A.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Floor wax is a great material for polishing floors. It is applied in the floor to keep it’s

radiant glossy. It is a trusted material for keeping floors shiny and making it look newly

polished. Floor wax is made from synthetic or a mix of artificial materials and natural

ingredients. The most common ingredients are De-ionized water, polymer

emulsions, preservatives, modifiers, and film formers. These are all synthetic materials

which can harm skin and also, it is not good for the health and environment.

De-ionized water is used in conventional floor waxes in order to preserve the clarity

and color of the floor’s surface because it is devoid of color-causing impurities. It

constitutes a major portion of the ingredients that make up floor wax and de-ionized water

has a greater mineral-adsorbing capacity than pure water, hence it is more likely to dissolve

otherwise insoluble chemicals, such as mercury, acidic formaldehyde, and it also tends to be

several times more acidic than natural water. For these reasons, de-ionized water transports

mercury into plants, thus introducing this toxic chemical into the food chain which may

harm the producer’s consumers. Mercury causes the death of plants by inhibition of plant

photosynthesis and the transport of minerals within the plant.

Formaldehyde includes irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, causing occupational

asthma. Animal studies have shown that inhalation of formaldehyde can result in irritation

and damage to the lining of the nose and throat.

Polymer emulsions act as a binding agent in floor wax. It causes dehydration and

altered levels of consciousness in small infants. It also inhibits the normal growth of

plants as it sequesters the available water, creating an artificial drought.

 Film formers maintain the consistency of the floor wax. It is made from leveling

agents, plasticizers, wetting agents, anti-foaming agents and coalescing agents and

causes flaccid paralysis associated with jerky movements.

The researcher has observed that in school, they are required to use floor wax

(commercial) to keep the floor shiny. Even in the houses, so, the researcher decided

to make a floor wax which is very affordable and could give an equal quality as

commercial can. It is safer, natural, organic, less in chemicals and especially cheaper

way of shining the floors. It is not only cheap and natural but very efficient, it uses

materials available at home. It is safer, than the commercial product because

recycled materials that can help the users to save money, and it is less harmful to the

environment compared to the commercial product that has many chemicals that is

harmful to our environment. The ingredients that the researcher used were banana

peel, kerosene, and a candle. Instead of just throwing banana peels away, the

researcher has decided to put them to good use by making floor polish out of them.

This project highlights that floor polishes made from banana peels were cheaper, than

yet as effective as those available commercially.

B. Statement of the Problem

This study was conducted in order to make a floor wax made in banana peel,

candle and kerosene.

This aims to answer the following questions:

 Is there a significant different between banana peel, candle and kerosene floor

wax and commercialized product in terms of:

• Shininess

• Smoothness

Statement of the Hypothesis

To guide the researcher in the interpretation of the research work, the null

hypothesis or an assumption was formulated.

There is no significant difference between the banana peel, kerosene and candle

and commercialized product in terms of:

• Shininess

• smoothness
 Significance of the Study

This study was formulated in order to make an alternative floor wax which is

more efficient and cheap compared to the commercialized product. This study could

be beneficiary to the following:

School

This study would benefit the students since the money they spend in purchasing

the commercialized feed are deducted from their budgets. Since the researcher’s

product can be bought in cheaper price, floor wax will no longer be a burden to the

students. In some cases, there are students who are allergic to the commercialized

feed because of its chemical content. Compared to the commercialized feed, this

study is free from all hazard.

House Hold

Since this study is made from raw ingredients and an alternative, households

can perform and create this study at home. The materials that this study has can

easily be obtained since it can be found anywhere.

Entrepreneurs

Bigger and new investments because of raw ingredients would benefit

industrialists since the commercialized floor wax is common and a lot of grocery

stores, or even mere small negotiations has it. More buyers would avail the

researcher’s product because of its price and the materials it possesses.

 Future researchers

This study can be improved by adding other necessary materials as long as its

contents are the same with the researcher’s used ingredients. The contents must be

balanced and should not contain any chemical because it might void what this study

aims.
 Scope and Limitations

This study aims to make a floor wax made of banana peel. This study

focuses on the effectiveness of the banana peel as an ingredient in making a floor

wax in terms of its ability to shine and to smoothen the floor. The researcher only

used banana peels of cardava banana and tested the product only on cemented floor.

This study will not be focusing on other issue of floor waxes and its ingredients or

what banana peels can do or what they have.

