Conv Center 1

A Four-Storey Convention Center with Provision of Skylight
Francisco, Shae-Ann
Rodriguez, Angel Gabrielle
San Juan, Jeane Pauline
Tan, Michelle
CE52FA4
Technological Institute of the Philippines

Manila
February 2019
Chapter 1. Project Background
The Project
The project’s main purpose is to design a detailed structural design of a four-storey convention
center. It is proposed to be located at Batangas City having a total floor area of 4140 sq. m.
Project Objectives
The project objectives are the following:
 To associate the principles and ideologies of design courses with civil engineering standards;
 To incorporate multiple constraints and trade-offs;
 To use the essential modern tools in the design process such as Auto-CAD, Excel
Spreadsheet, etc.; and
 To document completed design project
The Client
The client of this project is the local government of the City of Batangas represented by its
mayor.
Project Scope and Limitations

The design of the four-storey convention center is dedicated only in the civil engineering
aspects and principles. It contains the structural study of the building based on the different appropriate
engineering codes and standards used in the country.
This project is intended and is limited only in the course:

 Reinforced Concrete Design,
 Steel Design, and
 Foundation Design.
The best suited practice for the structural elements is determined based on the constraints
considered.
The structural elements within the building such as beams, columns, and slabs were designed with
the aid of software applications such as
 Excel Spreadsheet,
 Auto-CAD,
 ETABS
The following are not covered in the design project:

 Cost estimates for Architectural, Plumbing, Electrical and Mechanical
Sustainability
The USGBC (U.S. Green Building Council) says that LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design) defines "a nationally accepted benchmark for the design, construction and operation of high-
performance green buildings" and "provides building owners and operators with the tools they need
to have an immediate and measurable impact on their buildings' performance." LEED is recommended
for six particular areas like sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, materials and
resources, indoor environment quality and innovative design process.
Natural lighting can be an important tool in attaining sustainability. The project will have a built
skylight at the main event area to minimize energy consumption and lighting costs. Skylights cut down
on the earth’s emissions and the need for electric lighting naturally. Also, solar energy is unlimited.
These reasons contribute to environment quality.
Convention centers are a medium where meetings and events are commonly held so, they should be
aesthetically pleasing to the audience. Having skylight installed is very beneficial since it also gives
an ‘up’ to aesthetics field. Also, it is studied that natural light increases productivity since it stimulates
the mind. Therefore, it won’t make the audience feel drowsy which is highly recommended for long
duration events.
Natural lighting is still the best type of lighting system used in interior design. It brings brighter, whiter
light than conventional bulbs. It highlights architectural details and provide better definition of space.
These are good for photography purposes, too, since we all know that taking of pictures is a must in
all events.
Chapter 2. Design Inputs
Architectural Plan
The architectural plan includes the following:
1. Perspective Plan
2. Ground Floor Plan
3. Second Floor Plan
4. Third Floor Plan
5. Fourth Floor Plan
6. Elevations and Sections
7. Vicinity Map
Structural Plan
The structural plan includes the following:
1. Column Location Plan

2. Framing Plan
3. Foundation Plan
A total of 4140 sq. m. floor area, the building consists of 1 spacious main event area, a total of 9 exhibit
halls, offices, and meeting rooms.
Table of Initial Members
Table 4-1. Initial Beam Schedule
GROUND FLOOR
L HMIN H B DIMENSION
BEAM
HEIGHT BASE
FB1 6 324.32 399.32 228.18 400 250
FB2 6 285.71 360.71 206.12 400 250
FB3 6 285.71 360.71 206.12 400 250
FB4 6 324.32 399.32 228.18 400 250
FB5 6 375 450 257.14 450 300
SECOND FLOOR
BEAM
HEIGHT BASE
2B1 6 324.32 399.32 228.18 400 250
2B2 6 285.71 360.71 206.12 400 250
2B3 6 285.71 360.71 206.12 400 250
2B4 6 324.32 399.32 228.18 400 250
2B5 6 375 450 257.14 450 300
THIRD FLOOR
BEAM
HEIGHT BASE
3B1 6 324.32 399.32 228.18 400 250
3B2 6 285.71 360.71 206.12 400 250
3B3 6 285.71 360.71 206.12 400 250
3B4 6 324.32 399.32 228.18 400 250
3B5 6 375 450 257.14 450 300
FOURTH FLOOR
BEAM
HEIGHT BASE
4B1 6 324.32 399.32 228.18 400 250
4B2 6 285.71 360.71 206.12 400 250
4B3 6 285.71 360.71 206.12 400 250
4B4 6 324.32 399.32 228.18 400 250
4B5 6 375 450 257.14 450 300
Table 4-2. Initial Column Schedule
Assume: Square Column
COLUMN DIMENSIONS
FLOOR LEVEL COLUMN
B (mm) H (mm)
C1 500 500
C2 500 500
C3 500 500
C4 500 500
GROUND FLOOR C5 500 500
C6 500 500
C7 500 500
C8 500 500
C9 500 500
COLUMN DIMENSIONS
FLOOR LEVEL COLUMN
B (mm) H (mm)
2C1 500 500
2C2 500 500
2C3 500 500
2C4 500 500
SECOND FLOOR 2C5 500 500
2C6 500 500
2C7 500 500
2C8 500 500
2C9 500 500

COLUMN DIMENSIONS
FLOOR LEVEL COLUMN
B (mm) H (mm)
3C1 500 500
3C2 500 500
3C3 500 500
3C4 500 500
THIRD FLOOR 3C5 500 500
3C6 500 500
3C7 500 500
3C8 500 500
3C9 500 500
COLUMN DIMENSIONS
FLOOR LEVEL COLUMN
B (mm) H (mm)
4C1 500 500
4C2 500 500
4C3 500 500
4C4 500 500
FOURTH FLOOR 4C5 500 500
4C6 500 500
4C7 500 500
4C8 500 500
4C9 500 500

Table 4-3.
Initial Slab Schedule
Floor Level Slab Thickness (mm)
Slab on Grade S1 150
2nd Level S1 150
3rd Level S1 150
4th Level S1 150
S1 150
Roof Level
S2 140
Initial Footing Schedule
Assume: Isolated Square Footing
FOOTING
CROSS Height of
DESIGNA
SECTION FOOTING
TION
(m) (mm)
F1 3.6 900
F2 5 1100
F3 5 1100
F4 7 1500
F5 7 1500
F6 7 1500
F7 5 1100
F8 7 1500
F9 7 1500
F10 1.3 600
F11 1 300
F12 2.7 700
F13 3.7 900
F14 5.2 1200
F15 5.9 1300
F16 6 1300
F17 6 1300
F18 5.9 1300
F19 6.1 1400
Chapter 3. Pre-Design Analysis
I. Introductory Paragraph
The design project starts with the design scheme this includes the conceptualization of
the form and geometry of the structure, floor plans, and the structural layout such as
structural framing plans. Next is to consider design standard that must be followed before
undergoing the design stage. Consideration of trade-offs and design constraints are next in
the flow process. At this stage, the designer explored designed alternatives considering the
entire structure’s constraint and the possible design aspects to satisfy the needs of the client
and to make the design valid and acceptable. After considering the trade-offs and design
constraints, the final phase is the design stage.
II. Design Criteria
1. Design Codes, Standards and Specifications
Design Codes
National Building Code of the Philippines (NBC)
The following are the sections and codes that are followed in conceptualizing and designing the
structural plan of the building:
 Section 401. Types of Construction
Type I. The structural elements may be any of the materials permitted by this Code.
 Section 701. Occupancy Classified

Group C. Buildings with an assembly room with an occupant capacity of 1000 or more
 Section 805. Ceiling Heights

Habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation have ceiling heights not less than 2.40
meters measured from the floor to the ceiling; provided that for buildings of more than one-
storey, the minimum ceiling height of the first storey shall be 2.70 meters and that for the
second storey 2.40 meters and succeeding storey shall have an unobstructed typical head-
room clearance of not less than 2.10 meters above the finished floor. Above stated rooms
with natural ventilation shall have ceiling height not less than 2.70 meters.
 Section 806. Sizes and Dimensions of Rooms

Minimum sizes of rooms and their least horizontal dimensions shall be as follows:
1. Rooms for Human Habitations. 6.00 square meters with at least dimensions of 2.00.
2. Kitchens. 3.00 square meters with at least dimension of 1.50.
3. Bath and Toilet. 1.20 square meters with at least dimension of 0.90 meters.
 Section 808. Window Openings.

Every room intended for any use, not provided with artificial ventilation system as herein
specified in this Code, shall be provided with a window or windows with a total free area of
openings equal to at least ten percent of the floor area of room, and such window shall open
directly to a court, yard, public street or alley, or open water courses.
 Section 1207. Stairs, Exits and Occupant Loads.

General. The construction of stairs and exits shall conform to the occupant load requirements
of buildings, reviewing stands, bleachers and grandstands:
a. Determinations of Occupant Loads. The occupant load permitted in any building or
portion thereof shall be determined by dividing the floor area assigned to that use by the
unit area allowed per occupant as determined by the Secretary.
b. Exit Requirements. Exit requirements of a building or portion thereof used for different
purposes shall be determined by the occupant load which gives the largest number of
persons. No obstruction shall be placed in the required width of an exit except projections
permitted by this code. National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP 6th Ed. 2010
C10-10)
Section 203 - Combination of Loads
The following are the tables used in each design computations:
Table 204-1 Minimum Densities for Design Loads from Materials
Material Density Material Density

Aluminum 26.7 Lime
Bituminous products Hydrated, loose 5.0
Asphaltum 12.7 Hydrated, compacted 7.1
Graphite 21.2 Masonry, Ashlar Stone
Paraffin 8.8 Granite 25.9
Petroleum, crude 8.6 Limestone, crystalline 25.9
Petroleum, refined 7.9 Limestone, oolitic 21.2
Petroleum, benzene 7.2 Marble 27.2
Petroleum, gasoline 6.6 Sandstone 22.6
Pitch 10.8 Masonry, Brick
Tar 11.8 Hard, low absorption 20.4
Brass 82.6 Medium, medium absorption 18.1
Bronze 86.7 Soft, high absorption 15.7
Cast-stone masonry 22.6 Masonry, Concrete (solid)
Cement, Portland, Loose 14.1 Lightweight units 16.5
Ceramic tile 23.6 Medium weight units 19.6
Charcoal 1.9 Normal weight units 21.2
Cinder fill 9.0 Masonry grout 22.0
Cinders, dry, in bulk 7.1 Masonry, Rubble Stone
Coal Granite 24.0
Anthracite, piled 8.2 Limestone, Crystalline 23.1
Bituminous, piled 7.4 Limestone, oolitic 21.7
Lignite, piled 7.4 Marble 24.5
Peat, dry, piles 3.6 Sandstone 21.5
Concrete, plain Mortar, cement or lime 20.4
Cinder 17.0 Particle board 7.1
Expanded-slag aggregate 15.7 Plywood 5.7
Haydite, burned clay 14.1 Riprap, not submerged
Slag 20.7 Limestone 13.0
Stone 22.6 Sandstone 14.1
Vermiculate and perlite 3.9-7.9 Sand
aggregate Clean and dry 14.1
Other light aggregate 11.0- River, dry 16.7
16.5 Slag
Concrete, reinforced Bank 11.0
Cinder 17.4 Bank screenings 17.0
Slag 21.7 Machine 15.1
Stone, including gravel 23.6 Sand 8.2
Copper 87.3 Slate 27.0
Cork, compressed 2.2 Steel, cold-drawn 77.3
Earth, not submerged Stone, quarried, piled
Clay, dry 9.9 Basalt, granite, gneiss 15.1
Clay, damp 17.3 Limestone, marble, quartz 14.9
Clay and gravel, dry 15.7 Sandstone 12.9
Silt, moist, loose 12.3 Shale 14.5
Silt, moist, packed 15.1 Greenstone, hornblende 16.8
Sand and gravel, dry, loose 15.7 Terracotta, architectural
Sand and gravel, wet 18.9 Voids filled 18.9
Earth, Submerged Voids unfilled 11.3
Clay 12.6 Tin 72.1
Soil 11.0 Water
River mud 14.1 Fresh 9.8
Sand or gravel 9.4 Sen 10.1
Sand or gravel and clay 10.2 Wood
Glass 25.1 Zinc, rolled sheet 70.5
Gravel, dry 16.3
Gypsum, loose 11.0
Gypsum, wallboard 7.9
Ice 9.0
Iron
Cast 70.7
Wrought 75.4
Lead 111.5
Table 204-1 Minimum Design Dead Loads
Component Load Component Load Component Load

CEILINGS FLOOR FILL FRAME WALLS
Acoustical fiber board 0.05 Cinder concrete 0.017 Exterior stud walls:
Gypsum board 0.008 Lightweight concrete 0.015 50x100@400mm 0.53
Mechanical duct allow. 0.20 Sand 0.015 50x150@400mm 0.57
Plaster on tile or conc. 0.24 Stone concrete 0.023 Exterior wall; veneer 2.30
Plaster on wood lath 0.38 FLOOR & FLOOR FINISH Windows, glass, etc. 0.38
Suspended steel channel 0.10 Asphalt block (50mm) 1.44 Clay brick wythes: 1.87
Suspended metal; cem. 0.72 Cement finish (25mm) 1.53 100mm 3.74
Susp. metal; gypsum 0.48 Ceramic tile (13mm) 0.77 200mm 5.51
Wood furring 0.12 Ceramic tile (25mm) 1.10 300mm 7.48
COVERINGS,Roof & Wall Concrete fill finish 0.023 400mm 7.48
Asphalt shingle 0.10 Hardwood flooring 0.19
Cement tile 0.77 Linoleum/Asphalt 0.05
Clay tile Marble and mortar 1.58
Book tile, 50mm 0.57 Slate 0.028
Book tile, 75mm 0.96 Solid flat tile (25mm) 1.10
Ludowici 0.48 Subflooring, 19mm 0.14
Roman 0.57 Terrazzo (38mm) 0.91
Spanish 0.91 Terrazzo (25mm) 1.53
Composition Terrazzo (50mm) 1.53
3-ply ready roofing 0.05 Wood block (no fill) 0.48
4-ply felt and gravel 0.26 Wood block (13mm) 0.77
5-ply felt and gravel 0.29 FRAME PARTITIONS
Copper or tin 0.05 Movable partitions 0.24
Corrugate asbestos-cem. 0.19 Movable (steel) 0.19
Deck, metal 20 gage 0.12 Wood or steel studs 0.38
Deck, metal 18 gage 0.14 Wood stud, unplaster 0.19
Fiberboard, 13 mm 0.04 Wood stud, 1 side 0.57
Gypsum sheathing, 13mm 0.10 Wood stud, both sides 0.96
Insulation, roof board
Cellular glass 0.0013
Fibrous glass 0.0021
Fiberboard 0.0028
Perlite 0.0015
Polystyrene foam 0.0004
Urethane foam 0.0009
Plywood 0.0060
Skylight, metal frame,
10mm wire glass 0.38
Slate, 5mm 0.34
Slate, 6mm 0.48
Waterproofing membrane:
Bituminous, gravel 0.26
Bituminous, smooth 0.07
Liquid, applied 0.05
Single-ply, sheet 0.03
Wood sheathing 0.0057
Wood shingles 0.14
CONCRETE MASONRY
Unplastered. Add 0.24 kPa for each face plastered
Grout Wythe Thickness

Spacing 100 150 200
16.5 kN/m3 Density of Unit
No grout 1.05 1.15 1.48
800 1.4 1.53 2.01
600 1.5 1.63 2.2
400 1.79 1.92 2.54
Full 2.5 2.63 3.59
No grout 1.24 1.34 1.72
800 1.59 1.72 2.25
600 1.69 1.87 2.44
400 1.98 2.11 2.82
Full 2.69 2.82 3.88
No grout 1.39 1.44 1.87
800 1.74 1.82 2.39
600 1.83 1.96 2.59
400 2.13 2.2 2.92
Full 2.84 2.97 3.97
Table 205-1 Minimum Uniform Concentrated Live Loads
Use or Occupancy Uniform Load Concentrated Load

Category Description kPa kN
Office use 2.4 9.0
1. Access floor systems
Computer use 4.8 9.0
2. Armories -- 7.2 0
Fixed seats 4.8 0
3. Theaters, assembly Movable seats 7.2 0
areas, and auditoriums Lobbies and platforms 4.8 0
Stage areas 1.9 0
4. Bowling alleys,
poolrooms and similar -- 1.9 0
recreational areas
5. Catwalk for -- 1.9 1.3
maintenance access
6. Comices and -- 3.6 0
marquees
7. Dining rooms and -- 4.8 0
restaurants
8. Exit facilities -- 4.8 0
General storage and/or 4.8 --
repair
9. Parking garages and Public parking and ramps 4.8 --
ramps Private (residential) or 2.4 --
pleasure-type motor
vehicle storage
Wards and rooms 1.9 4.5
Laboratories and operating 2.9 4.5
10. Hospitals rooms
Corridors above ground 3.8 4.5
floor
Reading rooms 2.9 4.5
Stack rooms 7.2 4.5
11. Libraries
floor
Light 6.0 9.0
Heavy 12.0 13.4
12. Manufacturing
Building corridors above 3.8 9.0
ground floor
Call centers and business 2.9 9.0
processing offices
13. Office Lobbies and ground floor 4.8 9.0
corridors
Other offices 2.4 9.0
Press rooms 7.2 11.0
14. Printing plants Composing and linotype 4.8 9.0
rooms
Basic floor area 1.9 0
Exterior balconies 2.9 0
15. Residential
Decks 1.9 0
Storage 1.9 0
16. Restrooms -- -- --
17. Reviewing stands, -- 4.8 0
grandstands, bleachers,
and folding and
telescoping seating
18. Roof decks Same as area served or -- --
occupancy
Classrooms 1.9 4.5
19. Schools
floor
Ground floor corridors 4.8 4.5
20. Sidewalks and Public access 12.0 --
driveways
Light 6.0 --
21. Storage
Heavy 12.0 --
Retail 4.8 4.5
22. Stores
Wholesale 6.0 13.4
23. Pedestrian bridges -- 4.8 --
and walkways
Table 103-1 Occupancy Category
Occupancy Occupancy or Function of Structure
Category
Occupancies having surgery and emergency treatment areas,
Fire and police stations,
Garages and shelters for emergency vehicles and aircraft,
Structures and shelters in emergency preparedness centers,
Aviation control towers,
Structures and equipment in communication centers and other facilities required
I – Essential for emergency response,
Facilities Facilities for standby power-generating equipment for Category I structures,
Tanks or other structures containing housing or supporting water or other fire-
suppression material or equipment required for the protection of Category I, II or
III structures,
Public school buildings,
Hospitals and
Designated evacuation centers
Occupancies and structures housing or supporting toxic or explosive chemicals or
II –
substances,
Hazardous
Non - building structures storing, supporting, or containing quantities of toxic of
Facilities
explosive substances
Single-story school buildings,
Buildings with an assembly room with an occupant capacity of 1000 or more,
Educational buildings such as museums libraries, auditorium with a capacity of
300 or more students,
Buildings used for college or adult education with a capacity of 500 or more
students,
III – Special
Institutional buildings with 50 or more incapacitated patients, but not included in
Occupancy
Category I,
Structures
Mental hospitals, sanitariums, jails, prison and other buildings where personal
liberties of inmates are similarly restrained,
All structures with an occupancy of 5000 or more persons,
Structures and equipment in power-generating stations, and other public utility
facilities not included in Category I or Category II, and required for continued
operation
IV – Standard All structures housing occupancies or having functions not listed in Category I, II,
Occupancy or III and Category V
Structures
V- Private garages, carports, sheds, and fences over 1.5m high
Miscellaneous
Structures
Wind Load
 Section 207.5.4 Wind Directionality Factor
The wind directionality factor, Kd, shall be determined from Table 207-2. This factor
shall only be applied when used in conjunction with load combinations specified in
Section 203.3 and 203.4.
 Section 207.5.5 Importance Factor

An importance factor Iw, for the building or other structure shall be determined from
Table 207-3 based on building and structure categories listed in Table 103-1.
 Section 207.5.6 Exposure

For each wind direction considered, the upwind exposure category shall be based on
ground surface roughness that is determined from natural topography, vegetation, and
constructed facilities.
 Section 207.5.7 Topographic Factor

The wind speed-up effect shall be included in the calculation of design wind loads by
using the factor kzt. If site conditions and locations of structures do not meet all the
conditions specified in Section 207.5.7.1 the kzt = 1.0
 Section 207.5.8 Gust Effect Factor

The gust effect factor shall be calculated as permitted in Sections 207.5.8.1 to
207.5.8.5, using appropriate values for natural frequency and damping ratio as
permitted in Section 207.5.8.6.
 Section 207.5.9 Enclosure Classifications

For the purpose of determining internal pressure coefficients, all buildings shall be
classified as enclosed, partially enclosed, or open as defined in Section 207.2.
 Section 207.5.10 Velocity Pressure

Velocity Pressure, qz, evaluated at height z shall be calculated by the following
equation
qz = 47.3 x 10-6 kz kzt kd V2 Iw.
 Section 207.5.11 Pressure and Force Coefficients

Internal Pressure Coefficients, GCPi, shall be determined from fig. 207-5 based on
building enclosure classifications determined from Section 207.5.9
 Section 207.5.12 Rigid Building for All Heights

Design wind pressures for the MWFRS of a building of all heights shall be
determined by the following equation;
P = qGCP – qi(GCPi)
 Section 207.5.13 Design Wind Loads on Open Buildings with Monoslope, Pitched, or
Troughed Roofs
Plus, and minus signs signify pressure acting toward and away from the top surface of
the roof, respectively.
 Section 207.5.14 Design Wind Loads on Solid Freestanding Walls and Solid Signs
The design wind force for solid freestanding walls and solid signs shall be determined
by the following formula:
F = qhGCfAs
 Section 207.5.15 Design Wind Loads on Other Structure

The design wind force for other structures shall be determined by the following
equation:
F = qzGfCfAf
Table 207-1 Wind Zone for the Different Provinces of the Philippines
Zone Classification
Provinces
(Basic Wind Speed)
Albay, Aurora, Batanes, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur,
Zone 1
Catanduanes, Eastern Samar, Isabela, Northern Samar, Quezon,
(V = 250 kph)
Quirino, Samar, Sorsogon
Abra, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Aklan, Antique, Apayao,
Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Biliran, Bohol, Bulacan, Camiguin, Capiz,
Cavite, Cebu, Compostela Valley, Davao Oriental, Guimaras, Ifugao,
Zone 2 Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Iloilo, Kalinga, La Union, Laguna, Leyte,
(V = 200 kph) Marinduque Masbate, Misamis Oriental, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya,
Occidental Mindoro, Oriental Mindoro, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Rizal,
Romblon, Siquijor, Southern Leyte, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del
Sur, Tarlac, Zambales
Basilan, Bukidnon, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Norte,
Zone 3 Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Misamis Occidental, North Cotabato,
(V = 150 kph) Palawan, Sarangani, South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Sulu, Tawi-tawi,
Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay
Table 207-2 Wind Directionality Factor, Kd
Structural Type Directionality Factor, Kd*

Buildings
 Main Wind Force Resisting System 0.85
 Components and Cladding 0.85
Arched Roofs 0.85
Chimneys, Tanks and Similar Structures
 Square 0.90
 Hexagonal 0.95
 Round 0.95
Solid Signs 0.85
Open Signs and Lattice Framework 0.85
Trussed Towers
 Triangular, square, rectangular 0.85
 All other cross sections 0.95
* Directionality Factor Kd has been calibrated with combinations of loads specified in Section
203. This factor shall only be applied when used in conjunction with load combinations specified
in Section 203.3 and 203.4
Table 207-3 Importance Factor, Iw (Wind Loads)
Occupancy Category1 Description Iw

I Essential 1.15
II Hazardous 1.15
Special
III 1.15
Occupancy
Standard
IV 1.00
Occupancy
V Miscellaneous 0.87
* See Table 103-1 for types of occupancy under each category.
Exposure Categories
Exposure B shall apply where the ground surface roughness condition, as
defined by Surface Roughness B, prevails in the upwind direction for a
Exposure B
distance of at least 800 m or 20 times the height of the building, whichever is
greater
Exposure C Exposure C shall apply for all cases where B or D does not apply
Exposure D shall apply where the ground surface roughness, as defined by
surface roughness D, prevails in the upwind direction for a distance greater
than 1.5 km or 20 times the building height, which is greater.
Exposure D
Exposure D shall extend into downwind areas of Surface Roughness B or C
for a distance of 180 m or 20 times the height of the building, whichever is
greater
Table 207-4 Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficients 1, Kh and Kz
Exposure (Note 1)
B C D
Height above
Ground level, Case 1 Case 2 Cases 1 and 2 Cases 1 and 2
z (m)
0 – 4.5 0.70 0.57 0.85 1.03
6 0.70 0.62 0.90 1.08
7.5 0.70 0.66 0.94 1.12
9 0.70 0.70 0.98 1.16
12 0.76 0.76 1.04 1.22
15 0.81 0.81 1.09 1.27
18 0.85 0.85 1.13 1.31
21 0.89 0.89 1.17 1.34
24 0.93 0.93 1.21 1.38
27 0.96 0.96 1.24 1.40
30 0.99 0.99 1.26 1.43
Notes:
1. Case 1:
a. All components and cladding
b. Main wind force resisting system in low-rise buildings designed using Figure 207-10.
Case 2:
a. All main wind force resisting systems in buildings except those in low-rise buildings designed
using Figure 207-10.
b. All main wind force resisting systems in other structures.
2. The velocity pressure exposure coefficient Kz may be determined from the following formula:
4.5
For z < 4.5 m 𝐾𝑧 = 2.01( )2⁄𝛼
𝑧𝑔
𝑧
For 4.5 m ≤ z ≤ zg 𝐾𝑧 = 2.01( )2⁄𝛼
𝑧𝑔
Note: z shall not be taken less than 9.0 m for Case 1 in exposure B.
3. α and zg are tabulated in 207-5

4. Linear interpolation for intermediate values of height z is acceptable.
5. Exposure categories are defined in Section 207.5.6.
Table 207-5 Terrain Exposure Constants
Exposure B C D
α 7.0 9.5 11.5
Zg (m) 365 275 215
Figure 207-5 Internal Pressure Coefficients, GCpi
Enclosure Classification GCpi

Open Buildings 0.00
+ 0.55
Partially Enclosed Buildings
- 0.55
+ 0.18
Enclosed Buildings
- 0.18
Earthquake Load
 Section 208.5.1
Structures shall be designed for ground motion producing structural response and
seismic forces in any horizontal direction. The following earthquake loads shall be
used in the load combinations set forth in Section 203:
E = Eh + Eb
 Section 208.5.2 Static Force Procedure
Section 208.5.2.1
The total design base shear in a given direction shall be determined from the
following equation:
𝐶𝑣 𝐼(𝑊)
𝑉=
𝑅𝑇
The total design base shear need not exceed the following:
2.5𝐶𝑎 𝐼(𝑊)
𝑉=
𝑅
The base shear shall not be less than the following:

𝑉 = 0.11𝐶𝑎 𝐼𝑊
Section 208.5.2.2
The value of T shall be determined using the following method:
Determine the structure period T using Method A
𝑇 = 𝐶𝑡 (ℎ𝑛 )3/4
Table 208-1 Seismic Importance Factors
Occupancy Category Seismic Importance Factor I Seismic Importance Factor Ip
I. Essential Facilities 1.5 1.5
II. Hazardous Facilities 1.25 1.5
III. Special Occupancy Structures 1 1
IV. Standard Occupancy Structures 1 1
V. Miscellaneous Structures 1 1
Table 208-2 Soil Profile Types
Soil Profile Soil Profile Name Ave. Properties for top 30m Soil Profile
Shear Wave Velocity SPT Undrained Shear Strength
SA Hard Rock > 1500
SB Rock 760 to 1500
SC Very Dense Soil 360 to 760 > 50 > 100
15 to
SD Stiff Soil Profile 180 to 360 50 to 100
50
SE Soft Soil Profile < 180 < 15 < 50
SF Soil Requiring Site-Specific Evaluation See Section 208.4.3.1
1
Soil Profile Type SE also includes any soil profile with more than 3.0 m of soft clay defined as a soil with plasticity index,
PI > 20, wmc  40 percent and su < 24 kPa. The Plasticity Index, PI, and the moisture content, wmc, shall be determined
in accordance with approved national standards.
Table 208-3 Seismic Zone Factor Z
Zone 2 4
Z 0.2 0.4
Table 208-4 Near-Source Factor Na1
Closest Distance to Known

Seismic Source Type Seismic Source 2
≤ 5 km ≥ 10 km
A 1.2 1
B 1 1
C 1 1
Table 208-5 Near-Source Factor, Nv1
Closest Distance to Known

Seismic Source Type Seismic Source 2
≤ 5 km 10 km ≥ 15 km
A 1.6 1.2 1
B 1.2 1 1
C 1 1 1
Notes for Tables 208.4 and 208.5:
1 The Near-Source Factor may be based on the linear interpolation of values for distances other
than those shown in the table.
2 The closest distance to seismic source shall be taken as the minimum distance between the site
and the area described by the vertical projection of the source on the surface (i.e. surface
projection of fault plane). The surface projection need not include portions of the source at
depths of 10 km or greater. The largest value of the Near-Source Factor considering all sources
shall be used for design.
Table 208-6 Seismic Source Types 1
Seismic Seismic Source Definitions

Seismic Source Description
Source Type Maximum Moment Magnitude, M
Faults that are capable of
producing large magnitude
A M  7.0
events and that have a high rate
of seismic activity.
All faults other than Types A and
B 6.5 ≤ M ≤ 7.0
C.
Faults that are not capable of
producing large magnitude
C earthquakes and that have a M < 6.5
relatively low rate of seismic
activity.
Table 208-7 Seismic Coefficient, Ca
Seismic Zone
Soil Profile Type 2 4
Z = 0.2 Z= 0.4
SA 0.16 0.32Na
SB 0.2 0.40Na
SC 0.24 0.40Na
SD 0.28 0.44Na
SE 0.34 0.44Na
SF See Footnote 1 of Table 208-8
Table 208-8 Seismic Coefficient, Cv
Soil Profile Type Seismic Zone

2 4
Z = 0.2 Z= 0.4
SA 0.16 0.32Na
SB 0.20 0.40Na
SC 0.32 0.56Na
SD 0.40 0.64Na
SE 0.64 0.96Na
SF See Footnote 1 of Table 208-8

1
Site-specific geotechnical investigation and dynamic site response analysis shall be performed
to determine seismic coefficients.
Table 208-11A Earthquake Force – Resisting Structural Systems of Concrete
System Limitation and Building Limitation

Basic Seismic Force Resisting System R o
Zone 2 Zone 4
A. Bearing Wall Systems
 Special Reinforced Concrete
4.5 2.8 NL 50
Shear Walls
 Ordinary Reinforced Concrete
4.5 2.8 NL NP
Shear Walls
B. Building Frame Systems
5.5 2.8 NL 75
Shear Walls or Braced Frames
5.6 2.2 NL NP
Shear Walls or Braced Frames
 Intermediate Precast Shear
5.5 2.8
Walls or Braced Frames
C. Moment Resisting Frame
8.5 2.8 NL NL
Moment Frames (SMRF)
 Intermediate Reinforced
Concrete Moment Frames 5.5 2.8 NL NP
(IMF)
3.5 2.8 NL NP
Moment Frames
D. Dual Systems
8.5 2.8 NL NL
Shear Walls
6.5 2.8 NP NP
Shear Walls
Foundations
Section 304. Allowable Foundation and Lateral Pressures
304.1 From Geotechnical Site Investigation and Assessment
The recommended allowable foundation and lateral pressures shall be estimated from a reasonably
exhaustive geotechnical site investigation and assessment, which shall include at least the following:
a. Description of regional geologic characteristics;
b. Characterization of in-situ geotechnical conditions;
c. Factual report on the in-situ and laboratory test performed to characterize the site;
d. Disclosure of the assumptions and the applicable analytical or empirical models used in
estimating the allowable foundation and lateral pressures;
e. Calculations carried out and Factor of Safety (FS) assumed in arriving at the recommended
allowable foundation and lateral pressures; and
f. Evaluation of existing potential geologic hazards and those that may be induced or triggered
by the construction/installation of the structure
The geotechnical site investigation and assessment shall be performed by a geotechnical engineer.
A geotechnical investigation and assessment shall be presented in a report. The report, together with
a brief resume and a sworn statement of accountability of the geotechnical engineering consultant who
prepared it, shall be included in the submittals to be reviewed and examined by the building official
or government authority in charge of issuing the relevant permits such as environmental compliance
certificate and/or building permit.
305.1 General
Table 305-1 Minimum Requirements for Foundations
Number of Floors Thickness of Foundation Width of Thickness Depth Below
Supported by the Wall (mm) Footing of Footing Undistributed
Foundations Concrete Unit Masonry (mm) (mm) Ground Surface
(mm)
1 150 150 300 150 300
2 200 200 375 175 450
3 250 250 450 200 600
305.2 Footing Design

Except for special provisions of Section 307 covering the design of piles, all portions of footings shall
be designed in accordance with the structural provisions of this code and shall be designed to minimize
differential settlement when necessary and the effects of expansive soils when present.
Slab-on-grade and mat-type footings for buildings located on expansive soils may be designed in
accordance with the geotechnical recommendation as permitted by the building official.
305.2.1 Design Loads
Footings shall be designed for the most unfavorable load effects due to combinations of loads. The
dead load is permitted to include the weight of foundations, footings and overlying fill. Reduced live
loads as permitted in the Chapter on Loadings are permitted to be used in the design of footings.
Section 306 Piles – General Requirement

306.1 General
Pile Foundations shall be designed and installed on the basis of a foundation investigation required by
the building official.
The investigation and report provisions shall be expanded to include, but not limited to, the following:
1. Recommended pile types and installed allowable axial capacities, and estimated settlement.
2. Driving criteria
3. Installation procedures
4. Field inspection and reporting procedures (to include procedures for verification of the
installed bearing capacity where required)
5. Pile load test requirements
The use of piles not specifically mentioned in this chapter shall be permitted, subject to the approval
of the building official upon submission of acceptable test data, calculations or other information
relating to the properties and load-carrying capacities of such piles.
306.3 Determination of Allowable Loads

The allowable axial and lateral loads on piles shall be determined by an approved formula, by a
foundation investigation or by load tests. Static axial compressive pile load shall be in accordance with
ASTM Standard D-1143, and lateral load testing of piles shall conform to ASTM Standard D-3966.
Dynamic pile tests shall be in accordance with ASTM Standard D-4945. Static axial tensile load testing
to determine the uplift capacity of pile-soil systems shall be in accordance with ASTM Standard D-
3689.
306.4 Static Load Test

Static axial compressive pile load test shall be in accordance with ASTM Standard D-1143. The
building official may require that the test be conducted under the supervision of a geotechnical
engineer experienced and knowledgeable in the practice of static pile load testing
When the allowable axial compressive load of a single pile is determined by a static load test, one of
the following methods shall be used:
Method 1. It shall not exceed 50 percent of the yield point under test load. The yield point shall be
defined as that point at which an increase in load produces a disproportionate increase in settlement.
Method 2. It shall not exceed one half of the load, which causes a net settlement, after deducting
rebound, of 0.03 mm/kN of test load, which has been applied for a period of at least 24 hours.
Method 3. It shall not exceed one half of that load under which, during a 40-hour period of
continuous load application, no additional settlement takes place.
306.6 Column Action

All piles standing unbraced in air, water or material not capable of lateral support shall conform with
the applicable column formula as specified in this code. Such piles driven into firm ground may be
considered fixed and laterally supported at 1.5 m below the ground surface and in soft material at 3
m from the ground surface unless otherwise prescribed by the building official after a foundation
investigation by an approved agency.
306.7 Group Action

Consideration shall be given to the reduction of allowable pile load when piles are placed in
groups. Where soil conditions make such load reductions advisable or necessary, the allowable axial
and lateral loads determined for a single pile shall be reduced by any rational method or formula
submitted to the building official.
306.8 Lateral Loads
The design of piles subjected to lateral loads shall be consistent with the design rules given Sections
306.1 through 306.7, where applicable. For foundations involving piles subjected to lateral, the
investigation and report provisions of Section 303 shall be expanded to include, but not be limited
to:
1. Allowable lateral load capacity of recommended pile type.
2. Resulting lateral displacements at allowable lateral load.
3. Lateral pile load test requirements.
306.8.2 Pile Groups

