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TheEmotionsandtheWill 10136427 PDF
TheEmotionsandtheWill 10136427 PDF
y
-r - v s f
TH E WI LL .
A L E X AN DE R B A I N, M A .
SEC ON D ED I TI ON .
V
C1
L O N D ON
L O N G M A N S, G R E E N, AND 00 .
PRE F A C E .
assig n e d t o th e E s th e t c
i Emo t i on s —ar i s in g on th e
c on te m p ati on
l of Beauty in N a tur e an d Ar t—an d to
the E th i c al
, or the M o r al Se nt i m e n t . U n der th i s
l
a st h e ad , I h ave gon e fu l
ly in to th e Theory of
M or alObl igat i on .
Fi ve c h apter s ar e o c c up e i d w i th t h i s i n v es t i gat i on ;
an d five m or e w i th s ub e c ts
j fal
lin g d er the doma in
un
iber at i on , Re s o l
l u ti on , E fio r t , D e s ir e
'
,
M or al Habi ts ,
Du ty, an d M or a l Inabil
i ty . A l
c os n gi c h apte r em
br ac e s th e Fr ee -wil
lc on tr o ver sy .
As in my vi e w , B el
i e f is e s s en t aly r e a te d
i l l to
the ac tive par t o f our be in g, I h a ve r e s er v ed t he c on
s i der ati on of i t to th e c on c l us i on of th e Tr e a ti se o n
t he Will .
The fin al d i s se r tat i on of t h e w or k i s on C on
s c i ou sn ess though i t w as
Al n e c es s ar y a t t h e o uts et
‘
to as sum e a vi s on al
i d efin i t i on , I i de r e d i t
pr o c on s
s u bt e
u n ad vi sabl e to dis cus s the pr obl e m s i n v olve d
l
in C on sc i ou s n es s in the abs trac t , u n til t he de tail ed
Wh atever O p in i on m ay be fo r m e d a s to th e c on c l u
i
s on s , I think the expe di enc y of the m ethod w il l be
admi tte d .
PREFAC E TO THE SECOND EDITION .
The c h ap te r on E m ot i on in ge ne r al has be en
w h ol
ly r e -c as t ; an d t he d e r i vin g of e m oti on fr om
se n s at on , a c c o r
i d in g to ge n e r al l a w s of th e m in d h a s ,
r e n d er e d i t po s s ible to d e fin e an d c l as si f
y t h e e m o t i on s
m or e p r e c i se ly The an al
.
ys i s of th e s pe c i ale m o ti on s
has be en c ar r e i d ou t in c on for mi ty w i th the ge n e r a l
vi e w s . I h ave a d de d , in the Appen dix , an ac c ou n t o f
U n d er th e Will , t he c h a pte r s on th e fir s t c om
Th e di sc u s s i on of th e m ean in gs of C on s c i o u s n e s s
has r ece iv e d a ddi t i on s a n d c or r e c ti o n s . An d, fin a ll
y,
lthat r egar
al ds th e c on n ex on s of m n d
i i wi th phys i c a l
p r o c e s se s h as un d er gone c ar efulr ev s i on .
i
2 . Ge n er a l pr in c i ple of the t
c o nc o m i an ce o f m in d
TABLE OF CONTENTS .
PAOI
AA L
C H R CT ERS OP FEE INGS .
'
25 . Inte r r o ga tin g o th er me n as to th ei r p i
e x e r e n ce
A
REM RKS ON THE DEVE OPMENT 01 L
" EMOTIONS .
CHAPTER III .
2 . Phys i ca l bas is t
of m e n a lHa rm o ny and Co nfli c t
3 .
X TABLE OF CONTENTS .
PAO I
o f er r o r s b.
jec t s . on
PAC E
so na l
i ty
pe r son ali ty
12 Ways
. in which Appr oba tion Adm ir a ti on,
, an d
PLO .
CHAPTER VII I .
PAOI
x viii TAB LE or c oxr s xr s .
t AO I
7 Ele m e n t o f Se ns a t io n i n Ar t
.
—Sen s e s
z o f H ea r n g a n d
i
Si gh t
P I
S EC IFI C EMOT ONS OF A RT .
18 M u s c u la r
. su sc e pti bi li ty of t h e Eye . Ha r m o n y of
Pr o po r ti on ; the G e r ma n cr i ti c s ; D . R H ay
.
Su bl
im e of t he H u m a n C har a c te r . Huma n Po w e r
xx TABLE OF CO NTENTS .
CHAPTER II .
12 M o v e m e n ts
. totta in t he pl ea s u re s o r a vo i d
a ,
t he pa in s
o f Si g h t —Be i n n i n s o f A tte n t i o n
g g
C HAPTE R IV .
1
0 Un d u e
. exc i te m e n t on t he s id e of pleas u r e —A
. i
r u ln g
TAB L E OF CON TENTS .
PM ) E
PA G E
20 The m o r e i m po r ta n t
. c on d i ti o n s o f th e g r o w th it
o fh ab
TABLE OF CONT ENTS
.
x xx TABLE OF CO NTENTS .
P AO I
Sens e f A gr ee me n t
o .
