COCCIDIA
SPECIES MORPHOLOGY HABITAT
Cryptosporidium
Oocyst : round/slightly
oval
C. garnhami
4 spindle shaped
C. parvum
sporozoites
Isospora
Oocyst : elongate
ovoidal “bottle with
short neck” appearance;
Smooth, thin, colorless
I. belli cystic wall with 2 layers Ileum , cecum
Mature oocyst : 2
sporocyst with 4
crescent shaped
sporozoites
Sarcocystis
Oocyst : broadly oval /
fusiform body with
pointed ends lying along
S. hominis
infected muscle fiber
S. suihominis
2 large sporocyst inside
S. lindemani
Meischer tube with 4
cresent-shaped
sporozoites
Cyclospora
Oocyst : spherical
shaped containing
membrane bound
refractile globules
C. cayetanensis Mature oocyst : 2
sporocyst with 2 cresent-
shaped sporozoite that
fluoresce blue-green
under UV light
Toxoplasma
Trophozite
- ovoid, cresent/banana
shape
- (A) pointed, (P)
rounded
T. gondii
- spindle like cytoplasm
-intracellular: shorter
more blunt, spherical
Oocyst 2 sporocyst with
4 sporozoite
Pneumocystis
DISEASE MOT PATHOGENESIS AND LABORATORY TREATMENT
SYMPTOMATOLOGY DIAGNOSIS
Direct fecal examination
Acute self-limiting diarrhea of 1-2
Microscopy – Modified
Fecal-oral route weeks duration; abdominal pain,
Intestines Cryptosporidiosis Ziehl Neelsen Staining None (Self-limiting)
(waterborne) anorexia and weakness; atrophy of
Sucrose-floatation
villous
technique
Formalin-ether
Isosporosis / Fecally contaminated Mucosal atrophy; chronic diarrhea, technique : oocyst in
Sulfadiazine +
intestinal food and drink with abdominal discomfort, low grade feces
Pyrimethamine
coccidiosis oocyst fever Modified Ziehl Neelsen
Staining of fecal smear
Ingestion of uncooked Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, Oocyst in duodenal
Tissue infection: none
meat or contaminated abdominal pain occurring 1-2 days aspirate
Intestine Sarcocystosis Intestinal: Trimetoprim +
food and drink containing after ingestion that may last for 2 Meischer tube in small
Sulfamethoxazole
infected sarcocyst weeks intestine tissue biopsy
Self-limiting persistent diarrhea that Stool-examination
Drinking contaminated Trimetoprim +
Jejenum Cyclosporiasis tend to recur in a relapsing pattern demonstrating spherical
water (fecal-oral route) Sulfamethoxazole
lasting for 3-4 weeks shaped body of oocyst
Ingestion of poorly Asymptomatic
cooked meat Self-limiting
Accidental ingested of Congenital toxoplasmosis: Biopsy from lymph
sporulated oocyst from - Maculo papular rashed nodes and liver
soil/ contaminated foods - lymphadenopathy Serology Pyrimethamine /
Toxoplasmosis
Droplet from intranasal - hepato splenomegaly - Sabin-Feldman dye test Trisulfapyrimedine
secretion -jaundice (gold standard for
Drinking contaminate -thrombocytopenia serological diagnosis)
water Consolidation and granuloma
Transplacental route formation seen at center of lesion
 Lungs : inflamed, enlarged,
Sporocyst : oval or distended
Interstitial plasma cell Clinical manifestation
round-shaped enclosed Presence of macrophages with
pneumonia / Chest X-ray Trimethoprim and
P. carnii in friable viscous cell Lungs Inhalation hyperplasia of the alveolar
pneumocystis Biopsy of lung tissue Sulfamethoxazole
wall with 8 uninucleated epithelium with round cell
pneumonia Autopsy
sporozoites infiltration
Sign of O2 starvation
Microsporidia
Enterocytozoon Finding spores within
Spore forming obligate intracellular
bieneusi Intestines Fecal-oral route cells in feces Abendazole
protozoa
Septata intestinalis Intestinal biopsy
Babesia
Microscopic
Pear shaped and appear
Transmitted by bite examination Pentamidine isithionate
as small ringform within Redwater fever / Massive destruction of RBC
B. microti RBC of Ixodes tick to Presence of multiple Chlorquine phosphate
the RBC arranged Babesiosi Acute febrile hemolytic disease
human ring-like form in RBC Clindamycin
parallel to each other
Serological