The group effects shall be considered when assessing the resistance of laterally loaded pile groups.
306.12 Allowable Loads
The allowable loads based on soil conditions shall be established in accordance with Section 306,
Exception:
Any uncased cast-in-place pile may be assumed to develop a frictional resistance equal to one
sixth of the bearing value of the soil material at minimum depth as set forth in Table 305-1 but
not to exceed 25 kPa unless a greater value is allowed by the building official after a foundation
investigation as specified in Section 303 is submitted Frictional resistance and bearing
resistance shall not be assumed to act simultaneously unless recommended after a foundation
investigation as specified in Section 303.
Concrete
404.4 Structural System and Load Paths
404.4.1 The structural system shall include (a) through (g), as applicable:
a. Floor construction and roof construction, including one-way and two-way slabs;
b. Beams and joists;
c. Column;
d. Wall;
e. Diaphragms;
f. Foundations;
g. Joints, connections, and anchors as required to transmit forces from one component to
another.
404.4.2 Design of structural members including joints and connections given in Section 404.4.1 shall
be in accordance with Sections 407 through 418.
404.4.3 It shall be permitted to design a structural system comprising structural members not in
accordance with Sections
404.4.1, and 404.4.2, provided the structural system is approved in accordance with Section 401.10.1.
‘
404.4.4 The structural system shall be designed to resist the factored loads in load combinations given
in Section 404.3 without exceeding the appropriate member design strengths, considering one or more
continuous load paths from the point of load application or origination to the final point of resistance.
404.4.5 Structural systems shall be designed to accommodate anticipated volume change and
differential settlement.
404.4.6 Seismic-Force-Resisting System
404.4.6.1 Every structure shall be assigned to a seismic zones 4, or 2, in accordance with the general
building code or as determined by the authority having jurisdiction in areas without a legally adopted
building code.
404.4.6.2 Structural systems designated as part of the seismic-force-resisting system shall be restricted
to those systems designated by the general building code or as determined by the authority having
jurisdiction in areas without a legally adopted building code.
404.5 Structural Analysis

404.5.1 Analytical procedures shall satisfy compatibility of deformations and equilibrium of forces
404.6 Strength
404.6.1 Design strength of a member and its joints and connections, in terms of moment, axial force,
shear, torsion, and bearing, shall be taken as the nominal strength, Sn, multiplied by the applicable
strength reduction factor Φ.
404.6.2 Structures and structural members shall have design strength at all sections, ΦSn, greater than
or equal to the required strength U calculated for the factored loads and forces in such combinations
as required by this Section or the general building code.
404.7 Serviceability
404.7.1 Evaluation of performance at service load conditions shall consider reactions, moments,
torsions, shears, and axial forces induced by pre-stressing, creep, shrinkage, temperature change, axial
deformation, restraint of attached structural members, and foundation settlement.
404.7.2 For structures, structural members, and their connections, the requirements of Section 404.7.1
shall be deemed to be satisfied if designed in accordance with the provisions of the applicable member
sections.
404.8 Durability
404.8.1 Concrete mixtures shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of Sections 419.3.2
and 426.4, considering applicable environmental exposure to provide required durability.
404.8.2 Reinforcement shall be protected from corrosion in accordance with Section 420.6.
Section 405. Loads

405.2.1 Loads shall include self-weight; applied loads; and effects of prestressing, earthquakes,
restraint of volume change, and differential settlement.
405.2.2 Loads and seismic zones shall be in accordance with the general building code, or determined
by another authority having jurisdiction in areas without a legally adopted building code.
405.2.3 Live load reductions shall be permitted in accordance with the general building code or, in the
absence of a general building code, in accordance with ASCE/SEI 7.
405.3 Load Factors and Combinations

405.3.1 Required strength, 17, shall be at least equal to the effects of factored loads in Table 405.3.1,
with exceptions and additions in Sections 405.3.3 through 405.3.12.
Table 405.3.1 Load Combinations
Load Designations Equation Primary Load
U = 1.4D 405.31a D
U = 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5 (Lr or R) 405.31b L
U = 1.2D + 1.6(Lr or R) + (1.0L or 0.5W) 405.31c Lr or R
U = 1.2D + 1.0W + 1.0L + 0.5 (Lr or R) 405.31d W
U = 1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L 405.31e E
U = 0.9D + 1.0W 405.31f W
U = 0.9D + 1.0E 405.31g E
405.3.2 The effect of one or more loads not acting simultaneously shall be investigated.
405.3.3 The load factor on live load L in Eqs. 405.3. lc, 405.3. Id, and 405.3. le shall be permitted to
be reduced to 0.5 except for (a), (b), or (c):
a. Garages;
b. Areas occupied as places of public assembly;
c. Areas where L is greater than 4.8 kPa.
405.3.4 If applicable, L shall include (a) through (f):
a. Concentrated live loads;
b. Vehicular loads;
c. Crane loads;
d. Loads on hand rails, guardrails, and vehicular
barrier systems;
e. Impact effects;
f. Vibration effects.
405.3.5 If wind load W is based on service-level loads, 1.6W shall be used in place of 1.OW in Eqs.
405. 3. Id and 405.3. If, and 0. 8W shall be used in place of 0. 5W in Eq. 405.3.1c.
Section 406. Structural Analysis

406.2. General
406.2.1 Members and structural systems shall be permitted to be modeled in accordance with
Section 406.3.
406.2.2 All members and structural systems shall be analyzed for the maximum effects of loads
including the arrangements of live load in accordance with Section 406.4.
406.2.3 Methods of analysis permitted by this Section shall be (a) through (e):
a. The simplified method for analysis of continuous beams and one-way slabs for gravity
loads in Section 406.5;
b. First-order in Section 406.6;
c. Elastic second-order in Section 406.7 (d) inelastic second-orders in Section 406.8 (e) Finite
element in Section 406.9;
d. Inelastic second-order in Section 406.8;
e. Finite element in Section 406.9.
406.2.4.1 Two-way slabs shall be permitted to be analyzed for gravity loads in accordance with (a)
or (b):
a. Direct design method in Section 408.10;
b. Equivalent frame method in Section 408.1 L 406.2.4.2 Slender walls shall be permitted to
be analyzed in accordance with Section 41 1.8 for out-of-plane effects.
406.2.5 Slenderness effects shall be permitted to be neglected if (a) or (b) is satisfied:
where M1/M2 is negative if the column is bent in single curvature, and positive for double curvature.
If bracing elements resisting lateral movement of a storey have a total stiffness of at least 12 times the
gross lateral stiffness of the columns in the direction considered, it shall be permitted to consider
columns within the storey to be braced against sidesway.
406.2.5.1 The radius of gyration, r, shall be permitted to be calculated by (a),(b),or (c):
b. 0.30 times the dimension in the direction stability is being considered for rectangular
columns;
c. 0.25 times the diameter of circular columns.
Section 407. One-way Slabs

407.2 General
407.2.1 The effects of concentrated loads and openings shall be considered in design.
407.2.2 Materials
407.2.2.1 Design properties for concrete shall be selected to be in accordance with Section
419.
407.2.2.2 Design properties for steel reinforcement shall be selected to be in accordance with
Section 420.
407.2.2.3 Materials, design and detailing requirements for embedments in concrete shall be
in accordance with Section 420.7.
407.3 Design Limits

407.3.1 Minimum Slab Thickness
407.3.1.1 For solid non-prestressed slabs not supporting or attached to partitions or other
construction likely to be damaged by large deflections, overall slab thickness h shall not be
less than the limits in Table 407.3.1.1, unless the calculated deflection limits of Section
407.3.2 are satisfied.
Table 407.3.1.1 Minimum Thickness of Solid Non-prestressed One-Way Slabs

Support condition Minimum h
Simply supported l/20
One end continuous l/24
Both ends continuous l/28
Cantilever l/10
407.3.1.1.1 For fy other than 420 MPa, the expressions in Table 407.3.1.1 shall be multiplied
by (0. 4 + fy/ 700).
407.3.1.2 The thickness of a concrete floor finish shall be permitted to be included in ft if it is
placed monolithically with the floor slab, or if the floor finish is designed to be composite with
the floor slab in accordance with Section 416.4.
407.3.2 Calculated Deflection Limits
407.3.2.1 For non-prestressed slabs not satisfying Section 407.3.1 and for prestressed slabs,
immediate and time-dependent deflections shall be calculated in accordance with Section
424.2 and shall not exceed the limits in Section 424.2.2.
407.3.3 Reinforcement Strain Limit in NonPrestressed Slabs
407.3.3.1 For non-prestressed slabs, εt shall be at least 0.004.
407.3.1.1.3 For non-prestressed composite slabs made of a combination of lightweight and
normal weight concrete that are shored during construction, where the lightweight concrete is
in compression, the modifier of Section 407.3.1.1.2 shall apply.
placed monolithically with the floor slab, or if the floor finish is designed to be composite
with the floor slab in accordance with Section 416.4.
immediate and time-dependent deflections shall be calculated in accordance with Section
424.2 and shall not exceed the limits in Section 424.2.2
407.3.2.2 For non-prestressed composite concrete slabs satisfying Section 407.3.1,
deflections occurring after the member becomes composite need not be calculated.
Deflections occurring before the member becomes composite shall be investigated, unless the
precomposite thickness also satisfies Section 407.3.1.
407.5 Design Strength Prestressed Slabs

407.5.1 General
407.5.1.1 For each applicable factored load combination, design strength at all sections shall
satisfy ΦSn > U including (a) and (b):
a. ΦMn ≥ Mu
b. ΦVn ≥ Vu
Interaction between load effects shall be considered.
407.5.1.2 0 shall be determined in accordance with Section 421.2.
407.4 Required Strength

407.4.1 General
407.4.1.1 Required strength shall be calculated in accordance with the factored load
combinations in Section 405.
407.4.1.2 Required strength shall be calculated in accordance with the analysis procedures in
Section 406.
407.4.1.3 For prestressed slabs, effects of reactions induced by prestressing shall be
considered in accordance with Section 405.3.1 1.
407.4.2 Factored Moment
407.4.2.1 For slabs built integrally with supports, Mu at the support shall be permitted to be
calculated at the face of support.
407.4.3 Factored Shear
407.4.3.1 For slabs built integrally with supports, Vu at the support shall be permitted to be
407.7 Reinforcement Detailing
407.7.1 General
407.7.1.1 Concrete cover for reinforcement shall be in accordance with Section 420.6.1.
407.7.1.2 Development lengths of deformed and prestressed reinforcement shall be in
accordance with Section 425.4.
407.7.1.3 Splices of deformed reinforcement shall be in accordance with Section 425.5.
407.7.1.4 Bundled bars shall be in accordance with Section 425.6
407.7.2 Reinforcement Spacing
407.7.2.1 Minimum spacing s shall be in accordance with Section 425.2.
407.7.2.2 For non-prestressed and Class C prestressed slabs, spacing of bonded longitudinal
reinforcement closest to the tension face shall not exceed s calculated in accordance with
Section 424.3.
407.7.2.3 Maximum spacing s of deformed reinforcement shall be the lesser of 3/i and 450
mm.
407.7.2.4 Spacing of reinforcement required by Section 407.5.2.3 shall not exceed the lesser
of 5h and 450 mm.
407.7.3 Flexural Reinforcement in Non-Prestressed Slabs
407.7.3.1 Calculated tensile or compressive force in reinforcement at each section of the slab
shall be developed on each side of that section.
407.7.3.2 Critical locations for development of reinforcement are points of maximum stress
and points along the span where bent or terminated tension reinforcement is no longer
required to resist flexure.
407.7.3.3 Reinforcement shall extend beyond the point at which it is no longer required to
resist flexure for a distance at least the greater of d and 12db> except at supports of simply-
supported spans and at free ends of cantilevers.
407.7.3.4 Continuing flexural tension reinforcement shall have an embedment length at least
€d beyond the point where bent or terminated tension reinforcement is no longer required to
resist flexure.
Steel and Metals
SECTION 502
502.3.3 Design Strength Using Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)
Design according to the provisions for Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) satisfies the
requirements of this Specification when the design strength of each structural component equals or
exceeds the required strength determined on the basis of the LRFD load combinations. All
provisions of this Specification, except for those in Section 502.3.4, shall apply.
Design shall be performed in accordance with Equation 502.3-1:
Ru ≤ ΦRn
where
Ru = required strength (LRFD)
Rn = nominal strength
Φ = resistance factor
ΦRn = design strength
502.3.4 Design for Strength Using Allowable Strength Design (ASD)

Ra ≤ Rn/Ω
where
Ra = required strength (ASD)
Ω = safety factor
Rn/Ω = allowable strength
Design Standards
The design standards used are taken from the following codes and standards:
1. National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) Vol. 1-2010 edition (PD 1096)
2. National Building Code of the Philippines
3. National Structural Code of the Philippines 2010
The structural code provides the necessary guidelines in the design and requirement for
structural systems that will be constructed. The code includes guiding principles to
ensure that the design will safeguard the public health and safety in the country. The
National Structural Code of the Philippines is the main reference for all the design
schemes throughout the project.
Loadings. The loadings include dead and live loads. The loads used in the design are based on the
information provided by the code.
Wind Loads. The wind load is calculated using specifications that is based on the procedure as stated
in NSCP 2010 6th Ed. 2010, Section 207.
Seismic Loads. The seismic load is calculated using specifications that are based on the procedures
as stated in NSCP 2010 6th Ed. 2010, Section 208.
Load Combinations. Concrete elements were designed using the following combinations:
Where load and resistance factor design (ultimate strength design) is used, structures and all portions
thereof shall resist the most critical sections from the following combinations of factored loads:
: 1.4DL
: 1.2DL + 1.6LL
: 1.2DL + 0.8L
: 1.2DL + EL
: DL + 0.7EL
: 1.2DL + 0.5LL + 1.6WL
: 0.9DL + 1.6WL
: 0.9DL + 1.0EL
Where allowable stress design (working stress design) is used, structures and all portions thereof
shall resist the most critical effects resulting from the following combinations of loads:
: D+F
: D+H+F+L+T
: D + H +F + (Lr or T)
: D + H + F + 0.75[L + T + (Lr or R)]
E
: D + H + F + (W or )
1.4
No increase in allowable stresses shall be used with these load combinations.

Design References
This design project conforms to the following codes and standards and references:
1. American Concrete Institute (ACI)

2. American Standards for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
4. National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP-2010)
5. American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC 2016)
6. Plumbing Estimates and Specification by Max Fajardo
Material Specifications:
Yield strength of concrete (f’c) = 28 MPa (28 days) for columns and beams
Yield strength of steel (fy) = 415 MPa
2. Computer Software and Programs
The structural elements within the building such as beams, columns, and slabs were
designed with the aid of software applications such as
 Excel Spreadsheet,
 Auto-CAD,
 ETABS
III. Design Development Flowchart
DESIGN SCHEME
CONCEPTUALIZATION STRUCTURE FLOOR PLAN STRUCTURAL FRAMING
GEOMETRY PLAN
CONSIDERATION OF TRADE-OFFS AND DESIGN CONSTRAINTS
FINAL DESIGN STAGE
Figure 5-1. Stages of Design Process

IV. Design Loads
1. Load Calculations
Dead Loads
Dead loads consist of the weight of all materials and fixed equipment incorporated into
the building or other structure.
Minimum Density Design Loads for Materials (kN/m3)
Concrete 23.6 kN/m3
Minimum Design Dead Loads (kPa)
DEAD LOADS
LOADS
COMPONENTS
(kPa)
GYPSUM PLASTER ON SUSPENDED METAL LATH 0.48
ACOUSTICAL FIBER BOARD 0.05
MECHANICAL DUCT ALLOWANCE 0.2
WATERPROOFING BITUMINOUS SMOOTH

0.07
SURFACE
SKY LIGHT, 10MM WIRE GLASS 0.38
TERRAZZO (38MM) 0.91
SLAB (150 MM) 3.54
TOTAL DEAD LOAD 5.18

WALL LOADS
COMPONENTS LOADS (kPa)
WINDOWS, GLASS, FRAME AND
0.38
SASH
CHB LIGHTWEIGHT (150MM, 400

2.4
GROUT, PLASTERED BOTH SIDE)
SLATE (6MM) 0.48
Live Loads
Live loads are those loads produced by the use and occupancy of the building or other
structure and do not include dead load, construction load, or environmental loads.
LIVE LOADS
COMPONENTS LOADS (kPa)
FIXED SEATS 2.9
LOBBIES 4.8
MOVABLE SEATS 4.8
STAGE AREAS 7.2
DINING ROOMS 4.8
EXIT FACILITIES 4.8
OFFICES 2.4
STORAGE (LIGHT) 6
STORES RETAIL 4.8

PARTITION, WOOD STUD PLASTERED
0.96
BOTH SIDES 50 X 100
TOTAL LIVE LOAD 12

2. Table of Summary of Load
Table 5-1. Load Summary
SUMMARY DL
LOADS
COMPONENT
(kPa)
EXHIBIT HALL (2ND - 3RD) 5.18
BALLROOM 5.18
LOBBIES (2ND - 4TH) 5.18
AUDITORIUM 4.45
OFFICE (2ND - 4TH) 5.18
HANDLING AREA 5.18
RETAIL SPACE (2ND - 4TH) 5.18
RESTAURANT (4TH) 5.18
ROOF 5.25
SKYLIGHT 5.56
SUMMARY WL
LOADS
COMPONENT
(kPa)
EXTERIOR 3.26
INTERIOR 2.78
WALL LOADS
Wall
INTERIOR kPa kN/m
Height
B1-1 5 2.78 13.9
B2-1 5 2.78 13.9
B3-1 5 2.78 13.9
B4-1 5 2.78 13.9
B5-1 5 2.78 13.9
Wall
EXTERIOR kPa kN/m
Height
B1-2 5 3.26 16.3
B2-2 5 3.26 16.3
SUMMARY LL
COMPONENT LOADS (kPa)
EXHIBIT HALL (2ND - 3RD) 4.8
BALLROOM 12
LOBBIES (2ND - 4TH) 4.8
AUDITORIUM (2nd - 3rd) 8.9
OFFICE (2ND - 4TH) 3.36
HANDLING AREA 6
RETAIL SPACE (2ND - 4TH) 5.76
RESTAURANT (4TH) 5.76
AUDITORIUM (1st) 20.9
V. Seismic Analysis
Seismic Forces Criteria
Seismic Loads are usually dealt with by assuming external forces to the building. Seismic
loads vary thru time so these are not constant in terms of time and location. The maximum story
shear force is considered to be most influential. So, in this chapter, seismic loads that are the static
loads to give the maximum story shear forces for each story are taken.
Location of Site to Nearest Fault Line

1. Seismic Analysis Flowchart
Figure 5 – 2
Seismic Analysis
Determine the closest Check the Soil Type,

distance from the nearest S (NSCP Table 208-2
fault line Soil Profile Type)
Seismic Source Type Seismic Zones (Figure 208-4 Seismic Importance

(Table 208-6) Referenced Seismic Map of Factor, (1) (Table
the Philippines) 208-1)
Near Near
Source Source Zone 4 Zone 2
Factor, Factor,
Na Na
Use Seismic Factor
Z = 0.20
Use Seismic Factor
Z = 0.40
Assign Assign
Seismic Seismic
Coeffici Coeffici
ent, Ca ent, Ca
(Table (Table
208-7) 208-8)
Ts = Cv/2.5Ca To = 0.2Ts
2. Modern-Tool Analysis
The seismic elements within the building such as shear and lateral forces were taken with the
aid of software application:
 Microsoft Excel
Table 5-2. Seismic Parameters
Location Batangas City, Batangas

Distance from Seismic Zone 25.6 km
Zone Coefficient (Z) 0.40 (Zone 4) (Table 208-3)
Occupancy Category III - Special Occupancy Structures (Table 208-1)
Soil Profile SD – Stiff Soil Profile (Table 208-2)
Seismic Source Type A (Table 208 – 6)
Near Source Factor (Na) 1.0 (Table 208 – 4)
Near Source Factor (Nv) 1.0 (Table 208 – 5)
Seismic Coefficient (Ca) 0.44 Na (Table 208 – 7)
Seismic Coefficient (Cv) 0.64 Nv (Table 208 – 8)
Importance Factor 1.0 (Table 208-1)
Response Modification Factor (R) 8.5 (Table 208-11A)
Amplification Factor (o) 2.8 (Table 208-11A)
Structure Period (T) 0.6913 (Equation 2)
Design Analysis:
 The total design base shear in a given direction shall be determined by the following equation:
(Equation 1)
𝐶𝑣𝐼
𝑉= (𝑊)
𝑅𝑇
 The value of T may be approximated from the equation: (Equation 2)
𝑇 = 𝐶𝑡 (ℎ𝑛 )3⁄4
Where:
Ct = 0.0853 for steel moment resisting frames
Ct = 0.0731 for reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames and eccentrically braced frames
Ct = 0.0488 for all other buildings
 The total design base shear need not to exceed the following: (Equation 3)
2.5𝐶𝑎 𝐼
𝑉= (𝑊)
𝑅
 The total design base shear shall not be less than the following: (Equation 4)
𝑉 = 0.11𝐶𝑎 𝐼𝑊
 In addition, for Seismic Zone 4, the total base shear shall also not be less than the following:
(Equation 5)
0.8𝑍𝑁𝑣 𝐼
𝑉= (𝑊)
𝑅
3. Table of Summary of Design Loads
Table 5-3. Vertical Distribution of Force
0.25V 2867.49
Ft 0
Use Ft 0
(V-Ft) 11470
= Storey Shear Force

Level wx hx wxhx
(kN)
Roof 18736.308 20 374726.2 0.30446 3492.1494 3492.1494
4th 27712.008 15 415680.1 0.33774 3873.8703 7366.0197
3rd 29412.126 10 294121.3 0.23897 2740.9806 10107.0003
2nd 29251.1505 5 146255.8 0.11883 1362.9775 11469.9778
Total 1230783 11469.9778
Lateral Force, kN
3492.15
3873.870
3
2740.981
1362.978
Lateral Force Distribution, kN
Figure 5-3
4.5
4 3492.1494
3.5
3 3873.8703
Floor Level
2.5
2 2740.9806
1.5
1 1362.9775
0.5
0 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
Storey Forces (Q)
Shear Force Distribution

Figure 5-4
3492.1494
Floor Level
7366.0197
10107.0003
11469.9778
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000

Storey Shear Forces
Table 5-4. Building Weight with Respect to Members
Summary
2nd 3rd 4th Roof
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kN)
Beam 7135.224 7144.782 6604.224 6114.288
Column 4322.783 3646.2 3157.68 1504.5
Slab 9745.164 9745.164 9745.164 9750.24
Skylight 314.64
Wall 2734.56 2734.56 2734.56 1367.28
LL 5313.42 5313.42 5155.74
Total 29251.15 29412.13 27712.01 18736.308
Table 5-5. Building Weight with Respect to Loads
Summary (Load)
2nd 3rd 4th Roof
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kN)
DL 23937.73 23270.71 22556.27 18736.31
LL 5313.42 5313.42 5155.74 0
Total 29251.15 28584.13 27712.01 18736.31
Table 5-5. Total Building Weight
Summary (Floor)
2nd 3rd 4th Roof
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kN)
Load 29251.15 28584.13 27712.01 18736.31
Total 104283.5925
Figure. Design Response Spectrum
VI. Frame Analysis
The four-storey Convention Center is designed as a reinforced concrete structure that will resist
all loads on the structure and deforms within its limits for construction and use. The Ultimate Strength
Design (USD) is the method used in the design of all the structural elements of the structure (beams,
slabs, columns, and shear walls). All design procedures conform with the current codes and standards
indicated in the National Structural Code of the Philippines 2010 (NSCP).

1. Frame Analysis Flowchart
Figure 5-5. Frame Analysis Flowchart
Compressive Strength: 28
GEOMETRIC FINAL DESIGN
mPa (ALL)
MODELING
Steel Yield Strength:
415 mPa (Beam, Slab,

DESIGN Columns) STRUCTURAL
SPECIFICATION ANALYSIS
USD AND
MATERIAL PRELIMINARY
WSD
PROPERTIES DESIGN
SYSTEM
TRADE-OFF DECIDED
LOAD MODELS
VALIDATION TRADE-OFF
TRADE-OFF
LOADINGS
VALIDATION DEAD LOAD
LIVE LOAD
EARTHQUAKE LOAD
WIND LOAD
2. Modern-tool Analysis
The structural elements within the building such as moments and axial forces were taken
with the aid of the software application:
 ETABS
Figure 5-6. Framing System

I. USD
1 Loads
This chapter provides loading information as applied to the model.
1.1 Load Patterns
Table 1.1 - Load Patterns

Self
Name Type Weight Auto Load
Multiplier
Dead Dead 0
Live Live 0
Ex Seismic 0 ASCE 7-16
Ey Seismic 0 ASCE 7-16
Wx Wind 0 ASCE 7-16
Wy Wind 0 ASCE 7-16
Superimposed
Wall 1
Dead
Selfweight Dead 1
1.2 Load Cases

Table 1.2 - Load Cases - Summary
Name Type
Dead Linear Static
Live Linear Static
Selfweight Linear Static
Wall Linear Static
Ex Linear Static
Ey Linear Static
Wx Linear Static
Wy Linear Static
Response
RS
Spectrum
Wall1 Linear Static
Selfweight1 Linear Static
II. WSD
1 Loads
This chapter provides loading information as applied to the model.
1.1 Load Patterns
Table 1.1 - Load Patterns

Self
Name Type Weight Auto Load
Multiplier
Dead Dead 0
Live Live 0
Ex Seismic 0 ASCE 7-16
Ey Seismic 0 ASCE 7-16
Wx Wind 0 ASCE 7-16
Wy Wind 0 ASCE 7-16
Superimposed
Wall 1
Dead
Selfweight Dead 1
1.2 Load Cases

Table 1.2 - Load Cases - Summary
Name Type
Dead Linear Static
Live Linear Static
Selfweight Linear Static
Wall Linear Static
Ex Linear Static
Ey Linear Static
Wx Linear Static
Wy Linear Static
Response
RS
Spectrum
Wall1 Linear Static
Selfweight1 Linear Static
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3. Table of Summary of Design Loads

Table 5-6. Summary Report (USD)
Analysis Results
This chapter provides analysis results.
2.1 Structure Results

Table 2.1 - Base Reactions
Load FX FY FZ MX MY MZ X Y Z
Case/Combo kN kN kN kN-m kN-m kN-m m m m
Dead 0 0 18102.24 716253.84 -646159.68 0 0 0 0
Live 0 0 92016 3650832 -3277584 8.185E-07 0 0 0
Selfweight 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wall 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-
511114.012
Ex -13081.5131 0 0 -1.398E-06 193368.409 0 0 0
7
7
-
277329.465
Ey 0 -19157.8944 0 0 694726.576 0 0 0
5
8
Wx 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wx 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wx 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wx 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wx 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wx 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wx 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wx 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wx 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wx 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wx 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wx 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wy 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wy 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wy 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wy 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wy 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wy 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wy 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wy 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wy 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wy 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wy 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wy 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
203346.385 182568.918 977698.094
RS Max 13464.613 15255.5693 0 0 0 0
5 2 5
3191750.21
Wall1 0 0 81561.5556 -2952256 5.706E-07 0 0 0
97
3191750.21
Selfweight1 0 0 81561.5556 -2952256 5.706E-07 0 0 0
97
1002755.37
1.4DL 0 0 25343.136 -904623.552 0 0 0 0
6
6700835.80
1.2DL+1.6LL 0 0 168948.288 -6019526 1.5E-06 0 0 0
8
3780170.20
1.2DL+0.8LL 0 0 95335.488 -3397459 8.448E-07 0 0 0
8
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Load FX FY FZ MX MY MZ X Y Z
Case/Combo kN kN kN kN-m kN-m kN-m m m m
1017080.45 613336.815
1.2DL+EL -15697.8158 0 25705.1808 -1149589 0 0 0
28 3
-
826556.931 429335.770
DL+0.7EL -10988.471 0 20889.985 908097.734 0 0 0
4 7
9
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6 2684920.60
0 0 67730.688 -2414184 5.992E-07 0 0 0
WL Max 8
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6 2684920.60
0 0 67730.688 -2414184 5.992E-07 0 0 0
WL Min 8
0.9DL+1.6WL
0 0 16292.016 644628.456 -581543.712 0 0 0 0
Max
0.9DL+1.6WL
0 0 16292.016 644628.456 -581543.712 0 0 0 0
Min
-
802204.300 613336.815
0.9DL+1.0EL -15697.8158 0 20274.5088 955740.933 0 0 0
8 3
2
Table 2.2 - Response Spectrum Modal Information

U1 U2 U3
Response U1 U2 U3
Modal Period Damping Accelerati Accelerati Accelerati
Spectrum Mode Amplitude Amplitude Amplitude
case sec Ratio on on on
Case mm mm mm
mm/sec² mm/sec² mm/sec²
RS Modal1 1 1.761 0.05 646.46 646.46 0 -914.014 -4148.304 0
RS Modal1 2 1.269 0.05 900.07 900.07 0 -4216.303 525.246 0
RS Modal1 3 0.66 0.05 1728.72 1728.72 0 -50.72 -1673.771 0
RS Modal1 4 0.605 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 -107.572 -474.299 0
RS Modal1 5 0.385 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 -6.39 134.356 0
RS Modal1 6 0.356 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 -318.909 22.691 0
RS Modal1 7 0.314 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 31.807 -27.527 0
RS Modal1 8 0.287 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 3.136 65.684 0
RS Modal1 9 0.234 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 15.448 30.031 0
RS Modal1 10 0.228 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 -59.346 -1.465 0
RS Modal1 11 0.208 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 3.589 -62.049 0
RS Modal1 12 0.196 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 29.291 2.188 0
RS Modal1 13 0.185 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 7.678 -19.782 0
RS Modal1 14 0.174 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 -10.173 -5.347 0
RS Modal1 15 0.166 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 -4.33 -5.93 0
RS Modal1 16 0.161 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 -6.268 12.926 0
RS Modal1 17 0.159 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 2.493 12.3 0
RS Modal1 18 0.155 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 -4.493 9.047 0
RS Modal1 19 0.141 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 -3.364 -13.128 0
RS Modal1 20 0.14 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 -4.891 -6.045 0
RS Modal1 21 0.136 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 11.168 -4.424 0
RS Modal1 22 0.124 0.05 1733.94 1733.94 0 -4.278 4.19 0
RS Modal1 23 0.121 0.05 1707.5 1707.5 0 1.588 0.224 0
RS Modal1 24 0.114 0.05 1656.19 1656.19 0 0.755 -0.904 0
RS Modal1 25 0.108 0.05 1606.12 1606.12 0 -1.036 -2.19 0
RS Modal1 26 0.106 0.05 1586.26 1586.26 0 -3.872 -3.649 0
RS Modal1 27 0.103 0.05 1561.86 1561.86 0 2.501 1.211 0
RS Modal1 28 0.103 0.05 1557.35 1557.35 0 -0.588 1.522 0
RS Modal1 29 0.094 0.05 1490.8 1490.8 0 0.642 -2.355 0
RS Modal1 30 0.093 0.05 1478.77 1478.77 0 0.334 -0.301 0
RS Modal1 31 0.093 0.05 1475.95 1475.95 0 -2.268 -0.985 0
RS Modal1 32 0.089 0.05 1447.88 1447.88 0 0.089 -0.606 0
RS Modal1 33 0.087 0.05 1433.01 1433.01 0 -1.061 0.989 0
RS Modal1 34 0.086 0.05 1422.81 1422.81 0 0.254 -0.821 0
RS Modal1 35 0.084 0.05 1403.56 1403.56 0 0.138 0.212 0
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U1 U2 U3
Response U1 U2 U3
Case mm mm mm
RS Modal1 36 0.083 0.05 1394.7 1394.7 0 -0.553 0.757 0
RS Modal1 37 0.079 0.05 1366.06 1366.06 0 -0.097 -0.334 0
RS Modal1 38 0.076 0.05 1335.46 1335.46 0 0.22 0.296 0
RS Modal1 39 0.075 0.05 1330.41 1330.41 0 -0.198 -0.115 0
RS Modal1 40 0.07 0.05 1288.56 1288.56 0 0.348 0.105 0
RS Modal1 41 0.069 0.05 1280.78 1280.78 0 -0.131 -0.115 0
RS Modal1 42 0.068 0.05 1267.55 1267.55 0 -0.086 -0.032 0
RS Modal1 43 0.065 0.05 1248.26 1248.26 0 -0.115 0.109 0
RS Modal1 44 0.065 0.05 1244.71 1244.71 0 0.106 -0.007 0
RS Modal1 45 0.063 0.05 1226.67 1226.67 0 0.023 -0.024 0
RS Modal1 46 0.062 0.05 1221.89 1221.89 0 0.061 -0.059 0
RS Modal1 47 0.062 0.05 1218.69 1218.69 0 -0.025 -0.136 0
RS Modal1 48 0.061 0.05 1209.45 1209.45 0 -0.076 -0.074 0
RS Modal1 49 0.059 0.05 1200.34 1200.34 0 0.019 0.012 0
RS Modal1 50 0.059 0.05 1194.37 1194.37 0 -0.076 0.008 0
2.2 Story Results

Table 2.3 - Story Drifts
Load X Y Z
Story Direction Drift Label
Case/Combo m m m
Story4 Dead X 4.4E-05 104 66 0 20
Story4 Live X 0.000184 95 48 0 20
Story4 Ex X 0.003434 33 60 66 20
Story4 Ey X 0.003856 95 48 0 20
Story4 Ey Y 0.006549 48 0 30 20
Story4 RS Max X 0.004272 98 54 0 20
Story4 RS Max Y 0.004194 2 0 60 20
Story4 Wall1 X 0.000163 104 66 0 20
Story4 Selfweight1 X 0.000163 104 66 0 20
Story4 1.4DL X 6.1E-05 104 66 0 20
Story4 1.2DL+1.6LL X 0.000346 95 48 0 20
Story4 1.2DL+0.8LL X 0.000199 98 54 0 20
Story4 1.2DL+EL X 0.004067 33 60 66 20
Story4 DL+0.7EL X 0.002841 33 60 66 20
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6
Story4 X 0.000144 104 66 0 20
WL Max
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6
Story4 X 0.000144 104 66 0 20
WL Min
0.9DL+1.6WL
Story4 X 3.9E-05 104 66 0 20
Max
0.9DL+1.6WL
Story4 X 3.9E-05 104 66 0 20
Min
Story4 0.9DL+1.0EL X 0.004078 33 60 66 20
Story3 Dead X 3.8E-05 95 48 0 15
Story3 Live X 0.000183 104 66 0 15
Story3 Ex X 0.003774 3 0 66 15
Story3 Ey Y 0.009258 1 0 54 15
Story3 RS Max X 0.004475 104 66 0 15
Story3 RS Max Y 0.005114 2 0 60 15
Story3 Wall1 X 0.000138 95 48 0 15
Story3 1.4DL X 5.3E-05 95 48 0 15
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Load X Y Z
Case/Combo m m m
Story3 1.2DL+1.6LL X 0.000338 104 66 0 15
Story3 1.2DL+0.8LL X 0.000191 104 66 0 15
Story3 1.2DL+EL X 0.004482 3 0 66 15
Story3 DL+0.7EL X 0.003132 3 0 66 15
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6
Story3 X 0.000136 104 66 0 15
WL Max
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6
Story3 X 0.000136 104 66 0 15
WL Min
0.9DL+1.6WL
Story3 X 3.4E-05 95 48 0 15
Max
0.9DL+1.6WL
Story3 X 3.4E-05 95 48 0 15
Min
Story3 0.9DL+1.0EL X 0.004492 3 0 66 15
Story2 Dead X 2.7E-05 104 66 0 10
Story2 Dead Y 7E-06 79 0 18 10
Story2 Live X 0.000147 104 66 0 10
Story2 Live Y 3.2E-05 79 0 18 10
Story2 Ex X 0.003219 27 48 66 10
Story2 Ey Y 0.009037 2 0 60 10
Story2 RS Max X 0.003858 101 60 0 10
Story2 RS Max Y 0.004724 2 0 60 10
Story2 Wall1 X 9.6E-05 104 66 0 10
Story2 Selfweight1 X 9.6E-05 104 66 0 10
Story2 1.4DL X 3.8E-05 104 66 0 10
Story2 1.4DL Y 9E-06 79 0 18 10
Story2 1.2DL+1.6LL X 0.000267 104 66 0 10
Story2 1.2DL+1.6LL Y 6E-05 79 0 18 10
Story2 1.2DL+0.8LL X 0.00015 104 66 0 10
Story2 1.2DL+0.8LL Y 3.4E-05 79 0 18 10
Story2 1.2DL+EL X 0.003833 27 48 66 10
Story2 1.2DL+EL Y 0.000801 3 0 66 10
Story2 DL+0.7EL X 0.00268 27 48 66 10
Story2 DL+0.7EL Y 0.000562 3 0 66 10
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6
Story2 X 0.000106 104 66 0 10
WL Max
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6
Story2 Y 2.4E-05 79 0 18 10
WL Max
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6
Story2 X 0.000106 104 66 0 10
WL Min
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6
Story2 Y 2.4E-05 79 0 18 10
WL Min
0.9DL+1.6WL
Story2 X 2.5E-05 104 66 0 10
Max
0.9DL+1.6WL
Story2 Y 6E-06 79 0 18 10
Max
0.9DL+1.6WL
Story2 X 2.5E-05 104 66 0 10
Min
0.9DL+1.6WL
Story2 Y 6E-06 79 0 18 10
Min
Story2 0.9DL+1.0EL X 0.003839 27 48 66 10
Story2 0.9DL+1.0EL Y 0.000799 3 0 66 10
Story1 Dead X 1.1E-05 79 0 18 5
Story1 Live X 6.5E-05 79 0 18 5
Story1 Ex X 0.001731 3 0 66 5
Story1 Ex Y 0.000437 79 0 18 5
Story1 Ey Y 0.005565 3 0 66 5
Story1 RS Max X 0.001926 3 0 66 5
Story1 RS Max Y 0.003051 3 0 66 5
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Load X Y Z
Case/Combo m m m
Story1 Wall1 X 4.1E-05 95 48 0 5
Story1 1.4DL X 1.6E-05 79 0 18 5
Story1 1.2DL+1.6LL X 0.000117 79 0 18 5
Story1 1.2DL+0.8LL X 6.5E-05 79 0 18 5
Story1 1.2DL+EL X 0.002064 3 0 66 5
Story1 1.2DL+EL Y 0.000527 79 0 18 5
Story1 DL+0.7EL X 0.001444 3 0 66 5
Story1 DL+0.7EL Y 0.000369 79 0 18 5
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6
Story1 X 4.6E-05 79 0 18 5
WL Max
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6
Story1 X 4.6E-05 79 0 18 5
WL Min
0.9DL+1.6WL
Story1 X 1E-05 79 0 18 5
Max
0.9DL+1.6WL
Story1 X 1E-05 79 0 18 5
Min
Story1 0.9DL+1.0EL X 0.002067 3 0 66 5
Story1 0.9DL+1.0EL Y 0.000526 79 0 18 5
Table 2.4 - Story Forces