17 The fe e l in g
. of Ag r e e m e n t u n de r li e s thos e el
e m e n ts o f
TAB LE or c os r s s r s . x xx i
PAGE
A se ns a ti on i s i n e v e r y vi e w a co n sc i o u s e le m en t o f
, ,
t he m i n d i
Pe r c e pti on m ea n s se ns a t i on a n d s om e thin g m o re
Illu s tr a ti o n fr o m t he ac q u ir ed pe rce ption s o f s ig h t
Su ppos e d pe r c e pti o n o f a n e x te r n a l a n d in de pe n den t
m a te r ia l w o r ld
'
f C og n it
The N a tu r e o
H o w ar e w e a ffec te d w h e n w e ar e sa i d t o kn o w a thi n g ?
D is p u te as to the o r i g i n o f o u r kn ow l ed g e i n s e n s e
Se n sa ti o n an d pe r c e pt i o n pi e -su ppo se d
Kn o w led ge is n o t c o -e x te n s i v e w i th se n sa ti o n —I t i s .
se l e c t or s pe c i a lize d se ns a t i o n
27 .
28 . Re la t io n , pa r is o n es s e n tia l t o kn o w le d ge
or com ,
Re la t io ns o f C c -e x is te n c e a n d Suc c e s s i on
'
ote .
29 I ll u s tr a ti o ns d e r i v a ble fr o m l
. i te r a tu r e ar t a n d s c ie n c e
, ,
3 1 Su m m a r y o f t he e s se n ti als o f C o g n i ti on
.
Su bj ec t an d O bj ec t —The E x te r na l IVor l d N o te .
A PPE N D I X .
—La w s o f Re la t i vi ty a n d D ifl u s io n Co m bin e d
.
'
s ta te m e n t M r G H Le w e s o n Re fle x A c ts
. . .
B . C l
as s
ifi ca b
l
i n o h
f t E mo
e t i o rw —M r H e r.be r t p
S e n ce r s
.
’
i ti c is m an d c las s ifi ca ti o n ; Re id s c l a s s i fica ti o n ;
cr
’
D u ga l d Ste w a r t : Tho m as B r ow n ; Si r W Ha mi l .
to n ; Ka n t ; H e r be r t ; Wa i tz ; N ah l o w s ky ; W u u d t
c r i t ic i s m The d o c tr i n e o f he r e d i ta r y tr an s m is s io n
.
a ppli ed to t he Wi ll an d t o o th e r s u ppo s ed I n
s t i n c ts
o f Kn ow l e d e o r C o g n i ti o n i a t he d iv i s i on s o f th e
'
g
THE E M OTI ON S
.
C HA PT E R I .
O F FEELI NG IN G E NE RAL
FEELING i nc l u de s a l lo u r pl eas u r es a nd p a i n s a n d c er ta i n ,
m o de s o f e xc it me n t t o be a fte r wa r ds de fi n e d , tha t a r e n e u t ra l
e
,
as r e ga rd s pl eas u r e a n d pa i n .
m us c u l ar e ner gy a nd on t h e ot h er t o t he a c ti o n o f t h e o u te r
, , ,
wo r ld o n th e or ga ns of s en se T he r e r e m a i n s a d e p ar t m en t
.
Em o ti ons .
2 In my fo r m e r vo l u m e I adduc e d fa c ts to p ro v e the
. ,
r es pe c ti ng t he c o n c o m ita nc e o f mi n d a nd bo d y m a y b c a ll e d e
t he La w o f D I FFU SI ON It i s e x p re s s e d th u s : “Th en an
.
c o n s c i o u s n ess t he a r o u se d c u r r e n ts d e
, f use th e ms e lves fr eely
o ve r t he br a i n l ea d i ng to a g en e ra l ag ita ti o n o f t he mo vi n g
,
or ga n s as w e ll as a f fe c ti ng t he vi s c e ra
’
.
,
are o pera te d th r ou gh a na rr o w a n d c o n fi n e d n e r vo u s c i r c l e
.
.
th e co ur se of th e
di ffu s i o n bu t th a t a s pr eadi n g w av e is
,
e x t e nds to a l lthe p ar t s o f t he m o vi ng s ys te m v o l u n ta r y a n d ,
3 Th e fac t s t ha t es ta bl
. i s h t he c o m p a n i o n s hip o f fee li n g
a n d d iflns ive a c ti on h a v e bee n ab u n d a n tly q u o te d i n t he
’
des c r ipti o n o f t he s e n s a ti o n s E ac h o f u s k no ws i n o ur o w n
.
e x p e r i e nc e th a t a s u dd e n s h oc k o f fee l i ng is ac c o mp an i ed wit h
m o v e m e n ts o f t h e bo d y ge ner ally a n d with o th er e ffec ts , So .
o f fe e li n g i n o th e rs by t he e x ten t an d e n e r gy o f th e i r ma n i
s er ies o f c h a n ges i n th e o r g an i c fu n c ti o ns .
It is well k no w n tha t i m pr es s io ns fa il to p ro d uc e c o n
sc iou s ne ss w h en th e m i n d i s s tro n gly p r e -e nga ge d
. In the .
be r e l a x ed be fo r e t he i mp r es s i o n fa d es fr o m t he ea r he wil l ,
p robably re tu r n a n a ns wer .
of th e Con s c io u s ne ss A pl u r a li ty o f s t im u l a ti ons o f t he
.
or en gage d i n m er e r o u ti ne fu n c ti o n s s u c h as w alki n g th a t
, ,
t he fo l l o wi n g
F i r s t It m ay be m a i n tai ne d th a t the m i n d is n ot de pe nden t
.
c i d e ntal a n d not at a l
,
l ess en t ia l t o t he e x i s t en c e o f t h e
feeli ngs It m ay be sai d tha t a ltho ugh c e r ta i n e n e r ge ti c
,
as t o h a v e o n ly a p u r e m e n ta l e x i s te n c e a n d p ro d u c e no
,
h e mis ph er es ar e r e qu i site to c on s c i ou s n es s i n e v er y s h a pe ;
an d th a t th es e h em is ph er es ar e th e m e di u m o f the ac co m
OF FEELI NG IN G ENE RA L .
to r es tr i c t it to t he br a i n To th i s vi e w I o pp os e th e d oc t r i n e
.
,
o f t h e fa r th e r p a r ti c ip a ti o n of t he ou tc a r r ying n e r v e s t he ,
mus c le s a nd t he vis c e ra
, If w e s u ppo s e fo r e x a m pl e tha t
.
. ,
us ua lly a f fec t ed o u r m en ta l e x pe r ie nc e w o u ld n ot be wh a t
,
is c ha ra c ter is ti c o f th e e mo tio n .
6 The th eo r y o f Re fl e x o r A u toma ti c ac ti on s i s i n s t r ic t
.
, ,
ac ti o ns s uc h as t he m o v e me nts o f t he h ear t an d l un g s t he
, ,
re s p on s e fro m s o m e o ne s i ngl e c en tr e or s o me l i m it e d po r ti on ,
of g r ey m a tte r a nd n o t a d i fl use d i n fl ue n c e o v er t he s y s te m at
‘
o f a c ti o n s .
r e se mbl e i n a g re a t d egre e th e ac ti on s j u s t a l l u d e d to th e ,
refl e x o r p r i m a r y a u to ma ti c
, Th ey a r e pe r for me d a l mos t
.
c an ta k e of t he phy s i ca l ma c hi n er y o f t h e s e ac ti o ns i s t o s u p ,
m i n d a r es po ns iv e e x pr e ss i o n a n d a ttit u d e o f t he wh o le bo dy
, .
m en ta l ex p er i enc e a nd i m p a r t m o ve me n t s of e xp res s i on to
,
a gi tate s t he b ra i n a l mo s t th r ou gh o n e so lita r y c h an ne l o f in
m u sc l es o f t he a r m c o nc e rn ed in r o ta to r y m oti on This r e .
co n t r o l t he d i ffus e d m an i fe s ta ti o n s o f fee li n g .
In t he fi r s t pl ac e a c e r ta in ene r gy o f s ti m u la ti on is n ec es
,
lim b fea tur e and vo ice dis pos i ng th ose par ts to ac tivity a nd
, , , ,
e x ha us ti o n pa ra ly se t he dis pl a y with o u t d es t ro yi ng th e s u s
, ,
te r i se d by th e vivac i o us te m pe ra m e n t w e m ay i ns ta n c e t he
an c ie nt G ree k s a n d t he mod e r n Ita lia ns I t d oes not fo llo w .
th e e x a l ta ti o n o f t r i u m ph i ns tea d o f sa va ge l au ghte r a nd
,
gr e a t d egr ee c onv e n ti on al ; so t ha t t he sa me e m o ti o n s w ou ld
be di ffe re ntly man i fes te d by a F r e n c h m an a nd by an Engli s h
m an by a m a n o f soc ie ty a n d by a bee r
,
.
s u c h as bl us hi ng are be yo n d o u r po w er
, The s u ppr ess ion o f.
9 Sti mul
. us of an A cti ve I mp ul s e —Th e l a w o f di ffuse d
D I FFUSI ON FBOM AN ACTI VE IMPULSE .
th e n er vo us c ur re n t o r r es tri c t it to t he p r o per i n s tr u me n ts
,
an d t he d i s ti nc tio n of m a t u re li fe B ut thi s e x ti nc ti o n i s
.
t he o th er m embe rs t ranq u il .
t he bo dy con ce r n e d i n th e ex p r ess i on o f e mo ti on a n d en de a ,
INFLUENCE ON THE CA PILLARY CIRC ULAT I ON .
, ,
ne r v ou s ce n t res can ac t u po n t he o r ga n i c p r o c e s s es of se c re
n e w a nd d i s ti n c t func ti on of t he n e r v e s i n t he a n i ma l
a ge nc y p u t for th i n t he ex e rc is e o f t he will ca n te ll o n ly u p on
o f a mo re d i rec t ki n d o f i n fl ue n c e u po n th e o r ga n i c pr oc e sses
is Ope n to e x pe r i me n ta lp roo f .
11 I n my p re vious v ol u me (p 88
. i t ) I h av e
.
, 2d ed
few r e m a r k s m ay be a dd ed h e r e as p re p ar a to r y t o th e de ,
pa rt m ent no w to be e n te r e d o n .
co n t r as t o f Pl e as ur e an d Pa i n .
t i n u a nc e a nd i n ten s ity .
H is w o r d s a r e In whic h i nq u i r y (i n to the n a tu r e o f
h a ppi n es s ) I wil lo m it m uc h u s u a l dec l a ma tio n on the d ign ity
a nd c a p ac ity o f ou r n at u re t h e s u pe r io r ity o f t he s c u l to t he '
c o n fir m e d by wh a t w e o bs e r v e o f t he a pp a r e n t c h ee r fu l nes s ,
F o r m y o w n pa r t I d o ubt t he com pl , e tn es s o f a th eo r y o f
a n d r el a te d a tt r ib u te of i dea l per s is te nc e a re gr ou n ds o f ,
The c ha ra c te rs o f F ee li n a re ls t th os e o f F ee lin g p ro pe r
g
, , ,
as Pl eas u re a n d P a i n whi c h w e c a ll E m
, o ti o na l ;
"
2dl y ,
0
See, on the use o f this j tive
ad ec , Tin 8mm and an Lea th er, s ec ond
ed i tion , p 6 26
. .
