boundaries
number separating classes
Rating Frequency
- 0.5
0-2 20
2.5
Class 3-5 14
5.5
Boundaries 6-8 15
8.5
9 - 11 2
11.5
12 - 14 1
14.5
Class Midpoints
The Class Mark or Class Midpoint is the
respective average of each class limits
Class Midpoints
midpoints of the classes
Rating Frequency
0- 1 2 20
Class
3- 4 5 14
Midpoints
6- 7 8 15
9 - 10 11 2
12 - 13 14 1
Class Width
is the difference between two consecutive lower class
limits or two consecutive class boundaries
Rating Frequency
0-2 20
3-5 14
6-8 15
9 - 11 2
12 - 14 1
Class Width
is the difference between two consecutive lower class
limits or two consecutive class boundaries
Rating Frequency
3 0-2 20
3 3-5 14
Class Width 3 6-8 15
3 9 - 11 2
3 12 - 14 1
Guidelines For Frequency Tables
class frequency
relative frequency =
sum of all frequencies
Relative Frequency Table
Relative
Rating Frequency Rating Frequency
Total frequency = 52
Table 2-5
Cumulative Frequency Table
Rating Frequency <cf >cf
0-2 20 20 52
3–5 14 34 32
Cumulative
6–8 15 49 18
Frequencies
9 – 11 2 51 3
12 – 14 1 52 1
Table 2-6
Frequency Tables
Relative Cumulative
Rating Frequency Rating Frequency Rating Frequency
9 - 11 2 9 - 11 3.8% 9 – 11 51
12 - 14 1 12 - 14 1.9% 12 – 14 52
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS
Complete Frequency Table
Table 2-6
Grouped Frequency Distribution for the Test
Scores of 52 Students in Statistics
Class Class Relative
Frequency Class
Intervals Boundary Frequency <cf >cf
(f) Mark (x)
(ci) (cb) (rf)
0-2 20 1 -0.5 – 2.5 38.5% 20 52
3–5 14 4 2.5 – 5.5 26.9% 34 32
6–8 15 7 5.5 – 8.5 28.8% 49 18
9 – 11 2 10 8.5 – 11.5 3.8% 51 3
12 – 14 1 13 11.5 – 14.5 1.9% 52 1
Exercise:
For each of the following class intervals, give
the class width(i), class mark (x), and class
boundary (cb)
Class interval (ci) Class Width Class Mark Class
Boundary
a. 4 – 8
b. 35 – 44
c. 17 – 21
d. 53 – 57
e. 8 – 11
f. 108 – 119
g. 10 – 19
h. 2.5 – 2. 9
i. 1. 75 – 2. 25
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS
Construct a complete FDT with 7
classes
The following are the IQ scores of 60
student applicants in a certain high
school
128 106 96 94 85 75
113 103 96 91 94 70
109 113 109 100 81 81
103 113 91 88 78 75
106 103 100 88 81 81
113 106 100 96 88 78
96 109 94 96 88 70
103 102 88 78 95 90
99 89 87 96 95 104
89 99 101 105 103 125
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS
Contingency Table
This is a table which shows the data
enumerated by cell. One type of such
table is the “r by c” (r x c) where the
columns refer to “c” samples and the
rows refer to “r” choices or
alternatives.
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS
Example
Table 1
The Contingency Table for the Opinion of Viewers on
the TV program “Budoy”
Choice/Sample Men Women Children Total
Like the Program 50 56 45 151
Indifferent 23 16 12 51
Do not like the 43 55 40 138
program
Total 116 127 97 340