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Open Ended Lab
Open Ended Lab
Lahore
From the equations it is obtained the the turbulent flow because of its haphazard
nature gives a different profile than laminar flow. The max and avg. velocity in this
case are related as:
Umax ≈ V(1+1.33 sq.rt.( f))
Similarly, the velocity profile eq is :
V /Umax = (y/ R )1/n
The velocity profile is a bit flat with sharp edges. The comparison of theoretical
laminar and turbulent flow is given in figure.
Manometer reading:
As the manometer is inclined the velocity head can be determined by:
P3+ᵧair*h2+
Research methodology:
The research method is quantitative as we have experimentally tried to verify
the velocity profiles.
Results and findings:
For laminar flow,
Vc= 3.2 m/s
V = 1.6 m/s
e= 0.03 mm
v= 1.5 x 10-5 m2/s
D= 30.5 cm
Dh= A/P= 0.093/4(0.305)= 0.07625 m
For turbulent flow,
Vc= 15.5 m/s
Let, f= 0.013
V= 13.45 m/s
RN=VL/v=V(4Dh)/v= 13.45(4)(0.07625)/1.5 x 10-5 = 273483.33
From moody’s dia,
f= 0.013
Hence confirmed.
theo.
y exp. vel Vel
(mm) (m/s) (m/s)
0 15.48 15.5
30 15.18318 15.48
60 14.80256 15.46
90 14.27134 15.44
120 13.38527 15.43
150 9.909771 15.32
Suggestions:
The experiment could be repeated by taking different openings to mark
the difference that occurs.
The opening of the tunnel could be made circular to allow smooth
passage of air.
The experiment could be done using water as fluid as air is more fickle
than water.
The experiment could be done in circular pipe to get better and reliable
answers.