FEELI NG AS HAPPI NESS .
,
‘
, In .
o n t he phy s i ca l s i d e li es be tw ee n t he Pl e as u r abl e a n d t he
,
wa r d c h a r ac te rs s pec ia l to eac h .
an d Q ua n tity ; a n d S ec ia l i ty or po i n ts t ha t may di s ti ng u i s h
p ,
e x i s te nce to u s .
alte r na ti on .
Th a t Pa i n is a s a e o f u n res
t will be m or e willin gly c o n
t t
c e ded . H ere too , is a s h oc k of c h ange in so m e o r gan
, th e re ,
t ur ba nces a nd a s e r i es o f p r o mpti n gs to v ol un ta r y ac ti o n fo r
,
re li e f
. The c o urs e r u n th r o ugh is a c om plica te d on e ; a nd it
is i nteres tin g to s u r v e y t he v ar i o us o u tgo i ngs o f th e s y s te m
fo r r es to r i n g t h e e qu i li br i u m I n s ev er e pa i n t h e vi ol e nc e o f
.
,
e xh a us ti ng e ffec t ; th e s ti m u l us o f t h e gla n d u l ar o r ga n s b r i n gs
,
to h u man s u ffer in g .
. .
ight,
de l o th e rs ca u se fe ri n
su f g , bu t m a n y do ne ith er : ye t
in al
l cas es we ti ona lly mov ed
ar e e mo . The di ffus ive
w a ve is p re s en t ; the m i nd is a wak e a live , , s ti r re d ; w e a re
a i n fu l e m o ti o n m ay c h a n c e to be d e p r iv e d o f t he s ti ng u 1 th
p , ,
s ta n c es d e vo i d o f t ha t ac c o m p an i men t The m o th er i n he r .
,
c u pa t ion o f m i n d th a n s he h a s pl eas ur e o r p a i n A ma n s ’
.
a s o r t o f i n fa t u a ti on by a fee li ng t ha t i n n o w ay c o n t r i bu tes
,
th o ughts t he i mage o f a p e r s o n th at w e h a te or w e m a y be
goa d ed o n to a p u rs u it m e re ly bec a u se w e c a n no t s h a ke
o u rse lves free o f a c e r ta i n t r a i n o f i de as The fa sc i na tio n o f a .
s u ppo s i n g th a t t o be t he c h ara c te r o f it r i s es t o t he s a me ,
w ea lth or k no wl edge
, We s ha ll a ft r wa r d s s ee h o w t he
.
e
wi se than by a r e fe re n c e t o i ts d e ta i n i ng or e ngr os s i ng t he
m in d . A s hoc k o f s ur p r is e wh ic h may n e ith er pl eas e n or
,
lec t ua l e fli c i e nc y b e l on gs to th es e e mo tio n s a l be it th ey ar e ,
o th er wis e .
s ti m u l u s or a n tec e de n t i s s o m e fee li ng
, , The ge nu i n e a n te .
c ed en ts a r e pl eas u re a n d p a i n Th e n e u tr a l e mo ti ons j u s t
.
, ,
t he vi e w it is li a bl
, e to se t m e to wo r k a cco r d i ng to a l aw of ,
mo r e r e l e v an t c once r ns a n d s o w o r k s its e l f i n to ac ti o n
, .
e flor ts m ad e t o s ec ur e th e co n ti nu an ce of t he d e light ; if a
'
w ar mth mus i c s pec tac l e affect ion hon ou r and po wer i n the
, , , , , ,
B
CAUSIN G A SUST AINED OLITI O N
V .
w ay of be i n g r es u sc ita te d .
‘
t o the w or ki n gs o f e moti o n .
o f o ur fee lin gs th a t d o n o t be l o ng e x c l u s iv e ly t o a ny o n e o f
t he thre e fo re go i n g h e a ds bu t whi c h a r e o f a m i x e d o r c o m
,
t he sa me po w er b elongs to it as a n i de a a r ec o ll ec ti o n o r a n , ,
r e ta i n e d as an id ea t he in fl uen c e on th e wi l
, l i s a mor e e n d u r
i ng na tu re w e h a ve th en a per pe tua l r eso l u tio n a n d no t a m ere
i m puls e of a mo me n t The po wer of ca us i ng a sus ta i ned vo li
.
tio n or p erp et ua l w il
, l is th e re for e a c o m po u n d a tt r ibu te, i a
,
a d ee pe r h old o n t he m in d an d ma i n ta in th e ir v o liti on a l in
,
r eali ty Th us it is t ha t wha t is te r m ed se l
. f-c o n tro l p r u den ,
rece iv e i n t u r n a p ro t ra c te d ga ze ; a nd i n co n se q uen c e th e y
po we r o f po s s es s i ng th e m i n d a n d r e m aini ng i n th e r ec ollec
ti o n W h e the r a fe e lin g he pl eas i n g pa in fu l o r n e ith er , it
. , ,
, .
p
su re
m ly h
e a ppy i n abor t iv e mec hani ca l i n ven ti ons G r an te d .
o th er ; a l lv a r i e ti es of r el
atio n s hip ma y e xi s t fro m t h e c l os es t ,
e motions to i ns p ir e t he a tte n ti on .
