1. Find the confidence level that corresponds to a value of α of 0.

16
1−∝= 𝑥
1 − 0.16 = 0.84
84%
2. Based on a sample of 34 randomly selected years, a 90% confidence interval for the mean
annual precipitation in one city is from 45.4 inches to 48.6 inches. Find the margin of error
48.6 − 45.4
= 1.6
2
3. The amount of coffee that a filling machine puts into an 8 ounce jar is normally distributed
with a mean of 8.2 ounces and a standard deviation of 0.18 ounce. What is the probability
that the sampling error made in estimating the mean amount of coffee for all 8-ounce jars
by the mean of a random sample of 100 jars will be at most 0.02 ounce? Round to four
decimal places.
𝜎
𝐸 =𝑧×
√𝑛
0.18
0.02 = 𝑧 ×
√100
𝑧 = 0.02 ÷ 0.018
𝑧 = 1.11
𝑃(−1.11 < 𝑧 < 1.11) = 0.8665 − 0.1335
𝑃(−1.11 < 𝑧 < 1.11) = 0.7330

4. For the provided sample mean, sample size and population standard deviation,
complete parts (a) through (c) below. Assume that x is normally distributed
𝑥̅ = 40, 𝑛 = 25, 𝜎 = 6
(a) Find a 95% confidence interval for the population mean
6
40 ± 1.96 × = 37.65 < 𝜇 < 42.35
√25

(b) Identify and interpret the margin of error

𝜎
𝐸 =𝑧×
√𝑛
6
𝐸 = 1.96 × = 2.35
√25
We can be 95% confident that the population mean, µ, is within the margin of error of the
sample mean, 40

(c) Express the endpoints of the confidence interval in terms of the point estimate and
the margin of error
The 95% confidence interval is 40 ± 2.35

5. Data on salaries in the public school system are published annually by a teachers’
association. The mean annual salary of (public) classroom teachers is $55.7 thousand.
Assume a standard deviation of $8.4 thousand.
(a) Determine the sampling distribution of the sample mean for samples of size 64
The mean of the sample mean is 𝜇𝑥̅ = $55,700
The standard deviation of the sample mean is
 $8400
𝜎𝑥̅ = = $1050
√64
(b) Determine the sampling distribution of the sample mean for samples of size 256
The mean of the sample mean is 𝜇𝑥̅ = $55,700
The standard deviation of the sample mean is
$8400
𝜎𝑥̅ = = $525
√256
(c) Do you need to assume that the classroom teacher salaries are normally distributed
to answer (a) and (b)?
No, because the sample sizes are sufficiently large so that x̄ will be approximately
normally distributed, regardless of the distribution of x.
(d) What is the probability that the sampling error made in estimating the population mean
salary of all classroom teachers by the mean salary of a sample of 64 classroom
teachers will be at most $1000?
𝐸
𝑧=
𝜎/√𝑛
1000
𝑧=±
8400/√64
1000
𝑧=±
1050
𝑧 = ±0.95
𝑃(−0.95 < 𝑧 < 0.95) = 0.82894 − 0.17106
𝑃(−0.95 < 𝑧 < 0.95) = 0.65788
𝑃(−0.95 < 𝑧 < 0.95) ≈ 0.658

(e) What is the probability that the sampling error made in estimating the population mean
salary of all classroom teachers by the mean salary of a sample of 256 classroom
teachers will be at most $1000?
𝐸
𝑧=
𝜎/√𝑛
1000
𝑧=±
8400/√256
1000
𝑧=±
525
𝑧 = ±1.90
𝑃(−1.90 < 𝑧 < 1.90) = 0.97128 − 0.02872
𝑃(−1.90 < 𝑧 < 1.90) = 0.94256
𝑃(−1.90 < 𝑧 < 1.90) ≈ 0.943

6. A sociologist develops a test to measure attitudes about public transportation, and 27

randomly selected subjects are given the test. Their mean score is 76.2 and their standard
deviation is 21.4. Assume that the population is normally distributed. Find the 98%
confidence interval for the mean score of all such subjects. Round to one decimal place.
𝜎
𝑥̅ ± 𝑧 ×
√𝑛
 21.4
76.2 ± 2.06 × = 67.7 < 𝜇 < 84.7
√27
7. A researcher for a car insurance company wishes to estimate the mean annual premium
that men aged 20-24 pay for their car insurance. A random sample of 16 men aged
between 20 and 24 yields the following annual premiums, in dollars. Use the data to the
right to obtain a point estimate of the mean annual premium for all men aged between 20
and 24. Round your answer to the nearest dollar.
𝜇 = 𝜇𝑥̅
𝜇𝑥̅ = 755

8. Scores on a certain test are normally distributed with a variance of 83. A researcher wishes
to estimate the mean score achieved by all adults on the test. Find the sample size needed
to assure with 95 percent confidence that the sample mean will not differ from the
population mean by more than 5 units.

𝜎
𝐸 =𝑧×
√𝑛
𝜎×𝑧 2
𝑛=( )
𝐸
2
√83 × 1.96
𝑛=( )
5
𝑛 = 12.75
𝑛 ≈ 13

9. The monthly expenditures on food by single adults living in one neighborhood of Los
Angeles are normally distributed with a mean of $ 370 and a standard deviation of $ 50.
Determine the percentage of samples of size 25 that will have mean monthly expenditures
on food within $18 of the population mean expenditure of $370. Round to two decimal
places.