Load P VX VY T MX MY
Story Location
Case/Combo kN kN kN kN-m kN-m kN-m
Story4 Dead Top 4555.44 0.9257 -0.0544 -36.1312 178770.24 -163626.48
-
178770.511
Story4 Dead Bottom 4555.44 0.9257 -0.0544 -36.1312 163621.851
8
5
Story4 Live Top 0 4.5072 -0.2746 -177.0917 0 0
Story4 Live Bottom 0 4.5072 -0.2746 -177.0917 1.3732 22.5359
Story4 Selfweight Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Selfweight Bottom 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wall Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wall Bottom 0 0 0 0 0 0
183770.530
Story4 Ex Top 0 -4719.7031 -6.9625 9.913E-07 -1.375E-06
4
183770.530
Story4 Ex Bottom 0 -4719.7031 -6.9625 34.8125 -23598.5153
4
Story4 Ey Top 0 -9.8407 -6513.7722 -233795.192 5.598E-07 0
Story4 Ey Bottom 0 -9.8407 -6513.7722 -233795.192 32568.8608 -49.2036
Story4 Wx 1 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wx 1 Bottom 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wx 2 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wx 3 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wx 4 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wx 5 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wx 6 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wx 7 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wx 8 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wx 9 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Story Location
Story4 Wx 10 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wx 11 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wx 12 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wy 1 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wy 1 Bottom 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wy 2 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wy 3 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wy 4 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wy 5 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wy 6 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wy 7 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wy 8 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wy 9 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wy 10 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wy 11 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wy 12 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
370117.547
Story4 RS Max Top 0 5549.1858 4271.3531 9.503E-07 1.321E-06
3
370117.547
Story4 RS Max Bottom 0 5549.1858 4271.3531 21356.7656 27745.929
3
-
Story4 Wall1 Top 15409.3498 3.4102 -0.0526 -128.1255 602342.667 555121.903
4
-
741954.425
Story4 Wall1 Bottom 19120.5415 3.4102 -0.0526 -128.1255 701785.284
8
4
-
Story4 Selfweight1 Top 15409.3498 3.4102 -0.0526 -128.1255 602342.667 555121.903
4
-
741954.425
Story4 Selfweight1 Bottom 19120.5415 3.4102 -0.0526 -128.1255 701785.284
8
4
Story4 1.4DL Top 6377.616 1.296 -0.0761 -50.5837 250278.336 -229077.072
-
250278.716
Story4 1.4DL Bottom 6377.616 1.296 -0.0761 -50.5837 229070.592
6
1
Story4 1.2DL+1.6LL Top 5466.528 8.3223 -0.5047 -326.7042 214524.288 -196351.776
-
214526.811
Story4 1.2DL+1.6LL Bottom 5466.528 8.3223 -0.5047 -326.7042 196310.164
4
4
Story4 1.2DL+0.8LL Top 5466.528 4.7166 -0.285 -185.0308 214524.288 -196351.776
74
CE Projects 2 2019
Story Location
-
214525.712
Story4 1.2DL+0.8LL Bottom 5466.528 4.7166 -0.285 -185.0308 196328.193
8
1
-
220473.330 253853.740
Story4 1.2DL+EL Top 6468.7248 -5662.3292 -8.4322 232349.601
1 8
6
-
220473.330 253895.901
Story4 1.2DL+EL Bottom 6468.7248 -5662.3292 -8.4322 260661.247
1 9
5
-
154325.550
Story4 DL+0.7EL Top 5256.9778 -3963.4823 -5.9112 206300.857 188824.957
1
9
-
154325.550 206330.413
Story4 DL+0.7EL Bottom 5256.9778 -3963.4823 -5.9112 208642.369
1 2
5
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6
Story4 Top 5466.528 3.3644 -0.2026 -131.9033 214524.288 -196351.776
WL Max
-
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6 214525.300
Story4 Bottom 5466.528 3.3644 -0.2026 -131.9033 196334.953
WL Max 8
9
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6
Story4 Top 5466.528 3.3644 -0.2026 -131.9033 214524.288 -196351.776
WL Min
-
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6 214525.300
Story4 Bottom 5466.528 3.3644 -0.2026 -131.9033 196334.953
WL Min 8
9
0.9DL+1.6WL
Story4 Top 4099.896 0.8331 -0.0489 -32.5181 160893.216 -147263.832
Max
-
0.9DL+1.6WL 160893.460
Story4 Bottom 4099.896 0.8331 -0.0489 -32.5181 147259.666
Max 7
4
0.9DL+1.6WL
Story4 Top 4099.896 0.8331 -0.0489 -32.5181 160893.216 -147263.832
Min
-
0.9DL+1.6WL 160893.460
Story4 Bottom 4099.896 0.8331 -0.0489 -32.5181 147259.666
Min 7
4
-
220484.169 200222.668
Story4 0.9DL+1.0EL Top 5102.0928 -5662.6069 -8.4159 183261.657
5 8
6
220484.169 200264.748
Story4 0.9DL+1.0EL Bottom 5102.0928 -5662.6069 -8.4159 -211574.692
5 3
-
345086.191
Story3 Dead Top 8747.28 2.0108 -0.1322 -78.694 312934.011
8
5
-
345086.852
8
6
1216945.37
Story3 Live Top 30672 10.1843 -0.6772 -401.4956 -1092505
32
1216948.75
Story3 Live Bottom 30672 10.1843 -0.6772 -401.4956 -1092455
92
362399.146
Story3 Ex Top 0 -9311.1932 -17.2207 34.8125 -23598.5153
4
362399.146
Story3 Ex Bottom 0 -9311.1932 -17.2207 120.9159 -70154.4812
4
-
Story3 Ey Top 0 -24.2624 -13142.5397 472034.306 32568.8608 -49.2036
5
-
Story3 Ey Bottom 0 -24.2624 -13142.5397 472034.306 98281.5594 -170.5157
5
Story3 Wx 1 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
75
CE Projects 2 2019
Story Location
Story3 Wx 2 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wx 3 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wx 4 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wx 5 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wx 6 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wx 7 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wx 8 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wx 9 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wx 10 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wx 11 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wx 12 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wy 1 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wy 2 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wy 3 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wy 4 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wy 5 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wy 6 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wy 7 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wy 8 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wy 9 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wy 10 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wy 11 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wy 12 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
676994.939
Story3 RS Max Top 0 9137.17 9104.7676 21356.7656 27745.929
1
676994.939
1
1369228.00
Story3 Wall1 Top 35210.297 7.3797 -0.1417 -277.7889 -1285414
88
1521087.14
Story3 Wall1 Bottom 39218.384 7.3797 -0.1417 -277.7889 -1442115
51
76
CE Projects 2 2019
Story Location
1369228.00
Story3 Selfweight1 Top 35210.297 7.3797 -0.1417 -277.7889 -1285414
88
1521087.14
Story3 Selfweight1 Bottom 39218.384 7.3797 -0.1417 -277.7889 -1442115
51
-
483120.668
Story3 1.4DL Top 12246.192 2.8151 -0.1851 -110.1715 438107.616
6
1
-
483121.593
Story3 1.4DL Bottom 12246.192 2.8151 -0.1851 -110.1715 438093.540
9
7
2361216.02
Story3 1.2DL+1.6LL Top 59571.936 18.7078 -1.2421 -736.8257 -2123530
74
2361222.23
Story3 1.2DL+1.6LL Bottom 59571.936 18.7078 -1.2421 -736.8257 -2123436
81
1387659.72
Story3 1.2DL+0.8LL Top 35034.336 10.5604 -0.7004 -415.6292 -1249525
88
1387663.23
07
-
434767.230 490064.167
Story3 1.2DL+EL Top 12421.1376 -11170.5765 -20.8525 472684.514
2 5
7
-
434767.230
Story3 1.2DL+EL Bottom 12421.1376 -11170.5765 -20.8525 490168.43 528537.397
2
4
-
304324.470 398258.707
Story3 DL+0.7EL Top 10094.3611 -7819.0818 -14.6179 380948.602
1 9
1
-
304324.470 398331.797
1 5
4
-
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6 1022576.11
Story3 Top 25832.736 7.5051 -0.4972 -295.1805 921773.545
WL Max 68
9
-
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6 1022578.60
Story3 Bottom 25832.736 7.5051 -0.4972 -295.1805 921736.020
WL Max 3
4
-
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6 1022576.11
Story3 Top 25832.736 7.5051 -0.4972 -295.1805 921773.545
WL Min 68
9
-
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6 1022578.60
Story3 Bottom 25832.736 7.5051 -0.4972 -295.1805 921736.020
WL Min 3
4
-
0.9DL+1.6WL 310577.572
Story3 Top 7872.552 1.8097 -0.119 -70.8246 281640.610
Max 7
4
-
0.9DL+1.6WL 310578.167
Story3 Bottom 7872.552 1.8097 -0.119 -70.8246 281631.561
Max 5
9
-
0.9DL+1.6WL 310577.572
Story3 Top 7872.552 1.8097 -0.119 -70.8246 281640.610
Min 7
4
-
0.9DL+1.6WL 310578.167
Story3 Bottom 7872.552 1.8097 -0.119 -70.8246 281631.561
Min 5
9
-
434790.838 386538.309
Story3 0.9DL+1.0EL Top 9796.9536 -11171.1798 -20.8129 378804.311
4 9
2
-
434790.838 386642.374
Story3 0.9DL+1.0EL Bottom 9796.9536 -11171.1798 -20.8129 434660.210
4 2
1
-
549939.092
Story2 Dead Top 13910.4 2.828 -0.2242 -111.5967 496832.837
8
6
-
549940.213
7
9
77
CE Projects 2 2019
Story Location
2433892.75
Story2 Live Top 61344 14.7429 -1.1444 -586.0033 -2184983
92
2433898.48
13
476168.177
Story2 Ex Top 0 -12201.8768 -27.4679 120.9159 -70154.4812
2
476168.177
Story2 Ex Bottom 0 -12201.8768 -27.4679 258.2553 -131163.865
2
-
Story2 Ey Top 0 -39.998 -17591.4382 626788.867 98281.5594 -170.5157
7
-
186238.750
Story2 Ey Bottom 0 -39.998 -17591.4382 626788.867 -370.5056
4
7
Story2 Wx 1 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wx 2 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wx 3 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wx 4 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wx 5 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wx 6 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wx 7 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wx 8 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wx 9 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wx 10 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wx 11 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wx 12 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wy 1 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wy 2 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wy 3 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wy 4 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wy 5 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wy 6 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wy 7 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
78
CE Projects 2 2019
Story Location
Story2 Wy 8 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wy 9 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wy 10 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wy 11 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wy 12 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
879594.583
Story2 RS Max Top 0 11859.133 13223.0184 66005.7317 71520.8666
5
879594.583 130563.399 124952.662
Story2 RS Max Bottom 0 11859.133 13223.0184
5 3 1
2164577.36
Story2 Wall1 Top 55468.6897 10.3592 -0.2708 -392.7797 -2012205
33
2344430.13
37
2164577.36
33
2344430.13
37
-
769914.729
Story2 1.4DL Top 19474.56 3.9591 -0.3139 -156.2354 695565.972
9
7
769916.299
Story2 1.4DL Bottom 19474.56 3.9591 -0.3139 -156.2354 -695546.177
2
4554155.32
Story2 1.2DL+1.6LL Top 114842.88 26.9822 -2.1001 -1071.5212 -4092171
61
4554165.82
64
2607041.11
Story2 1.2DL+0.8LL Top 65767.68 15.1879 -1.1845 -602.7186 -2344185
87
2607047.04
14
571243.345 781058.610
Story2 1.2DL+EL Top 19752.768 -14638.2364 -33.2798 -789688.007
3 8
571243.345 781225.009
Story2 1.2DL+EL Bottom 19752.768 -14638.2364 -33.2798 -862879.189
3 9
-
399852.486 634731.282
Story2 DL+0.7EL Top 16052.6016 -10246.313 -23.3317 632274.858
2 4
9
399852.486 634847.941
Story2 DL+0.7EL Bottom 16052.6016 -10246.313 -23.3317 -683506.424
2 1
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6 1876873.29
Story2 Top 47364.48 10.765 -0.8412 -426.9177 -1688691
WL Max 1
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6 1876877.49
Story2 Bottom 47364.48 10.765 -0.8412 -426.9177 -1688637
WL Max 71
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6 1876873.29
Story2 Top 47364.48 10.765 -0.8412 -426.9177 -1688691
WL Min 1
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6 1876877.49
Story2 Bottom 47364.48 10.765 -0.8412 -426.9177 -1688637
WL Min 71
-
0.9DL+1.6WL 494945.183
Story2 Top 12519.36 2.5452 -0.2018 -100.437 447149.553
Max 5
9
-
0.9DL+1.6WL 494946.192
Story2 Bottom 12519.36 2.5452 -0.2018 -100.437 447136.828
Max 3
1
-
0.9DL+1.6WL 494945.183
Story2 Top 12519.36 2.5452 -0.2018 -100.437 447149.553
Min 5
9
-
0.9DL+1.6WL 494946.192
Story2 Bottom 12519.36 2.5452 -0.2018 -100.437 447136.828
Min 3
1
79
CE Projects 2 2019
Story Location
-
571276.824
Story2 0.9DL+1.0EL Top 15579.648 -14639.0848 -33.2126 616076.883 640638.155
3
7
-
571276.824 616242.945
3 7
7
-
716255.893
Story1 Dead Top 18102.24 3.3147 -0.2648 -131.0372 646130.857
7
9
-
716257.217
8
5
3650842.48
Story1 Live Top 92016 17.5657 -1.3418 -699.3201 -3277437
13
3650849.19
01
526915.822
Story1 Ex Top 0 -13482.9078 -35.7907 258.2553 -131163.865
5
526915.822
Story1 Ex Bottom 0 -13482.9078 -35.7907 437.2089 -198578.404
5
-
186238.750
Story1 Ey Top 0 -53.4155 -19788.6126 701378.898 -370.5056
4
1
-
285181.813
Story1 Ey Bottom 0 -53.4155 -19788.6126 701378.898 -637.5831
5
1
Story1 Wx 1 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wx 2 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wx 3 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wx 4 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wx 5 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wx 6 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wx 7 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wx 8 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wx 9 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wx 10 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wx 11 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wx 12 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wy 1 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wy 2 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
80
CE Projects 2 2019
Story Location
Story1 Wy 3 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wy 4 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wy 5 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wy 6 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wy 7 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wy 8 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wy 9 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wy 10 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wy 11 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wy 12 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
991207.575 130563.399 124952.662
Story1 RS Max Top 0 13811.7083 15471.2927
9 3 1
991207.575 205962.119 187399.806
9 2 6
2985503.95
Story1 Wall1 Top 76202.4182 12.148 -0.313 -461.999 -2749065
24
3191754.11
02
2985503.95
24
3191754.11
02
1002758.25
Story1 1.4DL Top 25343.136 4.6405 -0.3707 -183.4521 -904583.201
12
-
1002760.10
Story1 1.4DL Bottom 25343.136 4.6405 -0.3707 -183.4521 904559.998
49
4
6700855.04
Story1 1.2DL+1.6LL Top 168948.288 32.0828 -2.4646 -1276.1568 -6019256
24
6700867.36
54
3780181.05
Story1 1.2DL+0.8LL Top 95335.488 18.0302 -1.3912 -716.7008 -3397306
74
3780188.01
34
632112.914 1017393.27
Story1 1.2DL+EL Top 25705.1808 -16174.7825 -43.3249 -1074902
1 55
632112.914 1017609.89
Story1 1.2DL+EL Bottom 25705.1808 -16174.7825 -43.3249 -1155776
1 99
-
442458.073 826776.235
Story1 DL+0.7EL Top 20889.985 -11321.8174 -30.3698 855812.656
9 8
6
-
442458.073 826928.084
9 8
7
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6 2684928.31
Story1 Top 67730.688 12.7605 -0.9887 -506.9047 -2414075
WL Max 31
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6 2684933.25
Story1 Bottom 67730.688 12.7605 -0.9887 -506.9047 -2414012
WL Max 63
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6 2684928.31
Story1 Top 67730.688 12.7605 -0.9887 -506.9047 -2414075
WL Min 31
81
CE Projects 2 2019
Story Location
1.2DL+0.5LL+1.6 2684933.25
Story1 Bottom 67730.688 12.7605 -0.9887 -506.9047 -2414012
WL Min 63
-
0.9DL+1.6WL 644630.304
Story1 Top 16292.016 2.9832 -0.2383 -117.9335 581517.772
Max 3
1
-
0.9DL+1.6WL
Story1 Bottom 16292.016 2.9832 -0.2383 -117.9335 644631.496 581502.856
Max
1
-
0.9DL+1.6WL 644630.304
Story1 Top 16292.016 2.9832 -0.2383 -117.9335 581517.772
Min 3
1
-
0.9DL+1.6WL
Story1 Bottom 16292.016 2.9832 -0.2383 -117.9335 644631.496 581502.856
Min
1
-
632152.225 802516.507
Story1 0.9DL+1.0EL Top 20274.5088 -16175.7769 -43.2454 881063.198
3 3
9
-
632152.225 802732.734
3 6
5
Table 2.5 - Story Stiffness

Stiffness Stiffness
Load Shear X Drift X Shear Y Drift Y
Story X Y
Case kN mm kN mm
kN/m kN/m
Story4 Ex 4719.7031 15.548 303559.467 6.9625 1.148 0
Story3 Ex 9311.1932 16.713 557127.201 17.2207 1.698 0
Story2 Ex 12201.8768 14.28 854481.461 27.4679 1.66 0
1868391.79
Story1 Ex 13482.9078 7.216 35.7907 1.12 0
6
Story4 Ey 9.8407 9.721 0 6513.7722 18.32 355553.364
Story3 Ey 24.2624 11.076 0 13142.5397 25.201 521512.796
Story2 Ey 39.998 10.435 0 17591.4382 24.281 724491.558
1331293.10
Story1 Ey 53.4155 5.355 0 19788.6126 14.864
3
Story4 RS 5549.1858 18.369 302099.768 4271.3531 13.551 315204.032
Story3 RS 9137.17 19.208 475697.169 9104.7676 16.339 557250.373
Story2 RS 11859.133 16.475 719826.078 13223.0184 15.037 879342.52
1684820.74 1622171.00
Story1 RS 13811.7083 8.198 15471.2927 9.537
7 9
2.3 Modal Results
Table 2.6 - Modal Participating Mass Ratios (Part 1 of 2)

Period
Case Mode UX UY UZ Sum UX Sum UY Sum UZ
sec
Modal1 1 1.761 0.0176 0.362 0 0.0176 0.362 0
Modal1 2 1.269 0.7158 0.0111 0 0.7334 0.3731 0
Modal1 3 0.66 0.0004 0.4165 0 0.7338 0.7896 0
Modal1 4 0.605 0.0023 0.0454 0 0.7361 0.835 0
Modal1 5 0.385 0.0001 0.0222 0 0.7362 0.8572 0
Modal1 6 0.356 0.1717 0.0009 0 0.9078 0.858 0
82
CE Projects 2 2019
Period
sec
Modal1 7 0.314 0.0028 0.0021 0 0.9106 0.8601 0
Modal1 8 0.287 3.933E-05 0.0173 0 0.9107 0.8774 0
Modal1 9 0.234 0.0021 0.008 0 0.9128 0.8855 0
Modal1 10 0.228 0.0353 2.151E-05 0 0.9481 0.8855 0
Modal1 11 0.208 0.0002 0.0554 0 0.9483 0.9409 0
Modal1 12 0.196 0.0158 0.0001 0 0.9641 0.941 0
Modal1 13 0.185 0.0013 0.0089 0 0.9654 0.9499 0
Modal1 14 0.174 0.003 0.0008 0 0.9684 0.9507 0
Modal1 15 0.166 0.0007 0.0012 0 0.9691 0.952 0
Modal1 16 0.161 0.0016 0.0067 0 0.9707 0.9587 0
Modal1 17 0.159 0.0003 0.0064 0 0.971 0.9651 0
Modal1 18 0.155 0.0009 0.0038 0 0.9719 0.969 0
Modal1 19 0.141 0.0008 0.0119 0 0.9727 0.9809 0
Modal1 20 0.14 0.0017 0.0026 0 0.9744 0.9835 0
Modal1 21 0.136 0.0098 0.0015 0 0.9842 0.985 0
Modal1 22 0.124 0.0022 0.0021 0 0.9864 0.9871 0
Modal1 23 0.121 0.0003 6.859E-06 0 0.9867 0.9871 0
Modal1 24 0.114 0.0001 0.0001 0 0.9868 0.9873 0
Modal1 25 0.108 0.0003 0.0011 0 0.9871 0.9884 0
Modal1 26 0.106 0.004 0.0035 0 0.9911 0.9919 0
Modal1 27 0.103 0.0019 0.0005 0 0.993 0.9924 0
Modal1 28 0.103 0.0001 0.0007 0 0.9931 0.9931 0
Modal1 29 0.094 0.0002 0.0026 0 0.9933 0.9958 0
Modal1 30 0.093 0.0001 4.685E-05 0 0.9934 0.9958 0
Modal1 31 0.093 0.0027 0.0005 0 0.9961 0.9963 0
Modal1 32 0.089 4.981E-06 0.0002 0 0.9961 0.9966 0
Modal1 33 0.087 0.0008 0.0007 0 0.9969 0.9973 0
Modal1 34 0.086 4.871E-05 0.0005 0 0.9969 0.9978 0
Modal1 35 0.084 1.651E-05 3.888E-05 0 0.9969 0.9978 0
Modal1 36 0.083 0.0003 0.0005 0 0.9972 0.9983 0
Modal1 37 0.079 1.074E-05 0.0001 0 0.9972 0.9985 0
Modal1 38 0.076 0.0001 0.0001 0 0.9973 0.9986 0
Modal1 39 0.075 0.0001 1.977E-05 0 0.9974 0.9986 0
Modal1 40 0.07 0.0003 2.342E-05 0 0.9976 0.9986 0
Modal1 41 0.069 3.854E-05 3.007E-05 0 0.9977 0.9987 0
Modal1 42 0.068 1.871E-05 2.531E-06 0 0.9977 0.9987 0
Modal1 43 0.065 3.99E-05 3.57E-05 0 0.9977 0.9987 0
Modal1 44 0.065 3.495E-05 0 0 0.9977 0.9987 0
Modal1 45 0.063 1.998E-06 2.025E-06 0 0.9978 0.9987 0
Modal1 46 0.062 1.425E-05 1.312E-05 0 0.9978 0.9987 0
Modal1 47 0.062 2.509E-06 0.0001 0 0.9978 0.9988 0
Modal1 48 0.061 2.473E-05 2.337E-05 0 0.9978 0.9988 0
Modal1 49 0.059 1.63E-06 6.839E-07 0 0.9978 0.9988 0
Modal1 50 0.059 2.859E-05 0 0 0.9978 0.9988 0

Case Mode RX RY RZ Sum RX Sum RY Sum RZ
Modal1 1 0.1215 0.0061 0.397 0.1215 0.0061 0.397
Modal1 2 0.004 0.317 0.007 0.1256 0.323 0.404
Modal1 3 0.1282 0.0002 0.3303 0.2538 0.3233 0.7343
Modal1 4 0.2971 0.007 0.0936 0.5509 0.3303 0.828
Modal1 5 0.0459 0.0001 0.0142 0.5968 0.3304 0.8422
Modal1 6 0.005 0.4221 0.0001 0.6018 0.7526 0.8422
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Modal1 7 0.0003 0.005 3.626E-05 0.602 0.7576 0.8423
Modal1 8 0.0575 0.0002 0.0138 0.6596 0.7578 0.856
Modal1 9 0.0219 0.0048 0.0473 0.6815 0.7625 0.9034
Modal1 10 4.056E-05 0.0909 0.0001 0.6815 0.8535 0.9035
Modal1 11 0.1601 0.0005 0.0296 0.8416 0.854 0.9331
Modal1 12 0.0002 0.0522 1.046E-05 0.8418 0.9062 0.9331
Modal1 13 0.0187 0.0022 0.0077 0.8605 0.9084 0.9408
Modal1 14 0.0012 0.0064 0.0042 0.8617 0.9148 0.9451
Modal1 15 0.001 0.0011 0.0001 0.8626 0.9159 0.9451
Modal1 16 0.0148 0.0047 0.0099 0.8775 0.9206 0.955
Modal1 17 0.0188 0.0007 0.0053 0.8962 0.9213 0.9603
Modal1 18 0.0108 0.0023 0.0005 0.9071 0.9236 0.9608
Modal1 19 0.0341 0.0016 0.0188 0.9411 0.9253 0.9796
Modal1 20 0.0081 0.0046 0.0003 0.9493 0.9298 0.9799
Modal1 21 0.0048 0.0254 0.0001 0.9541 0.9553 0.98
Modal1 22 0.0074 0.0072 0.0003 0.9614 0.9625 0.9803
Modal1 23 4.236E-06 0.0007 0 0.9614 0.9632 0.9803
Modal1 24 0.0004 0.0003 0.0007 0.9618 0.9635 0.981
Modal1 25 0.0034 0.0006 0.0026 0.9652 0.9641 0.9836
Modal1 26 0.0096 0.0109 0.0058 0.9748 0.975 0.9894
Modal1 27 0.0017 0.0048 0.0011 0.9765 0.9798 0.9904
Modal1 28 0.0017 0.0002 0.0009 0.9783 0.98 0.9914
Modal1 29 0.0083 0.0004 0.0037 0.9866 0.9804 0.995
Modal1 30 2.369E-05 0.0002 4.145E-05 0.9866 0.9806 0.9951
Modal1 31 0.002 0.0083 0.001 0.9886 0.9889 0.9961
Modal1 32 0.0008 1.292E-05 1.057E-05 0.9894 0.989 0.9961
Modal1 33 0.0021 0.0023 0.0009 0.9915 0.9913 0.997
Modal1 34 0.0014 0.0001 0.0002 0.9929 0.9914 0.9973
Modal1 35 2.269E-05 2.817E-05 3.849E-06 0.9929 0.9914 0.9973
Modal1 36 0.0021 0.0009 0.0005 0.9951 0.9923 0.9978
Modal1 37 0.0005 1.957E-05 0 0.9955 0.9923 0.9978
Modal1 38 0.0003 0.0002 3.838E-05 0.9959 0.9925 0.9978
Modal1 39 0.0001 0.0001 1.111E-05 0.996 0.9927 0.9978
Modal1 40 0.0001 0.0007 4.07E-06 0.996 0.9934 0.9978
Modal1 41 0.0001 0.0001 0.0003 0.9961 0.9935 0.9981
Modal1 42 2.11E-05 0.0001 2.495E-05 0.9962 0.9936 0.9981
Modal1 43 0.0001 0.0001 0 0.9962 0.9937 0.9981
Modal1 44 1.402E-06 0.0001 0.0001 0.9962 0.9938 0.9982
Modal1 45 1.164E-05 6.05E-06 4.389E-05 0.9962 0.9938 0.9983
Modal1 46 4.699E-05 3.722E-05 0.0002 0.9963 0.9938 0.9985
Modal1 47 0.0002 5.048E-06 0 0.9965 0.9938 0.9985
Modal1 48 0.0001 0.0001 4.098E-05 0.9966 0.9939 0.9985
Modal1 49 2.422E-06 5.738E-06 7.327E-06 0.9966 0.9939 0.9985
Modal1 50 2.489E-06 0.0001 0.0001 0.9966 0.994 0.9986
Table 2.7 - Modal Load Participation Ratios

Static Dynamic
Case Item Type Item
% %
Modal1 Acceleration UX 100 99.78
Modal1 Acceleration UY 100 99.88
Modal1 Acceleration UZ 0 0
Table 2.8 - Modal Direction Factors
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Period
Case Mode UX UY UZ RZ
sec
Modal1 1 1.761 0.023 0.471 0 0.506
Modal1 2 1.269 0.978 0.014 0 0.008
Modal1 3 0.66 0.001 0.505 0 0.494
Modal1 4 0.605 0.018 0.638 0 0.344
Modal1 5 0.385 0.012 0.744 0 0.244
Modal1 6 0.356 0.977 0.014 0 0.009
Modal1 7 0.314 0.023 0.015 0 0.962
Modal1 8 0.287 0.005 0.779 0 0.215
Modal1 9 0.234 0.042 0.035 0 0.923
Modal1 10 0.228 0.931 0.004 0 0.066
Modal1 11 0.208 0.006 0.914 0 0.08
Modal1 12 0.196 0.991 0.002 0 0.007
Modal1 13 0.185 0.084 0.211 0 0.704
Modal1 14 0.174 0.052 0.242 0 0.706
Modal1 15 0.166 0.029 0.062 0 0.909
Modal1 16 0.161 0.074 0.147 0 0.778
Modal1 17 0.159 0.029 0.271 0 0.7
Modal1 18 0.155 0.009 0.084 0 0.907
Modal1 19 0.141 0.041 0.29 0 0.669
Modal1 20 0.14 0.01 0.03 0 0.96
Modal1 21 0.136 0.462 0.278 0 0.26
Modal1 22 0.124 0.355 0.287 0 0.358
Modal1 23 0.121 0.008 0.004 0 0.987
Modal1 24 0.114 0.005 0.028 0 0.967
Modal1 25 0.108 0.01 0.029 0 0.961
Modal1 26 0.106 0.176 0.306 0 0.518
Modal1 27 0.103 0.143 0.247 0 0.611
Modal1 28 0.103 0.007 0.022 0 0.971
Modal1 29 0.094 0.19 0.195 0 0.615
Modal1 30 0.093 0.043 0.041 0 0.915
Modal1 31 0.093 0.284 0.266 0 0.45
Modal1 32 0.089 0.011 0.14 0 0.849
Modal1 33 0.087 0.1 0.108 0 0.792
Modal1 34 0.086 0.033 0.134 0 0.833
Modal1 35 0.084 0 0.003 0 0.997
Modal1 36 0.083 0.102 0.371 0 0.527
Modal1 37 0.079 0.006 0.022 0 0.973
Modal1 38 0.076 0.002 0.011 0 0.987
Modal1 39 0.075 0.001 0.003 0 0.996
Modal1 40 0.07 0.008 0.004 0 0.988
Modal1 41 0.069 0.003 0.001 0 0.996
Modal1 42 0.068 0.018 0.008 0 0.974
Modal1 43 0.065 0 0 0 1
Modal1 44 0.065 0.023 0 0 0.977
Modal1 45 0.063 0.001 0.001 0 0.998
Modal1 46 0.062 0 0.001 0 0.999
Modal1 47 0.062 0 0.001 0 0.999
Modal1 48 0.061 0.001 0.002 0 0.997
Modal1 49 0.059 0.005 0.005 0 0.99
Modal1 50 0.059 0.001 0.001 0 0.998
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Table 5-8. Summary Report (WSD)

2 Analysis Results
This chapter provides analysis results.
2.1 Structure Results

Table 2.1 - Base Reactions
Load
FX FY FZ MX MY MZ X Y Z
Case/Com
kN kN kN kN-m kN-m kN-m m m m
bo
Dead 0 0 18102.24 716253.84 -646159.68 0 0 0 0
Live 0 0 92016 3650832 -3277584 8.426E-07 0 0 0
Selfweight 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wall 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-
569691.118
Ex -14662.0352 0 0 -1.191E-06 215055.202 0 0 0
9
5
-
301843.878
Ey 0 -20995.4485 0 1.15E-06 757959.937 0 0 0
9
3
Wx 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wx 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wx 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wx 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wx 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wx 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wx 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wx 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wx 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wx 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wx 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wx 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wy 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wy 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wy 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wy 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wy 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wy 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wy 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wy 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wy 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wy 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wy 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wy 12 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0
220032.654 212518.961 1084792.59
RS Max 15710.8035 16301.0627 0 0 0 0
6 5 72
3588893.81
Wall1 0 0 92484.7885 -3334476 6.308E-07 0 0 0
97
3588893.81
Selfweight1 0 0 92484.7885 -3334476 6.308E-07 0 0 0
97
D 0 0 18102.24 716253.84 -646159.68 0 0 0 0
D+0.6WX
0 0 18102.24 716253.84 -646159.68 0 0 0 0
Max
D+0.6WX
0 0 18102.24 716253.84 -646159.68 0 0 0 0
Min
D+0.6WY
0 0 18102.24 716253.84 -646159.68 0 0 0 0
Max
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Load
Case/Com
bo
D+0.6WY
0 0 18102.24 716253.84 -646159.68 0 0 0 0
Min
-
406759.458
D+EX/1.4 -10468.6931 0 18102.24 716253.84 799709.094 0 0 0
9
6
-
931770.369
D+EY/1.4 0 -14990.7503 18102.24 -646159.68 541183.395 0 0 0
6
3
D+L 0 0 110118.24 4367085.84 -3923744 1.007E-06 0 0 0
284300.543
DWal1 0 0 11051658 -10241157 1.997E-06 0 0 0
8
390911.780
DWal2 0 0 15314181 -14022269 3.06E-06 0 0 0
4
335702.180
DWal3 Max 0 0 13123682 -12055719 2.554E-06 0 0 0
4
335702.180
DWal3 Min 0 0 13123682 -12055719 2.554E-06 0 0 0
4
335702.180
DWal4 Max 0 0 13123682 -12055719 2.554E-06 0 0 0
4
335702.180
DWal4 Min 0 0 13123682 -12055719 2.554E-06 0 0 0
4
335702.180
DWal5 Max 0 0 13123682 -12055719 2.554E-06 0 0 0
4
335702.180
DWal5 Min 0 0 13123682 -12055719 2.554E-06 0 0 0
4
335702.180
DWal6 Max 0 0 13123682 -12055719 2.554E-06 0 0 0
4
335702.180
DWal6 Min 0 0 13123682 -12055719 2.554E-06 0 0 0
4
182764.635 7104637.33
DWal7 Max 0 0 -6583601 1.284E-06 0 0 0
3 14
182764.635 7104637.33
DWal7 Min 0 0 -6583601 1.284E-06 0 0 0
3 14
182764.635 7104637.33
DWal8 Max 0 0 -6583601 1.284E-06 0 0 0
3 14
182764.635 7104637.33
DWal8 Min 0 0 -6583601 1.284E-06 0 0 0
3 14
182764.635 7104637.33
DWal9 Max 0 0 -6583601 1.284E-06 0 0 0
3 14
182764.635 7104637.33
DWal9 Min 0 0 -6583601 1.284E-06 0 0 0
3 14
DWal10 182764.635 7104637.33
0 0 -6583601 1.284E-06 0 0 0
Max 3 14
182764.635 7104637.33
DWal10 Min 0 0 -6583601 1.284E-06 0 0 0
3 14
356009.362 569691.118
DWal11 -14662.0352 0 13913086 -13002285 0 0 0
1 9
-
356009.362
DWal12 14662.0352 0 13913086 -12572175 569691.118 0 0 0
1
9
-
356009.362
DWal13 0 -20995.4485 14214930 -12787230 757959.937 0 0 0
1
3
356009.362 757959.937
DWal14 0 20995.4485 13611242 -12787230 0 0 0
1 3
162457.453 6315233.18 569691.118
DWal15 -14662.0352 0 -6067145 0 0 0
6 35 9
-
162457.453 6315233.18
DWal16 14662.0352 0 -5637035 569691.118 0 0 0
6 35
9
-
162457.453 6617077.06
DWal17 0 -20995.4485 -5852090 757959.937 0 0 0
6 24
3
162457.453 6013389.30 757959.937
DWal18 0 20995.4485 -5852090 0 0 0
6 45 3
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Load
Case/Com
bo
DWal19 356009.362 1084792.59
15710.8035 16301.0627 14133119 -12574711 0 0 0
Max 1 72
356009.362
DWal19 Min -15710.8035 -16301.0627 13693053 -12999749 -1084793 0 0 0
1
DWal20 162457.453 6535265.83 1084792.59
15710.8035 16301.0627 -5639571 0 0 0
Max 6 81 72
162457.453 6095200.52
DWal20 Min -15710.8035 -16301.0627 -6064609 -1084793 0 0 0
6 88
Table 2.2 - Response Spectrum Modal Information

U1 U2 U3
Response U1 U2 U3
Case mm mm mm
RS Modal1 1 1.682 0.05 677.45 677.45 0 -938.476 -4269.947 0
RS Modal1 2 1.212 0.05 938.34 938.34 0 -4262.546 572.33 0
RS Modal1 3 0.676 0.05 1695.5 1695.5 0 77.716 1780.886 0
RS Modal1 4 0.592 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 111.864 520.481 0
RS Modal1 5 0.391 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 -2.846 142.673 0
RS Modal1 6 0.356 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 -337.711 31.756 0
RS Modal1 7 0.307 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 -24.34 17.458 0
RS Modal1 8 0.296 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 3.803 73.933 0
RS Modal1 9 0.237 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 20.389 38.715 0
RS Modal1 10 0.225 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 -62.165 2.673 0
RS Modal1 11 0.212 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 -1.358 69.725 0
RS Modal1 12 0.195 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 -30.24 0.553 0
RS Modal1 13 0.182 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 -2.637 19.823 0
RS Modal1 14 0.173 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 10.351 0.647 0
RS Modal1 15 0.164 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 4.416 0.189 0
RS Modal1 16 0.16 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 0.451 4.128 0
RS Modal1 17 0.159 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 1.223 -17.77 0
RS Modal1 18 0.157 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 -7.903 7.7 0
RS Modal1 19 0.142 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 6.556 12.584 0
RS Modal1 20 0.141 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 -0.982 -5 0
RS Modal1 21 0.137 0.05 1770.89 1770.89 0 10.658 -5.51 0
RS Modal1 22 0.126 0.05 1750.18 1750.18 0 4.893 -3.655 0
RS Modal1 23 0.117 0.05 1678.67 1678.67 0 1.549 0.874 0
RS Modal1 24 0.114 0.05 1654.73 1654.73 0 1.003 3.194 0
RS Modal1 25 0.109 0.05 1611.06 1611.06 0 2.459 3.418 0
RS Modal1 26 0.106 0.05 1587.94 1587.94 0 3.305 2.661 0
RS Modal1 27 0.103 0.05 1562.67 1562.67 0 1.951 0.805 0
RS Modal1 28 0.102 0.05 1554.42 1554.42 0 -0.164 -1.561 0
RS Modal1 29 0.095 0.05 1495.52 1495.52 0 -0.884 -2.363 0
RS Modal1 30 0.095 0.05 1492.96 1492.96 0 -2.056 0.444 0
RS Modal1 31 0.091 0.05 1458.1 1458.1 0 -0.117 0.45 0
RS Modal1 32 0.089 0.05 1442.19 1442.19 0 0.994 -0.767 0
RS Modal1 33 0.088 0.05 1434.26 1434.26 0 0.685 -1.032 0
RS Modal1 34 0.086 0.05 1422.25 1422.25 0 0.155 0.219 0
RS Modal1 35 0.084 0.05 1403.6 1403.6 0 -0.497 0.786 0
RS Modal1 36 0.084 0.05 1400.44 1400.44 0 -0.212 -0.058 0
RS Modal1 37 0.08 0.05 1369.55 1369.55 0 -0.095 -0.244 0
RS Modal1 38 0.076 0.05 1339.16 1339.16 0 0.159 0.24 0
RS Modal1 39 0.075 0.05 1332.41 1332.41 0 0.197 0.108 0
RS Modal1 40 0.07 0.05 1291.78 1291.78 0 0.286 0.048 0
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U1 U2 U3
Response U1 U2 U3
Case mm mm mm
RS Modal1 41 0.07 0.05 1289.4 1289.4 0 0.249 0.141 0
RS Modal1 42 0.068 0.05 1275.2 1275.2 0 0.049 0.026 0
RS Modal1 43 0.066 0.05 1255.36 1255.36 0 -0.185 0.038 0
RS Modal1 44 0.066 0.05 1250.86 1250.86 0 0.082 -0.121 0
RS Modal1 45 0.064 0.05 1236.06 1236.06 0 -0.02 0.006 0
RS Modal1 46 0.063 0.05 1226.12 1226.12 0 -0.054 0.101 0
RS Modal1 47 0.062 0.05 1219.59 1219.59 0 -0.021 0.133 0
RS Modal1 48 0.061 0.05 1209.94 1209.94 0 0.049 0.069 0
RS Modal1 49 0.06 0.05 1202.43 1202.43 0 -0.05 -0.034 0
RS Modal1 50 0.059 0.05 1199.65 1199.65 0 -0.074 0.027 0
2.2 Story Results
Table 2.3 - Story Drifts

Load
X Y Z
Story Case/Com Direction Drift Label
m m m
bo
Story4 Dead X 3.9E-05 46 66 48 20
Story4 Live X 0.000162 104 66 0 20
Story4 Ex X 0.003077 33 60 66 20
Story4 Ey X 0.003175 95 48 0 20
Story4 Ey Y 0.005599 49 0 36 20
Story4 RS Max X 0.00396 98 54 0 20
Story4 RS Max Y 0.003865 1 0 54 20
Story4 Wall1 X 0.000163 104 66 0 20
Story4 D X 3.9E-05 46 66 48 20
D+0.6WX
Story4 X 3.9E-05 46 66 48 20
Max
D+0.6WX
Story4 X 3.9E-05 46 66 48 20
Min
D+0.6WY
Story4 X 3.9E-05 46 66 48 20
Max
D+0.6WY
Story4 X 3.9E-05 46 66 48 20
Min
Story4 D+EX/1.4 X 0.002159 33 60 66 20
Story4 D+EY/1.4 X 0.002305 98 54 0 20
Story4 D+EY/1.4 Y 0.003994 49 0 36 20
Story4 D+L X 0.0002 104 66 0 20
Story4 DWal1 X 0.000512 195 63 12 20
Story4 DWal2 X 0.000697 104 66 0 20
Story4 DWal3 Max X 0.0006 104 66 0 20
Story4 DWal3 Min X 0.0006 104 66 0 20
Story4 DWal4 Max X 0.0006 104 66 0 20
Story4 DWal4 Min X 0.0006 104 66 0 20
Story4 DWal5 Max X 0.0006 104 66 0 20
Story4 DWal5 Min X 0.0006 104 66 0 20
Story4 DWal6 Max X 0.0006 104 66 0 20
Story4 DWal6 Min X 0.0006 104 66 0 20
Story4 DWal7 Max X 0.000329 195 63 12 20
Story4 DWal7 Min X 0.000329 195 63 12 20
Story4 DWal8 Max X 0.000329 195 63 12 20
Story4 DWal8 Min X 0.000329 195 63 12 20
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Load
X Y Z
m m m
bo
Story4 DWal9 Max X 0.000329 195 63 12 20
Story4 DWal9 Min X 0.000329 195 63 12 20
DWal10
Story4 X 0.000329 195 63 12 20
Max
Story4 DWal10 Min X 0.000329 195 63 12 20
Story4 DWal11 X 0.002517 3 0 66 20
Story4 DWal12 X 0.003649 36 66 66 20
Story4 DWal13 X 0.003808 104 66 0 20
Story4 DWal13 Y 0.005597 48 0 30 20
Story4 DWal14 Y 0.005604 49 0 36 20
Story4 DWal15 X 0.002812 33 60 66 20
Story4 DWal16 X 0.003345 36 66 66 20
Story4 DWal17 X 0.003464 104 66 0 20
Story4 DWal17 Y 0.00559 48 0 30 20
Story4 DWal18 Y 0.005609 49 0 36 20
DWal19
Story4 X 0.003332 95 48 0 20
Max
DWal19
Story4 Y 0.003861 79 0 18 20
Max
Story4 DWal19 Min X 0.004592 104 66 0 20
Story4 DWal19 Min Y 0.003881 3 0 66 20
DWal20
Story4 X 0.003673 95 48 0 20
Max
DWal20
Story4 Y 0.003853 48 0 30 20
Max
Story4 DWal20 Min X 0.004249 98 54 0 20
Story4 DWal20 Min Y 0.003881 1 0 54 20
Story3 Dead X 3.2E-05 91 48 18 15
Story3 Live X 0.000161 46 66 48 15
Story3 Ex X 0.00346 3 0 66 15
Story3 Ey Y 0.008066 47 0 24 15
Story3 RS Max X 0.004248 104 66 0 15
Story3 RS Max Y 0.004799 2 0 60 15
Story3 Wall1 X 0.000134 95 48 0 15
Story3 D X 3.2E-05 91 48 18 15
D+0.6WX
Story3 X 3.2E-05 91 48 18 15
Max
D+0.6WX
Story3 X 3.2E-05 91 48 18 15
Min
D+0.6WY
Story3 X 3.2E-05 91 48 18 15
Max
D+0.6WY
Story3 X 3.2E-05 91 48 18 15
Min
Story3 D+EX/1.4 X 0.002439 3 0 66 15
Story3 D+EY/1.4 Y 0.005758 47 0 24 15
Story3 D+L X 0.000193 187 63 18 15
Story3 DWal1 X 0.00042 95 48 0 15
Story3 DWal2 X 0.000615 195 63 12 15
Story3 DWal3 Max X 0.000518 195 63 12 15
Story3 DWal3 Min X 0.000518 195 63 12 15
Story3 DWal4 Max X 0.000518 195 63 12 15
Story3 DWal4 Min X 0.000518 195 63 12 15
Story3 DWal5 Max X 0.000518 195 63 12 15
Story3 DWal5 Min X 0.000518 195 63 12 15
Story3 DWal6 Max X 0.000518 195 63 12 15
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Load
X Y Z
m m m
bo
Story3 DWal6 Min X 0.000518 195 63 12 15
Story3 DWal7 Max X 0.00027 95 48 0 15
Story3 DWal7 Min X 0.00027 95 48 0 15
Story3 DWal8 Max X 0.00027 95 48 0 15
Story3 DWal8 Min X 0.00027 95 48 0 15
Story3 DWal9 Max X 0.00027 95 48 0 15
Story3 DWal9 Min X 0.00027 95 48 0 15
DWal10
Story3 X 0.00027 95 48 0 15
Max
Story3 DWal10 Min X 0.00027 95 48 0 15
Story3 DWal11 X 0.002957 3 0 66 15
Story3 DWal12 X 0.003963 3 0 66 15
Story3 DWal13 X 0.004332 101 60 0 15
Story3 DWal13 Y 0.008073 47 0 24 15
Story3 DWal14 Y 0.008058 47 0 24 15
Story3 DWal15 X 0.003244 6 6 66 15
Story3 DWal16 X 0.003676 3 0 66 15
Story3 DWal17 X 0.004024 95 48 0 15
Story3 DWal17 Y 0.008074 47 0 24 15
Story3 DWal18 Y 0.008058 47 0 24 15
DWal19
Story3 X 0.003701 104 66 0 15
Max
DWal19
Story3 Y 0.004805 2 0 60 15
Max
Story3 DWal19 Min X 0.004796 104 66 0 15
Story3 DWal19 Min Y 0.004792 2 0 60 15
DWal20
Story3 X 0.004009 104 66 0 15
Max
DWal20
Story3 Y 0.004807 2 0 60 15
Max
Story3 DWal20 Min X 0.004488 95 48 0 15
Story3 DWal20 Min Y 0.00479 2 0 60 15
Story2 Dead X 2.3E-05 195 63 12 10
Story2 Live X 0.000125 152 57 48 10
Story2 Ex X 0.002977 30 54 66 10
Story2 Ey Y 0.00814 3 0 66 10
Story2 RS Max X 0.003734 101 60 0 10
Story2 RS Max Y 0.004597 3 0 66 10
Story2 Wall1 X 9.2E-05 195 63 12 10
Story2 D X 2.3E-05 195 63 12 10
D+0.6WX
Story2 X 2.3E-05 195 63 12 10
Max
D+0.6WX
Story2 X 2.3E-05 195 63 12 10
Min
D+0.6WY
Story2 X 2.3E-05 195 63 12 10
Max
D+0.6WY
Story2 X 2.3E-05 195 63 12 10
Min
Story2 D+EX/1.4 X 0.002105 30 54 66 10
Story2 D+EX/1.4 Y 0.000448 3 0 66 10
Story2 D+EY/1.4 Y 0.005814 3 0 66 10
Story2 D+L X 0.000148 195 63 12 10
Story2 DWal1 X 0.000289 195 63 12 10
Story2 DWal2 X 0.000447 195 63 12 10
Story2 DWal3 Max X 0.000373 195 63 12 10
91
CE Projects 2 2019
Load
X Y Z
m m m
bo
Story2 DWal3 Min X 0.000373 195 63 12 10
Story2 DWal4 Max X 0.000373 195 63 12 10
Story2 DWal4 Min X 0.000373 195 63 12 10
Story2 DWal5 Max X 0.000373 195 63 12 10
Story2 DWal5 Min X 0.000373 195 63 12 10
Story2 DWal6 Max X 0.000373 195 63 12 10
Story2 DWal6 Min X 0.000373 195 63 12 10
Story2 DWal7 Max X 0.000186 195 63 12 10
Story2 DWal7 Min X 0.000186 195 63 12 10
Story2 DWal8 Max X 0.000186 195 63 12 10
Story2 DWal8 Min X 0.000186 195 63 12 10
Story2 DWal9 Max X 0.000186 195 63 12 10
Story2 DWal9 Min X 0.000186 195 63 12 10
DWal10
Story2 X 0.000186 195 63 12 10
Max
Story2 DWal10 Min X 0.000186 195 63 12 10
Story2 DWal11 X 0.002628 30 54 66 10
Story2 DWal11 Y 0.00065 2 0 60 10
Story2 DWal12 X 0.003327 36 66 66 10
Story2 DWal13 X 0.004012 98 54 0 10
Story2 DWal13 Y 0.008165 3 0 66 10
Story2 DWal14 Y 0.008116 3 0 66 10
Story2 DWal15 X 0.002834 30 54 66 10
Story2 DWal15 Y 0.000636 2 0 60 10
Story2 DWal16 X 0.00312 36 66 66 10
Story2 DWal17 Y 0.008152 3 0 66 10
Story2 DWal18 Y 0.008129 3 0 66 10
DWal19
Story2 X 0.003357 101 60 0 10
Max
DWal19
Story2 Y 0.004622 2 0 60 10
Max
Story2 DWal19 Min X 0.004111 101 60 0 10
Story2 DWal19 Min Y 0.004573 3 0 66 10
DWal20
Story2 X 0.003575 101 60 0 10
Max
DWal20
Story2 Y 0.004609 3 0 66 10
Max
Story2 DWal20 Min X 0.003894 101 60 0 10
Story2 DWal20 Min Y 0.004586 3 0 66 10
Story1 Dead X 1E-05 79 0 18 5
Story1 Live X 5.5E-05 49 0 36 5
Story1 Ex X 0.001672 3 0 66 5
Story1 Ex Y 0.000427 79 0 18 5
Story1 Ey Y 0.005353 3 0 66 5
Story1 RS Max X 0.00199 3 0 66 5
Story1 RS Max Y 0.003156 3 0 66 5
Story1 Wall1 X 4E-05 104 66 0 5
Story1 Selfweight1 X 4E-05 104 66 0 5
Story1 D X 1E-05 79 0 18 5
D+0.6WX
Story1 X 1E-05 79 0 18 5
Max
D+0.6WX
Story1 X 1E-05 79 0 18 5
Min
D+0.6WY
Story1 X 1E-05 79 0 18 5
Max
92
CE Projects 2 2019
Load
X Y Z
m m m
bo
D+0.6WY
Story1 X 1E-05 79 0 18 5
Min
Story1 D+EX/1.4 X 0.001185 3 0 66 5
Story1 D+EX/1.4 Y 0.000305 79 0 18 5
Story1 D+EY/1.4 Y 0.003823 3 0 66 5
Story1 D+L X 6.5E-05 79 0 18 5
Story1 DWal1 X 0.000126 104 66 0 5
Story1 DWal2 X 0.000194 79 0 18 5
Story1 DWal3 Max X 0.000161 95 48 0 5
Story1 DWal3 Min X 0.000161 95 48 0 5
Story1 DWal4 Max X 0.000161 95 48 0 5
Story1 DWal4 Min X 0.000161 95 48 0 5
Story1 DWal5 Max X 0.000161 95 48 0 5
Story1 DWal5 Min X 0.000161 95 48 0 5
Story1 DWal6 Max X 0.000161 95 48 0 5
Story1 DWal6 Min X 0.000161 95 48 0 5
Story1 DWal7 Max X 8.1E-05 104 66 0 5
Story1 DWal7 Min X 8.1E-05 104 66 0 5
Story1 DWal8 Max X 8.1E-05 104 66 0 5
Story1 DWal8 Min X 8.1E-05 104 66 0 5
Story1 DWal9 Max X 8.1E-05 104 66 0 5
Story1 DWal9 Min X 8.1E-05 104 66 0 5
DWal10
Story1 X 8.1E-05 104 66 0 5
Max
Story1 DWal10 Min X 8.1E-05 104 66 0 5
Story1 DWal11 X 0.001516 3 0 66 5
Story1 DWal11 Y 0.000432 79 0 18 5
Story1 DWal12 X 0.001828 3 0 66 5
Story1 DWal12 Y 0.000421 79 0 18 5
Story1 DWal13 Y 0.005368 3 0 66 5
Story1 DWal14 Y 0.005339 3 0 66 5
Story1 DWal15 X 0.001609 3 0 66 5
Story1 DWal15 Y 0.00043 79 0 18 5
Story1 DWal16 X 0.001736 3 0 66 5
Story1 DWal16 Y 0.000424 79 0 18 5
Story1 DWal17 Y 0.005359 3 0 66 5
Story1 DWal18 Y 0.005347 3 0 66 5
DWal19
Story1 X 0.001834 3 0 66 5
Max
DWal19
Story1 Y 0.003171 3 0 66 5
Max
Story1 DWal19 Min X 0.002146 3 0 66 5
Story1 DWal19 Min Y 0.003142 3 0 66 5
DWal20
Story1 X 0.001927 3 0 66 5
Max
DWal20
Story1 Y 0.003163 3 0 66 5
Max
Story1 DWal20 Min X 0.002053 3 0 66 5
Story1 DWal20 Min Y 0.00315 3 0 66 5
Table 2.4 - Story Forces

Load
P VX VY T MX MY
Story Case/Com Location
kN kN kN kN-m kN-m kN-m
bo
Story4 Dead Top 4555.44 0.9124 0.0132 -34.7513 178770.24 -163626.48
93
CE Projects 2 2019
Load
P VX VY T MX MY
bo
-
178770.173
Story4 Dead Bottom 4555.44 0.9124 0.0132 -34.7513 163621.918
9
2
Story4 Live Top 0 4.3569 -0.0385 -167.525 0 0
Story4 Live Bottom 0 4.3569 -0.0385 -167.525 0.1923 21.7843
197362.406
Story4 Ex Top 0 -5090.0946 -6.5679 7.515E-07 -1.205E-06
3
197362.406
Story4 Ex Bottom 0 -5090.0946 -6.5679 32.8397 -25450.4729
3
-
Story4 Ey Top 0 -9.1688 -6884.0301 247812.053 0 0
9
-
Story4 Ey Bottom 0 -9.1688 -6884.0301 247812.053 34420.1505 -45.8442
9
Story4 Wx 1 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wx 2 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wx 3 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wx 4 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wx 5 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wx 6 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wx 7 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wx 8 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wx 9 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wx 10 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wx 11 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wx 12 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wy 1 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wy 2 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wy 3 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wy 4 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wy 5 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wy 6 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
94
CE Projects 2 2019
Load
P VX VY T MX MY
bo
Story4 Wy 7 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wy 8 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wy 9 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wy 10 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wy 11 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story4 Wy 12 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
400216.352
Story4 RS Max Top 0 6236.7717 4893.2771 7.782E-07 1.266E-06
3
400216.352
3
-
645314.172
Story4 Wall1 Top 16587.6414 3.6236 0.103 -131.889 598991.430
2
2
-
785858.252
Story4 Wall1 Bottom 20331.5269 3.6236 0.103 -131.889 746549.731
6
7
-
645314.172
Story4 Selfweight1 Top 16587.6414 3.6236 0.103 -131.889 598991.430
2
2
-
785858.252
Story4 Selfweight1 Bottom 20331.5269 3.6236 0.103 -131.889 746549.731
6
7
Story4 D Top 4555.44 0.9124 0.0132 -34.7513 178770.24 -163626.48
-
178770.173
Story4 D Bottom 4555.44 0.9124 0.0132 -34.7513 163621.918
9
2
D+0.6WX
Story4 Top 4555.44 0.9124 0.0132 -34.7513 178770.24 -163626.48
Max
-
D+0.6WX 178770.173
Story4 Bottom 4555.44 0.9124 0.0132 -34.7513 163621.918
Max 9
2
D+0.6WX
Story4 Top 4555.44 0.9124 0.0132 -34.7513 178770.24 -163626.48
Min
-
D+0.6WX 178770.173
Story4 Bottom 4555.44 0.9124 0.0132 -34.7513 163621.918
Min 9
2
D+0.6WY
Story4 Top 4555.44 0.9124 0.0132 -34.7513 178770.24 -163626.48
Max
-
D+0.6WY 178770.173
Story4 Bottom 4555.44 0.9124 0.0132 -34.7513 163621.918
Max 9
2
D+0.6WY
Story4 Top 4555.44 0.9124 0.0132 -34.7513 178770.24 -163626.48
Min
-
D+0.6WY 178770.173
Story4 Bottom 4555.44 0.9124 0.0132 -34.7513 163621.918
Min 9
2
140882.006
Story4 D+EX/1.4 Top 4555.44 -3633.4152 -4.6763 178770.24 -163626.48
8
-
140882.006 178793.621
Story4 D+EX/1.4 Bottom 4555.44 -3633.4152 -4.6763 181793.555
8 4
9
-
Story4 D+EY/1.4 Top 4555.44 -5.6342 -4915.1843 176972.557 178770.24 -163626.48
8
95
CE Projects 2 2019
Load
P VX VY T MX MY
bo
-
203346.161
Story4 D+EY/1.4 Bottom 4555.44 -5.6342 -4915.1843 176972.557 -163654.651
3
8
Story4 D+L Top 4555.44 5.2692 -0.0252 -202.2763 178770.24 -163626.48
-
178770.366
Story4 D+L Bottom 4555.44 5.2692 -0.0252 -202.2763 163600.133
2
9
2057158.01
Story4 DWal1 Top 52823.0119 11.4235 0.3068 -417.9409 -1906253
8
2450681.35
Story4 DWal1 Bottom 63305.8912 11.4235 0.3068 -417.9409 -2319410
06
1763278.30
Story4 DWal2 Top 45276.8673 16.7625 0.2014 -626.2751 -1633931
12
2100584.32
25
1763278.30
Story4 DWal3 Max Top 45276.8673 14.1484 0.2245 -525.7601 -1633931
12
2100584.20
Story4 DWal3 Max Bottom 54262.1925 14.1484 0.2245 -525.7601 -1988044
71
1763278.30
Story4 DWal3 Min Top 45276.8673 14.1484 0.2245 -525.7601 -1633931
12
2100584.20
Story4 DWal3 Min Bottom 54262.1925 14.1484 0.2245 -525.7601 -1988044
71
1763278.30
12
2100584.20
71
1763278.30
12
2100584.20
71
1763278.30
12
2100584.20
71
1763278.30
12
2100584.20
71
1763278.30
12
2100584.20
71
1763278.30
12
2100584.20
71
1322458.72
59
1575438.01
11
1322458.72
59
1575438.01
11
1322458.72
59
1575438.01
11
1322458.72
59
1575438.01
11
1322458.72
59
96
CE Projects 2 2019
Load
P VX VY T MX MY
bo
1575438.01
11
1322458.72
59
1575438.01
11
DWal10 1322458.72
Story4 Top 33957.6505 7.3437 0.1972 -268.6763 -1225448
Max 59
DWal10 1575438.01
Story4 Bottom 40696.6444 7.3437 0.1972 -268.6763 -1491049
Max 11
1322458.72
59
1575438.01
11
196806.793 1910218.15
Story4 DWal11 Top 49049.9396 -5075.1302 -6.3215 -1770092
3 96
196806.793 2275665.71
Story4 DWal11 Bottom 58784.0419 -5075.1302 -6.3215 -2179166
3 47
-
1910218.15
Story4 DWal12 Top 49049.9396 5105.059 6.8143 197918.019 -1770092
96
3
-
2275600.03
Story4 DWal12 Bottom 58784.0419 5105.059 6.8143 197918.019 -2128266
54
3
-
1910218.15
Story4 DWal13 Top 49049.9396 5.7956 -6883.7837 248367.666 -1770092
96
9
-
2310053.02
Story4 DWal13 Bottom 58784.0419 5.7956 -6883.7837 248367.666 -2153762
55
9
247256.440 1910218.15
Story4 DWal14 Top 49049.9396 24.1332 6884.2765 -1770092
9 96
247256.440 2241212.72
Story4 DWal14 Bottom 58784.0419 24.1332 6884.2765 -2153670
9 45
197123.582 1175518.86
Story4 DWal15 Top 30184.5782 -5083.5669 -6.3926 -1089287
9 74
197123.582 1400422.18
9 29
-
1175518.86
Story4 DWal16 Top 30184.5782 5096.6223 6.7432 197601.229 -1089287
74
7
-
1400356.50
Story4 DWal16 Bottom 36174.795 5096.6223 6.7432 197601.229 -1299927
35
7
-
1175518.86
Story4 DWal17 Top 30184.5782 -2.6411 -6883.8548 248050.877 -1089287
74
2
-
1434809.49
Story4 DWal17 Bottom 36174.795 -2.6411 -6883.8548 248050.877 -1325423
37
2
247573.230 1175518.86
Story4 DWal18 Top 30184.5782 15.6965 6884.2054 -1089287
5 74
247573.230 1365969.19
5 27
DWal19 399660.739 1910218.15
Story4 Top 49049.9396 6251.7361 4893.5236 -1770092
Max 3 96
DWal19 399660.739 2300099.26
Story4 Bottom 58784.0419 6251.7361 4893.5236 -2122532
Max 3 08
-
1910218.15
Story4 DWal19 Min Top 49049.9396 -6221.8073 -4893.0307 400771.965 -1770092
96
3
-
2251166.48
Story4 DWal19 Min Bottom 58784.0419 -6221.8073 -4893.0307 400771.965 -2184900
93
3
97
CE Projects 2 2019
Load
P VX VY T MX MY
bo
DWal20 399977.528 1175518.86
Story4 Top 30184.5782 6243.2994 4893.4525 -1089287
Max 9 74
DWal20 399977.528 1424855.72
Story4 Bottom 36174.795 6243.2994 4893.4525 -1294193
Max 9 89
-
1175518.86
74
7
-
1375922.95
74
7
-
345085.853
Story3 Dead Top 8747.28 2.0217 0.0023 -77.5161 312934.078
9
2
345085.842
Story3 Dead Bottom 8747.28 2.0217 0.0023 -77.5161 -312923.97
6
1216944.19
Story3 Live Top 30672 10.1816 -0.0488 -392.7107 -1092506
23
1216944.43
63
399466.212
Story3 Ex Top 0 -10295.2252 -17.1824 32.8397 -25450.4729
8
399466.212
Story3 Ex Bottom 0 -10295.2252 -17.1824 118.7518 -76926.5988
8
Story3 Ey Top 0 -24.0214 -14235.7754 -508803.615 34420.1505 -45.8442
105599.027
Story3 Ey Bottom 0 -24.0214 -14235.7754 -508803.615 -165.951
4
Story3 Wx 1 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wx 2 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wx 3 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wx 4 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wx 5 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wx 6 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wx 7 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wx 8 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wx 9 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wx 10 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wx 11 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wx 12 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wy 1 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wy 2 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
98
CE Projects 2 2019
Load
P VX VY T MX MY
bo
Story3 Wy 3 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wy 4 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wy 5 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wy 6 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wy 7 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wy 8 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wy 9 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wy 10 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wy 11 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story3 Wy 12 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
742781.143
Story3 RS Max Top 0 10575.1885 10082.2002 24466.3857 31183.8585
7
742781.143
7
1524635.36
Story3 Wall1 Top 39332.78 7.9745 0.1479 -291.8905 -1423655
13
1678279.72
Story3 Wall1 Bottom 43398.3021 7.9745 0.1479 -291.8905 -1581869
36
1524635.36
Story3 Selfweight1 Top 39332.78 7.9745 0.1479 -291.8905 -1423655
13
1678279.72
Story3 Selfweight1 Bottom 43398.3021 7.9745 0.1479 -291.8905 -1581869
36
-
345085.853
Story3 D Top 8747.28 2.0217 0.0023 -77.5161 312934.078
9
2
345085.842
Story3 D Bottom 8747.28 2.0217 0.0023 -77.5161 -312923.97
6
-
D+0.6WX 345085.853
Story3 Top 8747.28 2.0217 0.0023 -77.5161 312934.078
Max 9
2
D+0.6WX 345085.842
Story3 Bottom 8747.28 2.0217 0.0023 -77.5161 -312923.97
Max 6
-
D+0.6WX 345085.853
Story3 Top 8747.28 2.0217 0.0023 -77.5161 312934.078
Min 9
2
D+0.6WX 345085.842
Story3 Bottom 8747.28 2.0217 0.0023 -77.5161 -312923.97
Min 6
-
D+0.6WY 345085.853
Story3 Top 8747.28 2.0217 0.0023 -77.5161 312934.078
Max 9
2
D+0.6WY 345085.842
Story3 Bottom 8747.28 2.0217 0.0023 -77.5161 -312923.97
Max 6
-
D+0.6WY 345085.853
Story3 Top 8747.28 2.0217 0.0023 -77.5161 312934.078
Min 9
2
D+0.6WY 345085.842
Story3 Bottom 8747.28 2.0217 0.0023 -77.5161 -312923.97
Min 6
99
CE Projects 2 2019
Load
P VX VY T MX MY
bo
-
285141.359 345109.301
Story3 D+EX/1.4 Top 8747.28 -7348.7691 -12.266 331105.715
8 4
9
-
285141.359 345170.631
Story3 D+EX/1.4 Bottom 8747.28 -7348.7691 -12.266 367849.561
8 4
5
-
369661.841
Story3 D+EY/1.4 Top 8747.28 -15.1296 -10164.3414 363363.297 -312966.811
3
2
-
420483.548
Story3 D+EY/1.4 Bottom 8747.28 -15.1296 -10164.3414 363363.297 -313042.459
2
2
1562030.04
Story3 D+L Top 39419.28 12.2032 -0.0465 -470.2268 -1405440
62
1562030.27
Story3 D+L Bottom 39419.28 12.2032 -0.0465 -470.2268 -1405379
89
122377.975 4752099.20
Story3 DWal1 Top 25.1589 0.4173 -925.8158 -4424342
9 72
133761.437 5182303.40
Story3 DWal1 Bottom 25.1589 0.4173 -925.8158 -4867327
8 58
6020338.59
Story3 DWal2 Top 153970.608 37.8553 0.2796 -1421.8936 -5540303
96
6389085.44
58
5290172.08
42
5658918.78
41
5290172.08
42
5658918.78
41
5290172.08
42
5658918.78
41
5290172.08
42
5658918.78
41
5290172.08
42
5658918.78
41
5290172.08
42
5658918.78
41
5290172.08
42
5658918.78
41
5290172.08
42
5658918.78
41
3054920.91
89
3331480.76
08
3054920.91
89
3331480.76
08
100
CE Projects 2 2019
Load
P VX VY T MX MY
bo
3054920.91
89
3331480.76
08
3054920.91
89
3331480.76
08
3054920.91
89
3331480.76
08
3054920.91
89
3331480.76
08
DWal10 3054920.91
Story3 Top 78671.556 16.1736 0.2682 -595.1673 -2844220
Max 89
DWal10 3331480.76
Story3 Bottom 85989.4957 16.1736 0.2682 -595.1673 -3128996
Max 08
3054920.91
89
3331480.76
08
144308.691 5629640.58
Story3 DWal11 Top -10261.6817 -16.8438 398213.816 -5226274
9 15
154879.049 6029202.06
Story3 DWal11 Bottom -10261.6817 -16.8438 398213.816 -5689043
4 49
-
144308.691 5629574.90
Story3 DWal12 Top 10328.7686 17.5211 400718.609 -5175373
9 22
7
-
154879.049 6028964.56
4 12
7
-
144308.691 5664027.89
Story3 DWal13 Top 9.5221 -14235.4367 510056.011 -5200870
9 24
8
-
154879.049 6134682.34
Story3 DWal13 Bottom 9.5221 -14235.4367 510056.011 -5612282
4 04
8
144308.691 507551.218 5595187.59
Story3 DWal14 Top 57.5648 14236.114 -5200778
9 1 13
154879.049 507551.218 5923484.28
Story3 DWal14 Bottom 57.5648 14236.114 -5611951
4 1 56
398937.175 2715518.10
Story3 DWal15 Top 69930.272 -10280.8487 -16.944 -2553646
2 09
398937.175 2961434.98
2 37
-
2715452.42
Story3 DWal16 Top 69930.272 10309.6017 17.4209 399995.250 -2502745
16
4
-
Story3 DWal16 Bottom 76435.1073 10309.6017 17.4209 399995.250 2961197.48 -2704403
4
-
2749905.41
Story3 DWal17 Top 69930.272 -9.6448 -14235.5369 509332.652 -2528241
18
6
-
3066915.25
Story3 DWal17 Bottom 76435.1073 -9.6448 -14235.5369 509332.652 -2781496
93
6
508274.577 2681065.11
Story3 DWal18 Top 69930.272 38.3979 14236.0138 -2528150
4 07
508274.577 2855717.20
4 45
101
CE Projects 2 2019
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DWal19 144308.691 741528.746 5654074.12
Story3 Top 10608.7319 10082.5388 -5169640
Max 9 9 76
DWal19 154879.049 741528.746 6102991.86
Story3 Bottom 10608.7319 10082.5388 -5530213
Max 4 9 36
-
144308.691 5605141.35
Story3 DWal19 Min Top -10541.6451 -10081.8615 744033.540 -5232008
9 61
6
-
154879.049 5955174.76
Story3 DWal19 Min Bottom -10541.6451 -10081.8615 744033.540 -5694020
4 25
6
DWal20 742252.106 2739951.64
Story3 Top 69930.272 10589.565 10082.4386 -2497012
Max 1 7
DWal20 742252.106 3035224.78
Story3 Bottom 76435.1073 10589.565 10082.4386 -2699426
Max 1 24
-
2691018.87
55
4
-
2887407.68
13
4
549938.082
Story2 Dead Top 13910.4 2.8647 -0.0297 -110.4132 -496832.85
6
-
Story2 Dead Bottom 13910.4 2.8647 -0.0297 -110.4132 549938.231 496818.526
5
2433888.43
Story2 Live Top 61344 14.9243 -0.1591 -578.3142 -2184983
63
2433889.23
16
Story2 Ex Top 0 -13616.0999 -27.9411 528922.199 118.7518 -76926.5988
-
Story2 Ex Bottom 0 -13616.0999 -27.9411 528922.199 258.4573 145007.098
5
-
105599.027
Story2 Ey Top 0 -39.4415 -19222.0161 682515.458 -165.951
4
7
-
201709.107
Story2 Ey Bottom 0 -39.4415 -19222.0161 682515.458 -363.1585
8
7
Story2 Wx 1 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wx 2 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wx 3 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wx 4 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wx 5 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wx 6 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wx 7 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wx 8 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wx 9 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
102
CE Projects 2 2019
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Story2 Wx 10 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wx 11 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wx 12 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wy 1 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wy 2 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wy 3 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wy 4 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wy 5 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wy 6 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wy 7 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wy 8 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wy 9 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wy 10 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wy 11 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story2 Wy 12 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
972168.681
Story2 RS Max Top 0 13825.8415 14222.1825 73908.5506 81903.6668
9
972168.681 142936.454 144557.142
9 9 1
2443886.50
Story2 Wall1 Top 63005.7959 11.2773 0.1577 -414.2095 -2271625
51
2625704.06
45
2443886.50
51
2625704.06
45
549938.082
Story2 D Top 13910.4 2.8647 -0.0297 -110.4132 -496832.85
6
-
Story2 D Bottom 13910.4 2.8647 -0.0297 -110.4132 549938.231 496818.526
5
D+0.6WX 549938.082
Story2 Top 13910.4 2.8647 -0.0297 -110.4132 -496832.85
Max 6
-
D+0.6WX
Story2 Bottom 13910.4 2.8647 -0.0297 -110.4132 549938.231 496818.526
Max
5
D+0.6WX 549938.082
Story2 Top 13910.4 2.8647 -0.0297 -110.4132 -496832.85
Min 6
-
D+0.6WX
Story2 Bottom 13910.4 2.8647 -0.0297 -110.4132 549938.231 496818.526
Min
5
103
CE Projects 2 2019
Load
P VX VY T MX MY
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D+0.6WY 549938.082
Story2 Top 13910.4 2.8647 -0.0297 -110.4132 -496832.85
Max 6
-
D+0.6WY
Story2 Bottom 13910.4 2.8647 -0.0297 -110.4132 549938.231 496818.526
Max
5
D+0.6WY 549938.082
Story2 Top 13910.4 2.8647 -0.0297 -110.4132 -496832.85
Min 6
-
D+0.6WY
Story2 Bottom 13910.4 2.8647 -0.0297 -110.4132 549938.231 496818.526
Min
5
-
377540.036 550022.871
Story2 D+EX/1.4 Top 13910.4 -9719.0307 -19.9796 551758.441
9 4
5
-
377540.036 550122.769
Story2 D+EX/1.4 Bottom 13910.4 -9719.0307 -19.9796 600353.594
9 6
8
-
625335.788
Story2 D+EY/1.4 Top 13910.4 -25.2965 -13724.5492 487426.450 -496951.339
2
7
- -
Story2 D+EY/1.4 Bottom 13910.4 -25.2965 -13724.5492 487426.450 693958.534 497077.821
7 6
2983826.51
Story2 D+L Top 75254.4 17.789 -0.1888 -688.7274 -2681816
89
2983827.46
Story2 D+L Bottom 75254.4 17.789 -0.1888 -688.7274 -2681727
26
195890.788 7612795.52
Story2 DWal1 Top 35.5869 0.4001 -1314.365 -7056115
6 98
209204.070 8121884.90
1 4
266056.790
Story2 DWal2 Top 54.382 0.0884 -2051.9012 10419475 -9544072
2
277468.174
Story2 DWal2 Bottom 54.382 0.0884 -2051.9012 10855838 -9979952
4
229250.390 8959141.74
Story2 DWal3 Max Top 45.4274 0.1839 -1704.9128 -8233082
2 75
240661.774 9395504.86
Story2 DWal3 Max Bottom 45.4274 0.1839 -1704.9128 -8669007
4 35
229250.390 8959141.74
Story2 DWal3 Min Top 45.4274 0.1839 -1704.9128 -8233082
2 75
240661.774 9395504.86
Story2 DWal3 Min Bottom 45.4274 0.1839 -1704.9128 -8669007
4 35
229250.390 8959141.74
2 75
240661.774 9395504.86
4 35
229250.390 8959141.74
2 75
240661.774 9395504.86
4 35
229250.390 8959141.74
2 75
240661.774 9395504.86
4 35
229250.390 8959141.74
2 75
240661.774 9395504.86
4 35
229250.390 8959141.74
2 75
240661.774 9395504.86
4 35
229250.390 8959141.74
2 75
104
CE Projects 2 2019
Load
P VX VY T MX MY
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240661.774 9395504.86
4 35
125929.792 4893939.98
7 35
134488.330 5221211.72
8 4
125929.792 4893939.98
7 35
134488.330 5221211.72
8 4
125929.792 4893939.98
7 35
134488.330 5221211.72
8 4
125929.792 4893939.98
7 35
134488.330 5221211.72
8 4
125929.792 4893939.98
7 35
134488.330 5221211.72
8 4
125929.792 4893939.98
7 35
134488.330 5221211.72
8 4
DWal10 125929.792 4893939.98
Story2 Top 22.8773 0.2572 -844.9489 -4536074
Max 7 35
DWal10 134488.330 5221211.72
Story2 Bottom 22.8773 0.2572 -844.9489 -4863074
Max 8 4
125929.792 4893939.98
7 35
134488.330 5221211.72
8 4
243242.589 527123.403 9503031.60
Story2 DWal11 Top -13568.1306 -27.7286 -8814017
4 1 87
255604.922 527123.403 9975897.95
Story2 DWal11 Bottom -13568.1306 -27.7286 -9354356
2 1 69
243242.589 9502794.10
Story2 DWal12 Top 13664.0692 28.1536 -530720.995 -8660164
4 5
255604.922 9975381.04
2 22
-
243242.589 9608511.88
Story2 DWal13 Top 8.5278 -19221.8036 684314.254 -8737256
4 42
6
-
255604.922
Story2 DWal13 Bottom 8.5278 -19221.8036 684314.254 10177349 -9209712
2
6
243242.589 680716.662 9397313.82
Story2 DWal14 Top 87.4108 19222.2286 -8736925
4 7 94
255604.922 680716.662 9773930.39
2 7 17
111937.593 528171.133 4350287.62
Story2 DWal15 Top -13595.7645 -27.7125 -4108993
5 3 6
119545.182 528171.133 4641335.54
9 3 53
-
111937.593 4350050.12
Story2 DWal16 Top 13636.4353 28.1697 529673.264 -3955139
5 23
7
-
119545.182 4640818.63
9 07
7
-
111937.593 4455767.90
Story2 DWal17 Top -19.1061 -19221.7875 683266.524 -4032232
5 16
4
105
CE Projects 2 2019
Load
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-
119545.182 4842786.19
9 58
4
111937.593 681764.392 4244569.84
Story2 DWal18 Top 59.7769 19222.2447 -4031900
5 9 68
119545.182 681764.392 4439367.98
9 9 01
DWal19 243242.589 970369.885 9576821.40
Story2 Top 13873.8108 14222.395 -8655187
Max 4 9 74
DWal19 255604.922 970369.885
Story2 Bottom 13873.8108 14222.395 10118576 -9064791
Max 2 9
-
243242.589 9429004.30
4 63
8
-
255604.922 9832703.04
2 47
8
DWal20 111937.593 971417.616 4424077.42
Story2 Top 13846.1769 14222.4112 -3950162
Max 5 1 47
DWal20 119545.182 971417.616 4784013.54
Story2 Bottom 13846.1769 14222.4112 -4178175
Max 9 1 28
-
111937.593 4276260.32
5 36
6
-
119545.182 4498140.63
9 31
6
-
Story1 Dead Top 18102.24 3.364 -0.0403 -129.7337 716253.911 646130.686
5
-
716254.112
7
3
3650833.23
Story1 Live Top 92016 17.8519 -0.1699 -691.9424 -3277437
16
3650834.08
08
-
586133.518
Story1 Ex Top 0 -15080.8165 -37.0155 258.4573 145007.098
8
5
-
586133.518
Story1 Ex Bottom 0 -15080.8165 -37.0155 443.5349 220411.181
8
2
-
201709.107
Story1 Ey Top 0 -52.5063 -21663.5508 765830.711 -363.1585
8
7
-
310026.861
Story1 Ey Bottom 0 -52.5063 -21663.5508 765830.711 -625.69
8
7
Story1 Wx 1 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wx 2 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wx 3 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wx 4 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wx 5 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
106
CE Projects 2 2019
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Story1 Wx 6 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wx 7 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wx 8 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wx 9 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wx 10 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wx 11 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wx 12 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wy 1 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wy 2 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wy 3 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wy 4 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wy 5 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wy 6 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wy 7 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wy 8 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wy 9 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wy 10 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wy 11 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 Wy 12 Top 0 0 0 0 0 0
1100229.43 142936.454 144557.142
Story1 RS Max Top 0 16093.4962 16548.7264
41 9 1
1100229.43 223026.313 217719.575
41 2 3
3382538.91
Story1 Wall1 Top 87119.7602 13.2729 0.185 -488.0541 -3131277
73
3588890.85
15
3382538.91
73
3588890.85
15
-
Story1 D Top 18102.24 3.364 -0.0403 -129.7337 716253.911 646130.686
5
107
CE Projects 2 2019
Load
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-
716254.112
Story1 D Bottom 18102.24 3.364 -0.0403 -129.7337 646113.866
7
3
-
D+0.6WX
Story1 Top 18102.24 3.364 -0.0403 -129.7337 716253.911 646130.686
Max
5
-
D+0.6WX 716254.112
Story1 Bottom 18102.24 3.364 -0.0403 -129.7337 646113.866
Max 7
3
-
D+0.6WX
Story1 Top 18102.24 3.364 -0.0403 -129.7337 716253.911 646130.686
Min
5
-
D+0.6WX 716254.112
Story1 Bottom 18102.24 3.364 -0.0403 -129.7337 646113.866
Min 7
3
-
D+0.6WY
Story1 Top 18102.24 3.364 -0.0403 -129.7337 716253.911 646130.686
Max
5
-
D+0.6WY 716254.112
Story1 Bottom 18102.24 3.364 -0.0403 -129.7337 646113.866
Max 7
3
-
D+0.6WY
Story1 Top 18102.24 3.364 -0.0403 -129.7337 716253.911 646130.686
Min
5
-
D+0.6WY 716254.112
Story1 Bottom 18102.24 3.364 -0.0403 -129.7337 646113.866
Min 7
3
-
418369.598 716438.449
Story1 D+EX/1.4 Top 18102.24 -10764.339 -26.4694 749665.754
7 6
8
-
418369.598 716570.796
Story1 D+EX/1.4 Bottom 18102.24 -10764.339 -26.4694 803487.449
7 6
6
- -
Story1 D+EY/1.4 Top 18102.24 -34.1255 -15467.8156 546932.861 860274.214 646389.981
8 6
-
937613.292
Story1 D+EY/1.4 Bottom 18102.24 -34.1255 -15467.8156 546932.861 -646560.609
1
8
4367087.14
Story1 D+L Top 110118.24 21.216 -0.2102 -821.6761 -3923567
26
4367088.19
Story1 D+L Bottom 110118.24 21.216 -0.2102 -821.6761 -3923461
36
269278.464
Story1 DWal1 Top 41.8739 0.4616 -1548.1786 10473864 -9672158
7
284300.543
8
378035.712
Story1 DWal2 Top 64.455 0.1239 -2434.1181 14818931 -13534320
6
390911.780
4
322826.112
Story1 DWal3 Max Top 53.7439 0.2258 -2018.9527 12628431 -11567858
6
335702.180
Story1 DWal3 Max Bottom 53.7439 0.2258 -2018.9527 13123677 -12054993
4
322826.112
Story1 DWal3 Min Top 53.7439 0.2258 -2018.9527 12628431 -11567858
6
335702.180
Story1 DWal3 Min Bottom 53.7439 0.2258 -2018.9527 13123677 -12054993
4
322826.112
6
335702.180
4
322826.112
6
108
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335702.180
4
322826.112
6
335702.180
4
322826.112
6
335702.180
4
322826.112
6
335702.180
4
322826.112
6
335702.180
4
173107.584 6733198.57
4 11
182764.635 7104632.23
3 42
173107.584 6733198.57
4 11
182764.635 7104632.23
3 42
173107.584 6733198.57
4 11
182764.635 7104632.23
3 42
173107.584 6733198.57
4 11
182764.635 7104632.23
3 42
173107.584 6733198.57
4 11
182764.635 7104632.23
3 42
173107.584 6733198.57
4 11
182764.635 7104632.23
3 42
DWal10 173107.584 6733198.57
Story1 Top 26.9189 0.2968 -995.2577 -6217816
Max 4 11
DWal10 182764.635 7104632.23
Story1 Bottom 26.9189 0.2968 -995.2577 -6583235
Max 3 42
173107.584 6733198.57
4 11
182764.635 7104632.23
3 42
342060.288 584003.981
Story1 DWal11 Top -15024.0817 -36.7567 13376823 -12403733
6 9
356009.362 584003.981
Story1 DWal11 Bottom -15024.0817 -36.7567 13913524 -13006875
1 9
-
342060.288
Story1 DWal12 Top 15137.5514 37.2743 588263.055 13376306 -12113719
6
7
-
356009.362
Story1 DWal12 Bottom 15137.5514 37.2743 588263.055 13912637 -12566053
1
7
-
342060.288
Story1 DWal13 Top 4.2285 -21663.292 767960.248 13578274 -12259089
6
5
109
CE Projects 2 2019
Load
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-
356009.362
Story1 DWal13 Bottom 4.2285 -21663.292 767960.248 14223108 -12787090
1
5
342060.288 763701.174
Story1 DWal14 Top 109.2412 21663.8096 13174855 -12258363
6 8
356009.362 763701.174
Story1 DWal14 Bottom 109.2412 21663.8096 13603054 -12785838
1 8
153873.408 585248.845 5985323.85
Story1 DWal15 Top -15056.8886 -36.7517 -5671954
4 3 39
162457.453 585248.845 6315672.18
6 3 75
-
153873.408 5984806.93
Story1 DWal16 Top 15104.7445 37.2793 587018.192 -5381940
4 93
3
-
162457.453 6314785.11
6 77
3
-
153873.408 6186774.50
Story1 DWal17 Top -28.5784 -21663.287 766715.385 -5527310
4 44
1
-
162457.453 6625255.51
6 44
1
153873.408 764946.038 5783356.28
Story1 DWal18 Top 76.4343 21663.8146 -5526584
4 2 87
162457.453 764946.038 6005201.79
6 2 08
DWal19 342060.288 1098099.89
Story1 Top 16150.231 16548.9852 13519501 -12114169
Max 6 73
DWal19 356009.362 1098099.89
Story1 Bottom 16150.231 16548.9852 14136107 -12568744
Max 1 73
342060.288
Story1 DWal19 Min Top -16036.7613 -16548.4676 -1102359 13233628 -12403283
6
356009.362
Story1 DWal19 Min Bottom -16036.7613 -16548.4676 -1102359 13690054 -13004184
1
DWal20 153873.408 1099344.76 6128001.85
Story1 Top 16117.4241 16548.9902 -5382390
Max 4 06 14
DWal20 162457.453 1099344.76 6538254.96
Story1 Bottom 16117.4241 16548.9902 -5634044
Max 6 06 58
153873.408 5842128.94
Story1 DWal20 Min Top -16069.5682 -16548.4626 -1101114 -5671504
4 17
162457.453 6092202.33
Story1 DWal20 Min Bottom -16069.5682 -16548.4626 -1101114 -6069484
6 94
Table 2.5 - Story Stiffness