2 1 I nfluence of Fee l
. i ng on Belief —In a s ubs eq u ent
c ha pte r w e s h a ll ha v e to e n te r fu lly i n to t h e n a ture o f t he
tra i ns tha t the o ppos i ng cons ider a tions ar e not even all o wed
to be p resen t On e wou ld th in k it w er e enough th a t t he
.
tain e d a t th e m om en t .
an d i nfl u en c in g t he in te ll ec tu a l ac qu is itions a ls o te ll s u o n
p ,
e xtr a v agan t i n ve n t io ns
’
.
tr u th to e x p r es s wi th pu nc ti lious a cc u rac y th e or d er a nd
se que nc es o f t he w or ld so th a t i t s s ta te m e n ts s h a ll h o l d goo d
,
s h o w an y t races i n th e r es u lt ; t he e ye c o l d a n d in differ e n t , ,
Sec G rc ts
'
s H is tor y Cha pte rs 16 an d 17 w her e the
f Gr eece,
o V ol I. .
, ,
au th or in en ter ing
,
ar g e in to t h e m en ta l te d
t l a ci es d ete m in i g th e cr eo n en r n
tion and rec ept i n o f the ear ly G re c ia n lege n d illustr a te s the p i c iple set
o s ,
r n
, , o
, ,
ma tt er s
n o
shall
pr esen tl y pr opos o o f deal ing wi th them in r efer c n ce to cian his
wr y:
OP FE ELING IN G ENERAL .
s c i en ti fi c s pi r it ha d n o e xi s te n ce ; th e s tro n g em o ti o n s alw ay s
o f t he o rd er of t h e w or ld t h e p rogr es s w as s l o w as of a ca us e
, ,
s u re o f t he m e n ta l co r r u ption wr ou ght by t he in tr u s i on of
t h e fe e li n gs i n sc i en tifi c s pec u la ti o n Th e fa ll ac i es r ec og
‘ ’
.
th ey br ing to light .
s ti mu la ted t he i n fl u en ces u po n th e in te l
,
l ec tua l tr ai ns and the ,
, .
em pl o y th e s ur er is our res u lt
, Th u s if w e r efer to the
.
,
e mo ti ona l ex p res s i on p ro pe r ly so ca ll ed
, or to t he var i ou s ,
ges tic ulation s prompte d -by t he di ffus ive ten den c y , w e are
lia bl e to er r , o wi ng to the c irc um s tan ce th at the s a me fee lin g
(as evi den ce d by the s igns ) does not p rom pt s s imi lar or equa l
disp l ay i n diffe ren t pers o ns We c ann ot for e xampl e es ti
.
, ,
r ec t mis ta k es th a t w e mi ght be l ed i n to by t r us ti ng t o t he
t he e ffec t u po n be li e f an d so fo r th—by wh ic h w e s h ou l d
,
c ourse o f p r ocee d in g is o pe n to us .
se pa r a te ly i s o wi n g as a l rea dy sa i d , to t he fac t t ha t in so me
, ,
pec u lia r ity o f cons tit ut i on per vad i ng the wh ol e ma n i fes ta tion s
,
c ar r ied a w ay by a ny vi ol en ce of o u tb u rs t on th e i r par t i n to
A nd a lth o ugh s tr on g feeli ngs i mpr ess th emse lves m ore o n the
in te ll ec t th an w ea k on es th er e ar e yet d iffer en c es o f qu ality
,
u po n s om e c ase wh er e in e ve r y o ne as fa r as c an be as c e r ,
tu tor e d min ds .
27 A no th e r o bs e r v a ti o n to be m a de r egar d i ng the d e
. ,
more bo d ily p re s er va ti on .
n ess a n d d i s c ha r g e a nd to c o r r e s p on di ng m om e n ts o f s us
,
ce pt ibil i ty to t h e as s oc i a te d me n ta l s ta te s I f thi s be t h e .
c as es wh ere t he r ec u rr e nc e is d e te r m i n e d b
y h abi t Our
r eg u l a r gr a ti fi c a ti on s a r e k no w n to e nge n d e r a pe r i o d i ca l
c r a vi n g o r s us c e ptibility a l mo s t o f t h e n a t ur e o f a phy s i ca l
,
TH E EM O T I O N S A N D T H EI R C LA SSI F IC A T I O N .
HE Em oti ons , p
with t he Se n sa tio n s a r e
co m a r e d
T
as ,
.
s ec o n d a r y de r iv ed o r c om po u nd fe eli ngs
, , T he .
e m o ti o n o f w o n d e r fo r e x a m pl e
, i n s pi re d by a h u ma n b e i ng
,
o f gigan ti c s iz e i s t he r es u lt o f a c o m p ar i s on o f t h e p r es en t
,
ord i n a r y m e n a n d w ome n .
e m o t ion m ay as s u me va r io u s as p e c ts
,
The s i m pl es t c as e i s
.
a pl ur a li ty o f sen sa ti o ns i n t he s a me s e ns e o r i n d i ffere n t ,
se ns es i n mu t ua l h ar mo n y or i n m u t ua l c o n f
,
li c t ; s u c h ar e
t h e pl eas u r es o f c o n c o r d or h a r m o n y i n t h e o n e cas e a n d t he ,
pa i ns o fdi s co r d or d is t ra c ti o n i n t he o th e r I n ma ny i n s ta nc es.
