THE FAMILY CODE

I. Marriage
A. Art. 1 – Marriage
(i) Nature; marriage vs. ordinary contracts; marriage as social institution
 Acebedo vs Arquero, A.M. No. P-94-1054, March 11, 2003
B. Art. 2 – Essential requisites
B.1 – Legal Capacity
(i) See Arts. 5and 14, 37 and 38 – three components: age, sex, absence of legal impediments
 Silverio vs Republic, GR No. 174689, October 22, 2007
 Republic vs Cagandahan, GR No. 166676, September 12, 2008
B.2 – Consent
(i) Manifestation of Consent; Marriage in Jest
 Republic vs Albios, GR No. 198780, October 16, 2013
C. Art. 3 - Formal requisites
C.1 – Authority of the solemnizing officer (Arts. 3(1), 7, 8 and 10)
(i) Officers authorized to solemnize marriages (Art 7, FC and 444(18), LGC)
(ii) Exception: Art. 35(2) - mistake of fact vs. mistake of law (Art 3, NCC)
 Navarro vs. Judge Domagtoy, A.M. No. MTJ 96-1088, July 19, 1996
 Arañes vs. Judge Occiano, A.M. No. MTJ-02-1390, April 11, 2002
(iii) Art 8 - venue of solemnization; Art. 10 - functions of consul;
C.2 – Marriage License (Arts. 3(2), 9 to 21)
(i) Requirements in securing marriage license
(ii) Duties of the civil registrar / process
(iii) Art 21 - Requirements if applicant is a foreign national/stateless person
(iv) Falsified marriage license / LCR Certification of no marriage license
 Alcantara vs Alcantara, GR No. 167746, August 28, 2007
 Abbas vs. Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013
 Sevilla vs. Cardema, GR No. 167684, July 31, 2006
(v) Art 27, 31-32, 34 - Exceptions to marriage license requirement
 Borja-Manzano vs. Judge Sanchez, A.M. No. MTJ-000-1329, March 8, 2001
 Niñal vs. Bayadog, G.R. No. 133778, March 14, 2000
 Office of the Court Administrator vs Necessario, AM No. MTJ-07-1691, Apr 2, 2013
 Republic vs. Jose Dayot, GR Nos. 175581 and 179474, March 28, 2008 (3rd Div.)
 De Castro vs. Assidao-De Castro, G.R. No. 160172, February 13, 2008
 Santiago vs People, GR No. 200233, July 15, 2015
C.3 – Marriage Ceremony (Arts. 3(3) and 6)
(i) Ceremonial Marriage vs. Common-law Marriage
(ii) Proxy Marriage
 Ronulo vs People, GR No. 182438, July 2, 2014
 Morigo vs People, GR No. 145226, February 6, 2004
D. Art. 4 – Effect of absence of/defect in any of the requisites
E. Art. 22 – Marriage certificate
(i) Proof of Marriage
(ii) Presumption of Marriage / Sec. 3 (aa), Rule 131, RoC
F. Art. 26 and Arts. 15 &17 NCC – Marriage celebrated abroad and foreign divorce
(i) Validity of marriages celebrated abroad
(ii) Exceptions – See Arts. 35 (1, 4, 5, 6), 36, 37, 38
(iii) Kinds of Divorce
(iv) Recognition of Foreign Divorce (includes foreign judgment of nullity of marriage)
 Alice Reyes Van-Dorn vs. Hon. Romillo, Jr., GR No. L-68470, October 8, 1985
 Pilapil vs. Hon. Ibay-Somera, G.R. No. 80116, June 30, 1989
 Garcia vs. Recio, G.R. No. 138322, October 2, 2001
 Republic vs. Manalo, GR No. 221029, April 24, 2018
 Republic vs. Orbecido III, G.R. No. 154380, October 5, 2005
 Bayot vs Court of Appeals, 570 SCRA 472 (2008)
 Corpuz vs. Sto. Tomas, G.R. No. 186571, August 11, 2010
 San Luis vs San Luis, GR No. 133743, February 6, 2007
II. Void and Voidable Marriages