Stiffness Stiffness
Story X Y
Case kN mm kN mm
kN/m kN/m
Story4 Ex 5090.0946 13.922 365610.118 6.5679 1.021 0
Story3 Ex 10295.2252 15.269 674276.151 17.1824 1.573 0
1034965.10
Story2 Ex 13616.0999 13.156 27.9411 1.564 0
3
2164979.29
Story1 Ex 15080.8165 6.966 37.0155 1.081 0
3
Story4 Ey 9.1688 7.985 0 6884.0301 16.258 423412.143
Story3 Ey 24.0214 9.467 0 14235.7754 22.573 630642.038
Story2 Ey 39.4415 9.093 0 19222.0161 22.376 859033.95
1493604.65
Story1 Ey 52.5063 5.061 0 21663.5508 14.504
8
Story4 RS 6236.7717 17.158 363481.214 4893.2771 12.898 379382.151
Story3 RS 10575.1885 18.293 578102.733 10082.2002 15.692 642506.07
Story2 RS 13825.8415 15.857 871897.565 14222.1825 14.824 959396.883
110
CE Projects 2 2019
Stiffness Stiffness
Story X Y
Case kN mm kN mm
kN/m kN/m
1675272.96
Story1 RS 16093.4962 8.4 1915902.79 16548.7264 9.878
5
2.3 Modal Results

Period
sec
Modal1 1 1.682 0.0181 0.374 0 0.0181 0.374 0
Modal1 2 1.212 0.7209 0.013 0 0.7389 0.387 0
Modal1 3 0.676 0.0008 0.3997 0 0.7397 0.7867 0
Modal1 4 0.592 0.0025 0.0531 0 0.7422 0.8399 0
Modal1 5 0.391 8.357E-06 0.021 0 0.7422 0.8609 0
Modal1 6 0.356 0.1716 0.0015 0 0.9138 0.8624 0
Modal1 7 0.307 0.0016 0.0008 0 0.9154 0.8632 0
Modal1 8 0.296 4.519E-05 0.0171 0 0.9154 0.8803 0
Modal1 9 0.237 0.0032 0.0114 0 0.9186 0.8917 0
Modal1 10 0.225 0.0361 0.0001 0 0.9547 0.8918 0
Modal1 11 0.212 2.21E-05 0.0583 0 0.9547 0.95 0
Modal1 12 0.195 0.0152 5.089E-06 0 0.9699 0.95 0
Modal1 13 0.182 0.0002 0.0087 0 0.9701 0.9587 0
Modal1 14 0.173 0.0029 1.123E-05 0 0.9729 0.9587 0
Modal1 15 0.164 0.0006 1.192E-06 0 0.9736 0.9587 0
Modal1 16 0.16 7.425E-06 0.0006 0 0.9736 0.9593 0
Modal1 17 0.159 0.0001 0.0119 0 0.9736 0.9712 0
Modal1 18 0.157 0.0025 0.0024 0 0.9761 0.9736 0
Modal1 19 0.142 0.0025 0.0093 0 0.9787 0.9829 0
Modal1 20 0.141 0.0001 0.0015 0 0.9787 0.9844 0
Modal1 21 0.137 0.0078 0.0021 0 0.9865 0.9865 0
Modal1 22 0.126 0.0024 0.0013 0 0.9888 0.9878 0
Modal1 23 0.117 0.0003 0.0001 0 0.9892 0.9879 0
Modal1 24 0.114 0.0002 0.0016 0 0.9893 0.9896 0
Modal1 25 0.109 0.0012 0.0024 0 0.9906 0.992 0
Modal1 26 0.106 0.0026 0.0017 0 0.9932 0.9936 0
Modal1 27 0.103 0.001 0.0002 0 0.9942 0.9938 0
Modal1 28 0.102 7.722E-06 0.0007 0 0.9942 0.9945 0
Modal1 29 0.095 0.0003 0.0023 0 0.9945 0.9968 0
Modal1 30 0.095 0.0018 0.0001 0 0.9963 0.9969 0
Modal1 31 0.091 7.243E-06 0.0001 0 0.9963 0.997 0
Modal1 32 0.089 0.0006 0.0003 0 0.9969 0.9974 0
Modal1 33 0.088 0.0003 0.0007 0 0.9972 0.998 0
Modal1 34 0.086 1.625E-05 3.243E-05 0 0.9972 0.9981 0
Modal1 35 0.084 0.0002 0.0005 0 0.9974 0.9985 0
Modal1 36 0.084 3.539E-05 2.614E-06 0 0.9974 0.9985 0
Modal1 37 0.08 8.949E-06 0.0001 0 0.9974 0.9986 0
Modal1 38 0.076 3.176E-05 0.0001 0 0.9975 0.9987 0
Modal1 39 0.075 0.0001 1.537E-05 0 0.9975 0.9987 0
Modal1 40 0.07 0.0002 4.149E-06 0 0.9977 0.9987 0
Modal1 41 0.07 0.0001 3.745E-05 0 0.9978 0.9987 0
Modal1 42 0.068 5.18E-06 1.407E-06 0 0.9978 0.9987 0
Modal1 43 0.066 0.0001 3.584E-06 0 0.9979 0.9987 0
Modal1 44 0.066 1.767E-05 3.861E-05 0 0.9979 0.9988 0
Modal1 45 0.064 1.146E-06 0 0 0.9979 0.9988 0
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Period
sec
Modal1 46 0.063 9.531E-06 3.378E-05 0 0.9979 0.9988 0
Modal1 47 0.062 1.486E-06 0.0001 0 0.9979 0.9989 0
Modal1 48 0.061 9.305E-06 1.818E-05 0 0.9979 0.9989 0
Modal1 49 0.06 1.036E-05 4.77E-06 0 0.9979 0.9989 0
Modal1 50 0.059 2.329E-05 3.104E-06 0 0.998 0.9989 0

Modal1 1 0.1153 0.0062 0.3969 0.1153 0.0062 0.3969
Modal1 2 0.0044 0.3044 0.006 0.1197 0.3105 0.4029
Modal1 3 0.1342 0.0004 0.3495 0.2539 0.3109 0.7524
Modal1 4 0.299 0.0074 0.0776 0.5529 0.3183 0.83
Modal1 5 0.0454 2.02E-05 0.0129 0.5982 0.3183 0.8429
Modal1 6 0.0066 0.4429 2.17E-05 0.6048 0.7613 0.8429
Modal1 7 0.0014 0.0028 3.581E-05 0.6062 0.764 0.843
Modal1 8 0.0555 0.0002 0.0124 0.6618 0.7643 0.8554
Modal1 9 0.0316 0.0079 0.0524 0.6934 0.7722 0.9077
Modal1 10 0.0002 0.0947 3.168E-05 0.6936 0.8669 0.9078
Modal1 11 0.1688 0.0001 0.0322 0.8624 0.8669 0.94
Modal1 12 4.377E-05 0.0525 0.0002 0.8624 0.9194 0.9402
Modal1 13 0.017 0.0002 0.0095 0.8794 0.9196 0.9497
Modal1 14 3.21E-05 0.0066 0.002 0.8795 0.9262 0.9517
Modal1 15 0.0005 0.001 0.0013 0.8799 0.9272 0.9529
Modal1 16 0.0028 0.0001 0.001 0.8828 0.9273 0.9539
Modal1 17 0.0307 0.0002 0.0129 0.9135 0.9275 0.9668
Modal1 18 0.006 0.0068 0.0006 0.9195 0.9343 0.9674
Modal1 19 0.0271 0.0061 0.0143 0.9466 0.9405 0.9817
Modal1 20 0.0052 0.0001 0.0001 0.9518 0.9406 0.9818
Modal1 21 0.0063 0.0205 0.0006 0.9581 0.9611 0.9823
Modal1 22 0.0048 0.0079 0.0004 0.9629 0.969 0.9827
Modal1 23 0.0002 0.0007 0.0001 0.9631 0.9698 0.9828
Modal1 24 0.0049 0.0005 0.0035 0.968 0.9702 0.9862
Modal1 25 0.0075 0.0034 0.0039 0.9755 0.9736 0.9901
Modal1 26 0.0044 0.0069 0.0021 0.9799 0.9805 0.9922
Modal1 27 0.0008 0.0026 0.0004 0.9807 0.9831 0.9926
Modal1 28 0.0018 0.0001 0.0008 0.9825 0.9831 0.9934
Modal1 29 0.008 0.0013 0.0033 0.9905 0.9844 0.9967
Modal1 30 0.0001 0.0051 3.508E-05 0.9906 0.9895 0.9967
Modal1 31 0.0002 1.536E-05 1.053E-05 0.9908 0.9895 0.9967
Modal1 32 0.001 0.0017 0.0005 0.9918 0.9912 0.9973
Modal1 33 0.0021 0.0008 0.0004 0.994 0.9921 0.9977
Modal1 34 4.439E-05 0.0001 0 0.994 0.9921 0.9977
Modal1 35 0.0017 0.0006 0.0003 0.9957 0.9928 0.9979
Modal1 36 1.134E-05 0.0001 3.009E-05 0.9957 0.9929 0.998
Modal1 37 0.0002 1.891E-05 2.455E-06 0.9959 0.9929 0.998
Modal1 38 0.0002 0.0001 4.931E-05 0.9961 0.993 0.998
Modal1 39 0.0001 0.0001 0 0.9962 0.9931 0.998
Modal1 40 5.777E-06 0.0004 0 0.9962 0.9935 0.998
Modal1 41 0.0001 0.0003 0.0002 0.9963 0.9938 0.9983
Modal1 42 1.414E-05 2.094E-05 3.354E-05 0.9963 0.9939 0.9983
Modal1 43 8.531E-06 0.0003 0.0001 0.9963 0.9941 0.9984
Modal1 44 0.0001 2.776E-05 1.008E-05 0.9964 0.9941 0.9984
Modal1 45 0 2.885E-06 5.852E-07 0.9964 0.9941 0.9984
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Modal1 46 0.0001 2.952E-05 0.0002 0.9965 0.9942 0.9986
Modal1 47 0.0002 4.008E-06 3.283E-06 0.9967 0.9942 0.9986
Modal1 48 0.0001 2.387E-05 4.069E-05 0.9968 0.9942 0.9986
Modal1 49 1.706E-05 2.489E-05 0 0.9968 0.9942 0.9986
Modal1 50 1.227E-05 3.811E-05 0.0001 0.9968 0.9943 0.9987
Table 2.7 - Modal Load Participation Ratios

Static Dynamic
Case Item Type Item
% %
Modal1 Acceleration UX 100 99.8
Modal1 Acceleration UY 100 99.89
Modal1 Acceleration UZ 0 0
Table 2.8 - Modal Direction Factors

Period
sec
Modal1 1 1.682 0.024 0.479 0 0.498
Modal1 2 1.212 0.977 0.017 0 0.007
Modal1 3 0.676 0.001 0.499 0 0.5
Modal1 4 0.592 0.018 0.622 0 0.36
Modal1 5 0.391 0.011 0.728 0 0.26
Modal1 6 0.356 0.979 0.016 0 0.005
Modal1 7 0.307 0.012 0.022 0 0.966
Modal1 8 0.296 0.006 0.753 0 0.24
Modal1 9 0.237 0.029 0.053 0 0.918
Modal1 10 0.225 0.95 0.005 0 0.045
Modal1 11 0.212 0.003 0.931 0 0.065
Modal1 12 0.195 0.98 0.003 0 0.018
Modal1 13 0.182 0.051 0.218 0 0.731
Modal1 14 0.173 0.063 0.249 0 0.688
Modal1 15 0.164 0.04 0.031 0 0.929
Modal1 16 0.16 0.007 0.104 0 0.888
Modal1 17 0.159 0.095 0.408 0 0.496
Modal1 18 0.157 0.032 0.126 0 0.842
Modal1 19 0.142 0.075 0.299 0 0.627
Modal1 20 0.141 0.004 0.028 0 0.968
Modal1 21 0.137 0.571 0.334 0 0.095
Modal1 22 0.126 0.581 0.341 0 0.078
Modal1 23 0.117 0.007 0.004 0 0.99
Modal1 24 0.114 0.007 0.1 0 0.893
Modal1 25 0.109 0.021 0.067 0 0.912
Modal1 26 0.106 0.11 0.2 0 0.689
Modal1 27 0.103 0.096 0.233 0 0.67
Modal1 28 0.102 0.018 0.017 0 0.965
Modal1 29 0.095 0.431 0.366 0 0.203
Modal1 30 0.095 0.118 0.322 0 0.56
Modal1 31 0.091 0.022 0.05 0 0.928
Modal1 32 0.089 0.113 0.116 0 0.771
Modal1 33 0.088 0.102 0.183 0 0.715
Modal1 34 0.086 0.076 0.061 0 0.863
Modal1 35 0.084 0.172 0.475 0 0.353
Modal1 36 0.084 0.001 0.002 0 0.997
Modal1 37 0.08 0.003 0.022 0 0.975
Modal1 38 0.076 0.001 0.003 0 0.996
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Period
sec
Modal1 39 0.075 0.001 0.002 0 0.997
Modal1 40 0.07 0.003 0.002 0 0.995
Modal1 41 0.07 0.008 0.003 0 0.989
Modal1 42 0.068 0.01 0.006 0 0.984
Modal1 43 0.066 0.02 0 0 0.98
Modal1 44 0.066 0 0 0 1
Modal1 45 0.064 0.001 0 0 0.999
Modal1 46 0.063 0 0.001 0 0.999
Modal1 47 0.062 0 0 0 1
Modal1 48 0.061 0 0.001 0 0.999
Modal1 49 0.06 0 0.002 0 0.998
Modal1 50 0.059 0.001 0.002 0 0.997
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Chapter 4. Structural Analysis and Design

Reinforced Concrete Design
I. Ultimate Strength Design
Select concrete dimensions and reinforcements so that the member strength are
adequate to resist forces resulting from certain hypothetical overload stages,
significantly above loads expected actually to occur in service. The design concept is
known as “strength design.” Based on strength design the nominal strength of a
member must be calculated on the basis of inelastic behavior of material. In other
words, both reinforcing steel and concrete behave inelastically at ultimate strength
condition.
a. Beam
b. Column
c. Slab
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A. Beam
1. Figure 5-7. Design Flowchart Design
Parameters
Compute for 𝑀𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 =

∅𝑓′𝑐𝑏𝑑 2 𝜔(1 0.59𝜔) Compute for 𝜔 =
𝑓𝑦 3 0.85𝑓 ′𝑐𝛽
𝑓′𝑐
Compute 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( )
7 𝑓𝑦
Design as 0.85𝑓 ′𝑐
Y or N Solve for 𝑅 = Solve for = (1
𝑓𝑦
Singly 𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝜔(1
2𝑅
Max Mu Reinforced 0.59𝜔) ට1 )
0.85𝑓′𝑐
> Mu Beam
Compute for ρmin
Design as Doubly
Reinforced Beam
Y or N
Use ρmin Use ρ
ρmin < ρ
Compute for As1
and As2
Solve for As
Compute for depth of compression

𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦
block, 𝑎 =
0.85𝑓′𝑐𝑏
𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦
Compute for depth of compression block, 𝑎 =
0.85𝑓′𝑐𝑏
600(𝑐−𝑑 ′ )
Check if Steel yields > 600(𝑐−𝑑 ′ )
𝑐 Check if Steel yields > 𝑓𝑦, 𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠
𝑐
𝑓𝑦, 𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠
Compute As2 Serviceability Requirement
Serviceability Requirement Moment Capacity
Moment Capacity
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2. Sample Design:
BEAM OF CRITICAL MEMBER
b = 550 mm f'c = 28 Mpa

h = 650 mm fy = 415 Mpa
Mu = 318.5362 kN-m c = 75 mm
φ = 0.9 β 0.85
db = 16 mm Ab = 201
Required ρ:
ρ = (0.85f'c/fy)(1-(sqrt(1-(2R/0.85f'c))))
R = Mu
φbd^2
R = 1.52
ρ = 0.0038
ρmin = 0.0033735
ρmax = 0.0208916
use ρ = 0.0038
Singly Reinforced
Beam Size
ω = 0.0563214
d = 775
b = 387.5 say 400 mm
h = 868 say 900 mm
Reinforcement
d = 807
As = 1226.64
Ab = 201
n = 6.1 say 8 bars
Asnew = 1608
Compute for a and c

a = 70.1 mm
c = 82.47 mm
Check Steel Stress
fs = 5271.23 Mpa
fs > fy Steel Yields
fs > 1000 φ 0.90
Compute Mu for checking:
Mu = 463.65
therefore SAFE
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SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
DATA:
fy = 415 mpa B = 550 dia = 10
f'c = 28 mpa h = 650 Ab = 79
Vu = 150.5726 d = 575 Av = 158
φ = 0.75 c = 75
Vc = 0.17(sqrt f'c)bd
= 284.48
φVc = 213.36
1/2 φVc = 106.68
0.33(sqrt f'c)bwd = 552.23
0.66(sqrt f'c)bwd = 1104.47
CONDITIONS
IF Vu > φVc Stirrups are required -
IF Vu < φVc but Vu > 1/2 φVc Solve for A vmin Solve for Avmin
IF Vu < 1/2 φVc Stirrups are not required -
Shear Strength
Vn = Vu/φ
= -
Vs = Vn - Vc
= - -
-
Spacing of Stirrups
S = Avfyd / Vs
= - -
- -
Use 0
Minimum Area of Stirrups
Avmin = 0.062(sqrt f'c)(bwS/fy)
S = 360 Smax = d/4 or 300
140 140
USE 10φ @140mm OC
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3. Table of Summary
Table 5-10. Preliminary Beam Schedule
At Support At Midspan At Center
Dimension Diameter
Beam Bottom Top Bottom Top Reinforcement
of Bar
B H Reinforecement Reinforcement reinforecement Reinforcement Bars
Left 350 500 16 6 - - 4 -
B1 Middle 350 500 16 8 - - 6 -
Right 350 500 16 8 - - 6 -
Left 500 600 16 12 - - 10 -
B2 Middle 500 600 16 14 - - 12 -
FIRST FLOOR LEVEL
Right 500 600 16 16 - - 14 -

Left 550 650 16 12 - - 10 2
B3 Middle 550 650 16 14 - - 12 2
Right 550 650 16 14 - - 12 2
Left 400 550 16 8 - - 6 -
B4 Middle 400 550 16 8 - - 6 -
Right 400 550 16 8 - - 6 -
Left 400 500 16 8 - - 6 -
B5 Middle 400 500 16 10 - - 8 -
Right 400 500 16 8 - - 6 -
Left 350 500 16 8 - - 6 -

B1 Middle 350 500 16 8 - - 6 -
Right 350 500 16 8 - - 6 -
Left 500 600 16 12 - - 10 -
B2
SECOND FLOOR LEVEL
Middle 500 600 16 14 - - 12 -

Right 500 600 16 12 - - 10 -
Left 550 650 16 12 - - 10 2
B3 Middle 550 650 16 14 - - 12 2
Right 550 650 16 12 - - 10 2
Left 400 550 16 8 - - 6 -
B4 Middle 400 550 16 10 - - 8 -
Right 400 550 16 10 - - 8 -
Left 400 500 16 18 - - 16 -
B5 Middle 400 500 16 10 - - 8 -
Right 400 500 16 8 - - 6 -
Left 350 500 16 8 - - 6 -

B1 Middle 350 500 16 8 - - 6 -
Right 350 500 16 8 - - 6 -
Left 500 600 16 12 - - 10 -
B2 Middle 500 600 16 14 - - 12 -
THIRD FLOOR LEVEL
Right 500 600 16 12 - - 10 -

Left 550 650 16 12 - - 10 2
B3 Middle 550 650 16 14 - - 12 2
Right 550 650 16 12 - - 10 2
Left 400 550 16 8 - - 6 -
B4 Middle 400 550 16 10 - - 8 -
Right 400 550 16 8 - - 6 -
Left 400 500 16 10 - - 8 -
B5 Middle 400 500 16 10 - - 8 -
Right 400 500 16 10 - - 8 -
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Left 350 500 16 6 - - 4 -
B1 Middle 350 500 16 6 - - 4 -
Right 350 500 16 8 - - 6 -
FOURTH FLOOR LEVEL
Left 500 600 16 12 - - 10 -

