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TRAM

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TERMINOLOGY
1.Introduction

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2.Why TRAM ?
3.Characteristics
4.Layout
5. Construction planning
6.Vehicle characteristics
7.Comparison
8.Advantages
9.Disadvantages
10.Conclusion
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11.References
1.INTRODUCTION

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A tram, tramcar, streetcar, trolley car, or cable
car is a rail vehicle which runs on fixed rails
and designed to travel on streets, sharing road
space with normal traffic and pedestrians.
 Tramways is a medium capacity mode of
mass rapid transport which straddles
between the heavy capacity Metro rail
and the low capacity bus services.
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CONTINUES….
 It is a form of rail transit that utilizes equipment and
infrastructure that is typically less massive than that

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used for heavy rail modes
 This cheap, electrically operated pollution-free
mode, having a high carrying capacity in light rails

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2.WHY TRAM ?

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 An affordable .
 Compared to HRT&LRT cost is less .

 More convenient.

 Noise pollution is less.

 Reduces the emission of green house gases.

 Reduces the traffic congestion.

 Less energy consumption.

 Reduction of usage of fossil fuels

 Easy boarding

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3.CHARACTERISTICS OF TRAM
 Multiple door entry.
 Deliver public transport service on regional than

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urban scale.
 Level boarding.

 Steeper inclines than heavy rail

 Sharp road bends up to 25m radius, minimizing

need for property acquisition and hence ideal for
urban environment.
 Grade separation only in exceptional
circumstances
 Cheap & Affordable
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 Grooved steel rails laid flush with road surface or
ballasted like normal railway track
TYPES

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 Double ended, Single ended
 Articulated

 Double decker

 Low floor

 Tram train

 Restaurant tram

 Rubber tired tram

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MULTIPLE DOOR ENTRY

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LEVEL BOARDING

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4.LAYOUT

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TRACK
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TRACK
5.CONSTRUCTION PLANNING

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 Traffic management during construction
including temporary signage
 Utility diversions particularly Underground
utilities
 Cutting of trees

 Facilities for Pedestrian crossing

 Traffic signal planning, installation and

phasing

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CONTINUES….

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 Planning and providing additional
alternative routes for MV traffic
 Planning for parking of vehicles of
residents along the corridor
 Delays to the movement of motor vehicle
traffic, after construction particularly at the
road junctions
 Public awareness, Lack of lane discipline
and education.
 Supply of Rolling Stock is on critical path 15
6.GENERAL VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS

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7. COMPARISON
Metro Vs Tram System

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 The infrastructure cost is less
 Metro transport is exclusive domain of
metro train only.
 Metro provides higher average speed but
for that the inter station spacing is around
1-3 Km whereas tram provide stoppage
every 300-500 meter. This suits the
passenger to complete the journey to his
destination with only few meters to be
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traveled on foot.
 Tram stops in the street are easily

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accessible to the passenger unlike
metro stations where he is to negotiate
security checks, escalator/stairs etc
 The maintenance cost of Tramways is
much less as compared to metro
system due to very limited
infrastructure
 It is possible to relocate the tram
network.
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BUS VS TRAM SYSTEM

 Tram and road co-exist on the same infrastructure

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 Rail base transport system is energy-efficient as the
train resistance of steel wheel as very low as
compared to rubber tyre wheel.
 Tram system runs on electric system, which can be
sourced from renewable source of energy.
 The track is visible, confirming the path for
tramways and easily approachable by passenger
 Tram can adopt to the peak hours by adding coach
 Passenger comfort is derived where acceleration
and de-acceleration is much smoother as
compared to bus
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 In order to reduce floor height, permanent
magnet synchronous motor can be used
conveniently. Permanent magnet synchronous

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motor is rugged, low weight and volume/HP,
energy-efficient.
 Air Conditioning, auto-door closure makes it
safe mode of transport
 Trams follow road signals. The system can be
designed to have flyovers at major junctions
and signaling at less a busy crossing. It can
either run in the middle of the main road or at
each side..

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TRAM VS. TRAIN

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8.ADVANTAGES
 Efficient, Reduces normal traffic
 Durable

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 Lower construction, operating &Maintenance cost per
passenger
 Pollution free
 Less noise
 Can be relocated
 Suit areas were level of demand for heavy rail is less
 Trams provide a higher capacity service than buses.
 The trams’ stations in the street are easily accessible
 Rights-of-way for trams are narrower than for buses

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9. DIS-ADVANDAGES

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 Higher capital cost than for buses
 Trams can cause speed reduction for other
transport modes
 Tram can be delayed by disruptions in their lane

 Over take cannot be done

 Tram tracks can be hazardous for cyclists, as bikes

wheels caught in the track grooves
 In the event of a breakdown or accident, or even
roadworks and maintenance, a whole section of the
tram network can be blocked
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CASE STUDY
Tram was in use in India in several cities such as

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Kolkata, Mumbai, Delhi, Patna, Kanpur, Chennai and
Nasik. The only surviving tram operates in Kolkata
which is neither cared for nor is being abandoned.

Kolkata Tram in Kolkata Trams in Kolkata

1950s 1980s Tram,now 24
10.CONCLUSION
A developed tramway system will improve the
economic development and grow interest among public

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to use public
transit. It will enrich urban environment, recreational
activity and tourism industry of Kolkata. In order to
reduce
environmental pollution people should have good public
transit like Metro and Tram. To improve urbanization
and to
save the pride of Kolkata tramways tram development
oriented schemes, integrating and coordinating policies
and interventions should be vigorously adopted.

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11.REFERENCES

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 Wikipedia
 Mike Taplin, Tramways and Urban Transit no. 952,
April 2017, 0. 131
 International Journal of Innovative Research in
Science, Engineering and Technology
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)Vol. 5,
Issue 5, May 2016
 Kolkata Passenger Transport Board: Annual
Report, 1978

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