Taylorism

Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915), is known as the father of scientific administration

and industrial engineering. He was the first person who used a chronometer to study
the content of the work, and as such, he known as the founder of time and movement
studies.
To increase productivity, he established work incentives such as bonuses, to
motivate employees to produce larger quantities in less time. This practice proved
to be highly effective and established the foundations for mass production. There
are of course some disadvantages, negative aspects that come along with the
implementation of Taylorism in factory dynamics but its benefits are widely
recognized, and they serve as the starting point for many manufacturing processes
designed in modern factories.
Among his great contributions Taylor created, the four principles of scientific
administration that are:
• Develop a science for each element of a person's work, thus replacing the previous
empirical methods.
• Select the best worker for each task and train him in the prescribed method
established in principle one.
• Foster the spirit of cooperation between management and the union for the
prescribed methods
• Divide the work in almost equal parts between management and workers, so that
everyone does what they can do best.
Before Taylor, operators created their own methods through trial and error, workers
had a responsibility to see that everything was at hand to carry out the work, as well
as bring their own tools to work.
The following innovations are due to Frederick Taylor:
• Time studies with chronometer
• High speed steel tools
 Tool sharpeners
• Calculation rules
• Functional organizations.
Within the study of manufacturing systems, the system closest to Taylor can be
considered workshop production and batch production.
The tools Taylor gave us
Despite any difficulties, Taylorism can be credited with contributing these various
process improvement techniques to management thinking:
 Process analysis
 Process mapping
 Process optimization
 Standardization of best practices
 Elimination of waste
 Efficiency measures
 Mass production
 Knowledge transfer
 Documentation of processes
Taylorism is still alive and well in production processes. The lower levels of labor
required now for mass production has led to the core values of Taylorism being
increasingly central to modern systems.

Example
Paul and his wife own an egg production facility. They currently have 350 hens laying
eggs on a weekly basis and they have hired a production team of 10 members that
systematically collect, wash, observe, grade, pack and ship/store eggs according to
the industry’s best practices. Each individual has a very specific task to perform. For
example, Matthew, one of the members of the team, has the duty to wash each egg
after Laurent, another team member, collects the eggs from the hens.

Matthew has the goal to wash each egg in 3 seconds at most and he has a daily
goal to wash 3500 eggs and if he accomplishes this goal he gets an additional 10%
of his daily wage. This production process designed under Taylor’s principles and
has proved to be a very productive set up for Paul’s factory.
Fordism

Henry Ford (1863-1947) was intended to design a car that was easy to produce and
simple to repair. In 1908, he achieved his task by making his T model, in which he
used mass production, and together with this system, he used other resources such
as:
• Assemble online.
• Use interchangeable parts (standardization of parts).
• Easy assembly parts.
• I change the way I design the car, as design the number of moving parts in engines
and other critical systems decreased.
• Simplify the assembly process.
• Coordinate the assembly (avoid bottlenecks, balance)
According to Groover, (1987, p. 19 and 20) the Ford production system is the
continuous specialized manufacture of identical products. This type of production is
characterized by a high production cup. The team is completely dedicated to
manufacturing a particular product and there is a high demand rate for the product,
low unit cost of the product, there is no team dedicated to a single product, but the
entire plant is frequently designed for the sole purpose of Produce the particular
product.

TAYLORISMO
In what year was Taylor born?

Mention some characteristics of mass production.

Explain one of the four principles of scientific administration

What are the benefits of the Taylorism?

FORDISMO
In what year was Henry Ford born?

In what year does Henry Ford create the T model?

Mention some characteristics of mass production.

What does the Ford production system specialize in?

What are the benefits of the Ford production system?

Mention some differences between Taylorism and Fordism.

CULTURA GENERAL
 In what order were the star wars movies released?

4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 7, Rogue one, 8, Han solo, 9

 Who invented the periodic table?

Dmitri Mendeleev

 Which civilization is considered the first in the world?

Civilización sumeria

 Which witch switched the Swiss wristwatches?

 True or false: diamond is harder than granite