 Review and Related Literature

Once a mere waste product, the banana peel has become a source of nutrients,

an animal feedstock and a fertilizer. Bananas are the second most popular fruits

consumed in the United States. The banana plant is large herb -- a member of the

Musaceae family – that originated in tropical southern Asia. It grows to a height of

between 6 and 20 feet. In modern times, it is the foremost fruit cultivated in tropical

regions worldwide.

Organic Matter

Organic matter is the peel’s principal constituent. Proteins account for 0.9

percent by weight of the peel, lipids are 1.7 percent, carbohydrates are 59.1 percent

and crude fiber is 31.7 percent. This composition makes the peel a good animal

feedstock.

Water

The water, or moisture, content of banana peels depends on the time of

harvesting and ripening of banana fruit. It varies between 6 and 8 percent by weight

of the peel.

Minerals

Potassium is the mineral with the highest concentration, comprising 0.078

percent by weight of the peel, according to studies by Nigerian scientists. Potassium

regulates body fluids and blood pressure. Manganese has a slightly lower

concentration in the peel, with 0.076 percent. This mineral aids bone and cartilage

formation. The calcium concentration is 0.019 percent, sodium is 0.024 percent and
iron is 0.00061 percent. The presence of trace amounts of phosphorus together with

the potassium make banana peels an excellent garden fertilizer.

Carbon

When heated, the organic content of banana peels breaks down to its constituent

carbon and gases to produce banana charcoal. The product originated in Uganda to

substitute dwindling wood supplies as a cooking fuel.

Pectin

Pectin is a gelling agent used in jam and confectionery production. It is sourced

mostly from citrus fruit and apples. Banana peels contain a smaller amount of pectin

than citrus fruits but more than sugar beets.

Anti-Nutrients

Anti-nutrients are substances that are poisonous to humans and animals.

Hydrogen cyanide concentration in a banana peel is 0.0013 percent by weight and

well within the safety limit. Oxalates, which cause kidney diseases, are present at a

low, safe level of 0.00051 percent. Saponins have a high 24 percent concentration.

These compounds can cause paralysis of the sensory system and inhibit growth in

swine and poultry. The saponin content must be removed if the peel is destined for

animal feed.

Tannin

Dried banana peels have 30 to 40 percent tannin content. This substance is used

to treat and blacken leather. Fresh banana peels are an efficient shoe polisher.

(https://www.ehow.com/facts_7604734_structure-banana-plant.html)
 Kerosene is an important petroleum product, used chiefly as fuel. At one at a

time, kerosene lamps were the chief source of artificial lightning. In the petroleum

industry, kerosene is spelled kerosene.

Uses of Kerosene

Kerosene’s greatest use is in jet aircraft engines. Turboprop and the

conventional ramjet engines use kerosene-type jet fuels. Commercial jet aircraft in

the United States and Canada also use kerosene. Military aircraft use a mixture of

kerosene and gasoline. Kerosene supplies lightning and cooking fuel for people far

from electricity sources. It is also use as fuel in some types of portable room heaters.

Many farmers use kerosene to run tractors and run farm machinery. Kerosene

operates the electric generators that charge storage batteries on farms and in small

villages. It is also used as a solvent for weed killers and insecticides.

Properties

Kerosene is a mixture of hydrocarbons, compounds containing the

elements hydrogen and carbon. Aromatic hydrocarbons make up some of those

compounds. Weed killers and insecticides usually contain kerosene with a high

aromatic hydrocarbon content. But in kerosene used for lightning, a lower content is

desirable because aromatic hydrocarbons provide a poor flame and much smoke.

Kerosene boils between 300 ℉ (150 ℃ and 300 ℃). Its specific gravity (density

relative to the density of water) is about 0.800.

(The world book encyclopedia, 1995 edition)

 Review and related studies

1.Janitor Fish Oil and Banana Peel as Floor wax

There were many inventions that are accepted in our society today but there are things that we

need to consider. These inventions must be eco-friendly because of our environment, must be time

saving and cheap. Those things were needed to achieve to have some attracting projects. The

researcher’s project is qualified but there are not good in the project itself. The Investigator’s project

talks about helping our community to be clean and organized. The Janitor fish in known to be

a pest here in Marikina so they thought that they could use its oil for the floor wax.

The result of the Investigation is good but there are things that didn’t answer the problem. At

first, they got a hard time to do the experiment because of the janitor fish, because it leaves a very

stinky and fishy smell. But they’ve overcome it and did it very well.