𝐸
𝑧=
𝜎/√𝑛
18
𝑧=±
50/√25
𝑧 = ±1.80
𝑃(−1.80 < 𝑧 < 1.80) = 0.96407 − 0.03593
𝑃(−1.80 < 𝑧 < 1.80) = 0.92814
𝑃(−1.80 < 𝑧 < 1.80) ≈ 0.9282

10. For a t-curve with d.f.=11, find the t-value t0.10

𝑡0.10 = 1.363

11. A half-century ago, the mean height of women in a particular country in their 20s was 62.4
inches. Assume that the heights of today's women in their 20s are approximately normally
distributed with a standard deviation of 2.64 inches. If the mean height today is the same
 as that of a half-century ago, what percentage of all samples of 27 of today's women in
their 20s have mean heights of at least 63.57 inches?
𝑥̅ − 𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎/√𝑛
63.57 − 62.40
𝑧=
2.64
√27
𝑧 = 2.30
𝑃(𝑧 ≥ 2.30) = 1 − 0.98928
𝑃(𝑧 ≥ 2.30) = 0.01072
𝑃(𝑧 ≥ 2.30) ≈ 1.1%

12. A college statistics professor has office hours from 9:00 A.M. to 10:30 A.M. daily. A
sample of waiting times to see the professor(in minutes) is:

10, 12, 20, 15, 17, 10, 30, 28, 35, 28, 19, 27, 25, 22, 33, 37, 14, 21, 20, 23.
Assuming σ =7.84, find the 99.74% confidence interval for the population mean. Round
to two decimal places.

𝑥̅ = 22.3
1 − 0.9974
𝑧 =1−
2
𝑧 = 0.9987
𝑧 = 3.00
𝑧×𝜎
𝐸=
√𝑛
3.00 × 7.84
𝐸=
√20
𝐸 = 5.26
𝐶. 𝐼. = 𝑥̅ ± 𝐸
𝐶. 𝐼. = 22.3 ± 5.26
𝐶. 𝐼. = 17.05 < 𝜇 < 27.55

13. The standard deviation of the lengths of hospital stay on the intervention ward is 7.7 days.
(a) For the variable “length of hospital stay”, determine the sampling distribution of the
sample mean for samples of 87 patients
7.7
𝜎𝑥̅ =
√87
7.7
𝜎𝑥̅ = = 0.8255
√87

(b) The distribution of the length of hospital stay is right skewed. Does this invalidate your
result in (a)?
No, because the sample sizes are sufficiently large that x̄ will be approximately
normally distributed, regardless of the distribution of x.
 (c) Obtain the probability that the sampling error made in estimating the population mean
length of stay by the mean length of stay of a sample of 87 patients will be at most 2
days.
𝐸
𝑧=
𝜎/√𝑛
2
𝑧=±
7.7/√87
𝑧 = ±2.42
𝑃(−2.42 < 𝑧 < 2.42) = 0.99224 − 0.00776
𝑃(−2.42 < 𝑧 < 2.42) = 0.98448
𝑃(−2.42 < 𝑧 < 2.42) ≈ 0.984

14. Find the confidence level and α for a 98% confidence interval.
The confidence level is 0.98
The value of α is
1− 𝛼 = 0.98
𝛼 = 0.02

15. A variable of a population has a mean of µ=87 and a standard deviation of σ =18.
(a) Identify the sampling distribution of the sample mean for samples of size 36.
𝜇𝑥̅ = 87
18
𝜎𝑥̅ = =3
√36
(b) In answering (a), what assumptions did you make about the distribution of the
variable?
No assumptions were made because, for a relatively large sample size, the sampling
distribution is normal, regardless of the distribution of the variable under consideration.

(c) Can you answer (a) if the sample size is 16 instead of 36?
No, because the sample size needs to be at least 30 if the distribution of the variable
is unknown

16. A random sample of 30 long distance runners aged 20-25 was selected from a running
club. The resting heart rates (in beats per minute) of the runners are shown below.
Assuming σ =8.03, give the 95.44% confidence interval for the population mean. Round
to two decimal places.
62, 70, 61, 64, 75, 54, 72, 68, 74, 54, 75, 70, 62, 66, 79,
73, 81, 60, 66, 76, 67, 62, 66, 69, 70, 86, 76, 60, 53

𝑥̅ = 68.07
1 − 0.9544
𝑧 =1−
2
𝑧 = 0.9772
𝑧 = 2.00
𝑧×𝜎
𝐸=
√𝑛
 2.00 × 8.03
𝐸=
√30
𝐸 = 2.93
𝐶. 𝐼. = 𝑥̅ ± 𝐸
𝐶. 𝐼. = 68.07 ± 2.93
𝐶. 𝐼. = 65.13 < 𝜇 < 71.01

17. What is another name for the standard deviation of the variable x̄? What is the reason for
that name?
Another name standard error of the mean because the standard deviation of x̄ determines
the amount of sampling error to be expected when a population mean is estimated by a
sample mean.

18. A sample of 50 eggs yields a mean weight of 1.39 ounces. Assuming that σ =0.53 ounces,
find the margin of error in estimating µ at the 95% level of confidence.
𝜎
𝐸 =𝑧×
√𝑛
0.53
𝐸 = 1.96 ×
√50
𝐸 = 0.1469
𝐸 ≈ 0.15