Valence Bond Theory

Lewis Structure No. Bonds

Structure Bond Angles
of Central Atom No. Lone Pairs

2
―X― BeCl2
0 Linear 180°

3 Planar
―X― BCl3 120°
0 Triangular

.. 2
―X
..
― H2O 2
Bent 109.5°
.
.. 3
―X― NH3 Trigonal
1 109.5°
. Pyramidal

|
4
―X― CH4
0 Tetrahedral 109.5°
|

90°
| 5
Trigonal 120°
X PCl5 0
Bipyramidal 180°

Indian River State College, ASC (originally called Lewis Structure Table)
8/6/12; rev’d: 2/3/2020
Red disk VV (57)
1
 Valence Bond Theory

Lewis Structure No. Bonds

Structure Bond Angles
of Central Atom No. Lone Pairs
| 120°
―X― SF4 4 Distorted
90°

.·
1 Tetrahedral
.
| 180°

| 3 90°
―X― ClF3 2 T Shaped
180°
.·
.·
.

.. .
X–X–X 2
.· Linear 180°
.·
.

.
.
3

|
6
―X― SF6 Octahedral 180°
0
|

| 5 Square 90°
― X. . ― BrF5 1 Pyramidal 180°

| 4 Square 90°
―X― XeF4 2 Planar 180°
| .·
.·
.

Indian River State College, ASC (originally called Lewis Structure Table)
8/6/12; rev’d: 2/3/2020
Red disk VV (57)
2
 Valence Bond Theory

# Single Bonds + Lone Pairs Hybridization Bond Angle Example

2 0 sp (2) 180° BeCl2

3 0 sp2(3) 120° BF3

4 0 sp3(4) 109.5° CCl4 , CF4

3 1 sp3(4) 109.5° NH3

2 2 sp3(4) 109.5° H2O

5 0 90° PCl5
4 1 sp3d (5) 180° SF4
3 2 120° I3-

6 0 90° SF6
5 1 180° BrF5
sp3d2 (6)
4 2 XeF4

Indian River State College, ASC (originally called Lewis Structure Table)
8/6/12; rev’d: 2/3/2020
Red disk VV (57)
3
 Valence Bond Theory

Hybrid Orbital
Lewis # Pi/Triple
# Single Bonds # Lone Pairs Description
Structure Bonds
(Single & Unpaired)
–X≡X– 2 0 2 sp

–X–
| 3 0 0 sp2

| |
–X=X– 3 0 1 sp2

–X–
4 0 0 sp3

|
.·
.

–X– 4 1 0 sp3d
|
..
–X–
.· 2 3 0 sp3d
.·
.

.
|
.·
.

–X–
4 2 0 sp3d2
.·
.

Indian River State College, ASC (originally called Lewis Structure Table)
8/6/12; rev’d: 2/3/2020
Red disk VV (57)
4
 Valence Bond Theory

Number of
∏ Bonds Number of
Single Bonds
Pi Bonds (P orbitals used)
And Lone Pairs
H H (Single)
3+0 1
C=C
sp²
120°
H H

(Single)
H–C≡ C– H 2+0 2
sp
H H
l l .. 3
H ― C ≡ C₁― C = C―N ― H
1 2 l.
H
H―C≡ C sp + p 180°
1

H
l
C =C–N sp² + p 120°
2
.. 3
C–N–H sp³ 109.5°
l.
H

Indian River State College, ASC (originally called Lewis Structure Table)
8/6/12; rev’d: 2/3/2020
Red disk VV (57)
5