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Anaphy Reviewer
Anaphy Reviewer
•Tissue Level – consist of similar types of cells. •Control center(set point) – analyzes the
information it receives and determines the
• Tissue – epithelia, connective, muscle
appropriate response or course of action
and nerve
•Effector(output) – provides control center’s
•Organ Level – Organs are made up of different
responseto the stimulus;
types of tissues.
-efferent pathway – pathway from control
• Organ – skin, femur, heart, kidney, etc
center to effector
Feedback Mechanism •Proximal - close to the origin of a body part or
the point of attachment of a limb to the body
•Negative Feedback
trunk
• Prevents sudden, severe changes in the
•Distal - farther from the origin of a body part or
body
to the point of attachment of a limb of a body
• Corrects the set point trunk
•Liquid - have definite volume but conforms to -particle formed when two or more atoms
the shape of container; blood plasma and chemically combine
intestinal fluid
Compound
•Gas - have neither definite shape nor volume;
-particle formed when two or more different
air we breathe
elements chemically combine
Element Bonding of Atoms
-composed of chemically identical atoms - when two atoms combine
● Bulk elements - required by the body in -if 18 atoms or less:
large amounts
• First shell - 2 electrons
●Trace elements - required by the body in
small amounts • Second - up to 8 electrons
●Interphase - very active period; cell grows, • rRNA(Ribosomal RNA) - helps form
maintains routine functions, replicates ribosomes, where proteins are built
genetic material to prepare for nuclear
• mRNA(Messenger RNA) - carry the
division and synthesizes new organelles to
“message” containing instructions for
prepare for cytoplasmic division
protein synthesis from DNA in
• G phase - cell grows and synthesizes nucleus to ribosomes in cytoplasm
structure other than DNA
• tRNA(Transfer RNA) - escort amino
• S phase - cell replicates DNA acids to ribosomes
●Mitosis - produces two daughter cells from ●Transcription - transfer of information from
an original somatic cell sequence of bases in DNA to complementary
sequence of mRNA
●Karyokinesis - Nucleus divides
• Triplet - three-base sequence
●Cytokinesis - Cytoplasm divides sspecifying a particular amino acid on
●Phases of Nurclear division the DNA
- group of cells that are similar in structure ● Transitional Epithelium - stretched; urinary
and function bladder, ureters and urethra
●Cuboidal - has cells whose height and width ●Dense Connective Tissue - strong, ropelike
the same (cube) • Tendons - attach skeletal muscle to
●Columnar - has cells taller that its width bone
(column) • Ligaments - connect bone to bone at
●Simple squamous epithelium - found in joints
lungs and heart; forms serous membrane ●Loose Connective tissue - softer, have
●Simple Cuboidal epithelium - common in more cells and fewer fibers
glands and associated with ducts; kidney and • Areolar Connective tissue - soft,
ovaries “cobwebby”; wraps and protects
●Simple Columnar epithelium -goblet cells organs
produce lubricating mucus; digestive tract to • Adipose connective tissue - fat;
anus protects body from bumps, heat and
●Pseudostratified Columnar epithelium - cold
trachea and upper respiratory system
• Reticular connective tissue - Chapter 4
interwoven;
●Integumentary System (covering) - skin and
●Blood (Vascular Tissue) - consist of blood its various structures
cells surrounded by blood plasma
●Skin Cells - help produce Vitamin D needed
Muscle Tissue for normal bone and tooth development
- specialized to contract in order to produce a ●Keratinocytes - produce substance that
force that causes movement stimulate development of some white blood
cells
●Skeletal Tissue (Voluntary muscle) -
attached to body’s skeleton ●Layers of Skin: