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FDDI-II
HYBRID RING CONTROL

 All rights reserved. No part of this publication and file may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of Professor
Nen-Fu Huang (E-mail: nfhuang@cs.nthu.edu.tw).

FDDI-II - 1

FDDI-II
Structure CS-MUX
Circuit Switching LLC
Multiplexer(s)

I-SAP (16)
HP-SAP (1)

I-MAC
MAC
FDDI-II Isochronous MAC

通訊結構
HI-SAP (16) SMT
Station
H-MUX Hybrid Multiplexer Management

鏈結層 HRC (Optional) Hybrid Ring Control

實體層 PHY Physical Layer Protocol

or

SPM PMD Physical Layer, Medium Dependent

PMD - Multi Mode Fiber, or
SONET
SMF-PMD - Single Mode Fiber, or
SONET Physical Layer LCF-PMD - Low-cost Fiber, or
STS-3c Mapping TP-PMD - Twisted Pair Copper

傳輸媒介 FDDI-II - 2
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FDDI-II Definitions
l Basic Mode
– support FDDI token ring operation only
l Hybrid Mode
– support variable rate packet switching service and time
division multiplexed (TDM) circuit switch service
l Isochronous Channel
125 us 125 us 125 us

B A ... B A ... B A ... B A

傳送端 接收端
125 us 125 us 125 us

傳送方向

FDDI-II - 3

Cycle and Cycle Master

l Cycle
– The HRC frame, 125 us, carries 3120 symbols at
100Mbps
l Cycle Master (a Workstation)
– Generates and maintains the Cycle structure and the
timing of the ring.
– Inserts a Latency Adjustment Buffer (LAB) to adjust
the ring size to be an integer multiple of 125 us.
– The ring has only one Cycle Master at a time.
– Selected by bidding among ranked Monitor Stations

FDDI-II - 4
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Cycle Master
循環控制工作站
(Cycle Master)

工作站 工作站
Cycle 4 Cycle 1
(125 us)

工作站 Cycle 3 Cycle 2 工作站

..
.
循環標頭 (Cycle Header) 工作站

FDDI-II - 5

Cycle Structure
125 us (3125 符號)
CG CG DPG CG DPG CG CG DPG CG CG CG
PA CH
DPG CG
... 1 8
... ... ... ... 95
0 0 1 7 6 48 56 11 88 89

5 24
16x8 位元組 16x8 位元組

DPG0-11 = Dedicated Packet Data Group

(24 data symbols). Byte interleaved.
循環標頭 Cycle Header
(24x4 bits)/125 us = 0.768 Mbps
SD C1 C2 CS P0 P1 ... P15 IMC
CG0-95 = Cyclic Group 0 to 95
(32 symbols, 2 symbols per WBC)
SD = Starting Delimiter (symbols J & K)
C1 = Synchronization Control (1 symbol). R & S are the permitted values
C2 = Sequence Control (1 symbol). R & S are the permitted values
CS = Cycle Sequence (2 symbols)
P0-P15 = Programming Template (16 symbols)
R : Packet Data
S : Isochronous Data
T : Errored R or S
IMC = Isochronous Maintenance Channel (2 symbols)

FDDI-II - 6
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WideBand Channel (WBC)

傳送順序
Preamble Cycle Header (12 位元組)
0 DPG0

8 DPG1

96
WBC WBC WBC WBC WBC WBC WBC WBC WBC WBC WBC WBC WBC WBC WBC WBC rows
16 DPG2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

...
88 DPG11

125 us
16 位元組
WBCi: Byte i of each CG
FDDI-II - 7

Bandwidth Allocation of a
WideBand Channel (WBC)
位元/125us 頻寬 (Kbps) Each wideband
1 8 channel has a
2 16 bandwidth of
4 32 6.144 Mbps,
8 64 (voice) which can be
48 384 divided into
192 1536 smaller bands
193 1544 (T1)
240 1920
256 2048 (E1)
768 6144
FDDI-II - 8
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Cycle Programming Templates

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

R R S S S R R S S R S S R R R R

(a) 可程式模板內容

Isochronous
2 3 4 7 8 10 11 WBCs
Packet Data
R R R R R R R R R WBCs

(b) 廣頻通道分配情形

FDDI-II - 9

Bandwidth Management
循環控制
工作站

更改模板
工作站
1 Request

2 (WBC k , Offsets)

原始工作站
3 (WBC , Offsets)
k 通道分配
工作站
4
.. ACK

.
目的地工作站

FDDI-II - 10
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Bandwidth Allocation Example