,
t he h ar mo n y o r d is c o r d is be twee n s om eth i ng p re se n t a nd
so me p as t r e ca l l ed by it ; as i n Wond e r the fe e li ng of Con t r a
,
d i c tio n a nd i n d i s c o ve r i es o f I d en t ifi c a ti on
, A s ec o nd m ode .
e x c ite th em ; as i n t he i n s ta n c es o f t he Su bli me a n d t h e
th er e i s al so a t ra n s fe re n ce o r d er iva ti o n .
o f th e i r c o m p o s iti o n u n d e r s o m e o f th es e gen er a l l a w s N ow .
s p ec i es o f e m o ti o n w i ll r i s e a t on c e to t he V i e w a n d r e c e ive ,
m a i n i ng s pec i es i n t he o r d e r th a t seem s mo s t n at u ra l ; a n d ,
o f ea c h c an be acc ou n te d for i n t h e m a nn e r n o w s u pp os e d .
i s a n i mp o r ta n t c l u e to th e i r d i s ti n c tive c h ar ac t er i s ti c s , bu t
d o es not s u pe rsede a r e fe re n c e to o ur ow n d i rec t c on s c i o us n es s
o f the m a n d our o bs er v a ti o n o f the i r w or ki n gs i n o t he r b e i n gs
,
.
“W e m u s t p r oc e ed o n t he go l d e n r u l e o f c l as s ifi c a ti o n w hi c h ,
a pa rt s u c h as m os t wi de ly d iffe r o n p o i n ts o f i m p o r ta nc e .
s o me , a s B a u ty a n d t h e M ora l Se nt im e n t
e
th a t h ave bee n ,
o r fe e li n gs .
t he La w of Se l
s o ns er vat io n.
s tr a i nt .The e m oti on o f Po w e r a ls o s u bs i s ts u po n c om p a r i s o n
with so me allied s ta te o f i m pote nc e .
o f i n s pi r i ng ac ti on s fo r re l i evi n g t he p a i n n ot u n fr eq ue ntly ,
e xc it es a c on v u l s iv e t re pi da tio n o f t he wh o l e s y s te m a ec o m ,
o f pa i n r a ther th a n t o o t he rs ; a n d a l l s en ti en t be i ng s a r e
s u bj ec t to t he c o n d iti on a ltho ugh i n v e r y u ne q u a l d e gr e es .
a n d an e vil a n d t h e c o ns i de ra ti on o f t he m ea ns o f a v o i di n g or
,
s u bd u i ng it is o f gr a t p r a c ti c a l m o m en t
e
.
wo u l d fi n d a n a pp ro pr ia te pl ac e an te r ior to t he p r es en t d ivi
s i on.
V Wh e n a h u ma n be i ng re c o gn i se s or i m agi n es i n hi m
.
se l f t he qu a li t i es tha t d ra w fo r th a d m i ra ti o n l o ve r e v e re n ce , , ,
es tee m wh e n s ee n i n o th e rs h e i s a f
,
fe c ted by a p e c u li a r ki nd
,
o f t he te n d er s ens i bi l ity .
, ,
( llor y Re pu ta ti o n an d t he lik e
, , .
s ign ifi c a nc e .
a ttit u d e o f P U RSU I T a pe c u li ar s ta te o f m in d so fa r a gr e ea bl e ,
l er abl e di s ti nc tness .
is i n te n se ly s ti m u l a ti ng Pa r t of the pl e as u re o f w or ks o f
.
t he r e war d s o f i n te ll ec tu a l p u r s u it .
A rt , a n d e xa m in e t h e so ur c es o f t he de l igh t t ha t th ey give
u s w e s ha ll fin d a v er y gr e a t v ar i e ty o f s p ec i es no t w i th s tan d
, ,
B u t wh e th er w e s ea rc h i n to t h e r o o ts of t h i s s en ti men t i n
h u ma n na tur e o r s u r v ey the fi e l d o f o u tward o bj ec ts emb r ac e d
,
d u ty, t h e p re c ise n a t u r e o f w hi c h w e a re c al l e d u po n t o d e fi ne .
r e q u i r e d to h a ve a p a r am ou n t forc e i n t he ca s e of a c o n fl ic t ;
me nt o f soc i e ty
, .
4 A v e r y n atur a l r e m a r k m ay occ u r on t he p e r u sa l o f
.
t he e l e v en fam ili es no w en u m e ra e t d j us t
, t l
as the n a ur a
‘
ar o m as an d n a us ea ti g s ti k
n n s In c on s tit u ti ng o u r na tur a l
.
s i n ki n g n ea r n ess o f ki n d r e d i n so me o n e di s ti n c tion th a t
s ha ll tr ea t ou r pl eas u res an d p a i n s as s p e c i es a r is i ng i n t he
th e w h oles o me po ta to an d th e d ea dly n ig h ts h ad e ; ce l er y an d h e ml
,
oc k ar e
m em ber s o f th e or d e r o f m u l l
/er e ; an d th e g en us m i -
is con t ins w i th
c a ,
(or chi s fe fi d a ) .
C H APTER I I I .