B2 Middle 500 600 16 12 - - 10 -
Right 500 600 16 12 - - 10 -
Left 550 650 16 12 - - 10 2
B3 Middle 550 650 16 12 - - 10 2
Right 550 650 16 12 - - 10 2
Left 400 550 16 8 - - 6 -
B4 Middle 400 550 16 8 - - 6 -
Right 400 550 16 8 - - 6 -
Dimension
BEAM REMARKS REMARKS
b h
B1 350 500 Size is Adequate Use 10φ 1 @ 50mm 3 @ 105mm rest @105mm OC
FIRST B2 500 600 Size is Adequate Use 10φ 1 @ 50mm 3 @ 130mm rest @130mm OC
FLOOR B3 550 650 Size is Adequate Use 10φ 1 @ 50mm 4 @ 140mm rest @140mm OC
LEVEL B4 400 550 Size is Adequate Use 10φ 1 @ 50mm 3 @ 115mm rest @115mm OC
SECOND B2 500 600 Size is Adequate Use 10φ1 @ 50mm 3 @ 130mm rest @130mm OC
FLOOR B3 550 650 Size is Adequate Use 10φ1 @ 50mm 3 @ 160mm rest @160mm OC
LEVEL B4 400 550 Size is Adequate Use 10φ1 @ 50mm 3 @ 115mm rest @115mm OC
B5 400 500 Size is Adequate Use 10φ1 @ 50mm 3 @ 105mm rest @105mm OC
B1 350 500 Use 10φ1 @ 50mm 3 @ 105mm rest @105mm OC
THIRD B2 500 600 Size is Adequate Use 10φ1 @ 50mm 3 @ 130mm rest @130mm OC
FLOOR B3 550 650 Size is Adequate Use 10φ1 @ 50mm 2 @ 190mm rest @190mm OC
LEVEL B4 400 550 - -
B5 400 500 Use 10φ1 @ 50mm 3 @ 105mm rest @105mm OC
B1 350 500 Size is Adequate Use 10φ1 @ 50mm 3 @ 105mm rest @105mm OC
FOURTH B2 500 600 - -
FLOOR B3 550 650 - -
LEVEL B4 400 550 - -
B5 400 500 - -
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B. Column Design
1. Figure 5-8. Parameters
Design Flowchart
Compression Controlled Tension Controlled

fs <fy fs=fy
Y or N
e > eb
Solve for depth of N.A Assume fs=fy
fs = (600)(c-d’)/(c) Solve for depth of N.A
T=Asfy
Y or N
f’s > fy
fs = (600)(c-d’)/(c) fs = fy
T = Asfy
Solve for Compression

and Tension Force
Calculate Pn and Mn
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2. Sample Design:
Data
Pu = 305.496 KN
Properties
φ(tied) = 0.65
ρ = 0.02
f'c = 27.6 Mpa
fy = 415 Mpa
cover = 30 mm
ø bar = 25 mm
ø tie = 10 mm
B = 500 mm
H = 500 mm
n = 12 pcs
s = 400 mm
Checking
Pu (allow) Pu (actual) Remark
4292.57 > 305.50 SAFE!
Computation
Pu 305.496 mPa f'c 28 mPa
φ(tied) 0.65 fy 415 mPa 500
ρ 0.02
500
Ag =
500
Ag = 18577.42 sq. mm
b = 500 mm
use b = 500 mm
Ast = 5000 sq. mm
bar ø = 25 mm
Ab = 491 sq.mm Design Column
No.of bars = 10.1833 ~ 12 bars Use 500 mm X 500 mm square column.
Ast = 5892 sq. mm Use 12 - 28mm bar with 10 mm ties @ 400mm O.C.
Checking of Compatability of Design

Ag = 250000 sq. mm
Ast = 5892 sq. mm
Pd = ( 0.80φ )( 0.85f'c( Ag-Ast ) + ( Ast*fy ))

Pd = 4292.57 kN
Pd > Pu SAFE!!!
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3. Table of Summary
GROUND FLOOR
b h Tie Tie Checking DESIGN
Group Spacing
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
500 500 10 450 SAFE Use 12 - 28 mm bar with 10 mm ties @ 450mm O.C.
C1 500 500 10 450 SAFE Use 12 - 28 mm bar with 10 mm ties @ 450mm O.C.
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SECOND FLOOR
Group
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
125
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THIRD FLOOR
Group
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
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FOURTH FLOOR
Group
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
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C. Slab
1. Figure 5-9. Design Flowchart
Identify the Uniform Load Floor Pressure (Pa) and its specifications
Determine the minimum slab thickness, h (refer to Table 409-1 NSCP

(101-10))
Compute for the weight of slab, ℎ = 𝛾𝑐 ℎ(𝑃𝑎)
Calculate factored moment, 𝑀𝑜 = 1.2𝐷𝐿 + 1.6𝐿𝐿
1
Compute the effective depth, 𝑑 = ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 (∅𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑟 )
2
𝑀𝑢
0.85𝑓′ 𝑐 2ቀ ቁ 1
∅𝑏𝑑2
Compute for 𝜌 = 𝑓𝑦
(1 (1 )
0.85𝑓′ 𝑐
2
Solve for ρmax and ρmin, ρmin < ρ < ρmax, use ρ ; if ρ > ρmax, increase the
depth of slab
𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟
Compute main bar spacing, 𝑆 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
(100)
Design of One-Way Slab
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2. Sample Design
Data
DL = 7.77 c = 20
LL = 18 Wc = 23.6
fy = 415 B = 1 m Strip
f'c = 28 For temperature bars
db = 12 ρ = 0.0018 Grade 415
Ab = 113 db = 10
L = 3000 Ab = 79
Min Slab thickness = 150

Effective depth = 124
Load Calculation
Weight of Slab = 3.54
Total DL = 11.31
Factored Floor Pressure = 42.37
Analyzing 1m Strip B = 1
Uniform Load = 42.37
Factored Moment = 47.67
Required ρ
Ru = 3.44
ρ = 0.009
ρ max = 0.0246
ρ min = 0.0034
Use ρ = 0.009
Spacing of Main Bars

As = 1116
n = 10
S1 = 985
S2 = 450
Min S = 450
Use 12φ @ 450mm OC bottom bars
Spacing of Temperature Bars 0.2232

Ast = 223.2
n = 3
S1 = 290
S2 = 750
Min S = 450
Use 10φ @ 290mm OC Temperature bars
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3. Table of Summary
Table 5-14. Preliminary Slab Schedule (USD)

Reinforcement
Slab Thickness Diameter of bar
Floor level Remarks Along short side
Designation of slab
Main bar Temp bar Main Bars Main bar Spacing Temp Bars Temp Spacing
1st floor -
S1 One-Way Slab 150 12 10 10 pcs 450 mm 3 pcs 290 mm
4th floor
Floor Slab Main Bar Temp Bar Main Bar Temp Bar
Remarks Thk
Level Desig Short span Long span
One- 4-12mmΦ 3-10mmΦ
S1 150 - -
Way @ 370mm @ 290mm
Roof
Two- 3-12mmΦ 2-10mmΦ 3-12mmΦ 2-10mmΦ
S2 140
Way @ 305mm @ 405mm @ 305mm @ 405mm
Detailing:
3- 10mm Φ @ 290mm O.C. Temperature Bars

150 mm
10 - 12mm Φ @ 450mm O.C. Bottom Bars
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I. Working Stress Design
As an alternate to the strength design method, members may be proportioned so that

stresses in the steel and concrete resulting from normal service loads are within
specified limits (an allowable, or permissible, stress or load). These limits, known as
allowable stresses are only fractions of the failure stresses of the material. Allowable
stress design is also referred to as “working stress design.”
a. Beam
b. Column
c. Slab
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A. Beam
Design
Parameters
Bar Diameter, Length, β, f’c, φ, fs, and Mu
𝐸𝑠
𝑛 =
𝐸𝑐
⬚
𝑛
𝑘 =
𝑓𝑠
𝑛+
𝑓′𝑐
𝑘
𝐽 = 1
3
𝑅 = 0.5𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑘𝐽
If Mcap
> Mact
Singly Reinforced Doubly Reinforced
Solve for ρ and As Solve for M1 and M2
Solve for number of bars Solve for number of bars
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2. Sample Design
DATA
M = 38.2396 Kn-m
b = 350 mm f'c = 28 Mpa Es = 200000
h = 500 mm fy = 415 MPa Ec = 26086.5
d = 425 mm d' = 75 mm fs = 166 Grade 415
φ = 0.9 db = 16 mm fc = 12.6
β = 0.85 Wc = 23.6 kN/m3 Ab = 201 mm2
n = Es/Ec = 8
xb = dfc = 0.1606
fc + fs/n
Cb = 1/2 fcbx b = 0.3541
Mb = Cb(d - 1/3 x b) = 150.47 > 38.2396
Singly Reinforcement
k = nfc = 0.3778
nfc + fs
j = 1 - k/3 = 0.8741
R = 1/2fcjk = 2.08
Mc = Rbd2 = 131.5
Bottom Reinforcement
As = M = 620.09 mm2
fsjd
n = As / Ab = 4 pcs
As1 = M = - mm2
fsjd
As2 = M - Mc = - mm2
fs(d-d')
As = As1 + As2 = - mm2
n = As / Ab = - pcs
Top Reinforcement
M2 = M - Mc = - kN-m
f's = 2fs( k -d'/d) = - kPa
1-k
A's = M2 = - mm2
f's(d-d') pcs
n = A's / Ab = -
Ms = Asfsjd = 38.24
DESIGN IS SAFE
USE 16φmm with 4 bars @ tension
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SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
DATA:
fy = 415 mpa B = 550 dia = 10
f'c = 28 mpa H = 650 Ab = 79
Vu = 860.8377 d = 575 Av = 158
φ = 0.75 c = 75
Vc = 0.17(sqrt f'c)bd
= 284.48
φVc = 213.36
1/2 φVc = 106.68
0.33(sqrt f'c)bwd = 552.23
0.66(sqrt f'c)bwd = 1104.47
CONDITIONS
IF Vu > φVc Stirrups are required Stirrups are required
IF Vu < φVc but Vu > 1/2 φVc Solve for A vmin -
IF Vu < 1/2 φVc Stirrups are not required -
Shear Strength
Vn = Vu/φ
= 1147.78
Vs = Vn - Vc
= 863.3 Section is Adequate
-
Spacing of Stirrups
S = Avfyd / Vs
= 44 40
Smax = d/4 or 300 143.75
Use 40
Minimum Area of Stirrups
Avmin = 0.062(sqrt f'c)(bwS/fy)
S = - Smax = d/2 or 600
- 325
USE 10φ @140mm OC
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3. Table of Summary
Table 5-11. Preliminary Beam Schedule
FIRST STORY
BOTTOM TOP
DESIGNATION BEAM CHECKING
REINFORCEMENT REINFORCEMENT
LEFT SAFE 15 8
B1 MID SAFE 14 -
RIGHT SAFE 17 10
LEFT SAFE 24 7
B2 MID SAFE 20 2
RIGHT SAFE 24 2
LEFT SAFE 43 28
B3 MID SAFE 26 4
RIGHT SAFE 50 37
LEFT SAFE 14 1
B4 MID SAFE 14 -
RIGHT SAFE 15 2
LEFT SAFE 22 -
B5 MID SAFE 12 -
RIGHT SAFE 4 -
LEFT SAFE 26 -
B6 MID SAFE 20 -
RIGHT SAFE 0 -
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SECOND STORY
BOTTOM TOP
LEFT SAFE 23 -
B1 MID SAFE 20 2
RIGHT SAFE 24 7
LEFT SAFE 17 10
B2 MID SAFE 15 8
RIGHT SAFE 16 9
LEFT SAFE 49 36
B3 MID SAFE 32 13
RIGHT SAFE 45 30
LEFT SAFE 14 1
B4 MID SAFE 13 -
RIGHT SAFE 16 3
LEFT SAFE 26 -
B5 MID SAFE 18 -
RIGHT SAFE 11 -
THIRD STORY
BOTTOM TOP
LEFT SAFE 25 9
B1 MID SAFE 21 4
RIGHT SAFE 22 4
LEFT SAFE 45 30
B2 MID SAFE 32 13
RIGHT SAFE 30 10
LEFT SAFE 17 10
B3 MID SAFE 19 15
RIGHT SAFE 17 11
LEFT SAFE 13 -
B4 MID SAFE 13 -
RIGHT SAFE 15 3
LEFT SAFE 16 -
B5 MID SAFE 8 -
RIGHT SAFE 2 -
LEFT SAFE 24 -
B6 MID SAFE 9 10
RIGHT SAFE 0 0
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FOURTH STORY
BOTTOM TOP
LEFT SAFE 19 -
B1 MID SAFE 24 4
RIGHT SAFE 14 8
LEFT SAFE 15 -
B2 MID SAFE 10 -
RIGHT SAFE 14 -
LEFT SAFE 20 8
B3 MID SAFE 22 8
RIGHT SAFE 20 -
LEFT SAFE 8 -
B4 MID SAFE 8 -
RIGHT SAFE 8 -
LEFT SAFE 13 -
B5 MID SAFE 6 -
RIGHT SAFE 2 -
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Dimension
BEAM REMARKS REMARKS
b h
B1 350 500 Size is Adequate USE 10φ @130mm OC
FIRST
FLOOR
LEVEL
SECOND
FLOOR
LEVEL
B6 - - - -
THIRD
FLOOR
LEVEL
FOURTH
FLOOR
LEVEL
B6 - - - -
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B. Column

Design
Parameters
Solve for Area gross, Ag
Solve for column dimension, h
Compute for the Area of Steel, As
If e > emin Compute for e

If e < emin
and emin
Axially and Eccentrically Axially and Eccentrically

Loaded Column Loaded Column
Solve for Pcap
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2. Sample Design
Data
Pu = 20.2276 KN
Properties
ρ = 0.02
f'c = 28 Mpa
fc = 7 Mpa
fy = 415 Mpa
cover = 75 mm
ø bar = 28 mm
ø tie = 10 mm
B = 500 mm
H = 500 mm
n = 4 pcs
s = 450 mm
Checking
Pu (allow) Pu (actual) Remark
873.08 > 20.23 SAFE!
Computation
Pu 20.2276 Mpa f'c 28 MPa
φ(tied) 0.65 fc 7 MPa
ρ 0.02 fy 415 MPa
Ag =
500
ρ = Ast/Ag
ρ = 0.02
Ag = 655.5696 sq. mm
500
As = 13.11139 sq. mm
Ab = 616 sq. mm
No. of Bars = 0.021285 ~ 4bars
New As = 2464 sq. mm
Checking of Compatability of Design Design Column

ρ(act) = 3.76 Use mm X mm square column.
Ag(act) = 655 sq. mm Use 4 - 28mm bar with 10 mm ties @ 450mm O.C.
B = 500 mm
H = 500 mm
Pd = 0.85Ag(0.25f'c+fyρg)
Pd = 873.0751 KN
Pd > Pu SAFE!!!
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3. Table of Summary
Table 5-13. Preliminary Column Schedule
GROUND FLOOR
Tie Tie
b h
GROUP Diameter Spacing Checking DESIGN
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
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SECOND FLOOR
Tie Tie
b h
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
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149
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THIRD FLOOR
Tie Tie
b h
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
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FOURTH FLOOR
Tie Tie
b h
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
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C. Slab
Design
Parameters
Compute for 𝐸𝑐 = 57000ඥ𝑓′𝑐
Solver for 𝑓𝑠 = 0.4𝑓𝑦 and 𝑓𝑐 = 0.45𝑓′𝑐
𝑓𝑠 𝐸𝑠
Solver for 𝑅 = and 𝑁 =
𝑓𝑐 𝐸𝑐
𝑁 𝑘
Solver for 𝑘 = and 𝑗 = 𝑙
𝑁+𝑅 3
Determine the minimum slab thickness (accdg. to ACI code)
Determine its Effective Depth
Compute for the total load, W = DL + LL + SW
Calculate moment, 𝑀 = 𝐶𝑊𝐿2𝐴 (𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶𝐼 𝑐𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡)
𝑀
Check if depth is ok, if 𝑑 > (𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞 = ට )
𝑅𝑏
𝑀
Compute for Area of main bar, 𝐴𝑠 = ( )
𝑓𝑠𝑗𝑑
Steel calculation, 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0025𝑏𝑟, if As < 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 then As = 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛
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2. Sample Design
Data
DL = 7.77 c = 20
LL = 18 Wc = 23.6
fy = 415 B = 1 m Strip
f'c = 28 For temperature bars
db = 12 ρ = 0.0018 Grade 415
Ab = 113 db = 10
L = 3000 Ab = 79
Min Slab thickness = 150

Effective depth = 124
Load Calculation
Weight of Slab = 3.54
Total DL = 11.31
Factored Floor Pressure = 29.31
Analyzing 1m Strip B = 1
Uniform Load = 29.31
Factored Moment = 32.97
Required ρ
Ru = 2.38 k = nfc
ρ = 0.0061 nfc + fs
ρ max = 0.0246 j = 1 - k/3
ρ min = 0.0034
Use ρ = 0.0061
Spacing of Main Bars

As = 1841
n = 16
S1 = 145
S2 = 450
Min S = 450
Use 12φ with 16pcs bar @145mm OC bottom bars
Spacing of Temperature Bars

As = 270
n = 3
S1 = 290
S2 = 750
Min S = 450
Use 10φ with 3pcs bar @ 290mm OC Temperature bars
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3. Table of Summary
Table 5-15. Preliminary Slab Schedule (WSD)

Remarks Thk
1st-4th S1 150
Way @ 145mm @ 290mm
S1 150 - -
Way @ 265mm @ 290mm
Roof
S2 140
Way @ 300mm @ 350mm @ 235mm @ 390mm
Detailing:

150 mm
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Structural Steel Design
I. Load Resistance Factor (LRFD)
A. Beam
1. Design Flowchart
Design Procedure of Steel Beam

(LRFD)
Calculate the factored Design Load
Calculate the factored Moment, Mu
Select a trial beam size and Calculate

Flexural Moment Strength, φMn
(where φ = 0.90)
Calculate deflection and check with allowable deflection ratio
Calculate the factor design shear force, Vu
Calculate shear strength, φVn

(φ = 0.90)
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2. Sample Design
LRFD
BEAM 1
Ma 40.18372 kN/m DL 5.18 kPa
Fy 450 Mpa LL 12 kPa
E 200000 GPA
Beam Properties
Mu Zx Ix SHEAR
Beam W12X40 OK OK OK SAFE FROM SHEAR
A 7548.372 sq. mm tf 13.081 mm Ix 127783047.7 mm4 Iy 18355805.87 mm4 J 377105.6716 mm4

d 302.26 mm kdes 25.908 mm Zx 934062.648 mm3 Zy 275302.6752 mm3 Cw 3.86692E+11 mm6
bf 203.454 mm bf/2tf 7.77 Sx 843933.796 mm3 Sy 180257.704 mm3 rts 56.134 mm
tw 7.493 mm h/tw 33.6 rx 130.302 mm ry 49.276 mm ho 289.56 mm
LIMITING CRITERIA
bf 170
2tf
≤ √ Fy
7.77 ≤ 8.013877
Therefore COMPACT
LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING CRITERIA SELECTION BY Zx

Lb 6000 mm Zx = Mu/ΦbFy
Lp 1828.34 mm Φb = 0.9
Lr 76225.31 mm
Cb 1 Given Zx Req'd Zx
Lp ≤ Lb ≤ Lr 934062.648 > 934062.65
4552 ≤ 6000 ≤ 247180.11
Therefore ELASTIC LTB THEREFORE OK
Mp 420.3282 kN-m CHECK SHEAR CAPACITY

Mn 8.662663 kN-m Vn = 0.6AwFyCv/Ωv Vn > Va
USE 420.3282 kN-m Ωv = 0.9 334.4770208 > 26.59404
Cv = 1.0
Load and Resistance Factor Design
THEREFORE SAFE FROM SHEAR
Mn/Ω 251.6935 Aw = bw x tw
2068.802314 mm2
40.18372 < 251.6935 Vn 334.4770208 kN
Va 26.59404384 kN
THEREFORE OK
SELECTION BY Ix
ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION Given Ix 127783048
L/480 12.5 mm Required Ix 59836599
THEREFORE OK
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3. Table of Summary
LRFD
Span
DESIGNATION BEAM
m
B1-E 6 W12X53 OK
B2 6 W12X40 OK
B1 6 W12X53 OK
B1-I 6 W12X53 OK
B3 7.5 W40X149 OK
B4 9 W27X94 OK
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B. Column
1. Design Flowchart
Design Procedure of Steel Column

(LRFD)
Determine the Applied Axial Compressive Force acting on the column
Determine the Unbraced Length (L)
Determine the Effective Length (KL), when K = 1.0
Select a trial column section from the AISC Manual
Determine the Design Moment Strength (φMn), AISC Manual Tables 3-2, 3-10
Determine the Design Compressive Strength (φPn), AISC Manual Table 4-1
Determine if the trial column section satisfies the interaction equation of

flexure and compression using AISC Equation H1-1a, H1-1b or H2-1
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2. Sample Design
C3 - GROUND FLOOR
Check for Slenderness Compute for Buckling Stress

kL = 1.0(5m)(1000) = 4.71√E/fy < kL
33.42112
rx 149.606 r
kL = 1.0(5m)(1000) = 99.29552 < 102.5262
102.5262
ry 48.768
Use 102.5262 < 200 THEREFORE OK
THEREFORE SLENDER Fe = ∏↑2 E = 1767.217

(kL/r)↑2
Check for Local Stability Fe ≥ 0.44Fy

b 1767.217 ≥ 198
bf THEREFORE ELASTIC
2500 ≤ 0.56√E/fy = 11.80584
= 12.21156
204.724 Fcr = 0.877 Fe
12.21156 ≤ 11.80584 OK 1549.849
Load and Resistance Factor Design

h 0.9 Pn = 0.9(Fcr)(Ag)
tw
289.56 ≤ 1.49√E/fy = 31.41196 Pn = 15598.45
= 30.81081
9.398
30.81081 ≤ 31.41196 OK 752.0961 < 14038.6
THEREFORE OK
THEREFORE STABLE
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3. Table of Summary
FOURTH FLOOR (ASD)
COLUMN TOTAL TOTAL LOCAL
DEAD STEEL SLENDER
DESIGNA DEAD LIVE STABILIT BUCKLING Pn/Ω
LOAD TYPE NESS
TION LOAD LOAD Y STRESS
THIRD FLOOR (kN) (kN) (kN) kN
C1 46.62 93.39285 172.8 W12X45 SLENDER OK OK 2775.839 OK
THIRD FLOOR
DEAD STEEL
DESIGNA DEAD LIVE SLENDERNESSSTABILIT BUCKLING Pn/Ω
LOAD TYPE
C1 77.72738 108.9348 108 W12X45 SLENDER OK OK 1846.866 OK
SECOND FLOOR
DEAD STEEL
LOAD TYPE
GROUND FLOOR
DEAD STEEL
LOAD TYPE
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II. Allowable Strength Design (ASD)
A. Beam
1. Design Flowchart
Design Procedure of Steel Beam

(ASD)
Calculate the factored Design Load
Calculate the factored Moment, Mu
Select a trial beam size and Calculate

Flexural Moment Strength, ΩMn
(where Ω = 1.67)
Calculate deflection and check with allowable deflection ratio
Calculate the factor design shear force, Vu
Calculate shear strength, ΩVn

(Ω = 1.67)
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2. Sample Design
ASD
BEAM 1
Ma 28.09453 kN/m DL 8.44 kPa
Fy 450 Mpa LL 12 kPa
E 200000 GPA
Beam Properties
Mu Zx Ix SHEAR
Beam W12X40 OK OK OK SAFE FROM SHEAR
A 7548.372 sq. mm tf 13.081 mm Ix 127783047.7 mm4 Iy 18355805.87 mm4 J 377105.6716 mm4

d 302.26 mm kdes 25.908 mm Zx 934062.648 mm3 Zy 275302.6752 mm3 Cw 3.86692E+11 mm6
bf 203.454 mm bf/2tf 7.77 Sx 843933.796 mm3 Sy 180257.704 mm3 rts 56.134 mm
tw 7.493 mm h/tw 33.6 rx 130.302 mm ry 48.768 mm ho 289.56 mm
LIMITING CRITERIA
bf 170
2tf
≤ √ Fy
7.77 ≤ 8.013877
Therefore COMPACT
LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING CRITERIA SELECTION BY Zx

Lb 6000 mm Zx = Mu/ΦbFy
Lp 1828.34 mm Φb = 0.9
Lr 76225.31 mm
Cb 1 Given Zx Req'd Zx
Lp ≤ Lb ≤ Lr 934062.648 > 621465.5
1828.34 ≤ 6000 ≤ 76225.307
Therefore ELASTIC LTB THEREFORE OK
Mp 420.3282 kN-m
Mn 8.662663 kN-m CHECK SHEAR CAPACITY
USE 420.3282 kN-m Vn = 0.6AwFyCv/Ωv Vn > Va
Ωv = 1.67 334.4770208 > 18.53458
ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DESIGN Cv = 1.0
Mn/Ω 251.6935
THEREFORE SAFE FROM SHEAR
Aw = bw x tw
28.09453 < 251.6935 2068.802314 mm2
Vn 334.4770208 kN
THEREFORE OK
Va 18.5345832 kN
ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION SELECTION BY Ix

L/480 12.5 mm Given Ix 127783048
Required Ix 41702812
THEREFORE OK
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3. Table of Summary
ASD
Span
DESIGNATION BEAM
m
B1-E 6 W12X40 OK
B2 6 W12X40 OK
B1 6 W12X40 OK
B1-I 6 W14X53 OK
B3 7.5 W40X149 OK
B4 9 W27X84 OK
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B. Column
1. Design Flowchart
Design Procedure of Steel Column

(ASD)
Determine the Applied Axial Compressive Force acting on the column
Determine the Unbraced Length (L)
Determine the Effective Length (KL), when K = 1.0
Select a trial column section from the AISC Manual
Determine the Allowable Moment Strength (Mn/Ω), AISC Manual Tables 3-2, 3-10
Determine the Allowable Compressive Strength (Pn/Ω), AISC Manual Table 4-1
Determine if the trial column section satisfies the interaction equation of

flexure and compression using AISC Equation H1-1a, H1-1b or H2-1
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2. Sample Design
C3 - GROUND FLOOR
Check for Slenderness Compute for Buckling Stress

kL = 1.0(5m)(1000) = 4.71√E/fy < kL
33.42112
rx 149.606 r
kL = 1.0(5m)(1000) = 99.29552 < 102.5262
102.5262
ry 48.768
Use 102.5262 < 200 THEREFORE OK
THEREFORE SLENDER Fe = ∏↑2 E = 1767.217

(kL/r)↑2
Check for Local Stability Fe ≥ 0.44Fy

b 1767.217 ≥ 198
bf THEREFORE ELASTIC
2500 ≤ 0.56√E/fy = 11.80584
= 12.21156
204.724 Fcr = 0.877 Fe
12.21156 ≤ 11.80584 OK 1549.849
Allowable Strength Design

h Pn = (Fcr)(Ag)
tw Ω 1.67
289.56 ≤ 1.49√E/fy = 31.41196 = 15598.45
= 30.81081
9.398 1.67
30.81081 ≤ 31.41196 OK 765.2303 < 9340.388
THEREFORE OK
THEREFORE STABLE
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3. Table of Summary
FOURTH FLOOR (ASD)
COLUMN TOTAL TOTAL
DEAD STEEL LOCAL
DESIGNA DEAD LIVE SLENDERNESS BUCKLING
LOAD TYPE STABILITY
TION LOAD LOAD STRESS
THIRD FLOOR (kN) (kN) (kN)
C1 46.62 77.82738 108 W12X45 SLENDER OK REVISE OK
THIRD FLOOR
COLUMN TOTAL TOTAL
DEAD STEEL LOCAL
LOAD TYPE STABILITY
SECOND FLOOR
COLUMN TOTAL TOTAL
DEAD STEEL LOCAL
LOAD TYPE STABILITY
GROUND FLOOR
COLUMN TOTAL TOTAL
DEAD STEEL LOCAL
LOAD TYPE STABILITY
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III. Summary of Design
LRFD
Beams
1st-4th B1-E W12X40
Roof B2 W12X40
Roof B1 W12X40
1st-4th B1-I W14X53
3rd B3 W40X149
3rd B4 W27X84
Column
Ground 2nd 3rd 4th
C1 W14X53 W12X50 W12X45 W12X45
C2 W14X53 W12X50 W12X45 W12X45
C3 W14X53 W12X50 W12X45 W12X45
C4 W14X53 W12X50 W12X45 W12X45
C5 W12X45
C6 W12X45
ASD
Beams
1st-4th B1-E W12X40
Roof B2 W12X40
Roof B1 W12X40
1st-4th B1-I W14X53
3rd B3 W40X149
3rd B4 W27X84
Column
Ground 2nd 3rd 4th
C1 W14X53 W12X50 W12X45 W12X45
C2 W14X53 W12X50 W12X45 W12X45
C3 W14X53 W12X50 W12X45 W12X45
C4 W14X53 W12X50 W12X45 W12X45
C5 W12X45
C6 W12X45
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Chapter 5. Geotechnical Analysis and Foundation Design
I. Geotechnical Analysis
a. Soil Analysis
FINAL GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT
PROPOSED THREE-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING

J. P. Laurel St., Brgy. 11, Nasugbu, Batangas
Prepared for:
FLORENTINO F. BARCELON
J. P. Laurel St, Brgy. 11,
Nasugbu, Batangas
AUGUST, 2019
RTRN-0819-112
Submitted by:
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FINAL GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT

J. P. Laurel St., Brgy. 11, Nasugbu, Batangas
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION
2.0 FIELD TEST
2.1 Wash Boring
2.2 Standard Penetration Test (ASTM D 1586)
2.3 Groundwater Measurement
3.0 LABORATORY TEST
4.0 GENERAL GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY
5.0 SUBSOIL CONDITION
6.0 DISCUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 Assessment of Soil Stratification
6.2 Site Preparation and Earthworks
6.3 Shallow Foundation Design Parameters
6.4 Seismic Considerations
7.0 LIMITATIONS
FUGURES
Figure 1.0 Borehole Location Plan
APPENDICES
Appendix A Final Borehole Log and Summary of Test Results
Appendix B Laboratory Test Results
Appendix C Photographs
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GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT

J.P. LAUREL ST., BRGY. 11, NASUGBU, BATANGAS
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This geotechnical report was prepared to determine general subsurface condition and foundation
solutions for the proposed three-storey building in Nasugbu, Batangas.
REALTEST Geotechnical Services executed the field investigation on July 27, 2018. The site
stratification was investigated by commissioning two (2) test boring with SPT sampling, as
necessary, to evaluate the results with respect to the concept and foundation design of the structure.
The samples obtained from the boreholes were subsequently tested for engineering classification
and strength determination.
This report covers the methodology of field and laboratory investigations, subsurface conditions,
including the geotechnical evaluation of the site, estimation of the allowance soil/rock bearing
capacity and settlement analysis required for the foundation design.
2.0 FIELD TEST
2.1 Wash Boring

The wash boring method is used to advance the hole through sands, silts and clays. Water is exerted
at a high pressure from the ends of the chopping bit as it is moved to loosen soil. The soil fragments
are then carried to the surface by the drilling fluid, exposing the segments for SPT sampling.
2.2 Standard Penetration Test (ASTM D 1586)

The Standard Penetration Test consists of driving a standard spilt spoon sampler using a 63.5 kg
hammer dropped from a free fall height of 30”. Three successive 15 cm intervals are performed
and the corresponding blow per 15cm is recorded. The sum of the last two counts gives the SPT-
N value which indicates the strength of the materials.
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Samples obtained from the split spoon sampler are visually classified, logged, and stored for
laboratory testing.
2.3 Groundwater Measurement

The groundwater for each borehole is measured after a minimum waiting period of 12 hours after
the completion of the drilling and before the start of a new drilling operation.
Correlation of SPT data with other soil parameters are as shown in tables below:
Fine Grained Soil Consistency Description Based on SPT N-Values
(Terzaghi et. Al., 1996)
Consistency SPT-N Undrained Shear Strength, su (kPa)
Very Soft <2 < 12
Soft 2 – 4 12 – 25
Medium stiff 4 – 8 25 – 50
Stiff 8 – 15 50 – 100
Very stiff 15 – 30 100 – 200
Hard 30 – 60 > 200
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT
Cohesionless Soil Density Description Based on SPT N-Values

(Terzaghi ett. Al., 1996)
Description SPT-N Relative Density, Dr (%)
Very loose 0–4 0 – 15
Loose 4 – 10 15 – 35
Medium loose 11 – 30 36 – 65
Dense 30 – 50 65 – 85
Very dense >50 85 – 100
3.0 LABORATORY TEST
The following laboratory tests were carried out in the site-obtained samples in accordance with the
procedures from the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):
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3.1 Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock (ASTM D 2216)

This standard describes methods to obtain the moisture content of a sample expressed as a
percentage of the oven-dried soil weight.
3.2 Particle Size Analysis (ASTM D 422)

The material is allowed to pass a series of sieves with decreasing opening sizes. The weight
retained on each sieve is recorded and presented on a particle size distribution chart.
3.3 Atterberg Limits of Soils (ASTM D 4318)

The Atterberg Limits are the liquid limit (LL) and plastic limit (PL) of the soil. The liquid
limit is the moisture content at the boundary between the plastic and liquid phase.
Meanwhile, the plastic limit is the moisture content at the boundary between the semi-solid
to plastic phase. The range of moisture content at which the soil is in plastic stat4e is
defined as the plasticity index and is given by the difference between the LL and PL.
3.4 Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
(ASTM D 2487)
This standard outlines a system of classification for inorganic and organic soils for
engineering purposes based on the particle size analysis, liquid limit and plasticity index.
4.0 GENERAL GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY
The stratigraphy of area consists of the following formations by age: Miocene rocks overlain by
the Macolod Volcanic Complex.
The Macolod Volcanic Complex is comprised by numerous Pliocene – Pleistocene aged

volcanoes, namely Taal, Makiling and Laguna de Bai, all of which are confined within the
Macolod Corridor, a narrow, northeast trending lineament. The formation is composed of basalt,
rhyolites, pyroclastic rocks and lahar which cover Batangas, Laguna, and portions of Rizal,
Quezon and Manila.
The The potential seismic sources for the project include the Valley Fault System, Infanta segment
from the Philippine Fault Zone, Lubang Fault, and an unnamed projection between Batangas and
Mindoro Island.
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5.0 SUBSOIL CONDITION
Established on the boring conducted, the site is generally characterized by sand overlain by 3 to
6cm clay of improving consistency to sampling depth. A competent basement layer composed of
very dense sand is sampled from -6m and observed to continue down the boreholes’ termination
level. Meanwhile, materials with low penetration resistances (N<15 blows / foot) are confined
within the topmost 6m of the explored strata, as comprised by soft to firm clay with plasticity
indices ranging from 10 to 21%.
Groundwater was measured at 2m below NGL. During the investigation works. It should be noted
the groundwater level may fluctuate due to seasonal variation.
BH1 Profile
Range of Depth, m Range of SPT N-Value (blows/ft) Description of Materials
0 – 30 6 Firm clay
3.0 – 4.5 23 Very stiff clay
4.5 – 15.0 50+ Very dense sand
6.0 DISCUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 Assessment of Soil Stratification
The result of the field and laboratory works suggest the presence of soft to firm clay within the
expected influence zone of typical shallow foundations, while competent soil is found below
problematic clay strata. The low penetration resistances of the upper layer suggest risk of excessive
settlement from consolidation of clay, low bearing capacity and expansion upon saturation of the
clay.
Therefore, the shallow foundation system in the form of isolated fooling may be employed.
However, soil replacement from NGL to -3m with well-graded sand, and subsequent compaction
according to Section 6.2 shall be applied. An option to add soil surcharge may be also be
considered as required by design engineer.
Improvement in soil bearing capacity and other geotechnical properties shall be reassessed by
confirmatory boring and/or correlation with in-place density tests.
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The foundations shall be embedded as required by designer’s stability analyses, but not less than
1.5m below ground level. A lean concrete bed at least 50mm thick shall be placed under all
foundations.
6.2 Site Preparation and Earthworks

All backfilling works for the foundations, soil directly under foundations or any engineering fill
that may be necessary shall be compacted to 95% of maximum dry density, unless specified
otherwise. Compaction shall be executed in no more than 150 mm lifts and shall be verified as per
the DPWH Manual of Standard Specifications.
Excavation for foundation works up to a depth of 1.5m shall maintain a slope of 1V:2H, unless
more detailed calculations or shoring protection indicate the soundness of a steeper slope. For
deeper excavations, benching of the slope as instructed in the NSCP or temporary shoring
protection works such as soil nailing may be employed.
6.3 Shallow Foundation Design Parameters
The ultimate bearing capacity is based on shear failure control as represented by Terzaghi’s bearing
capacity theory and modified by Meyerhof’s bearing capacity factors (1953 and 1963). A factor
of safety equal to 3 is then applied to arrive at a safe bearing capacity.
The safe value is checked against an allowable magnitude to limit the settlement to 25mm,
resulting in the net allowable bearing capacity stipulated below. The minimum embedment depth
recommended in the earlier section and a minimum footing width of 1.5m was considered for the
analysis. Presented values are in accordance with Terzaghi and Peck’s chart for correlation of SPT
N to settlement (1948).
Allowable Bearing Capacity (Untreated Soil)

