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II A PROJECT REPORT ON “ Solar Bicycle with Real Time Tracking ” Submitted by 1.

PATEL MIHIR MAHENDRA (140840109083) 2. PATEL SURAJKUMAR MAHESHBHAI
(140840109091) 3. PATEL VIKESHKUMAR NIPINKUMAR (140840109094) 4. PATEL
POSHIKA HEMANTBHAI (150843109025) 5. PATHAN HUZAIFA AIYUBKHAN
(150843109027) UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: [1] Prof. Chinmay D. Desai [2] Prof. Milind
H.

Kansara Submitted to Gujarat Technological University In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirement for The Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
MAY-2018 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, ISROLI,
BARDOLI. III FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, ISROLI,
BARDOLI. CERTIFICATE Tis certt jectwok din his epoentled Solar Bicycle with Real Time
Tracking ” caried utby Sr.

No Name of The Student PEN Team ID 1 PATEL MIHIR MAHENDRA 140840109083

18880 2 PATEL SURAJKUMAR MAHESHBHAI 140840109091 3 PATEL VIKESHKUMAR
NIPINKUMAR 140840109094 4 PATEL POSHIKA HEMANTBHAI 150843109025 5
PATHAN HUZAIFA AIYUBKHAN 150843109027 at Faculty of Engineering Technology &
Research- Bardoli for partial fulfillment of B.E. in Electrical Engineering , to be awarded
by Gujarat Technological University.

This project work has been carried out under our supervision and is to the satisfaction of
department. The student work has been accepted during the academic year 2017-18.
DATE: PLACE: FACULTY GUIDE: (1) Prof. Chinmay D. Desai (2) Prof. Milind H. Kansara
(Prof. C. D. Desai) HEAD OF DEPARTMENT ELECTRICAL ENGG. DEPT. (Dr. L. B. Chaudhari)
PRINCIPAL, F.E.T.R.
External Examiner Signature: IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is a matter of extreme honor
and privilege for us to offer our grateful acknowledgement to our guides Prof. Chinmay
D. Desai and Prof. Milind H. Kansara, Faculty of Engineering Technology and Research,
Bardoli for providing us a chance to work under their guidance and supervision.

We express our sincere appreciation and thanks to Prof. C. D. Desai (H.O.D., Electrcial
Engg. Dept.) for constant encouragement and needful help during various stages of
work. We are thankful to the institute for providing all kind of required resources. We
appreciate all our colleagues whose direct and indirect contribution helped us a lot to
accomplish this report and who made the period of project more pleasant and fruitful.

We would also like to thank all the teaching and non-teaching staff for cooperating with
us and providing valuable advice which helped us in the completion of this report.
Finally, we would like to express our deepest thanks to all the members of our family,
who gives us strength and support to aspire for this level of education. TEAM ID: 18880
Sr.

No Name of The Student PEN SIGN 1 PATEL MIHIR MAHENDRA 140840109083 2 PATEL
SURAJKUMAR MAHESHBHAI 140840109091 3 PATEL VIKESHKUMAR NIPINKUMAR
140840109094 4 PATEL POSHIKA HEMANTBHAI 150843109025 5 PATHAN HUZAIFA
AIYUBKHAN 150843109027 V DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY We hereby certify that we
are the sole authors of this report and that neither any part of this work nor the whole
of the work has been submitted for a degree to any other University or Institution.

We certify that, to the best of our knowledge, our wok es inge n anyo’ copyright nor
violate any proprietary rights and that any ideas, techniques, quotations, or any other
material from the work of other people included in our report, published or otherwise,
are fully acknowledged in accordance with the standard referencing practices.

Furthermore, to the extent that we have included copyrighted material that surpasses
the bounds of fair dealing within the meaning of the Indian Copyright Act, We certify
that we have obtained a written permission from the copyright owner(s) to include such
material(s) in our work and have included copies of such copyright clearances to
appendix. We declare that this is a true copy of the report, including any final revisions,
as approved by our supervisor. DATE: PLACE: TEAM ID: Sr.