LA W OF HA RM O N Y A ND C O N FL I C T .
m o n i es and d i s c or ds s uc c e ss a n d fa il u r e i n p u r s u it s ym pathy
, ,
a n d h o s tility c o n s is te n c y an d i nc on s i s te nc y i n m a tte r s o f t r ut h
,
s i cal b as is o f t h e s it u a ti on i s m a d e u
p o f c ons pir i ng n e r ve
c u r r e n ts on t h e one h a nd an d o f c o n fli c tin g c u r r e n ts o n t he
,
o th er . The n er vo u s e n er gy i s ec o n om i s ed i n t he fi rs t c as e ,
a n d i n th e se c on d w as te d
, Ac c or d i n g to t he La w of Se l f
, .
the m en ta l e flec ts Tw o c o n c u r ri ng s ti mu l an t s i n th em
'
.
,
c o mm on a ttitu d e a n d th e r e by r e n d e r i n g m u tu a l s u ppor t
, .
e ner gy as is p ro ve d by t he i n c r as e d c a p abiliti es o f t he ia
,
e
a r e c o r re la te d p a i r s .
d e r s to od as a ny d e fi n iti o n c o u l d m ak e th em N o o ne n ee d s .
s e n sa ti on be tw ee n w h a t h as ti re d a s by r e pe titi o n an d wh a t
, ,
h as c o me u po n u s for t he fi rs t ti me .
o ne se t o f fi bres a n d c e ll s r e l a p s i n g
fo r m e r ly qu i es c en t c om menc ing to o pe r a te
,
The alte r nati o n .
l a tion is pl e as u r able .
o f fee li n g an d o f k n o wl e dge o r i n te ll e c t
, t he pl eas ur e o f N o
,
EM O TI ONS OF RE LATIVITY .
vel
ty is m ix ed with the ac quis ition of kn owl edge and i s
up ,
e x er ti on an d a dv e n tu r e .
af te r w ar d s .
a r i s i ng fr o m c e r ta i n p a r ts b e i ng fa tigu e d whi l e o th e rs a r ,
e
i n t h e fi r s t e x p er i e n ce p r e -e m i ne ntl
. y s o The you thfu l i n iti a .
e nj oy m en t The ne w e m oti o ns o f p u be r ty ar e at t he i r m a x i
.
n e v e r re p r o d uc e d i n t h e sam e d egr ee .
s c en es ne w o bj e c ts n e w p ers o n s an d ne w as p ec ts o f li fe c o n
, , , ,
e v e n ts is fu r n is h e d by t he on go i ngs o f li fe a n d by the p a es
, ,
g
o f s to r y I nv en ti o ns i n th e A r ts a nd di s c o ve r ies i n Sc i enc e
. , .
n o v e lty t h e gr ea te r t he pl eas u r e
, .
6 N e a t to N o ve lty is Va r ie ty a lter na ti on o r c h an g e Be
.
, .
s i d es c a te r i ng fo r t he new w e c an fin d gr a ti fic a ti on i n v a r yi n g
,
th e o l d Sti m u l an ts t e n d to r e c o v er t he i r e ffi c a c y a fte r be i ng
.
fo r a ti me in a be ya n c e ; a n d by a l o ng i nt er va l o f s us pens i o n ,
w e m ay e ve n c o me ne ar th e p r i s ti ne c h a r m O ur h a ppi n ess
‘
w e ca n go ba c k u pon t he sa m e w o r k o f A r t ti m e a fte r ti me , ,
s tar tl e s u s by d e vi a ti n g fro m i t s ki n d s o m e t h i ng th a t r i s es ,
a bov e o r fa ll
, s be n e a t h w ha t w e h a v e been a c c u s to m e d to
, .
St Pe te r s a n d t h e Fall s of N i ag ara a re w on d e r fu l Th e s e
'
. .
t he C o m m on c u s to mar y or d i n a r y o r a v e r a ge s t a n da r d o f t he
, , ,
o f w h ic h ma k e s t he s ti mu l a ti on m o r e l iv el y A s a ge n era l .
r u l e C o n fli c t br i n gs p ai n
, ; a n d i n m an y i ns tanc e s w o nder , , ,
EM O TI O NS OF RE LATI VITY .
t
as on s i h m e n t a n d s u r p r i s e a r e na mes fo r pa i n fu l di s appo i n
, t
m e n t Wh e n b au lk ed i n a ny fo nd e x p ec ta tion w e ar e a pt to
.
,
s ig n i fy o ur as t o n i s h me n t bu t t he d i re c t mo de o f d esc r ibi n g
,
t he s ta te is s ome e x pr es s ion o f p a i n or ac u te di s tr es s On .
9 It i s n o t h o w e v er i n th e se e xa m pl e s th a t t he d is
.
, ,
t i nc t ive fea t u r es o f t he Wo n de r fu l a re t o be s ee n We m u s t .
su rp ass th e or d i n a r y r ou ti n e of o ur e x pe r i en c e The A d .
‘
the M ar v e ll o u s .
Wi th allth i s va r i e ty in t he for ms of Wo n de r th er e c an be n o ,
c o mm on Phys i c alE m bo di m e n t Pa in fu l as to n is hm e n t is ae c o m
.
a bl e s ti m u l us pe r ha ps bes t s tu di ed i n t he e m o ti o n o f t he
,
c on te m p t o r by r i d i c u l e
, .
a st o r y is to en d.