A. Void Marriages
(i) Void vs. Voidable Marriages
 Niñal vs. Bayadog, G.R. No. 133778, March 14, 2000
(ii) Who may file Petition for Declaration of Nullity?
 Niñal vs. Bayadog, G.R. No. 133778, March 14, 2000
 See A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC, March 4, 2003
 Carlos vs. Sandoval, GR No. 179922, Dec. 16, 2008
 Juliano-Llave vs. Republic, GR No. 169766, March 30, 2011
 Fujiki vs Marinay, GR No. 196049, June 26, 2013
(iii) Void Marriages under the Family Code
- Art. 4, par. 1
- Art. 35
- Art. 36
- Art. 37
- Art. 38
- Art. 40
- Art. 41
- Art. 44
- Art. 53, in rel. to Art 52
(iv) “Single Cause of Action” Rule
 Mallion vs Alcantara, GR No. 141528, October 21, 2006
(v) Art. 36 – Psychological incapacity; relate to Arts. 68-71, 220, 221 and 225.
a. Concept, Characteristics of Psychological Incapacity
 Santos vs Court of Appeals, GR 112019, January 4, 1995
 Antonio vs Reyes, GR 155800, March 10, 2006
 Republic vs Quintero-Hamano, GR No. 149498, May 20, 2004
b. Guidelines in Interpretation and Application of Article 36
 Republic vs. CA (Molina), G.R. No. 108763, February 13, 1997
 Brenda Marcos vs. Wilson Marcos, G.R. No. 136490, October 19, 2000
 Nilda Navales vs. Reynaldo Navales, G.R. No. 167523, 27 June 2008
 Te vs. Te, G.R. No. 161793, February 13, 2009
 Ting vs. Velez-Ting, G.R. No. 166562, March 31, 2009
 Suazo vs. Suazo, G.R. No. 164493, March 10, 2010
 Kalaw vs Fernandez, GR No. 166357, January 14, 2015
c. Evidentiary Requirement; Expert Testimony; Totality of Evidence Rule
 Chi Ming Tsoi vs. Court of Appeals, January 16, 1997
 Siayngco vs Siayngco, GR No. 158896, October 27, 2004
 Brenda Marcos vs. Wilson Marcos, G.R. No. 136490, October 19, 2000
 Republic vs Iyoy, GR No. 152577, September 21, 2005
 Toring vs Toring, GR No. 165321, August 3, 2010
 Te vs. Te, G.R. No. 161793, February 13, 2009
(vi) Art. 37 – Incestuous Marriages
(vii) Art. 38 – Marriages against Public Policy
(viii) Art. 39 – Action/Defense is Imprescriptible; R.A. 8533
 Braza vs. City Civil Registrar, GR No. 181174
 Republic vs Olaybar, 189538, February 10, 2014
(ix) Art. 40 – Requirement of Declaration of Nullity of First Marriage Before Subsequent
Marriage; See Art. 349 RPC on Bigamy
 Domingo vs. Court of Appeals, 226 SCRA 572, September 17, 1993
a. Timeline of SC Decisions on the Necessity of Judicial Declaration of Nullity of Void
Marriage for Purposes of Remarriage
 People vs. Mendoza, GR No. L-5877, September 28, 1954
 People vs. Aragon, GR No. L-10016, February 28, 1957
 Gomez vs Lipana, G.R. No. L-23214, June 30, 1970
 Odayat vs Amante, A.M. No. 58, June 2, 1977
  Tolentino vs Paras, G.R. No. L-43905, May 30, 1983
 Weigel vs. Sempio Diy, G.R. No. L-53703, August 19, 1986
 Yap vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-40003, October 28, 1986
 See A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC, March 4, 2003
b. When to Apply Art. 40 / Retroactive Application
 Atienza vs. Brillantes, Jr., A.M. No. MTJ-92-706 March 29, 1995
 Ty vs. Court of Appeals, GR 127406, November 27, 2000
 Jarillo vs. People, G.R. 164435, September 29, 2009
 Montañez vs. Cipriano, G.R. No. 181089, October 22, 2012
c. Effect of Nullity of First Marriage
 Mercado vs. Tan, G.R. No. 137110, August 1, 2000; see dissent of J. Vitug
 Marbella-Bobis v. Bobis, G.R. 138509, July 31, 2000
 Morigo vs People, GR No. 145226, February 6, 2004
d. Effect of Nullity of Second Marriage
 Santiago vs People, GR No. 200233, July 15, 2015
 Tenebro vs. Court of Appeals, GR No 150758, Feb. 18, 2004; see dissent J. Carpio
e. Article 40 vs Article 35(4) [Bigamous Marriage]
 Abunado vs People, GR No 159218, March 30, 2014, see concurring opinion
 Cariño vs. Cariño, GR No. 132529, February 2, 2001
f. Legal Consequences – Art 40 vs. Art 35(4) vs. Art 53
(x) Art. 41 – Exception to Void Bigamous Marriage Under Article 35(4)
 Republic vs. Nolasco, G.R. No. 94053 March 17, 1993
 Manuel vs People, GR No. 165842, November 29, 2005
 Republic vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 159614, December 9, 2005
 Valdez vs. Republic, G.R. No. 180863, September 8, 2009
 Republic vs. Cantor, G.R. No. 184621, December 10, 2013
(xi) Art. 42 – Extrajudicial Termination of Valid Marriage
 SSS vs Jarque Vda. De Bailon, GR No. 165545, March 24, 2006
 Santos vs Santos, GR No. 187061, October 8, 2014
(xii) Art. 43 – Effects of Termination of Marriage
(xiii) Art. 44 – Effect of Bad Faith of Both Spouses in Subsequent Marriage

B. Voidable Marriages
(i) Art 45 - Grounds;
 Villanueva vs Court of Appeals, GR No. 132955, Oct. 27, 2006
 Almelor vs RTC of Las Piñas City, GR No. 179620, Aug. 26, 2008
 Alcazar vs Alcazar, GR No. 174451, Oct. 13, 2009
(ii) Art. 46 – Fraud;
 Anaya vs Palaroan, GR No. L-27930, Nov. 26, 1970
 Almelor vs RTC of Las Piñas City, GR No. 179620, Aug. 26, 2008
 Republic vs. Albios, G.R. No. 198780, October 16, 2013
(iii) Art. 47 – Who may file the action; Ratification; Prescription.
 Republic vs. Albios, G.R. No. 198780, October 16, 2013
(vi) Arts. 48 & 49 – Presence of prosecutor; Court to provide for support and custody
(vii) Art. 50 – Application of Art. 43 (2) to (5)
a. Relate Art. 43 (2) to Arts. 147 and 148
b. Relate Art. 43 (3) to Art. 86 (1), (2) and (3)
c. Relate Art. 43 (5) to Art. 63(4) on legal separation
d. Contents of judgment;
(viii) Art. 51 – Presumptive Legitime
(ix) Arts. 52 & 53 – Requirement of registration; Effect of Failure to Register
(x) Art. 54 – Exceptions to the Rule that Children of Void Marriages are Illegitimate.