No Name of The Student PEN SIGN 1 PATEL MIHIR MAHENDRA 140840109083 2 PATEL
SURAJKUMAR MAHESHBHAI 140840109091 3 PATEL VIKESHKUMAR NIPINKUMAR
140840109094 4 PATEL POSHIKA HEMANTBHAI 150843109025 5 PATHAN HUZAIFA
AIYUBKHAN 150843109027 VI ABSTRACT In our project we are going to use renewable
energy. Now a days there is more use fuel so there is more air pollution so there is
Increase in Global warming. To reduce all this problem we are use solar energy.

So in this project we are going to make Solar Bicycle with real time Tracking. In the
project our bicycle will run on motor (BLDC motor), where this motor get the supply
from the battery. This battery will be charged with help of solar panel. To track our
bicycle we use GSM module from this we can know where our bicycle is running.

Here we are discussing about MPPT, which will give desire output which can charge the
battery. KEYWORDS: Bicycle, Solar Panel, Charging Circuit, BLDC motor, GSM Module VII
INDEX CONTENTS PAGE NO. TITLE PAGE II CERTIFICATE III ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IV
DECLARATION OF ORGANILITY CERTIFICATE V ABSTRACT VI REPORT CONTENT VIII LIST
OF FIGURE IX LIST OF TABLE XI PLAGIARISM REPORT COMPLETION CERTIFICATE VIII
CONTENT OF REPORT CONTENTS PAGE NO. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1
DESCRIPTION 2 1.2 INTRODUCTION OF PROBLEM DEFINATION 3 1.3

DESCRIPTION OF WORK FOR THE PROBLEM SOLUTION 5 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE

REVIEW 6 CHAPTER 3 BRIEF THEORY RELATED TO PROJECT WORK 10 CHAPTER 4
SIMULATION & RESULT ANALYSIS 13 CHAPTER 5 HARDWARE IMPLIMENTATION 16 1.
SOLAR PANEL 17 2. MPPT 18 3. BATTERY 20 4. CONTROLLER 20 5. BLDC MOTOR 21 6.
GPS MODULE 21 CHAPTER 6 PROJECT COST 25 1. COST OF PROJECT 26 2. SUPPLIER
ADDRESS AND CONTACT 27 CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION 28 CHAPTER 8 FUTURE SCOPE
30 REFERENCE 32 ANNEXURE (PDE REPORT) 34 APPENDIX I 35 1.

AEIOU SUMMARY 36 2. EMAPTHY SUMMARY 37 3. IDEATION 38 4. PRODUCT

DEVELOPMENT 39 APPENDIX II BUISNESS MODEL CANVAS (BMC) 40 BMC CANVAS 41
IX LIST OF FIGURES SR. NO. NAME OF FIGURE FIGURE NO. PAGE NO. 1 Ratio of
pollution A 3 2 Air Pollution in Different Cities B 3 3 Pollution due to Traffic C 4 4 Block
diagram D 11 5 Main Simulation E 14 6 Simulation of MPPT F 14 7 Boost Converter G 15
8 Output of MPPT H 15 9 Solar Panel I 17 10 V-I Curve J 18 11 Algorithm K 19 12 Battery
L 20 13 Controller M 20 14 BLDC Motor N 21 15 GSM Module O 21 16 Measuring the
value of Inductor P 22 17 Boost Converter Circuit Q 22 18 Firing Circuit of Boost
Converter R 23 19 Connection of Battery S 23 X SR. NO. NAME OF FIGURE FIGURE NO.
PAGE NO.

20 Connection of Controller with Motor & Battery T 24 21 Working Model U 24 22

AEIOU V 36 23 Empathy Mapping W 37 24 Ideation X 38 25 Product Development Y 39
26 BUISNESS MODEL CANVAS Z 41 XI LIST OF TABLE SR. NO. NAME OF TABLE TABLE
NO. PAGE NO. 1 LITERATURE REVIEW a 7 2 COSTING b 26 1 CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION 2 1.1 DESCRIPTION There are many types of bicycle in the world such
as normal bicycle that needs paddling to move.

