50 years of Undisputed Leadership

Greening Your Electrical Wiring

Design
 Greening Your Electrical Wiring Designs
50 years of Undisputed Leadership

• There is growing awareness & demand in capacity

sustainable design principles in the design of
modern buildings commonly known as “Green
Building”.
• What is Green Building?
Green building is a structure that is designed, built,
renovated, operated and reused in ecological ad
resource efficient manner.
 Greening Your Electrical Wiring Designs
50 years of Undisputed Leadership

3. What is driving the call for sustainable or

Green Building?
• Continual rise of energy prices
• Increasing importance of quality of Life
issues in the work places (Indoor
comfort/Air quality, lightning)
• Increasing awareness on the building’s
environmental impact and production of
workers.
 Greening Your Electrical Wiring Designs
50 years of Undisputed Leadership

4. Why Building Green?

• Green Building save money
• Green building-consumes loss energy
• Green Building-consume fewer resources
• Green Building-building occupants are
more productive
• Green Building-building occupants are
healthier
 Buildings Directly Account for…
50 years of Undisputed Leadership

•12% of all freshwater use

•30% of all raw materials
•30% of all greenhouse gas emissions
•18% of materials transportation
•45-65% of waste output to landfills
•31% of all mercury in solid waste
•70% of all electricity consumption

From: United States Green Building Council

 Greening Your Electrical Wiring Designs
50 years of Undisputed Leadership

5. Green Building Movements Worldwide are

going so much attention and sigma for all
sectors.
• USA-LEED- (Leadership Energy &
Environment Design)
• Philippine Green Building Council PBGC
(BERDE)
 Standard Bodies for Environmental Regulations
50 years of Undisputed Leadership

•LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)

•ASHRAE/IESNA energy efficiency code
•NFPA 900 Building Energy Code
•IECC (International Energy Conservation Code)
•International Residential Code

In the Philippines, we have the Philippine Green

Building Council BERDE.
 LEED: Sustainable Building Design
50 years of Undisputed Leadership

• LEED is an internationally recognized green building

certification system, providing third party verification
that a building or community is designed and built
using strategies aimed at improving performance
across all the metrics that matter most:
• energy savings,
• water efficiency
• CO2 emissions reduction,
• improved indoor environmental quality, and
• stewardship of resources and sensitivity to their
impacts.
 Greening Your Electrical Wiring Designs
50 years of Undisputed Leadership

6. What is LEEDS Rating and Certification…

OUR FOCUS !
 Greening Your Electrical Wiring Designs
50 years of Undisputed Leadership

What is our role as Design Electrical

Engineer?
• Electrical designer is involved with 2 of
prerequisites,
• 28 of 69 total credit points (40%) of total
LEED credit points.
 WHAT CAN BE DONE?
50 years of Undisputed Leadership

SUSTAINABLE BUILDING DESIGN

 Energy Efficient Wiring System:
50 years of Undisputed Leadership

•Employing cable tray wiring system instead of steel

conduits
•Use of High Conductivity & environmentally friendly
(copper & Alum)
•Consider the possibility of upsizing of conductor sizes to
reduce losses
•Use of 3/C or trefoil in figuration to minimize unbalances
between phases
•Use of High Temperature/High Ampacity Lead Free ROH
Compliant cables Type THHN/THWN-2
•Use of new High Performance and Quality Materials
 Green Wires Solutions:
50 years of Undisputed Leadership

•Use of Lead Free High Temp/Ampacity

Cables THHN/THWN-2
•Use Non Halogen Insulated Cables
•Use of XLPE Non Halogen Insulated
cables
•Use of Halogen Free Fire Rated Cables
•Use of TR XLPE Insulating materials for
MV cables
 The Manor Hotel Fire
(2001)
• Started as the result of a short circuit.
• 70 people dead
• 100 people injured
• Only one of the victims died of
burns, Most deaths were caused by
smoke inhalation.
The Dusseldorf Disaster (1996)
16 people killed, 60
hospitalized for smoke
inhalation
The fire appears to have been
sparked off by welders
working in a combined
ventilation and cable shaft in
the main arrival hall.
Experts believe that the fire
carried a flood of lethal fumes
into elevators, ventilation
ducts, and passenger lounges.
Fire Incidence by Origin 2004