(https://www.scribd.com/doc/211067375/Janitor-Fish-Oil-and-Banana-Peel-as-

Floorwax)

2.Vinegar and Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius)] as Repellent Floor Wax

Per the results, null hypothesis must be rejected. Hence the results of the

study undertaken were:

1. floor wax made from vinegar and pandan(pandanus amaryllifolius) could

drive cockroaches away.

2. varying the amount of vinegar and pandan (pandanus amaryllifius) extract

could affect the effectiveness of the floor wax

The result F-calculated is greater than F-critical led the researchers to a

conclusion that the null hypothesis must be rejected. Thus, VINEPAN (vinegar and

Pandan) can be a cockroach repellent floor wax and varying the amount of vinegar
and pandan leaves extract does affect the effectiveness of VINEPAN cockroach

repellent floor wax. The greater the amount of vinegar and pandan leaves extract, the

more effective the cockroach repellent floor wax is.

(https://graduateway.com/vinepan-vinegar-and-pandan-pandanus-

amaryllifolius-as-repellent-floor-wax/)

3.Coconut (Cocos nucifera) used as Floor wax

Out of 5 abstracts that our group made, one only was accepted. This

Investigatory Project help’s you to avoid irritating smell of floor wax that the

community used nowadays. But because of this product, the society will live in

peacefully and free from danger in our health.

The researchers came up of an abstract which are made up of coconut meat or

the waste product of the coconut, paraffin wax and cooking oil or used oil. In our

group, during the 1st trial, we did not measure everything but the researchers did is

just doing Investigatory Project without accuracy in making this I.P. but during the

2nd trial, the researchers learned a lesson from the 1st trial because imagine, how

can you do Investigatory Project without investigate everything and with accuracy in

the experimentations and observations of it. So, the researchers measured everything

which are needed to be measured like the mass of the paraffin wax, coconut meat

and also the cooking oil. The researchers continue making the I.P. more accurate that

the Trial 2 and also our group made a floor wax box so that the researchers can pass

already the finish product of our group’s I.P. which is the “Coco Wax”.

(https://prezi.com/a6pg2rvn2vup/coconut-cocos-nucifera-used-as-floor-wax/)
 Methodology

A. Material and Equipment

The materials and equipment needed for making of the product are

banana peels, kerosene and a crushed candle which are the main ingredients;

spoon was used for stirring; scissors was used to cut the banana peels into

smaller pieces; strainer was used to filter the main ingredients; pot was used

for boiling the main ingredients and container was used to hold the product.

B. General Procedures

a. Preparing the Materials

Banana Peels

The researcher gathered the materials needed in making the product. The

banana peels were gathered from researcher’s own garden. The banana peels

will be cut into smaller pieces

Kerosene

The researcher bought the kerosene from local gas station.

Candles

The candles were bought by the researcher from the local market. The

researcher crushed the candles into smaller pieces.

 b. Boiling the Main Ingredients

The researcher prepared a pot and the crushed candle was placed

into it. The researcher waited for the candle to melt. After the candle melted,

50 ml of kerosene and banana peels was added in the pot. The ingredients

were mixed thoroughly in the pot for 15 minutes. After mixing the

ingredients, it will be strained using the strainer.

c. Making the Floor Wax

The researcher prepared a container and the ingredients was

transferred to it. The ingredients were mixed inside the container. Lastly, the

researcher let the ingredients to cool down for 15 minutes.

C. Data Gathering

The researcher will test the shininess and friction the floor with the

use of the product. To test how slippery is the floor and the shininess of the

floor will be tested with the help of the respondents. The researcher will get

exactly five respondents to test how slippery and shiny the product is. The

researcher will prepare a rating sheet and will be given to the five

respondents to answer the rating sheet regarding of the result of the test.

For the rating scale, 3 is the highest and 1 is the lowest.

 For shininess:

4 - Very shiny (there are no visible dust in the floor; translucent; very

effective)

3- Shiny (the floor was well polished; however, dusts were not fully

eradicated)

2- Slightly shiny (the floor was not that bight and there were more traces

of dust)

1-Unbright (the product was not effective at all because nothing has

changed)

For smoothness:

4-very slippery (the floor was greasier than the commercialized product)

3-slippery (the floor had the same greasiness with the commercialized

product)

2-slightly slippery (the floor was barely smooth enough)

1-rough (the product was not effective at all because there were no

changes)

D. Data Analysis
 The data gathered by the researcher will be analyzed using T-test

to compare the significance difference of the researcher’s product and the

commercial product in terms of the how slippery the floor and how shiny it

is.