The idea is to make the bicycle long lasting and can be automatically recharge when the
bicycle is not in use or in use with help of renewable solar energy. The concept of the
solar energy is that it will absorb solar rays and emit that rays and give output as an
electricity. The high torque motor will be put on the bicycle to move. The solar panel is
mounted and installed at the electric bicycle. The motor will use the power from battery.

When the bicycle is not in use, the solar panel will charge the battery through charging
circuit. This system make the bicycle to operate more efficiently. GSM module is use for
tracking and location of the bicycle. The speed is approximately 20-25 km/h. The battery
is been charged from the Solar Panel, so there is no issue to plug in the battery with any
socket or to stop anywhere and charge it.

The battery is charged but the desired voltage which it want from the Solar Panel is not
satisfied. To get the desire input to the battery from the Solar Panel, we have connected
MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracker) between Solar Panel and Battery. 3 1.2
INTRODUCTION OF PROBLEM DEFINATION There is different pollution ratio over the
world and air pollution is the second most pollution over the world which is shown
below Figure A: Ratio of pollution As we are talking about the second most pollution
problem is air pollution the following data is to be kept in mind.

Figure B: Air Pollution in different cities 4 In metro cities or in big cities there is lot of
cars and bikes which is running on the road. In this city there is more air pollution
because of traffic. Figure C: Pollution due to traffic This pollution cause uneven
seasoning like in winter there will be rain and in Monsoon there will be no rain.

This will cause major disorder in human life. 5 1.3 DESCRIPTION OF WORK FOR THE
PROBLEM SOLUTION ? To minimize traffic problem and pollution problems. ? To
minimize power losses in chain drive due to friction. ? To generate eco-friendly two
wheeler vehicle. ? Get electrical bicycle with optimum cost. ? Reduce effort of Rider. ?
Less cost compare to Yo-bike 6 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 7 LITERATURE REVIEW
Sr. No.

Title of Paper Author Publication Journal/Conference 1 Real-Time Solar Energy

Optimization Systems P Mahesh Kannan, Raja TE and R Gowtham Open Access Scientific
Reports 2 An Improved & Efficient Electric Bicycle system with the Power of Real- time
Information Sharing Chetan Mahadik, Sumit Mahindrakar Prof. Jayashree Deka MJRE 3
Electric Bicycle with Three Way Charging Beenu Mary Panicker, Abil P Sajeev, Akhil P,
Akhl R Babu, Arjun K U, Nibin Varghese IJAREEIE 4 Design and Development of Solar
Assisted Bicycle Ajit B. Bachche, N. S.

Hanamapure IJEIT 5 Solar Powered Bike Sharing System with Electric Bikes Magnus
Karlstrom and Magda Collado FABIAN FOGELBERG Table (a) : Literature Review 8 1.
Real-Time Solar Energy Optimization Systems - P Mahesh Kannan, Raja TE and R
Gowtham Solar energy is more popular and powerful renewable source which produce
satisfactory result. The maximum output we can get by placing at some angle where the
ray is to be reflected perpendicularly on the panel.

This is possible with the help of micro-controller based double axis solar tracking
system, which make the solar panels are aligned with the sun, in order to increase the
generation of power. This system is designed using micro-controller, light detecting
resistor, gyroscope, gear system and stepper motor. The limit switches are provided,
which controls the movement of the panels. 2.

An Improved & Efficient Electric Bicycle system with the Power of Real-time Information
Sharing - Chetan Mahadik, Sumit Mahindraka and Prof. Jayashree Deka In this paper
here it discuss about Electric Bicycle System with an innovative approach. The bicycle is
upgraded with BLDC motor control with the use of real time sensing.

There are several challenges that are related to electric bike design: electric- assisted
range, recharging protocol, bike and battery checkout procedure. 3. Electric Bicycle with
Three Way Charging - Beenu Mary Panicker, Abil P Sajeev, Akhil P, Akhl R Babu, Arjun K
U and Nibin Varghese Day by day pollution is increasing in cities and urban area are at
dangerous level. For short distance travelling people use their vehicle which will cause
pollution. To reduce this e-bike is introduced.