Electrical
Unknown/
Others
LPG (tanks, stoves) 31%
29%
3%

Flammable Liquids
1%
Combustion/Heat,
Bonfire
13%
Fireworks/Explosion/
Spark Cigarette Open
2% Butts/Smoking Flames/Cooking
3% 18%
Understanding Fires

Fire is the active principle of

burning characterized by
the heat and light of
Combustion.
Fire is fast! A small fire can
produce enough smoke to
fill a building in minutes.
Understanding Fires
TWO LETHAL EFFECTS OF FIRE
1) HEAT
Heat is more threatening than
flames
A fire’s heat alone could kill
Room temperatures in a fire
can 100 degrees at floor level
and rise to 600 degrees at eye
level.
It can scorch your lungs and
melt your clothes to your skin.
 TWO LETHAL EFFECTS OF FIRE
2) SMOKE
Breathing small amounts of smoke and
toxic gases can make you drowsy,
disoriented, and short of breath.
Smoke results in:
 Teary eyes
 Choking sensation
 Impaired judgment due to Carbon
Monoxide (CO)
 Loss of spatial recognition
 Sedation effect - Respiratory failure
TWO LETHAL EFFECTS OF FIRE
2) SMOKE
Smoke and toxic gases kill
more people than flames do.
80% of fire deaths in the US
results from inhalation of
smoke.
In the Philippines, most people
who die in fires, die from
breathing smoke and toxic
gases according to BFP.
 Although cables seldom cause
fires, they are an integral part of
property and equipment and are often
subjected to fire resulting from other
causes.
Depending on their location and
measures of installation, cables can
contribute to fire, i.e. they can
propagate flames and can add fuel to
combustion and can liberate smoke
and corrosive gases.
When Cables are Burned…
Cables emit smoke and corrosive
gases which can:
Be harmful to your health.
Slow you down when escaping
fires.
Destroy your electrical systems
and electronic equipments (i.e.
computers etc.)
Regulation of Hazardous
Substances

EU banned several chemicals including

heavy metals in all electrical and
electronic products since July 2006.
Other countries are following suit.
Phil. RA 6969 Toxic Substances and
Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control
Act of 1990
 LOW -
SMOKE
HALOGEN
Our FREE
Solutions… CABLES

Fire Resistant Cables

 LOW - SMOKE
HALOGEN FREE
CABLES
 CABLE CONSTRUCTION

Copper
LSHF Conductor
Insulation

Low-Smoke Halogen Free Insulated Copper Conductor

Flame Retardant, Low Smoke and Acid Gas Emission, Halogen Free
Mylar Tape
Copper Conductor

Mica Glass Tape

LSHF
Insulation
Low-Smoke Halogen Free Insulated Copper Conductor with Mica Glass Tape
Conductor Shield
Fire Resistant (Limited Fire Survival, Low Smoke and Acid Gas Emission,
Halogen Free)
 Factors in Materials Selection
 Ease of ignition
 Resistance to propagation
 Heat of Combustion
 Smoke emission
 Toxic Gas Evolution
 Corrosive Gas Evolution
WHAT ARE LOW-SMOKE HALOGEN-
FREE (LSHF) CABLES?

LSHF cables properties:

 low dark smoke emission in case
of fire
 no acid and corrosive burning
gases emission
 low toxicity of burning gases
emission
 LSHF COMPOUNDS PROPERTIES
• Improve fire resistance with formation
of a stable ash and enhance dripping
resistance when burning

• Enhanced heat and chemical

resistance.
• High dielectric properties.
• Good creep rupture strength.
 THE FIRE RETARDANCY MECHANISM