E. Risk and Safety

In making the product, the researcher will be careful in

cutting the banana peels into small pieces. The researcher will use a pot

holder to protect the researcher’s hand when holding the casserole and

transferring the boiled ingredients into the container.

F. Disposal

The materials used in making the product will be disposed and kept

properly. The researcher will ask for the guidance and assistance of the

elders. The banana peels will be buried under the soil to serve as fertilizer.

The scissors used for cutting the banana peels will be kept into place where it

cannot be reached by children. The equipment's used in boiling and other

purposes will be washed and kept properly. If there are excess kerosene, it

will be put into a bottle and will be also kept into safe place where it cannot

be reached by children. The place where the product will be made will be

cleaned after.
 Results and Discussion

This chapter presents the results of data analysis and a discussion of results of

data analysis and a discussion of result. The results are presented in the tables and

are discussed specifically.

1.0 Difference between Banana Peel Floor Wax and Commercial Product in

terms of Texture and Shininess

Table 1.1 Shininess

 Respondents Banana Peel Floor Commercial

Wax Product

10

Mean

Table 1.1 shows the ratings of the respondents to the shininess of the banana

peel floor wax and the commercial products. It reveals that the mean of Banana Peel

Floor Wax (3) is higher than the mean of the Commercial Product (2). The results

show that the Banana Peel Floor Wax is better than the Commercial Product in terms

of Shininess.

Table 1.2 Results using T-test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming

Equal Variances
 Vari Vari
able 1 able 2
Mean 3.5 3.5
0.27 0.27
Variance 7778 7778
Observations 10 10
0.27
Pooled Variance 7778
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 18
t Stat 0
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.5
1.73
t Critical one-tail 4064
P(T<=t) two-tail 1
2.10
t Critical two-tail 0922

The data shows the results of the difference of Banana peel floor wax and

commercial product using t-Test two assuming equal variances in terms of shininess.

Because the critical value (2.100922) is greater than the t value (1), the hypothesis is

accepted. Results shows the there is no significant difference between Banana peel

floor wax and commercial product in terms of shininess.

2.0 The difference between Banana Peel Floor Wax and Commercial

Product in terms of Texture

Respondents Banana Peel Commercial

Floor Wax Product

 1 T

2 able

3 2.1

4 Textu

5 re

7
T
8
able
9
3.1
10
shows
Mean
the

ratings of the respondents to the texture of the banana peel floor wax and the

commercial products. It reveals that the mean of Banana Peel Floor Wax (2.5) is

higher than the mean of the Commercial Product (2). The results show that the

Banana Peel Floor Wax is better than the Commercial Product in terms of Texture.

Table 1.2 Results using T-test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming

Equal Variances

Vari Vari
able 1 able 2
Mean 3.6 3.1
0.26 0.76
Variance 6667 6667
Observations 10 10
 0.51
Pooled Variance 6667
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 18
1.55
t Stat 5428
0.06
P(T<=t) one-tail 8626
1.73
t Critical one-tail 4064
0.13
P(T<=t) two-tail 7251
2.10
t Critical two-tail 0922

The data shows the results of the difference of Banana peel floor wax and

commercial product using t-Test two assuming equal variances in terms of

smoothness. Because the critical value (2.100922) is greater than the t value

(0.137251), the hypothesis is accepted. Results shows the there is no significant

difference between Banana peel floor wax and commercial product in terms of

smoothness.

Recommendation
The researcher recommends the following:

1. To conduct the similar study but using other plant or recourses.

2.To test the product other types of floors.

3. To use crayons as an alternative to candle.

4. Add an ingredient for the fragrance of the product.

Acknowledgement
 The researcher would like to express gratitude and appreciation to all people

who contributed their time and efforts for the compilation of this study:

First of all, wants to thank our God for all the knowledge, wisdom and strength

He gave the researcher.

To the researcher’s parents and family, for their sacrifices, advice, guidance and

financial support.

To Ma’am Shieny D. Laylay, his adviser, for giving her time for us to finish our

requirements in research.

To Mr. Jeffrey L. San Diego, his research adviser, for the guidance, support and

patiently reading and checking the outline of the study.

The researcher would also like to his classmates and friends, for all the support,

kindness, concern and advices.