Here we introducing an electric bicycle having three way charging mechanism. This
electric bicycle uses dc generator for generating power while running, uses solar panel
when bicycle is at rest and a charger that operates from main power supply for charging
the battery. This electric bicycle uses 24V 250W brushless direct current (BLDC) hub
motor and Lithium ion (Li-ion) battery.

The use of BLDC hub motor in the bicycle that avoids the complexity and losses. 9 4.
Design and Development of Solar Assisted Bicycle - Ajit B. Bachche, N. S. Hanamapure
As we all know how the price of the petrol is rising rapidly. Now a days the pollution is
also increasing. To recover this problem electric bicycle is made, which runs on BLDC
motor.
The solar panel mounted on the carriage will charge the battery and which in turn to
drive the motor. When the bicycle is ideal, the solar panel will charge the battery. This
arrangement will replace the petrol engine, the gear box and the fuel tank of 2 wheeler
or a chain sprocket, chain and gear shifting arrangement of a conventional bicycle being
used by common man. 5.

Solar Powered Bike Sharing System with Electric Bikes - Magnus Karlstrom and Magda
Collado Here we are looking for solar bicycle which will charge automatically and no
need to stop for making the battery charge. The components used are BLDC Hub motor,
Controller, Battery and Solar Panel. The Solar Panel will give maximum power ray is
perpendicularly on the panel, this will be most helpful 10 CHAPTER 3: BRIEF THEORY
RELATED TO PROJECT WORK 11 Brief Information of Project Hello, here our project is
based on solar based bicycle with real time tracking it has many exciting features and it
is the one of the best eco-friendly bicycle as it is already eco friendly but this one is the
effortless bicycle in wyodo to le frm his we say that it is eco friendly + effortless bicycle.

So in this best solar based bicycle with real time tracking we are using BLDC motor, solar
panel, bicycle, throttle, controller and for tracking we are using GSM module. The BLDC
hub motor (Brush Less DC Motor)by using this motor we can get the benefit of the loss
compare to other motors and gives beat efficient output and can work in overload
condition.

So this was about BLDC hub motor now this BLDC is connected with solar panel which
generate the electricity and gives the power to the BLDC hub motor and that is
connected with the controller which controls the speed according to the throttle
increment and decrement .Now we are also using the real time tracking system so it
works on the GSM system, by using this we can come to know about where the bicycle
is or where the person is going and we can also get location of it. It is best for parents
who worries about their childrn’s tty aloe . So this was about real time tracking.

According to this it is the best eco friendly, efficient, effortless, reduces air pollution. So
it is the best solar based bicycle with real time tracking. The block diagram of Solar
Bicycle with Real Time Tracking is shown below Block Diagram Figure D: Block Diagram
12 Here we will discuss about MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking). This MPPT is
connected between Solar Panel and Battery.

If the battery is directly connected with Solar Panel it will not get desire output from the
Solar Panel. If we connect MPPT between them we get the desire output from the Solar
Panel. So, we connect MPPT between Solar Panel and Battery. There are 2 methods of
MPPT 1. Direct Method 2. Indirect Method I. Direct Method It is divided into another 2
types. a. Perturb and Observe Method (Hill Climbing Method) b.

Incremental conduction Method II. Indirect Method It is divided into another 2 types. A.
Fixed Voltage Method B. Fractional Open Circuit Voltage Method The easiest method is
Perturb and Observe Method (Hill Climbing Method). This method is discuss later on
MPPT section. 13 CHAPTER 4: SIMULATION & RESULT ANALYSIS 14 SIMULATION &
RESULT Figure E: Main Simulation Figure F: Simulation Of MPPT Tracker 15 Figure G:
Boost Converter Figure H: Output of MPPT 16 CHAPTER 5: HARDWARE
IMPLEMENTATION 17 COMPONENTS USED The components used are as follows:- 1.
SOLAR PANEL 2.

MPPT (MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING) 3. BATTERY 4. CONTROLLER 5. BLDC

MOTOR (BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR) 6. GSM MODULE 1. SOLAR PANEL Solar Panels
absorb sunlight as a source of energy to generate electricity or heat. Photovoltaic
modules use light energy from sun to generate electricity through photovoltaic effect.