fire O2
H2O
CO2
H2O O2

H2O
O2 CO2

H2O
H2O

CO2
H2O
O2 gas phase
H2O CO H2O H2O H2O
2

C C
x C M-F M-F X

char
x X
C X C
x C M-Filler C X X
C

(CH2)n (CH2)n
Filler Filler
Filler

(CH2)n
Filler (CH2)n Filler (CH2)n LSHF material
(CH2)n
(CH2)n Filler
Filler Filler
LSHF Cable Testing and
Specifications
 Cable Specification Standards
tests performed on cables tests performed on
materials
Fire tests on single wire or cables: IEC 60332-1/2 -
NF C 32070 C2
UL 1581 VW1
Fire tests on bunched wire or cables: IEC 60332-3 -
CEI 20-22/2
IEEE 383, UL 910
UL 1666, NFC 32070 C1
Flammabitlity: - UL 94, IEC 60695
Fire resistance of cables: IEC 60331 -
(1)
Determination of halogen acid gases evolved IEC 60754-1
during fire:
Determination of acidity and corrosivity degree of IEC 60754-2(1)
gases evolved during fire:
Determination of smoke density: IEC 61034-1/2 ASTM E 662
ISO 5659-2
(1) (1)
Determination of toxicity of gases evolved during CEI 30-37/7 , NF C 20-454 NES 713(1)
fire:
Limiting Oxigen Index: - ASTM D 2863
HD 405.3 S1
ISO 4589-2
Temperature Index: - NES 715, BS 2782
CEI 20-22/5
ISO 4589-3
Determination of calorific potential: - ISO 1716
(1): to be performed on cables, can be extended to single materials
 PVC vs. Halogen Free Cable

Start Time 10 minutes 20 minutes 30 minutes

Low Smoke
Halogen Free
Cable
PVC Cable

2 minutes 5 minutes
Benefits of a Halogen Free Cable

A Halogen Free Cable would not burn easily

unlike a traditional cable
Benefits of a Halogen Free Cable
 Advantages of Low Smoke Zero Halogen
Cables
• LSZH wire and cable produces less smoke when burned,
which permits people to exit a burning building more quickly
and results in less soot damage to electronic equipment
located near the fire.

• Because LSZH releases little or no halogen gas when burned,

it reduces the damage to the human respiratory system if
inhaled and contributes to less corrosion damage to
equipment near the fire.

• LSZH jackets have lower coefficient of friction than some non-

LSZH jackets, which can make installation easier.
Acidity Indicator Test
IEC 60754-2 Halogen Acid Gas Evolution Testing
The closer the pH value is to
zero, the more acidic

6
Recommended 5
5
pH = 4.3 or <
4

2 1.45

0
Traditional Cat 5e CMR PVC Jacket New GenSPEED® 17 FREE™ CMR
Compound Jacket Compound
 LIMITING OXYGEN INDEX
- Temperature Index Test
(BS2782:part 1:Method 143)

- Oxygen index Test

(BS2782:Part1:method 141)
RECOMMENDED APPLICATIONS

• Commercial Buildings
• Office Buildings
• Industrial Plants
• Other areas where
cables are exposed
Fire Resistant Cables
 CABLE CONSTRUCTION
Mylar Tape
Flame Retardant Filler
XLPE Insulation

Copper Conductor
Mica Glass Tape with Mylar
LSHF Bedding
Steel Wire Armor
LSHF Jacket

Low Smoke Halogen Free Jacketed, Cross-Linked

Polyethylene Insulated Copper Conductor with Steel
Armor and Mica Glass Tape
Fire Resistant Cables (F-1/2/3)
Fire Tests
 Fire Performance Requirements of
Fire Resistance Cable
Standards for Fire Resistance Cable:
IEC 60331 and BS 6387
Categories of Cable:
Resistance to fire alone
Fire Condition Symbol
o
650 C for 3 hours A
o
750 C for 3 hours B
o
950 C for 3 hours C
o
950 C for 20 minutes S

Resistance to fire with water (W)

Resistance to fire with mechanical shock

Fire Condition Symbol
o
650 C X
o
750 C Y
o
950 C Z

Cable in the following categories meets the following fire conditions:

CWZ - 950oC for 3 hours, water spray, and mechanical shock at 950oC
CY- 950oC for 3 hours,and mechanical shock at 750oC
ASWX - 650oC for 3 hours, 950oC for 20 minutes, water spray, and mechanical shock at 650oC
Circuit Integrity Test (3 hours)
 Fire Test

5 minutes 15 Minutes
Start Time

90 Minutes 180 Minutes

RECOMMENDED APPLICATIONS
• Emergency Lighting
• Life-Support Equipments
Responsible
Investing in Safety andPurchasing
the Environment
Investing in Safety and the Environment

Price, Performance,
and Availability

Responsible Purchasing means achieving a perfect balance

between environment and social concerns and the price,
performance, and availability of a product
Model by Scot Case, Responsible Sourcing Solutions
YOUR safety is in your hands ”
Safety is in your hands
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worth a Lifetime of Protection...
“For your Family and your investment”