傳送順序 (125 us)
Preamble Cycle Header S S S R S R R R R R R R R S S R
0 DPG0 A B
5 C
8 DPG1
... 96
13 C rows
D E
80 DPG2 ...
85 C
88 DPG11

93
C

WBC WBC WBC WBC WBC WBC WBC WBC WBC WBC WBC WBC WBC WBC WBC WBC
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 位元組
FDDI-II - 11

Packets Transmission Example (Packet

Size = 9000 Symbols, None of the WBCs
is Allocated)
16 2 2 12 12 8944 8 1 3 符號
PA SD FC DA SA 資料 FCS ED FS

3096 3096 2808

5 24 3096

PA CH

Cycle i 5 24 3096

PA CH

Cycle i+1 5 24 2808 288

PA CH
9000 符號 = 3096+3096+2808
Cycle i+2

FDDI-II - 12
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Packet Transmission Example (Packet

Size = 4500 Symbols, Half of the WBCs
are Allocated)
16 2 2 12 12 4444 8 1 3 符號
PA SD FC DA SA 資料 FCS ED FS

1560 1560 1380

5 24 1560 (=3096-1536)

PA CH

Cycle i 5 24 1560 (=3096-1536)

PA CH

Cycle i+1 5 24 1380 180

PA CH
4500 符號 = 1560+1560+1380
Cycle i+2

FDDI-II - 13

Token Transmission Example (Token Size

= 24 Symbols, All the WBCs are
Allocated)
訊標 16 2 2 2 符號
PA SD FC ED

5 24 256

PA CH

DPG0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 DPG11
循環

FDDI-II - 14
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FDDI-II Priority Levels

l Once the WBCs' have been allocated, the isochronous

traffic within them has the highest priority.
l Second highest priority is the synchronous packet
traffic to guaranteed with a delay not exceeding twice
of TTRT value.
l Third highest priority is given to asynchronous traffic
operating in restricted token mode.
l Lowest priority is given to asynchronous traffic that
may be transmitted only by capturing a nonrestricted
token.

FDDI-II - 15

Isochronous Channel Reservation

通話起源工作站 通道分配工作站

應用層 網路層 SMT P-MAC P-MAC SMT

通話申請 CRQ
ICR

ICR
ICR
通道分配工作站
保留等時通道並
ICI 且記錄相關資訊
ICI
廣播
ICI
CPR
通話處理 ICR - 等時通道預約申請
（通話拒絕） ICI - 等時通道預約通知

通話建立程序

FDDI-II - 16
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Isochronous Call Establishment

通話起源工作站 目的地工作站

應用層 網路層 SMT P-MAC P-MAC SMT 網路層 應用層

通話申請 CRQ
通話申請通知
CRQ 應用層
CRQ
CA 接受申請
ICP
Steering Map ICP 或
to I-MAC CA 拒絕申請
CRF
CRF

CA(CRF)
通話處理 CA
（通話拒絕） ICP ICP Steering Map ICP - 等時通話參數
(CRF)
to I-MAC

FDDI-II - 17

Isochronous Call Released From

Destination
通話起源工作站 目的地工作站

應用層 網路層 SMT P-MAC P-MAC SMT 網路層 應用層

應用層
RLS
RLS 釋放通話

Steering Map RLA

to I-MAC RLS
RLS
RLS
通話釋放通知 RLS RLS -釋放
Steering Map
RLA to I-MAC RLA -釋放回覆

RLA
RLA
RLA
通話釋放通知

釋放等時通道

FDDI-II - 18
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Isochronous Call Released From

Source
通話起源工作站 目的地工作站

應用層 網路層 SMT P-MAC P-MAC SMT 網路層 應用層

應用層
釋放通話 RLS
RLS
RLA Steering Map
RLS to I-MAC
RLS
RLS
Steering Map RLS
通話釋放通知
to I-MAC RLA
RLA
RLA
RLA
通話釋放通知
RLS -釋放
釋放等時通道 RLA -釋放回覆

FDDI-II - 19

Isochronous Channel Release

通話起源工作站 通道分配工作站

網路層 SMT P-MAC P-MAC SMT

開始釋放
等時通道 IRL

IRL
通道分配工作站
IRL
歸還等時通道

廣播
IRA 等時通道
IRA 釋放回覆
IRA
等時通道
釋放確認 IRL - 等時通道釋放
IRA -等時通道釋放回覆

FDDI-II - 20