The structural member of a module can either be top layer or the back layer. Protection
is made for cell from mechanical damage and moisture. Crystalline silicon or thin film
cells are use for module. The connection of cells are in series to generate electricity. For
easy weatherproof connections MC4 type connection is used mostly. Figure I: Solar
Panel Rating:- Maximum Power : 50 W Open Circuit Voltage : 21.47 V Short Circuit
Current : 3.11 A Maximum Power Voltage : 17.21 V Maximum Power Current : 2.91 A 18
2.

MPPT (MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING) It is an electronic system that operates the
photovoltaic modules in a manner to extract the maximum power from the system. It is
a operating point at which maximum power can be withdraw from the system. The
output of solar module is a function of solar irradiance, temperature, etc. Generally
MPPT is installed in between PV system and load.

Coupling to the load for maximum power transfer may required by providing a higher
voltage at lower current or lower voltage at higher current. Perturb & Observe (P&O) is
the simplest method. This method is use only by one sensor, that is the voltage sensor,
to sense the PV array voltage and so the implementation cost is reduce and hence easy
to implement.

The time complexity of this algorithm is very less but on getting very near to the MPP it
doe sn’tstp at the MPP and keeps on perturbing on both way. When this happens the
algorithm has reached very near to the MPP and we can set an appropriate error limit.
Figure J: V-I Curve The voltage i n t h e cell is increased initially, if the output power
increase, the voltage is continually increased until the output power starts to decrease.
Once the output power starts decreasing, the voltage in the cell decreased until
maximum power is reached.

This process is continued until the MPPT is attained. This result is an oscillation of the
output power around the MPP. PV module is the output power curve of a function of
voltage (P-V curve), at the constant irradiance and the constant module temperature,
assuming the PV module is operating at a point which is away from the MPP.

In this algorithm the operating voltage of the PV module is perturbed by a small

increment, and the resulting change of power, P is observed. If the P is positive, then it is
supposed that it has moved the operating point closer to the MPP. 19 Thus, further
voltage perturbations in the same direction should move the operating point toward the
MPP.

If the P is negative, the operating point has moved away from the MPP, and the
direction of perturbation should be reversed to move back towards MPP. Figure K:
Algorithm The MPPT consists of boost converter and the programming. The
programming is done in Arduino. 20 3. Battery Electric battery is a device which
consisting of one or more electrochemical cells which gives external supply to electrical
devices.

When battery is supplying power its positive terminal is cathode and negative is anode.
When a battery is connected with an external circuit, electrolytes are able to move ions
which allows chemical reaction to be completed at the separate terminal and so it
delivers energy to the circuit. It is movement that battery allows to flow the current to
perform work.

Figure L: Battery Rating:- Rated voltage : 12V Rated current : 7A Number of batteries : 3
4. CONTROLLER The controller will control the speed of motor. If we want to increase or
decrease the speed of motor we always use controller. If the controller is not used the
moorrat atspeed we n’tad ts Figure M: Controller 21 5.

BLDC MOTOR (BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR) Brushless DC motor is also known as

electronically commutated motor or Synchronous DC motor. Here the Synchronous
motor powered by DC electricity with the help of inverter which produce AC current to
drive each phase of motor. The structure of BLDC motor is similar to permanent magnet
synchronous motor.

High power to weight ratio, high speed and electronic control are the advantages of
BLDC motor. Figure N: BLDC motor Rating:- Power : 250 W Voltage : 36 V Current : 7 A
6. GSM MODULE In cellular and satellite communication we use GSM tracking device for
vehicles and other equipments, for frequent information of our vehicles.