Embedment Depth, m Allowable SBC, Kpa
3.0 25
3.5 50
4.0 80
For stability resistance check against sliding, a foundation-to-soil friction factor, µ, equal to 0.20
may be used. The lateral resistance is determined by the foundation weight, embedment depth, and
degree of compaction of the backfill.
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Seismic Considerations
As per NSCP, most portions of the Philippines fall under Zone 4 with the exception of Palawan,
Sulu and Tawi-tawi which are under Zone 2. Furthermore, a Seismic Zone Factor of 0.40 shall be
used with the unnamed offshore projection between Batangas and Mindoro considered as Type A
generator. With the project site more than 15km from the active fault trace, near source factors
shall be Na = 1.0 and Nv = 1.0 as per the observed average soil properties at the site location, a
soil profile type Sd may be conservatively assumed.
LIMITATIONS
The foregoing analyses and recommendations were made based on the above stipulated project
location and structure type, and on the prevailing exploration and laboratory results during the time
of the investigation.
Should there be appreciable deviations observed in the soil conditions during construction, or
differences with the actual project requirements, the underground shall be notified so appropriate
actions will be taken.
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FINAL BOREHOLE
LOG AND SUMMARY
OF TEST RESULTS
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LABORATORY TESTS
AND RESULTS
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b. Soil Bearing Capacity
Allowable Bearing Capacity (Untreated Soil)

Embedment Depth, m Allowable SBC, Kpa
3.0 25
3.5 50
4.0 80
For stability resistance check against sliding, a foundation-to-soil friction factor, µ, equal to 0.20
may be used. The lateral resistance is determined by the foundation weight, embedment depth, and
degree of compaction of the backfill.
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II. Foundation Design
1. Ultimate Strength Design
A. Footing
1. Design Flow Chart
Design Procedure of Footing
Compute for initial depth of footing
Compute for effective soil pressure, 𝑞𝑒 = 𝑞𝑎 𝛾𝑠 ℎ𝑠 𝛾𝑐 ℎ𝑐
𝑈𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
Compute for dimensions of footing based on qe, 𝐴 =
𝑞𝑒
𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
Compute for qu, 𝑞𝑢 =
𝐴
Compute for Vc, 𝑉𝑐 = 0.17ʎඥ𝑓′𝑐
Compute for 𝑉𝑢 = ∅𝑉𝑐
Compute d based on Punching Shear, Vu = Vc (𝑞𝑢 (𝑏𝑜2 (𝑏 +

2 1 400+𝑑 𝑑
𝑑) =0.75( )(ඥ𝑓 ′ 𝑐)(𝑏𝑜 )( )
3 1000
𝑥
Compute for 𝐻 = 𝑑 + 𝑑 ′ +
2
Check if H is safe
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2. Sample Design
Factored Loads
U = 1.2D + 1.6L
= 326.87 kN = Vu (Controls)
Piles:
Pu = 326.87/4 = 81.72 kN = Vu ignoring the self-weight of pile cap
Design Shear
φshear = 0.75
Assume Vs = 0, (no shear reinforcement)
φVn = φVc
Try d = 2000 mm. and h = 2500mm.
Two-way Action
Around Column:
bo = 4(d+ dim) = 10800mm.
Vc = 4 f 'c bod (Controls)
φVc = 0.75( 27.6(10800 )( 2000 )) / 1000
= 342.88kN
Vu = 326.87 k
φVn = φVc > Vu OK
Around Piles
bo = 3350 mm

φVc = 106.36kN
Vu = 81.72kN
Note:
The effective depth is conservative for the two-way action but is O.K. considering the overlapping
of the critical sections around the column and the piles. One-way action will not be a problem
because the piles are located within potential critical sections for one-way shear.
φVn = φVc > Vu OK
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Design for flexure
(Bottom bars)
Mu = 433.10 kN-m
φKn = Mu/(bd2)
=54.14 kN
As = ρbd = 0.0019 (2000)^2 = 13493.98 mm2

Check for As,min= 0.0018 bh
As,min= 9000mm2 = 13493.98mm2 > 9000mm2
As (required) = 13493.98mm2
Use 17 - 32mm Φ each way (bottom reinforcement)
Top bars
Not required
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3. Table of Summary
PILE FOOTING
qa 80 Depth 4
No. of Dim Bar dia No of pcs
Column Dim Pile Dim d h
Piles
mm mm pcs mm mm mm
F1 C1 500 350 4 2000 2500 OK 2000 32 17
F2 C2 550 350 4 2000 2500 OK 2000 32 17
F3 C3 550 350 4 2000 2500 OK 2000 32 17
F4 C4 700 350 4 2000 2500 OK 2000 32 17
F5 C5 700 350 4 2000 2500 OK 2000 32 17
F6 C6 700 350 4 2000 2500 OK 2000 32 17
F7 C7 550 350 4 2000 2500 OK 2000 32 17
F8 C8 700 350 4 2000 2500 OK 2000 32 17
F9 C9 700 350 4 2000 2500 OK 2000 32 17
Critical plane for 2 way shear around pile
500 mm
350mm
2m
700mm 1000mm
500 mm
Critical plane for 2 way shear around column
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B. Footing Tie Beam
Calculate the size of the footing considering allowable bearing pressure and service load
Determine the thickness of footing slab based on one-way

shear
Check for two-way shear
Calculate the gross bearing capacity
Determine the bending moment
Calculate the development length
Determine the force transferred at the base of the column
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2. Sample Design
Beam
Span L= 6000 mm
Assume overall Depth D= 420 mm
Clear Cover = 75 mm
Assume 25 mm dia bars
Effective Depth
d = D - cc - (dia/2)
332.5 mm ~ 340 mm
Base of Beam b= 200 mm
Load Calculation
Load from wall 12.573 kN/m
Self Wt of beam = bxdxϒ 2.478 kN/m
Total Load = 15.051 kN/m
Factored Load = 1.2DL + 1.6LL
18.0612 kN/m
Bending Moment
= 57.68 kN-m
Mu = (WxL^2)/12
Check for Depth
d^2 = = 289.84 kN-m
Mu/(0.138 x 20 x b)
332.5 > 289.84
THEREFORE SAFE
Area of Steel Required

Xu(max) = 0.48 x d = 201.6 mm
Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x [d-(0.42 x Xu max)]
Ast = Min Ast = (0.85 x b x d)/fy = 256.0241
Use Ast = 353.85
Provide 10 mm dia bars
No. of bars = Ast/Ast (min) = 4
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Check for Shear
Vu = (W x L) / 2 = 63.20997
Nominal Shear Stress = Vu/bd
0.602
Design of Shear Reinforcement

Assume 10 mm bars lateral ties 2 legged stirrups
Vus = Vu - (Tc x b x d) = 4263.975
a.) Spacing of stirrups as per design shear

= 0.87 x fy x As x d / Vus 0.888373
b.) Spacing as per min shear reinforcement

= (2 x As x fy) / 0.4b
c.) Spacing should not exceed

= 0.75 x d
d.) Spacing should not exceed

450 mm
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3. Table of Summary
Span Column Column Depth LL wall Self Wt Total Load Factored Bending Moment Dia Bars No. of Bars Vu Spacing
mm mm kN/m kN/m kN/m kN/m kN-m d2 mm pcs kN mm
FTB1 6000 C2 C4 500 12.573 2.478 15.051 23.0904 57.15355 287.8042 SAFE 25 4 62.92134 SAFE 450
FTB2 6000 C1 C5 500 12.573 2.478 15.051 23.0904 57.6791 289.1244 SAFE 25 4 63.20997 SAFE 450
FTB3 6000 C12 C6 500 12.573 2.478 15.051 23.0904 55.59134 283.8435 SAFE 25 4 62.05545 SAFE 450
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2. Working Stress Design
A. Footing
Calculate the bearing pressure for ultimate loads
Check the vertical line shear (shear at face of the column)
Check for punching shear
Calculate reinforcement for bending
Check shear at critical section
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2. Sample Design
Factored Loads
U=DL
= 3036.4554 kN = Vu (Controls)
Piles:
Pu = 3036.4554/4 = 759.114 kN = Vu ignoring the self-weight of pile cap
Design Shear
φshear = 0.75
Assume Vs = 0, (no shear reinforcement)
φVn = φVc
Try d = 7000 mm. and h = 2500mm.
Two-way Action
Around Column:
bo = 4(d+ dim) = 30200mm.
φVc = 0.75( 27.6(30200 )( 7000 )) / 1000
= 3355.87kN
Vu = 3036.4554 k
φVn = φVc > Vu OK
Around Piles
bo = 8350 mm

φVc = 927.86kN
Vu = 759.114kN
Note:
The effective depth is conservative for the two-way action but is O.K.
considering the overlapping of the critical sections around the column and
the piles. One-way action will not be a problem because the piles are located
within potential critical sections for one-way shear.
φVn = φVc > Vu OK
Design for flexure

(Bottom bars)
Mu = 433.10 kN-m
φKn = Mu/(bd2)
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=21.11 kN
As = ρbd = 0.0019 (7000)^2 =94457.8 mm2

Check for As,min= 0.0018 bh
As,min= 18000mm2 = 94457.8 mm2 > 18000mm2
As (required) = 94457.8mm2
Use 49 - 50mm Φ each way (bottom reinforcement)
Top bars
Not required
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3. Table of Summary

Column Dim Pile Dim Vu d h
Piles
mm mm pcs kN mm mm mm
F1 C1 500 350 4 543.1979 2700 2500 OK 4000 50 19
F2 C2 550 350 4 573.4782 3000 2500 OK 4000 50 21
F3 C3 550 350 4 3036.4554 7000 2500 OK 4000 50 49
F4 C4 550 350 4 952.2263 4000 2500 OK 4000 50 28
F5 C5 700 350 4 1919.0763 6000 2500 OK 4000 50 42
F6 C6 550 350 4 1121.6236 4000 2500 OK 4000 50 28
F7 C7 550 350 4 2853.611 6500 2500 OK 4000 50 45
F8 C8 700 350 4 2023.2783 6500 2500 OK 4000 50 45
F9 C9 700 350 4 1132.9787 4000 2500 OK 4000 50 28
F10 C10 650 350 4 3007.5916 7000 2500 OK 4000 50 49
500 mm
350mm
4m
700mm 3000mm
500 mm
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B. Footing Tie Beam
Determine the thickness of footing slab based on one-way

shear
Check for two-way shear
Calculate the gross bearing capacity
Determine the bending moment
Calculate the development length
Determine the force transferred at the base of the column
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2. Sample Design
Beam
Span L= 6000 mm
Assume overall Depth D= 420 mm
Clear Cover = 75 mm
Assume 25 mm dia bars
Effective Depth
d = D - cc - (dia/2)
332.5 mm ~ 340 mm
Base of Beam b= 200 mm
Load Calculation
Load from wall 12.573 kN/m
Self Wt of beam = bxdxϒ 2.478 kN/m
Total Load = 15.051 kN/m
Bending Moment
= 57.68 kN-m
Mu = (WxL^2)/12
Check for Depth
d^2 = = 289.84 kN-m
Mu/(0.138 x 20 x b)
332.5 > 289.84
THEREFORE SAFE
Area of Steel Required

Xu(max) = 0.48 x d = 201.6 mm
Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x [d-(0.42 x Xu max)]
Ast = Min Ast = (0.85 x b x d)/fy = 256.0241
Use Ast = 353.85
Provide 10 mm dia bars
No. of bars = Ast/Ast (min) = 4
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Check for Shear
Vu = (W x L) / 2 = 63.20997
Nominal Shear Stress = Vu/bd
0.602
Design of Shear Reinforcement

Assume 10 mm bars lateral ties 2 legged stirrups
Vus = Vu - (Tc x b x d) = 4263.975
a.) Spacing of stirrups as per design shear

= 0.87 x fy x As x d / Vus 0.888373
b.) Spacing as per min shear reinforcement

= (2 x As x fy) / 0.4b
c.) Spacing should not exceed

= 0.75 x d
d.) Spacing should not exceed

450 mm
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3. Table of Summary
FOOTING TIE BEAM

Shear Reinforcement 10 legged
Span Depth Dia Bars Base No. of Bars
mm mm mm mm pcs Use
FTB1 6000 500 25 250 SAFE 4 450
FTB2 6000 500 25 250 SAFE 4 450
FTB3 6000 500 25 250 SAFE 4 450
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Chapter 6. Other Civil Engineering Design Context
I. Design of Septic Tank
Design Procedure for Septic Tank
KNOW ABOUT THE TECHNICAL DATA IN DETERMINING THE

VOLUME OF THE SEPTIC TANK
FROM TECHNICAL DATA, DETERMINE THE VOLUME OF THE

SEPTIC TANK BY MULTIPLYING THE NO. OF PERSONS AND
THE VOLUME OF WATER EACH PERSON USES
DETERMINE THE WIDTH BY ASSUMING 1.0 METER

WIDTH PER 100 PERSONS
SOLVE FOR THE LENGTH OF THE DIGESTION

CHAMBER
SOLVE FOR THE LENGTH OF THE LEACHING WALL
SOLVE FOR THE TOTAL LENGTH OF THE

SEPTIC TANK
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2. Sample Design
Septic Tank
Technical Data in Determining the Volume of the Septic Tank (Sect 3-4 of Plumbing Estimates and Construction by Max Fajardo)
1 Minimum Width = 0.90m
2 Minimum Length = 1.50m
3 Minimum Depth of Liquid = 1.20m
4 For a residential to serve larger number of people allocate 0.14 to 0.17 cu.m of liquid per person
5 For a septic tank to serve 12 persons, the chamber should have a liquid content of not more than 2.0 cu.m
6 For school, commercial and industrial establishment the volume of the tank should not be less than 0.057 cu.m nor more than 0.086 cu.m per person
Determine the size of the Septic tank

From technical data
for industrial establishment: = 0.057 cu.m/head
No. of persons = 2000 heads
V = No.of persons x Volume of water used per person

V = 114 cu.m
Assume 1.0m width for 100 persons
for 2000 persons W = 20 m
the maximum depth = 1.5 m
Length = ?
Solve for Length (Digestion Chamber)
Volume = Length x Width x depth
Length, L = Volume
Width x depth
L1 = 3.8 m
Length of Leaching Well
L2 = L/2
L2 = 1.9
Total Length
L = L1 + L2
L = 5.7 m
Size of the Septic Tank
5.7mm x 20mm x 1.5mm
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3. Table of Summary

3.80 m 1.90 m
0.30 m
1.50 m
5.70 m
20 m
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II. Design of Shear Wall for Elevator
Design Procedure for Shear Wall
Review of the layout of cantilever wall systems
Derive the gravity loads and equivalent masses
Estimate the Earthquake Design force
Analyze the structural systems
Determine the design action
Design for flexural strength
Design for shear strength
Detailing of reinforcement
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2. Table of Summary
Story 4
Pier Label Station Design Type Edge Rebar End Rebar Rebar Spacing Required Reinf Current Reinf Shear Rebar
mm % % mm²/m
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 0.33 0.17 718.65
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 0.33 0.17 625
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 0.33 0.17 625
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 0.33 0.17 625
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 0.33 0.17 625
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 0.33 0.17 923.06
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 0.72 0.17 718.65
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 0.72 0.17 625
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 0.72 0.17 625
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 0.72 0.17 625
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 0.72 0.17 625
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 0.72 0.17 923.06
Story 3
mm % % mm²/m
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 0.71 0.17 2494.12
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 0.71 0.17 2060.37
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 0.71 0.17 1493.11
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 0.71 0.17 1445.9
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 0.71 0.17 2448.19
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 0.71 0.17 2611.72
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 3.76 0.17 2378.41
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 3.76 0.17 2031.89
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 3.76 0.17 1493.11
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 3.76 0.17 1453.79
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 3.76 0.17 2448.19
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 3.76 0.17 2474.63
Story 2
mm % % mm²/m
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 4.66 0.17 3468.59
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 4.66 0.17 3293.22
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 4.66 0.17 3201.54
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 4.66 0.17 3270.55
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 4.66 0.17 3845.5
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 4.66 0.17 3180.2
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 10.65 0.17 3468.59
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 10.65 0.17 3430.12
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 10.65 0.17 3201.54
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 10.65 0.17 3270.55
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 10.65 0.17 3845.5
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 10.65 0.17 3300.79
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Story 1
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 mm 250 % 3.76 % 0.17 mm²/m 2474.63
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 10.78 0.17 3972.14
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 10.78 0.17 4228.92
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 10.78 0.17 3900.19
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 10.78 0.17 4056.99
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 10.78 0.17 4888.47
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 10.78 0.17 4384.71
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 15.36 0.17 3972.14
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 15.36 0.17 4228.92
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 15.36 0.17 3900.19
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 15.36 0.17 4056.99
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 15.36 0.17 5213.24
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 15.36 0.17 4384.71
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III. Staircase
Design Procedure for Staircase
Calculate for Rise
Calculate Run
Solve for required reinforcements
Detail the results for verification
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Design of Staircase
Data:
Number of Steps in the flight 16 Elevation 5000 mm
Tread 300 mm Elev/2 2500 mm
Rise 155 mm No. of steps 16.12903
Width of landing beams 300 mm Excess 20 mm
f'c 28 Pa Apply Excess to 1st step
fy 450 Pa
Width of Staircase 1200 mm
Effective Span
Effective Span 5100 mm
Thickness of Waist Slab 255 mm
Overall Depth 255 mm
Effective Depth 230 mm
Loads
DL on slab on slope 6.375 kN/m
DL of slab on horizontal span 7.175612 kN/m
DL on one step 0.58125 kN/m
Loads of steps per meter length 2.325 kN/m
Finishes 0.91 kN/m
Total DL 10.99186 kN/m
Service LL 4.8 kN/m
Total Load 15.79186 kN/m
Factored Load 23.68779 kN/m
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Bending Moments
Maximum Bending Moment at Center Span
Mu = 77.01494 kN-m
Check of Depth of Waist Slab

Mu=0.138f'cbd↑2
d= 128.8779 mm Safe
Main Reinforcement
Ast = 903.2265 mm2
Dia Bar = 12
As = 113.0973 mm2
No. of bars = 8 pcs
Distribution Reinforcement
Ast = 367.2 mm2
Dia Bar = 10
As = 78.53982 mm2
No. of bars = 5 pcs
Detailing:
5 – 10mm Φ Temp. Bars
9 – 12mm Φ Main Bars

(Top and bottom)
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IV. Skylight
SKYLIGHT
Dimension 4.2 m
Material Glass
Shape Square
Weight 6335 N
Special Features Leak free, UV blocking
Total Event Area 828 m2

Area Skylight 17.64 m2
No. of Skylight 47
Total Weight 297.745 kN
Total DL 0.359595 kPa
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V. Water Tank
1. Water Tank Flowchart WATER TANK
Determine the water required

per person per day
Estimate number of person who

will consume water
Determine the volume of water

(Water required per person x estimated number of
person)
Assume height of water tank

(Preferably 2.0 meters)
Determine area of tank

(Volume of water / Height of water tank)
Square root the area of the tank.

Base and length will be determine
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2. Sample Design
Design of Water Tank
Volume of Water Requirement for one person per day:

Water required per person per day = 227 L
Design Of Water Tank

Number of persons: = 1500 persons
Total Water Requirement = 340500 L/day
1L = 0.001 m3
Volume of Water = 340.5 m3

Assume Height of Water Tank = 2m
Area of Tank = 170.25 m2
Base = 13.05 m
Length = 13.05 m
Dimensions of Water Tank

H = 2m
L = 13.05 m
B = 13.05 m
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Assuming M20 concrete and Fe415 grade steel.
Mmax 5.92 Kn-m

d 71.44 m
Assuming effective cover as 33mm

t 120 mm
Ast 634.99 mm^2

Spacing of
12mm diameter 120 mm
bar
Distribution of Steel
Min. Ast 40.86
Ast 288 mm^2
Spacing of 8mm
180 mm
diameter bar
Use 8mm bar @ 180mm o.c for distribution steel

Use 12mm bar @ 120mm o.c for vertical and horizontal distribution
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3. Summary
2.0 M
13.05 M
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Chapter 7. Constraints, Standards and Specifications

Design Constraints
Among other possible constraints, the following were considered to have relevant impact on the
design of the four-storey convention center:
1. Economic (Cost)
The designer considered the budget of the client as a major influence in the
construction and design of the structure. A trade-off between two design system will be
compared in the design and construction of the building. The structure will be designed as
either with RCD or Steel Design. The two alternative designs will be evaluated based on
the structural cost estimates as to which will result in a more economical structure without
reducing the safety and durability of the structure. To deal with economic constraint a cost
estimate of the structural elements will be performed.
2. Safety (Lateral Deflection)

In any building, the safety of all occupants is to extreme importance. Having the
structure situated with nearby buildings, the structure will be designed to minimize the
amount of lateral drift, caused by lateral loads, to ensure that the structure will not affect
the neighboring buildings. The two trade-off system, RCD and Steel Design, minimizes
the amount of drift structure to ensure safety.
3. Constructability (Duration)
The designer considered the constructability of the structure as a constraint in the
trade-offs between two design systems presented below. To address this constraint, the
number of man-hours will be provided to identify which will give favorable results.
Number of man-hours will be based on the fabrication of steel bars and concreting works
4. Sustainability
The designer considered the sustainability of the structure as a constraint in the
trade-offs between two design systems stated. To deal with this constraint, the cost-
effective adoption of green design and construction strategies emphasizing human health
as a fundamental evaluative criterion for building design will be considered.
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5. Health and Safety
First, engineering is about application of knowledge for the betterment of humanity.
Products should be designed such that their everyday use does not cause harm. The
designers acknowledged that all products have lifetimes, and therefore modes of failure
(material fatigue, poor design, environmental degradation, and/or human error), associated
with them.
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Design Codes, Standards and Specifications
National Building Code of the Philippines (NBC)

The following are the sections and codes that are followed in conceptualizing and designing the
structural plan of the building:
 Section 401. Types of Construction
Type I. The structural elements may be any of the materials permitted by this Code.
 Section 701. Occupancy Classified

Group C. Buildings with an assembly room with an occupant capacity of 1000 or more
 Section 805. Ceiling Heights

Habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation have ceiling heights not less than
2.40 meters measured from the floor to the ceiling; provided that for buildings of more
than one-storey, the minimum ceiling height of the first storey shall be 2.70 meters and
that for the second storey 2.40 meters and succeeding storey shall have an unobstructed
typical head-room clearance of not less than 2.10 meters above the finished floor. Above
stated rooms with natural ventilation shall have ceiling height not less than 2.70 meters.
 Section 806. Sizes and Dimensions of Rooms

Minimum sizes of rooms and their least horizontal dimensions shall be as follows:
4. Rooms for Human Habitations. 6.00 square meters with at least dimensions of 2.00.
5. Kitchens. 3.00 square meters with at least dimension of 1.50.
6. Bath and Toilet. 1.20 square meters with at least dimension of 0.90 meters.
 Section 808. Window Openings.

Every room intended for any use, not provided with artificial ventilation system as herein
specified in this Code, shall be provided with a window or windows with a total free area
of openings equal to at least ten percent of the floor area of room, and such window shall
open directly to a court, yard, public street or alley, or open water courses.
 Section 1207. Stairs, Exits and Occupant Loads.

General. The construction of stairs and exits shall conform to the occupant load
requirements of buildings, reviewing stands, bleachers and grandstands:
c. Determinations of Occupant Loads. The occupant load permitted in any building or
portion thereof shall be determined by dividing the floor area assigned to that use by
the unit area allowed per occupant as determined by the Secretary.
d. Exit Requirements. Exit requirements of a building or portion thereof used for
different purposes shall be determined by the occupant load which gives the largest
number of persons. No obstruction shall be placed in the required width of an exit
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except projections permitted by this code. National Structural Code of the Philippines
(NSCP 6th Ed. 2010 C10-10)
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Concrete
404.4 Structural System and Load Paths
404.4.1 The structural system shall include (a) through (g), as applicable:
a. Floor construction and roof construction, including one-way and two-way slabs;
b. Beams and joists;
c. Column;
d. Wall;
e. Diaphragms;
f. Foundations;
g. Joints, connections, and anchors as required to transmit forces from one component to
another.
404.4.2 Design of structural members including joints and connections given in Section 404.4.1
shall be in accordance with Sections 407 through 418.
404.4.3 It shall be permitted to design a structural system comprising structural members not in
accordance with Sections
404.4.1, and 404.4.2, provided the structural system is approved in accordance with Section
401.10.1. ‘
404.4.4 The structural system shall be designed to resist the factored loads in load combinations
given in Section 404.3 without exceeding the appropriate member design strengths, considering
one or more continuous load paths from the point of load application or origination to the final
point of resistance.
404.4.5 Structural systems shall be designed to accommodate anticipated volume change and
differential settlement.
404.4.6 Seismic-Force-Resisting System

404.4.6.1 Every structure shall be assigned to a seismic zones 4, or 2, in accordance with the
general building code or as determined by the authority having jurisdiction in areas without a
legally adopted building code.
404.4.6.2 Structural systems designated as part of the seismic-force-resisting system shall be
restricted to those systems designated by the general building code or as determined by the
authority having jurisdiction in areas without a legally adopted building code.
404.5 Structural Analysis

404.5.1 Analytical procedures shall satisfy compatibility of deformations and equilibrium of forces
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404.6 Strength
404.6.1 Design strength of a member and its joints and connections, in terms of moment, axial
force, shear, torsion, and bearing, shall be taken as the nominal strength, Sn, multiplied by the
applicable strength reduction factor Φ.
404.6.2 Structures and structural members shall have design strength at all sections, ΦSn, greater
than or equal to the required strength U calculated for the factored loads and forces in such
combinations as required by this Section or the general building code.
404.7 Serviceability
404.7.1 Evaluation of performance at service load conditions shall consider reactions, moments,
torsions, shears, and axial forces induced by pre-stressing, creep, shrinkage, temperature change,
axial deformation, restraint of attached structural members, and foundation settlement.
404.7.2 For structures, structural members, and their connections, the requirements of Section
404.7.1 shall be deemed to be satisfied if designed in accordance with the provisions of the
applicable member sections.
404.8 Durability
404.8.1 Concrete mixtures shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of Sections
419.3.2 and 426.4, considering applicable environmental exposure to provide required durability.
404.8.2 Reinforcement shall be protected from corrosion in accordance with Section 420.6.
Section 405. Loads

405.2.1 Loads shall include self-weight; applied loads; and effects of prestressing, earthquakes,
restraint of volume change, and differential settlement.
405.2.2 Loads and seismic zones shall be in accordance with the general building code, or
determined by another authority having jurisdiction in areas without a legally adopted building
code.
405.2.3 Live load reductions shall be permitted in accordance with the general building code or,
in the absence of a general building code, in accordance with ASCE/SEI 7.
405.3 Load Factors and Combinations

405.3.1 Required strength, 17, shall be at least equal to the effects of factored loads in Table
405.3.1, with exceptions and additions in Sections 405.3.3 through 405.3.12.
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Table 405.3.1 Load Combinations
Load Designations Equation Primary Load
U = 1.4D 405.31a D
U = 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5 (Lr or R) 405.31b L
U = 1.2D + 1.6(Lr or R) + (1.0L or 0.5W) 405.31c Lr or R
U = 1.2D + 1.0W + 1.0L + 0.5 (Lr or R) 405.31d W
U = 1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L 405.31e E
U = 0.9D + 1.0W 405.31f W
U = 0.9D + 1.0E 405.31g E
405.3.2 The effect of one or more loads not acting simultaneously shall be investigated.
405.3.3 The load factor on live load L in Eqs. 405.3. lc, 405.3. Id, and 405.3. le shall be
permitted to be reduced to 0.5 except for (a), (b), or (c):
a. Garages;
b. Areas occupied as places of public assembly;
c. Areas where L is greater than 4.8 kPa.
405.3.4 If applicable, L shall include (a) through (f):
a. Concentrated live loads;
b. Vehicular loads;
c. Crane loads;
d. Loads on hand rails, guardrails, and vehicular
barrier systems;
e. Impact effects;
f. Vibration effects.
405.3.5 If wind load W is based on service-level loads, 1.6W shall be used in place of 1.OW in
Eqs. 405. 3. Id and 405.3. If, and 0. 8W shall be used in place of 0. 5W in Eq. 405.3.1c.
Section 406. Structural Analysis

406.2. General
406.2.1 Members and structural systems shall be permitted to be modeled in accordance with
Section 406.3.
406.2.2 All members and structural systems shall be analyzed for the maximum effects of loads
including the arrangements of live load in accordance with Section 406.4.
406.2.3 Methods of analysis permitted by this Section shall be (a) through (e):
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a. The simplified method for analysis of continuous beams and one-way slabs for gravity
loads in Section 406.5;
b. First-order in Section 406.6;
c. Elastic second-order in Section 406.7 (d) inelastic second-orders in Section 406.8 (e)
Finite element in Section 406.9;
d. Inelastic second-order in Section 406.8;
e. Finite element in Section 406.9.
406.2.4.1 Two-way slabs shall be permitted to be analyzed for gravity loads in accordance with
(a) or (b):
a. Direct design method in Section 408.10;
b. Equivalent frame method in Section 408.1 L 406.2.4.2 Slender walls shall be permitted
to be analyzed in accordance with Section 41 1.8 for out-of-plane effects.
406.2.5 Slenderness effects shall be permitted to be neglected if (a) or (b) is satisfied:
where M1/M2 is negative if the column is bent in single curvature, and positive for double
curvature.
If bracing elements resisting lateral movement of a storey have a total stiffness of at least 12 times
the gross lateral stiffness of the columns in the direction considered, it shall be permitted to
consider columns within the storey to be braced against sidesway.
406.2.5.1 The radius of gyration, r, shall be permitted to be calculated by (a),(b),or (c):
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b. 0.30 times the dimension in the direction stability is being considered for rectangular
columns;
c. 0.25 times the diameter of circular columns.
Section 407. One-way Slabs

407.2 General
407.2.1 The effects of concentrated loads and openings shall be considered in design.
407.2.2 Materials
407.2.2.1 Design properties for concrete shall be selected to be in accordance with
Section 419.
407.2.2.2 Design properties for steel reinforcement shall be selected to be in accordance
with Section 420.
407.2.2.3 Materials, design and detailing requirements for embedments in concrete shall
be in accordance with Section 420.7.
407.3 Design Limits

407.3.1 Minimum Slab Thickness
407.3.1.1 For solid non-prestressed slabs not supporting or attached to partitions or other
construction likely to be damaged by large deflections, overall slab thickness h shall not be less
than the limits in Table 407.3.1.1, unless the calculated deflection limits of Section 407.3.2 are
satisfied.
Table 407.3.1.1 Minimum Thickness of Solid Non-prestressed One-Way Slabs

Support condition Minimum h
Simply supported l/20
One end continuous l/24
Both ends continuous l/28
Cantilever l/10
407.3.1.1.1 For fy other than 420 MPa, the expressions in Table 407.3.1.1 shall be multiplied by
(0. 4 + fy/ 700).
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placed monolithically with the floor slab, or if the floor finish is designed to be composite with the
floor slab in accordance with Section 416.4.
immediate and time-dependent deflections shall be calculated in accordance with Section 424.2
and shall not exceed the limits in Section 424.2.2.
407.3.3 Reinforcement Strain Limit in NonPrestressed Slabs
407.3.3.1 For non-prestressed slabs, εt shall be at least 0.004.
407.3.1.1.3 For non-prestressed composite slabs made of a combination of lightweight and
normal weight concrete that are shored during construction, where the lightweight concrete is in
compression, the modifier of Section 407.3.1.1.2 shall apply.
placed monolithically with the floor slab, or if the floor finish is designed to be composite with
the floor slab in accordance with Section 416.4.
immediate and time-dependent deflections shall be calculated in accordance with Section 424.2
and shall not exceed the limits in Section 424.2.2
407.3.2.2 For non-prestressed composite concrete slabs satisfying Section 407.3.1, deflections
occurring after the member becomes composite need not be calculated. Deflections occurring
before the member becomes composite shall be investigated, unless the precomposite thickness
also satisfies Section 407.3.1.
407.5 Design Strength Prestressed Slabs

407.5.1 General
407.5.1.1 For each applicable factored load combination, design strength at all sections shall
satisfy ΦSn > U including (a) and (b):
a. ΦMn ≥ Mu
b. ΦVn ≥ Vu
Interaction between load effects shall be considered.
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407.5.1.2 0 shall be determined in accordance with Section 421.2.
407.4 Required Strength

407.4.1 General
407.4.1.1 Required strength shall be calculated in accordance with the factored load
combinations in Section 405.
407.4.1.2 Required strength shall be calculated in accordance with the analysis procedures in
Section 406.
407.4.1.3 For prestressed slabs, effects of reactions induced by prestressing shall be considered
in accordance with Section 405.3.1 1.
407.4.2 Factored Moment
407.4.2.1 For slabs built integrally with supports, Mu at the support shall be permitted to be
407.4.3 Factored Shear
407.4.3.1 For slabs built integrally with supports, Vu at the support shall be permitted to be
407.7 Reinforcement Detailing

407.7.1 General
407.7.1.1 Concrete cover for reinforcement shall be in accordance with Section 420.6.1.
407.7.1.2 Development lengths of deformed and prestressed reinforcement shall be in
accordance with Section 425.4.
407.7.1.3 Splices of deformed reinforcement shall be in accordance with Section 425.5.
407.7.1.4 Bundled bars shall be in accordance with Section 425.6
407.7.2 Reinforcement Spacing
407.7.2.1 Minimum spacing s shall be in accordance with Section 425.2.
407.7.2.2 For non-prestressed and Class C prestressed slabs, spacing of bonded longitudinal
reinforcement closest to the tension face shall not exceed s calculated in accordance with Section
424.3.
407.7.2.3 Maximum spacing s of deformed reinforcement shall be the lesser of 3/i and 450 mm.
407.7.2.4 Spacing of reinforcement required by Section 407.5.2.3 shall not exceed the lesser of
5h and 450 mm.
407.7.3 Flexural Reinforcement in Non-Prestressed Slabs
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407.7.3.1 Calculated tensile or compressive force in reinforcement at each section of the slab
shall be developed on each side of that section.
407.7.3.2 Critical locations for development of reinforcement are points of maximum stress and
points along the span where bent or terminated tension reinforcement is no longer required to
resist flexure.
407.7.3.3 Reinforcement shall extend beyond the point at which it is no longer required to resist
flexure for a distance at least the greater of d and 12db> except at supports of simply-supported
spans and at free ends of cantilevers.
407.7.3.4 Continuing flexural tension reinforcement shall have an embedment length at least €d
beyond the point where bent or terminated tension reinforcement is no longer required to resist
flexure.
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Steel and Metals
SECTION 502
502.3.3 Design Strength Using Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)
Design according to the provisions for Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) satisfies the
requirements of this Specification when the design strength of each structural component equals
or exceeds the required strength determined on the basis of the LRFD load combinations. All
provisions of this Specification, except for those in Section 502.3.4, shall apply.
Ru ≤ ΦRn
where
Ru = required strength (LRFD)
Φ = resistance factor
ΦRn = design strength
502.3.4 Design for Strength Using Allowable Strength Design (ASD)

Ra ≤ Rn/Ω
where
Ra = required strength (ASD)
Ω = safety factor
Rn/Ω = allowable strength
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Design Standards
The design standards used are taken from the following codes and standards:
4. National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) Vol. 1-2010 edition (PD 1096)
6. National Structural Code of the Philippines 2010
The structural code provides the necessary guidelines in the design and requirement
for structural systems that will be constructed. The code includes guiding principles
to ensure that the design will safeguard the public health and safety in the country.
The National Structural Code of the Philippines is the main reference for all the
design schemes throughout the project.
Loadings. The loadings include dead and live loads. The loads used in the design are based on the
information provided by the code.
Wind Loads. The wind load is calculated using specifications that is based on the procedure as
stated in NSCP 2010 6th Ed. 2010, Section 207.
Seismic Loads. The seismic load is calculated using specifications that are based on the procedures
as stated in NSCP 2010 6th Ed. 2010, Section 208.
Load Combinations. Concrete elements were designed using the following combinations:
Where load and resistance factor design (ultimate strength design) is used, structures and all
portions thereof shall resist the most critical sections from the following combinations of factored
loads:
: 1.4DL
: 1.2DL + 1.6LL
: 1.2DL + 0.8L
: 1.2DL + EL
: DL + 0.7EL
: 1.2DL + 0.5LL + 1.6WL
: 0.9DL + 1.6WL
: 0.9DL + 1.0EL
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Where allowable stress design (working stress design) is used, structures and all portions thereof
shall resist the most critical effects resulting from the following combinations of loads:
: D+F
: D+H+F+L+T
: D + H +F + (Lr or T)
: D + H + F + 0.75[L + T + (Lr or R)]
E
: D + H + F + (W or )
1.4
No increase in allowable stresses shall be used with these load combinations.
Design References
This design project conforms to the following codes and standards and references:
7. American Concrete Institute (ACI)

