Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Theology103 MIDTERM REVIEWER
Theology103 MIDTERM REVIEWER
Example:
Lesson 2: Major World Religions
Dominicans, Jesuits, Benedictine – communal
Major world religions also present certain kind of
Monks – personal
spirituality depending on their emphasis and meaning
making. It can be said that spirituality is not owned by
ASTIN: any religion nor movements. Each religion has its own
Spirituality is viewed primarily as a subjective, unique way of expressing and strengthening their
“inner” pursuit that includes the inclination to perceive members’ spirituality.
the self and others as “spiritual” and an existential
search for meaning and transcendence.
BOWEN:
He provided the latest religious demographics in the
Transcendence – go beyond what is natural; seeking for
world. According to him:
the inner you.
Christians (31.5%)
Islam (22.3%) about 2.2 billion people
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No religion (15.4%) 1.6 billion people
The term spirituality can be understood depending in the
Hindu (14%)
kind of thought it is being expressed. The western
Buddhist (5.3%)
thought has a different understanding of spirituality over
Sikhism (0.3%)
the eastern/asian thought.
Judaism (0.2%)
Others (11%)
Eastern thought
Explain spirituality in the world of religion
Put spirituality in the perspective of religion or
GOOD & WILLOUGHBY:
God Other scholars cite the interconnectedness of
spirituality and religiosity as a single scientific construct.
Philosophy and religion are the same
BUDDHISM
Buddhism can be traced its beginnings in 535 CE
in Northern India.
It has 576 million followers.
For Buddhists, they consider Bodh Gaya,
Sarnath in Northern India as their holy places.
Tripitaka is known to be their holy book and the
eight-spoked wheel is considered to be a holy
symbol.
Siddharta Gautama “Buddha”
2500 years ago, in India
Goal: to achieve Nirvana
Buddha – “extraordinary man” or “enlightened”
Middle way of thinking
It is a way of life not an organized religion
SIKHISM
Sikhism founded in Northwest India in 15th
Century CE.
HINDUISM According to the latest data, there are 23 million
Hinduism was founded and developed gradually followers of this group.
in prehistoric times.
For the Sikh, they consider takhts, or seats of
It has around 1 billion followers. high authority in Amritsar, Patna Sahib,
Hindus consider the following as their sacred Anandpur Sahib, Nanded and Talwandi as holy
places such as River Ganges especially at places.
Varanasi (Benares) and other places in India. Their holy books include the Guru Granth Sahib
As a source of their teaching and spirituality, they Their holy symbol is the Khanda, the symbol of
consider the Vedas, Upanishads, Mahabharata the Khalsa.
and Rarnayana as their holy books.
Guru Nanak
Aum is their holy symbol.
Punjab, India
One universal soul Brahma
Monotheist
Reincarnation
They do not use images / sculptures
“Moksha” – GOAL IN LIFE
4 VEDA (books like bible)
JUDAISM
“to break the chain of life you need to attain
Judaism is founded in what is now Israel around
MOKSHA and be with BRAHMA.”
2,000 BCE.
It has around 14 million followers.
Jerusalem is considered to be a holy place c. Artistic Expression
especially the Western Wall. Creation is the "handiwork of God," a
Its holy book includes the Torah, Nebiim and magnanimous (fully spirited) work of art
Ketubim (Tanak). expressing the personality of the artist
Its holy symbol is the seven branched menorah
(candle stand). IMPLICATION