With the help of this model we get the frequent messages from that device to us that
where our vehicles are located. This will help to find our vehicles where it is running or if
any one stole we can track it. This GSM module is connected with arduino where the
programming is done. Figure O: GSM Module 22 Value of Inductor measure Figure P:
Measuring the value of Inductor Circuit of Boost Converter Figure Q: Circuit of Boost
Converter 23 Firing Circuit of Boost Converter Figure R: Firing Circuit of Boost Converter
Connection of Battery Figure S: Connection of Battery 24 Connection of Controller with
Motor & Battery Figure T: Connection of Controller with Motor & Battery Working
model Figure U: Working model 25 CHAPTER 6: COST OF PROJECT 26 Sr. No.

Equipment Costs 1 Motor 6500 2 Controller 2450 3 Throttle 950 4 Cycle 2000 5 Battery
(Rent) (3) 100 Rs./Day per Piece 6 Solar Panel (Rent) 100 Rs./Day per piece 7 Welding
1700 8 Spoke Wheel 1250 9 GSM Module 1200 10 Arduino Uno 550 11 Boost Converter
200 12 Firing circuit 250 13 Wires 300 Table (b) : Costing 27 Supplier Name & Address 1.
Motor, Controller, Throttle & Spoke Wheel 01, Mahesh Appt, Plot No.

94J, Next to Reliance School, Sector 14, Kopar Khairane, Navi Mumbai, Maharastra.
GOGOA1.com 2. Cycle Gujarat Cycle, opp. Hirachan Nagar, Station Road, Bardoli. 3. GSM
Module From:- Amazon 4. Wire and other components Shop No. 2, Hemangini
Apartment, Opp. I.P.Mission School, Nr. Surat Municipal corporation, Surat. 28 CHAPTER
7: CONCLUSION 29 CONCLUSION ? Now a the price of fuel is increasing rapidly. To
overcome this we had made Solar Bicycle with Real Time Tracking.

? This will reduce pollution like air pollution which is the biggest pollution over the
world. ? In this report we had discuss about MPPT, how to consume maximum power
and charge the battery. ? This is eco-friendly to the world. 30 CHAPTER 8: FUTURE
SCOPE 31 FUTURE SCOPE ? In future everyone should move towards clean energy to
save the conventional fossil fuels i.e. petrol, diesel etc.

? Reduces the dependency on conventional energy sources & drought ? By using solar
energy we can reduce dependency on conventional sources. ? Used as Backup supply
system for Cooling in case of failure in industry or heavy machinery. ? Can be used in
Control panel as an Uninterrupted Power System for continuous supply in case of a
major fault/trip in system. 32 REFERENCES 33 REFERENCES 1. F..Jamern,“ Electric bikes
worldwide 2002: With electric scooters & neighbourhood EVs ,Er Battery Bicycle Co,
Naples, FL, 2002. 2. B.Ku H.Oma o ntl rbatt - erbicle” Proc.
NAE’93 — National Aerospace and Electronics Conf., vol. 1, May 24 – 28, 1993, pp. 428 –
434. 3. E.A. Lomonova, A.J.A. Vandenput, J. Rubacek, B. d ’Heripo G.Roos, “Delome oan
oerllasistbicle,in Proc. 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Soc. Ann. Meeting, October 13 –
18, 2002, pp. 384 – 389. 4. A.Muet G.Jack,and C. o usss -dc motor using soft magnetic
coses a ir ive aerbicle,in Proc. 9th European Conf. Power Electronics and Applications
(EPE), Graz, 2001, Paper 350. 5. W.

r ty - poed rbicles,in Po hco , Oct. 11 – 13, 1994, pp. 269 – 274. 6. H .Oma
C.Mochin,aF..Jamern,“Ectic - bicle oiopo,in Pc.WECON’95 , Nov. 7 – 9, 1995, pp. 555 –
560. 7. NASA, Baseline Testing of the EV Global E-Bike SX [Online]. Available:
http://gltrs.grc.nasa.gov/reports/2001/TM-2001-210972.pdf 34 ANNEXURE (PDE
REPORT) 35 APPENDIX- I 36 1. AEIOU Summary Figure V: AEIOU 37 2. Empathy
Summary Figure W: Empathy Mapping 38 3.

Ideation Figure X: Ideation 39 4. Product Development Figure Y: Product Development

40 APPENDIX- II 41 Business Model Canvas Figure Z: Business Model Canvas

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