8. American Standards for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
10. National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP-2010)
Material Specifications:
Yield strength of concrete (f’c) = 28 MPa (28 days) for columns and beams
Yield strength of steel (fy) = 415 MPa
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Trade offs
Reinforced Concrete Design vs Steel Design
Trade-off Flow Chart
GEOMETRIC
MODELING
Compressive Strength: 28
mPa (ALL) DESIGN USD AND WSD
SPECIFICATION SYSTEM
Steel Yield Strength:
415 mPa (Beam, Slab,

Columns)
DECIDED TRADE-OFF
MATERIAL
PROPERTIES (RCD vs Steel)
TRADE-OFF
VALIDATION
SENSITIVITY
ANALYSIS
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Constraints vs RCD vs Steel
1. Economic (Cost)
Reinforced Concrete Design – Beams (USD v WSD)
USD
Beam Details Concreting Formworks
Length Base Height Clear Cover Volume Cost Labor Area Cost Labor
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m3) (Php) (Php) (sq. m) (Php) (Php)
B1 6 0.55 0.65 75 2.145 6435 1608.75 11.815 1748.62 437.155
Main Reinforcement
Bar Size Qty Bars of 6m length Bars in kg
Total Nos. Rate
of Bars
of (6m)
BarAmount of BarBars in kg Rate in kg Amount inLabor
kg
10 mm 0 83.9 0 0 22.7 0 0
12 mm 0 120.95 0 0 22.7 0 0
16 mm 42 34.86 213.03 7426.2258 346.5 22.5 7796.25 3551.625
20 mm 0 332.91 0 0 22.5 0 0
25 mm 0 520.16 0 0 22.5 0 0
28 mm 0 652.59 0 0 22.5 0 0
32 mm 0 859.83 0 0 22.7 0 0
36 mm 0 1088.24 0 0 22.7 0 0
40 mm 0 1373.21 0 0 23.2 0 0
50 mm 0 2191.73 0 0 23.2 0 0
7426.2258 7796.25
Link Bars (Stirrups/Ties)

Total Nos. Rate
of Bars
of (6m)
kg
10 mm 0.105 0.23835 83.9 19.997565 0.9282 22.7 21.07014 9.51405
12 mm 0 120.95 0 0 22.7 0 0
16 mm 0 213.03 0 0 22.5 0 0
20 mm 0 332.91 0 0 22.5 0 0
25 mm 0 520.16 0 0 22.5 0 0
28 mm 0 652.59 0 0 22.5 0 0
32 mm 0 859.83 0 0 22.7 0 0
36mm 0 1088.24 0 0 22.7 0 0
40 mm 0 1373.21 0 0 23.2 0 0
50 mm 0 2191.73 0 0 23.2 0 0
19.997565 21.07014
Total 15629.84 16000.94
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WSD
Beam Details Concreting Formworks
B1 6 0.7 0.8 75 3.36 10080 2520 14.92 2208.16 552.04
Main Reinforcement
Total Nos. Rate
of Bars
of (6m)
Bar Amount of Bar Bars in kg Rate in kg Amount in kg Labor
10 mm 0 83.9 0 0 22.7 0 0
12 mm 0 120.95 0 0 22.7 0 0
16 mm 34 28.22 213.03 6011.7066 280.5 22.5 6311.25 2875.125
20 mm 0 332.91 0 0 22.5 0 0
25 mm 0 520.16 0 0 22.5 0 0
28 mm 0 652.59 0 0 22.5 0 0
32 mm 0 859.83 0 0 22.7 0 0
36 mm 0 1088.24 0 0 22.7 0 0
40 mm 0 1373.21 0 0 23.2 0 0
50 mm 0 2191.73 0 0 23.2 0 0
6011.7066 6311.25

Total Nos. Rate
of Bars
of (6m)
10 mm 0.19 0.4313 83.9 36.18607 1.6796 22.7 38.12692 17.2159
12 mm 0 120.95 0 0 22.7 0 0
16 mm 0 213.03 0 0 22.5 0 0
20 mm 0 332.91 0 0 22.5 0 0
25 mm 0 520.16 0 0 22.5 0 0
28 mm 0 652.59 0 0 22.5 0 0
32 mm 0 859.83 0 0 22.7 0 0
36mm 0 1088.24 0 0 22.7 0 0
40 mm 0 1373.21 0 0 23.2 0 0
50 mm 0 2191.73 0 0 23.2 0 0
36.18607 38.12692
Total 18336.05 18637.53692
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Reinforced Concrete Design – Columns (USD v WSD)
USD
Column Details Concreting Formworks
C1 5 0.7 0.7 75 2.45 7350 1837.5 14.49 2144.52 90.65
Main Reinforcement
Total Nos. Rate
of Bars
of (6m)
kg
10 mm 0 83.9 0 0 22.7 0 0
12 mm 0 120.95 0 0 22.7 0 0
16 mm 0 213.03 0 0 22.5 0 0
20 mm 0 332.91 0 0 22.5 0 0
25 mm 0 520.16 0 0 22.5 0 0
28 mm 16 13.28 652.59 8666.3952 353.6 22.5 7956 3624.4
32 mm 0 859.83 0 0 22.7 0 0
36 mm 0 1088.24 0 0 22.7 0 0
40 mm 0 1373.21 0 0 23.2 0 0
50 mm 0 2191.73 0 0 23.2 0 0
8666.3952 7956

Bar Size Spacing Bars of 6m length Bars in kg
Total Nos. Rate
of Bars
of (6m)
kg
10 mm 0.45 1.0215 83.9 85.70385 3.978 22.7 90.3006 40.7745
12 mm 0 120.95 0 0 22.7 0 0
16 mm 0 213.03 0 0 22.5 0 0
20 mm 0 332.91 0 0 22.5 0 0
25 mm 0 520.16 0 0 22.5 0 0
28 mm 0 652.59 0 0 22.5 0 0
32 mm 0 859.83 0 0 22.7 0 0
36mm 0 1088.24 0 0 22.7 0 0
40 mm 0 1373.21 0 0 23.2 0 0
50 mm 0 2191.73 0 0 23.2 0 0
85.70385 90.3006
Total 18246.62 17540.82
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WSD
Column Details Concreting Formworks
C1 5 0.7 0.7 75 2.45 7350 1837.5 14.49 2144.52 90.65
Main Reinforcement
Total Nos. Rate
of Bars
of (6m)
10 mm 0 83.9 0 0 22.7 0 0
12 mm 0 120.95 0 0 22.7 0 0
16 mm 0 213.03 0 0 22.5 0 0
20 mm 0 332.91 0 0 22.5 0 0
25 mm 0 520.16 0 0 22.5 0 0
28 mm 8 6.64 652.59 4333.1976 176.8 22.5 3978 1812.2
32 mm 0 859.83 0 0 22.7 0 0
36 mm 0 1088.24 0 0 22.7 0 0
40 mm 0 1373.21 0 0 23.2 0 0
50 mm 0 2191.73 0 0 23.2 0 0
4333.1976 3978

Total Nos. Rate
of Bars
of (6m)
10 mm 0.45 1.0215 83.9 85.70385 3.978 22.7 90.3006 40.7745
12 mm 0 120.95 0 0 22.7 0 0
16 mm 0 213.03 0 0 22.5 0 0
20 mm 0 332.91 0 0 22.5 0 0
25 mm 0 520.16 0 0 22.5 0 0
28 mm 0 652.59 0 0 22.5 0 0
32 mm 0 859.83 0 0 22.7 0 0
36mm 0 1088.24 0 0 22.7 0 0
40 mm 0 1373.21 0 0 23.2 0 0
50 mm 0 2191.73 0 0 23.2 0 0
85.70385 90.3006
Total 13913.42 13562.8206
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Steel Design – Beams (LRFD v ASD)
LRFD
Length Cost Labor
B1 6 21990 400 22390
Qty 1
ASD
Pcs Cost Labor
B1 6 21990 400 22390
Qty 3
Steel Design – Columns (LRFD v ASD)

LRFD
Length Cost Labor
C1 5 18325 400 18725
ASD
Pcs Cost Labor
C1 5 18325 400 18725
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2. Safety Assessment (Story Drift)
Steel buildings are also safe during earthquakes! A steel structure will remain erect in
Seismic Zone 4, which is the highest classification of seismic zone, which get the most shifting
grounds and seismic waves. They are flexible, which makes them very good at resisting
dynamic (changing) forces such as wind or earthquake forces. It can bend without cracking,
which acts as a warning in seismic zones.
3. Constructability (Duration)
Using time element as the starting point, steel-frame construction helps reduce
construction time with on-site erection of the steel frame. This means less overhead costs
during project construction. For high-rise buildings the time gain can be considerable. With
the advancements in building information modeling, integrating the design and fabrication of
steel has resulted in an accelerated process. Although steel-frame construction is faster, the
procurement, fabrication and delivery of steel may take 6 to 10 months lead time. Steel
members can be assembled in factories providing better quality control whereas pouring of on-
site concrete is subject to labor-intensive systems that may affect quality.
4. Sustainability
Structural steel is nearly 100% recyclable as well as 90% of all Structural Steel used
today is created from recycled steel. Due to its long lifespan, steel can be used as well as
adapted multiple times with little to no compromise to its structural integrity. When
manufactured, fabricated and treated properly, structural steel will have a minimal impact on
the environment.
The elements within concrete are natural to our environment, reducing the harm to our
world. Concrete may be crushed and used in future mixtures. This type of recycling can reduce
a presence of concrete in landfills.
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5. Safety
Steel is inherently a non-combustible material. However, when heated to extreme
temperatures, its strength can be significantly compromised. Therefore, the IBC requires steel
to be covered in additional fire resistant materials to improve safety.
The composition of concrete makes it naturally fire resistant and in line with all
International Building Codes (IBC). When concrete is used for building construction, many of
the other components used in construction are not fire resistant. Professionals should adhere to
all safety codes when in the building process to prevent complications within the overall
structure.
Overall, metal buildings have superior standards when it comes to offering protection
from intruders, pest infestations, the elements, and natural disasters. Because metal prefab
buildings are professionally constructed and pre-engineered according to your professional,
environmental, and personal needs, they are quickly becoming the number-one choice for all
types of construction.
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Trade-off Analysis
The value presented in the criterion’s importance is subjective; the final value will be
depending on the client and the designer’s decision. The amount of importance scale in the
economic constraint criteria is 35 which mean that the structure must be inexpensive without
sacrificing the durability of the structure, which has an importance scale of 35. The constructability
of the structure is rank as 15 because the constructability of the structure mainly influence time
which has factors that has too many uncertainties. The sustainability and health factors are ranked
as 10 for attaining a green building with less risk on the occupants are to be given more importance.
Trade-off Table
The Trade-offs is based on the constraints were considered to satisfy the constraint. The designer
provided a model on trade-off strategies in engineering design by Otto and Antonsson (1991),
scaled the criterion’s importance from 0 to 5, 5 being the highest and likewise, to satisfy the ability
of the criterion it was scaled also from 0 to 5, 5 being the highest to provide the client an option
into which one of the two designs will be preferred.
Computation of ranking for ability to satisfy criterion of materials:
𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒−𝐿𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
% 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = Equation 3-1
𝐿𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑘 = 𝐺𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑘 (% 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒)(10) Equation 3-2
The governing rank is the subjective value set by the designers. It depends on the designers own
discrepancy on ranking the importance of each constraint. The subordinate rank in Equation 3-2 is
a variable that corresponds to its percentage distance from the governing rank along the ranking
scale.
Figure
0-3. Ranking Scale
4.2.1 Raw Designer’s Ranking
Trade-off Table
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The designer comes up with a raw ranking between RCD and steel structre after
considering the design constraints. On how the two systems are ranked is discussed and shown
below.
Table 4-3. Raw Designer’s Ranking
Criterion’s
Ability to Satisfy the Criterion
Importance
Decision Criteria
(On a scale of 0 to 5)
(On a scale of 0 to 5)
RCD Steel
1. Economic (Cost) 30 5 3.93
2. Safety (Against
35 4.74 5
Lateral Deflection)
3. Constructability
15 4 5
(Duration)
4. Sustainability 10 3.95 5
5. Health and Safety 10 5
Over-all Rank 465.26 460.05
* Reference: Otto, K.N. and Antonsson, E.K. (1991). Trade-off strategies in engineering design.
Research in Engineering Design, Volume 3, Number 2, pages 87 – 104
Retrieved from http://www.design.caltech.edu/Research/Publications/90e.pdf
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After the design of the two alternative trade-offs to satisfy economic, safety,
constructability, sustainability, and health constraints, the designers can now decide as to which
design will be appropriate for the final design of the structure. Based on economic constraints the
trade-offs were ranked based on their corresponding cost. The main influence of the economic
constraint is that the availability of the budget is limited.
For safety, it plays a part in the design of the building. The two lateral resisting frames
were ranked according as to which will be more feasible. The designer determined the amount of
average drift of each system and compared the two. The lateral deflection must not exceed the
maximum drift based on the NSCP 6th 2010, Section 208.
For constructability, the designer calculated the duration of the work of the two systems. It
was found that constructing the moment resisting frame will consume less time than constructing
the dual system. This is because of the amount of reinforcement used in shear walls and its
installation.
For sustainability, the designer investigated the materials used in achieving a sustainable
green building utilizing innovative approaches and techniques based on the LEED v4 for Building
and Construction.
For safety and health, factor of safety for each system design are calculated for the analysis
for this constraint. Degree of risk of the materials are also to be put in consideration.
Economic Assessment
Due to economic constraint, the designer provided a comparison between the two
designs which will be more economical to construct. Assessing the two system with regards to
cost, the designer gave a higher ranking to Reinforced Concrete Structure because it has less steel
works compared to Steel Structure.
Economic Assessment
41115
33876.46
COST
RCD (USD) STEEL (LRFD)
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Safety Assessment
Measuring the safety of the structure Steel Structure has a higher ranking than
Reinforced Concrete Structure because that the story drift will be lesser when the structural frame
contains a shear wall that will resist lateral loads.
Safety Assessment
95
90
SAFETY
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Constructability Assessment
Based on constructability, construction time of the structure will have less time in
steel structure to erect than that of the reinforced concrete and it can be used soon after their
erection.
Constructbility Assessment
12
10
DURATION
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Sustainability
From the given data of sustainability, the steel structure system uses the resources
available to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations
to also meet their own needs. The manufacture and/or use of the product employs renewable
resources.
Sustainability Assessment
95
75
RENEWABLE
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Health and Safety
Indeed, engineers have literally helped better the lives of thousands, even millions,
through their designs. Designing a “safe” product it does not mean that it cannot fail or that we
cannot get hurt or killed by the product. For the reinforced concrete structure system, the degree
of risk of the occupants/users is considered to be more acceptable.
Health and Safety Assessment
95
80
RISK FREE
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Sensitivity Analysis 1
TABLE 1
CRITERION
TRADE OFF BETWEEN
DESIGN CRITERIA UNIT IMPORTANCE
FACTOR
VALUE RANK VALUE RANK
COST Php/M 20 33876.46 5 41115 3.931627
SAFETY % 20 90 4.736842 95 5
DURATION Days 20 12 4 10 5
SUSTAINABILITY % 20 75 3.947368 95 5
HEALTH % 20 95 5 80 4.210526
OVERALL RANK 453.6842 462.8431
TABLE 1
CRITERION
TRADE OFF BETWEEN
RCD STEEL
FACTOR
COST Php 30 33876.46 5 41115 3.931627
SAFETY % 20 90 4.736842 95 5
SUSTAINABILITY 10 75 3.947368 95 5
HEALTH 10 95 5 80 4.210526
OVERALL RANK 454.2105 460.0541
TABLE 1
CRITERION
TRADE OFF BETWEEN
RCD STEEL
FACTOR
COST Php 50 33876.46 5 41115 3.931627
SAFETY % 20 90 4.736842 95 5
HEALTH 10 95 5 80 4.210526
OVERALL RANK 474.2105 438.6866
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TABLE 1
CRITERION
TRADE OFF BETWEEN
RCD STEEL
FACTOR
COST Php 20 33876.46 5 41115 3.931627
SAFETY % 50 90 4.736842 95 5
HEALTH 10 95 5 80 4.210526
OVERALL RANK 466.3158 470.7378
TABLE 1
CRITERION
TRADE OFF BETWEEN
RCD STEEL
FACTOR
COST Php 30 33876.46 5 41115 3.931627
SAFETY % 35 90 4.736842 95 5
HEALTH 10 95 5 80 4.210526
OVERALL RANK 465.2632 460.0541
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ANALYSIS COST SAFETY DURATION SUSTAINABILITY HEALTH RCD STEEL

TRADE 30 35 15 10 10 465.2631579 460.0541
SEN 1 20 20 20 20 20 453.6842105 462.8431
SEN 2 30 20 30 10 10 454.2105263 460.0541
SEN 3 50 20 10 10 10 474.2105263 438.6866
SEN 4 20 50 10 10 10 466.3157895 470.7378
462.7368421 458.4751
Sensitivity Analysis
480
475.88
470 470.7378
467.76 467.98
462.84
460 460.05 460.05
459.21
457.02
450
440 438.69
430
420
T 1 2 3 4
RCD Steel
Conclusion:
Based on the graph shown above, there’s a high discrepancy between reinforced concrete
structure and steel structure if cost is given of much importance. Although, if the criteria is given
of equal importance, the steel structure is higher in rating. However for the chosen criteria which
is 30 for cost, 35 for safety, 15 on duration, and 10 for both sustainability and health, reinforced
concrete structure exceeds the steel structure. Also, if the average of all the results are to be taken,
reinforced concrete design still exceeds the steel structure.
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Chapter 8. Final Design

Proposed Four-Storey Convention Center with Provision of Skulight
An attempt to design a four storey convention center with provision of skylight in the Philippines.
For the design, the researchers based on the National Structural Code of the Philippines 2010. In
this proposal, a convention center is designed and is located near the Batangas Port with a 11413.43
sq. m. floor area. It is proposed to have 9 exhibit halls distributed from first to third levels of the
convention center and a commercial space given for the fourth level. The auditorium has a total
floor area of 2524 sq. m. that can hold up to 3000 audience. It will also have a skylight at the
auditorium instead of energy consuming lights.
The basic requirements of convention centers which are ease of transportation, access to focal
points of the city and closeness to meeting venues are met on this site. Proposed hospitals,
government, commercial functions, university campuses are to be designed closed to each other to
build an effective metropolis
The project will have a built skylight at the main event area to minimize energy consumption and
lighting costs. Skylights cut down on the earth’s emissions and the need for electric lighting
naturally. Also, solar energy is unlimited. Natural light also brings brighter, white daylight than
conventional bulbs. So, having skylight installed is very beneficial since it also gives an ‘up’ to
aesthetics field.
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Summary of Final Design

Beam
At Support At Midspan At Center
Dimension Diameter
Beam Bottom Top Reinforcement
of Bar
B H Reinforecement Reinforcement Bars
Left 350 500 16 6 4 -
B1 Middle 350 500 16 8 6 -
Right 350 500 16 8 6 -
Left 500 600 16 12 10 -
B2 Middle 500 600 16 14 12 -
FIRST FLOOR LEVEL
Right 500 600 16 16 14 -

Left 550 650 16 12 10 2
B3 Middle 550 650 16 14 12 2
Right 550 650 16 14 12 2
Left 400 550 16 8 6 -
B4 Middle 400 550 16 8 6 -
Right 400 550 16 8 6 -
Left 400 500 16 8 6 -
B5 Middle 400 500 16 10 8 -
Right 400 500 16 8 6 -
Left 350 500 16 8 6 -

B1 Middle 350 500 16 8 6 -
Right 350 500 16 8 6 -
Left 500 600 16 12 10 -
B2
SECOND FLOOR LEVEL
Middle 500 600 16 14 12 -

Right 500 600 16 12 10 -
Left 550 650 16 12 10 2
B3 Middle 550 650 16 14 12 2
Right 550 650 16 12 10 2
Left 400 550 16 8 6 -
B4 Middle 400 550 16 10 8 -
Right 400 550 16 10 8 -
Left 400 500 16 18 16 -
B5 Middle 400 500 16 10 8 -
Right 400 500 16 8 6 -
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Left 350 500 16 8 6 -
B1 Middle 350 500 16 8 6 -
Right 350 500 16 8 6 -
Left 500 600 16 12 10 -
B2 Middle 500 600 16 14 12 -
THIRD FLOOR LEVEL
Right 500 600 16 12 10 -

Left 550 650 16 12 10 2
B3 Middle 550 650 16 14 12 2
Right 550 650 16 12 10 2
Left 400 550 16 8 6 -
B4 Middle 400 550 16 10 8 -
Right 400 550 16 8 6 -
Left 400 500 16 10 8 -
B5 Middle 400 500 16 10 8 -
Right 400 500 16 10 8 -
Left 350 500 16 6 4 -

B1 Middle 350 500 16 6 4 -
Right 350 500 16 8 6 -
FOURTH FLOOR LEVEL
Left 500 600 16 12 10 -

B2 Middle 500 600 16 12 10 -
Right 500 600 16 12 10 -
Left 550 650 16 12 10 2
B3 Middle 550 650 16 12 10 2
Right 550 650 16 12 10 2
Left 400 550 16 8 6 -
B4 Middle 400 550 16 8 6 -
Right 400 550 16 8 6 -
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Column
b h
Designation Design
(mm) (mm)
Use 12 - 28 mm bar with 10 mm ties @ 450mm O.C.
C1 500 500
C2 550 550
C3 550 550
C4 700 700
C5 700 700
C6 700 700
C7 550 550
C8 700 700
C9 700 700
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Slab
Reinforcement
Slab Thickness Diameter of bar
Floor level Remarks Along short side
Designation of slab
Main bar Temp bar Main Bars Main bar Spacing Temp Bars Temp Spacing
1st floor -
S1 One-Way Slab 150 12 10 10 pcs 450 mm 3 pcs 290 mm
4th floor
Remarks Thk
S1 150 - -
Way @ 370mm @ 290mm
Roof
S2 140
Way @ 305mm @ 405mm @ 305mm @ 405mm
Detailing:

150 mm
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Footing
PILE FOOTING
qa 80 Depth 4
Column Dim Pile Dim d h
Piles
mm mm pcs mm mm mm
F1 C1 500 350 4 2000 2500 OK 2000 32 17
F2 C2 550 350 4 2000 2500 OK 2000 32 17
F3 C3 550 350 4 2000 2500 OK 2000 32 17
F4 C4 700 350 4 2000 2500 OK 2000 32 17
F5 C5 700 350 4 2000 2500 OK 2000 32 17
F6 C6 700 350 4 2000 2500 OK 2000 32 17
F7 C7 550 350 4 2000 2500 OK 2000 32 17
F8 C8 700 350 4 2000 2500 OK 2000 32 17
F9 C9 700 350 4 2000 2500 OK 2000 32 17
500 mm
350mm
2m
700mm 1000mm
500 mm
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Footing Tie Beam
Span Column Column Depth LL wall Self Wt Total Load Factored Bending Moment Dia Bars No. of Bars Vu Spacing
mm mm kN/m kN/m kN/m kN/m kN-m d2 mm pcs kN mm
FTB1 6000 C2 C4 500 12.573 2.478 15.051 23.0904 57.15355 287.8042 SAFE 25 4 62.92134 SAFE 450
FTB2 6000 C1 C5 500 12.573 2.478 15.051 23.0904 57.6791 289.1244 SAFE 25 4 63.20997 SAFE 450
FTB3 6000 C12 C6 500 12.573 2.478 15.051 23.0904 55.59134 283.8435 SAFE 25 4 62.05545 SAFE 450
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Other Design Context
I. Design of Septic Tank
Septic Tank
Technical Data in Determining the Volume of the Septic Tank (Sect 3-4 of Plumbing Estimates and Construction by Max Fajardo)
1 Minimum Width = 0.90m
2 Minimum Length = 1.50m
3 Minimum Depth of Liquid = 1.20m
4 For a residential to serve larger number of people allocate 0.14 to 0.17 cu.m of liquid per person
5 For a septic tank to serve 12 persons, the chamber should have a liquid content of not more than 2.0 cu.m
6 For school, commercial and industrial establishment the volume of the tank should not be less than 0.057 cu.m nor more than 0.086 cu.m per person
Determine the size of the Septic tank

From technical data
for industrial establishment: = 0.057 cu.m/head
No. of persons = 2000 heads
V = No.of persons x Volume of water used per person

V = 114 cu.m
Assume 1.0m width for 100 persons
for 2000 persons W = 20 m
the maximum depth = 1.5 m
Length = ?
Solve for Length (Digestion Chamber)
Volume = Length x Width x depth
Length, L = Volume
Width x depth
L1 = 3.8 m
Length of Leaching Well
L2 = L/2
L2 = 1.9
Total Length
L = L1 + L2
L = 5.7 m
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3.80 m 1.90 m
0.30 m
1.50 m
5.70 m
20 m
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II. Design of Shear Wall for Elevator
Table of Summary
Story 4
mm % % mm²/m
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 0.33 0.17 718.65
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 0.33 0.17 625
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 0.33 0.17 625
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 0.33 0.17 625
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 0.33 0.17 625
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 0.33 0.17 923.06
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 0.72 0.17 718.65
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 0.72 0.17 625
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 0.72 0.17 625
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 0.72 0.17 625
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 0.72 0.17 625
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 0.72 0.17 923.06
Story 3
mm % % mm²/m
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 0.71 0.17 2494.12
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 0.71 0.17 2060.37
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 0.71 0.17 1493.11
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 0.71 0.17 1445.9
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 0.71 0.17 2448.19
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 0.71 0.17 2611.72
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 3.76 0.17 2378.41
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 3.76 0.17 2031.89
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 3.76 0.17 1493.11
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 3.76 0.17 1453.79
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 3.76 0.17 2448.19
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 3.76 0.17 2474.63
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Story 2
mm % % mm²/m
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 4.66 0.17 3468.59
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 4.66 0.17 3293.22
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 4.66 0.17 3201.54
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 4.66 0.17 3270.55
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 4.66 0.17 3845.5
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 4.66 0.17 3180.2
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 10.65 0.17 3468.59
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 10.65 0.17 3430.12
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 10.65 0.17 3201.54
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 10.65 0.17 3270.55
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 10.65 0.17 3845.5
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 10.65 0.17 3300.79
Story 1
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 mm 250 % 3.76 % 0.17 mm²/m 2474.63
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 10.78 0.17 3972.14
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 10.78 0.17 4228.92
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 10.78 0.17 3900.19
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 10.78 0.17 4056.99
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 10.78 0.17 4888.47
P1 Top Uniform 8 8 250 10.78 0.17 4384.71
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 15.36 0.17 3972.14
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 15.36 0.17 4228.92
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 15.36 0.17 3900.19
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 15.36 0.17 4056.99
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 15.36 0.17 5213.24
P1 Bottom Uniform 8 8 250 15.36 0.17 4384.71
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III. Staircase
Design of Staircase
Data:
Number of Steps in the flight 16 Elevation 5000 mm
Tread 300 mm Elev/2 2500 mm
Rise 155 mm No. of steps 16.12903
Width of landing beams 300 mm Excess 20 mm
f'c 28 Pa Apply Excess to 1st step
fy 450 Pa
Width of Staircase 1200 mm
Effective Span
Effective Span 5100 mm
Thickness of Waist Slab 255 mm
Overall Depth 255 mm
Effective Depth 230 mm
Loads
DL on slab on slope 6.375 kN/m
DL of slab on horizontal span 7.175612 kN/m
DL on one step 0.58125 kN/m
Loads of steps per meter length 2.325 kN/m
Finishes 0.91 kN/m
Total DL 10.99186 kN/m
Service LL 4.8 kN/m
Total Load 15.79186 kN/m
Factored Load 23.68779 kN/m
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Bending Moments
Maximum Bending Moment at Center Span
Mu = 77.01494 kN-m
Check of Depth of Waist Slab

Mu=0.138f'cbd↑2
d= 128.8779 mm Safe
Main Reinforcement
Ast = 903.2265 mm2
Dia Bar = 12
As = 113.0973 mm2
No. of bars = 8 pcs
Distribution Reinforcement
Ast = 367.2 mm2
Dia Bar = 10
As = 78.53982 mm2
No. of bars = 5 pcs
Detailing:
5 – 10mm Φ Temp. Bars
9 – 12mm Φ Main Bars

(Top and bottom)
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IV. Skylight
SKYLIGHT
Dimension 4.2 m
Material Glass
Shape Square
Weight 6335 N
Special Features Leak free, UV blocking
Total Event Area 828 m2

Area Skylight 17.64 m2
No. of Skylight 47
Total Weight 297.745 kN
Total DL 0.359595 kPa
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V. Water Tank
Volume of Water Requirement for one person per day:

Water required per person per day = 227 L
Design Of Water Tank

Number of persons: = 1500 persons
Total Water Requirement = 340500 L/day
1L = 0.001 m3
Volume of Water = 340.5 m3

Assume Height of Water Tank = 2m
Area of Tank = 170.25 m2
Base = 13.05 m
Length = 13.05 m
Dimensions of Water Tank

H = 2m
L = 13.05 m
B = 13.05 m
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2.0 M
13.05 M
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Appendices
Appendix A. Unit Cost of Materials
Unit Unit Cost (Php)
I. General Requirements
a. Mobilization lot 25 000.00
b. Bonds
i. Performances lot 40 000.00
ii. Quarantine Bond lot 25 000.00
c. Permits lot 40 000.00
d. Temporary Facilities
i. Contractors Office lot 12 250.00
ii. Warehouse Barracks lot 30 000.00
e. Temporary Power & Water supply lot 18 000.00
f. Safety Protection lot 15 000.00
g. Materials Handling lot 8 000.00
h. Security Services lot 108 000.00
i. Plans and e-files lot 10 000.00
j. Materials testing lot 10 000.00
k. Cleaning and Haul-out cu.m 2 500.00
l. Board-up fence lot 10 000.00
m. Others
II. Site Preparation

a. Survey lot 4500.00
b. Clearing lot
c. Excavation cu. m
d. Backfill cu. m 1 480.00
e. Application sq. m 200.00
f. Vapor Barrier sq. m 128.00
g. Gravel Bedding cu. m 1 850.00
III. Formworks sq. m 148.00

IV. Rebarworks kgs 41.00
V. Concreting Works cu. m 3000.00
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Appendix B. Unit Cost of Labor
Unit Unit Labor (Php)
I. Site Preparation
a. Survey lot 1350.00
b. Clearing lot 3040.00
c. Excavation cu. m 1420.00
d. Backfill cu. m 298.00
e. Application sq. m 40.00
f. Vapor Barrier sq. m 25.60
g. Gravel Bedding cu. m 330.00
II. Formworks sq. m 37.00

III. Rebarworks kgs 10.25
IV. Concreting Works cu. m 750
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Appendix C. Related Design
The new convention center at the EPFL is part of a building complex, including student housing
for 500 students, a commercial center, a hotel, a restaurant and administrative facilities. The
architectural project, an interpretation is convincing by its strong expression and clear design. The
heart of the convention center is undeniably the main audience hall with 3000 seats. Its ground
level can automatically be changed from an audience configuration with fixed, terraced seating
into a flat levelled floor for a dinner gala or other events. At the lower level, multifunctional and
modular conference rooms can hold up to 1400 people.
Pirazzi, C., Bosso M., & Guscetti G. (2015). Structural design of the roof structure for the
SwissTech convention center in Lausanne. Karlsruhe, HR. ISBN 978-1-138-02837-1. DOI:
10.1201/b18410-8
Hakuna Resort is composed with three major components: indoor waterpark, hotel, and convention
center. These components are connected by expansion joints, which allows each section to be
looked at as separate independent buildings. The main structural system used in this building is
masonry shear walls and precast planks. There are also concrete piers, spread and strip footings,
walls and masonry walls in the foundation and steel framing system in areas that require more
flexible open spaces. The roof system is also precast hollow core planks.
Young, J. (2014). Hakuna Resort. Swiftwater, PA. Retrieved from
https://www.engr.psu.edu/ae/thesis/portfolios/2015/ybj5001/Attachments/Thesis_Proposal.pdf
The Spokane Convention Center Completion Study represents a unique opportunity to strengthen
the identity of the “East Campus” of the Spokane Convention Center Campus. The project is
intended to fully build out the program originally envisioned for the 2005 expansion, while
addressing the needs of facility users, meeting planners and reflecting current trends in the
convention center industry. Above all, the facility will create a signature experience for visitors,
delegates and the general public.
LMN + ALSC. (2011). Spokane Convention Center Completion Study. Washington, DC. Retrieved
from http://www.spokanepfd.org/expansion/documents-raw/SpokaneCC-Completion-Final-
Concept-Design.pdf
The project was totally designed with accordance to nature. Its goal is to create a structure that is
environmentally friendly. The nature is the major model of the project and that would embody the
culture of the people that protects and conserve the environment. The design is imitations of shell
of the turtle for the Proposed International Convention center and the mountainous area of Puerto
Princesa Bay for the hotel Facility. The structure would then complement with nature. It will be
developed as an energy efficient, which uses solar technology and green roof for help cooling the
indoor environment naturally.
Baluarte, M. (2009). The Island ECOvention Palawan International Convention Center.
Retrieved from
https://worldarchitecture.org/architectureprojects/ggph/palawan_internation_convention_center
-project-pages.html
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The Riverside Convention Center was planned to renovate the center to maximize the space and
to add rooms and to create a protruding entrance and to put plaza between the convention center
and its adjacent building, Marriott Hotel. The project was survey and related to the improvements
of the project. Its civil plan was provided for specifications phase and as part of the construction
document.
MSA Consulting Inc. (2013) Riverside Convention Center. Retrieved from
Msaconsultinginc.com/portfolio/riverside-convention-center/
The project concept was about isostasy. It is a project creating a balance in the nature of isostasy.
It will be produced into the exterior roof, columns and continued in the interior spaces. This will
be place in Clark, Pampanga. It will prioritize the exterior before the interior spaces. The project
objective is to give an outcome of reflecting the Philippines and to promote the design of Filipino
architectures. There will be multiple functions for the building like a public space, the green roof
park, Kalinaw twist hike for PWD and the ramp park located at the back. The materials that will
be use is Glass fiber reinforced Concrete and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester on light curved and
bent parts.
Yumul, C., Tua, K. (2015). Kalinaw Asean Convention Center. Retrieved from
https://worldarchitecture.org/architecture-projects/hzgcv/kalinaw_asean_convention_center-
project-pages.html
The project was designed by its flexibility and multi-use structure. This project aims to held
exhibitions, conferences and meetings for large number of people. It will be placed in the network
of freeways where loops central business districts that links the city with its suburbs. The structure
should be adaptable to the surrounding environment and climate conditions; in order for this, the
project will have individual temperature control that reacts to changing room temperatures. In
addition, the structure can have some reflective device to reflect sunlight to the facility that will
lessen the use of energy and can merge the inner and outer atmosphere.
Fung, P. (1997). Convention Center for Dallas, TX. Retrieved from
file:///C:/Users/john/AppData/Local/Temp/31295010065703.pdf
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Conv Center 1

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A Four-Storey Convention Center with Provision of Skylight

Technological Institute of the Philippines

Project Scope and Limitations

This project is intended and is limited only in the course:

The following are not covered in the design project:

1. Column Location Plan

GROUND FLOOR C5 500 500

2C1 500 500

2C2 500 500

2C3 500 500

2C4 500 500

SECOND FLOOR 2C5 500 500

2C6 500 500

2C7 500 500

2C8 500 500

2C9 500 500

3C1 500 500

3C2 500 500

3C3 500 500

3C4 500 500

THIRD FLOOR 3C5 500 500

3C6 500 500

3C7 500 500

3C8 500 500

3C9 500 500

4C1 500 500

4C2 500 500

4C3 500 500

4C4 500 500

FOURTH FLOOR 4C5 500 500

4C6 500 500

4C7 500 500

4C8 500 500

4C9 500 500

1. Design Codes, Standards and Specifications

 Section 701. Occupancy Classified

 Section 805. Ceiling Heights

 Section 806. Sizes and Dimensions of Rooms

 Section 808. Window Openings.

 Section 1207. Stairs, Exits and Occupant Loads.

Material Density Material Density

Table 204-1 Minimum Design Dead Loads

Component Load Component Load Component Load

Grout Wythe Thickness

Table 205-1 Minimum Uniform Concentrated Live Loads

Use or Occupancy Uniform Load Concentrated Load

 Section 207.5.5 Importance Factor

 Section 207.5.6 Exposure

 Section 207.5.7 Topographic Factor

 Section 207.5.8 Gust Effect Factor

 Section 207.5.9 Enclosure Classifications

 Section 207.5.10 Velocity Pressure

 Section 207.5.11 Pressure and Force Coefficients

 Section 207.5.12 Rigid Building for All Heights

 Section 207.5.15 Design Wind Loads on Other Structure

Table 207-2 Wind Directionality Factor, Kd

Structural Type Directionality Factor, Kd*