WONDER .
c el
le nc e It s u ppos es us a lr ead y to a pprec ia te th ose qu alities
.
val u e i n h u ma n life .
po w er The ac ro ba t a nd t he r i der i n t he c i rc u s as to n i s h by
.
o f wo n d e r Sm a ll c a u se s p r o d uc i n g gr ea t e ffec ts ar e to k e n s
.
o f po w e r an d oc c as i on s o f w on d er — a s p a r k e x pl o di ng a mi n e
, ,
a fe w s t ro k es o f a pe n c on vu l s i n g t he w o r ld .
12 I n m a t te r s o f t r u th an d fa l s e hood w o n de r i s o ne o f
.
,
a re c o ns ta n tly pe r ve r te d by it ; wh i l e in s c i e nc e B ac o n m ight
’
ha ve e n r o ll ed it amo ng h i s i dol a .
“
Th e lo ve o f th e m ar ve llo us is ka bl e fo r i ts i fl e n ce i n com pt
r e ma r n u
s ti m ul us of th is c las s o f o bj ec ts th e y ar e p ur pos e ly br o u gh t to ge th e r in
flas hin g a cr oss the sky d r a w s e ver y eye u pon i ts co urs e Th e s n and moo n . u
h as u ttere d a lame n t o v er th e de ca y of wo n de r
C a r lyl e
‘
fo l
lo w i ng o n th e sc i e tifi c ex pla ati o n of th e w o rld
n n Bu t it .
c o c e p ti on to its e lf
n .
a n d th in ti n c tse f th b r te
s reation To exaggerate a d make kno wn
o e u c . n
u u e n e , en o
gre a tn ess w s in th e pri m iti ve ati ons Th e firs t P agan Thi k r am o g rude
a n . n e n
t i vel an d s o with a a m e di m is s i t
, , n s
fro m us To the wild dee p-h earte d man a ll w as yet n e w u n veil ed un der
.
,
u n pea kable
s N atu re w as to this man wha t to the Thi ker a nd P ro phet i t
. n
f r ver is p am-
o e n at u ra l This g ee flowery roc k -b u il t earth th e trees
,
r . r n, , , ,
FREEDOM A ND RE S TRA IN T .
un i fo rm la w s m a k es w o n de r to cease i n o ne w ay by s ho wi n g
o f i n ex pe r i e n ce E v en t he u ne x plai n e d ph e no me na ca n be
.
o f ou r i m p ul
th e moun ta i ns , riv ers , m an y-so un din g seas ; that gr ea t dee p sea of azu re
that s wi ms o ver h ead ; th e wi n ds s weepin g thro ugh i t ; blac k c lou d th e
firs hi oni n g its e lf to gether no w pouri n g o u t fi r e n o w hail an d r ui n : wha t i s
, ,
whi ther w e c a n ne ver pen etr ate on whic h all sc i ence s wi ms as a mer e su per
,
Lc d m s on H er on p 1 , 0 . .
POWER A ND I M POTEN C E .
ac co m pa n i e d wi t h an e la te d m en ta l co ns c i o us ness .
t i vi ty
. A r i se i n t he c on sc i o us n ess o f our o w n m ight o r
e n ergy i s att en de d with el a ti o n o f m i n d a fa ll b ri ngs de p ree
, ,
c h a pter .
E M OTI ON OF TE RRO R .
T he a pp re h e n si on m ay ar i se u n de r a v ari e ty o f c i rcu m
s ta n ce s I n th e fi rs t pl ac e th e re m ay be th e p ro s pe c t o f
.
,
a pa in fu l o pe ra t i on d ec ide d on o r so m e l o ss o r p r iv a t i o n an
,
’
mo ns te rs ,
—grs ve n e r edir e t
Secu l m Pyr r hw no v m ns tr s q es tm
u a o u
m ay b e di s t r ib u te d be tw e e n e ffec ts of r el ax at i on an d e ffec ts of
a n d i n th e l o os e n in g of th e s ph in c te rs .
kidn eys are dir ec tly or i ndi rec tly aflec ted T h e sexu al orga n s
'
’
moth er s b reas ts is vi t i ate d .
5 A s re gard s Vol
. it ion th e i m po rta n t c i rc um s tan ce i s the
,
e n gi n e o f d o m i n a ti o n te m po ra l and s pi r i t ual
, .
6 Th e re l a t io ns of fear to t he I n tel
. lect are o f s p ec i a l
A n i n s ta n ce c am e wi t hin m y k no wle dg e o f a p e rs o n wh os e
ho us e h ad ta ke n fire and wh o w as e v er afterward s p re ter
,
n a tural ly se ns i t iv e to th e o do ur o f b urnin g w oo d .
th e m ed i u m o f th e i n te ll ec tu al tra i n s I t i s n ot th e regu la r
.
t he wh o l e b u t th e ac t i on fo ll o wi ng from th e e ngro s s i ng
,
T h e in fl ue nce of Fear o n Be li ef
w w w wu r
“fl ag fi’ w j m q m
r e s Low s a m am .
—c a rnnaax . 57
r e p re se n ta ti o n of th e fac t s .
S pe c i es o f th e e mo ti o n of Te rr or
, .
, ,
M m l kw Q
'
g
- ’
m
‘ r ‘
u i aa y
S LAVI S H TERR O R .
a n d of a se r v an t i n a free co m m un ity Th e su bj ec t o f a .
11 Th e Fo re bo din g s of di sas te r
. an d
m isfort u n e in our ,
c ourage or e l se a l ight-h e ar te d te m pe ra me n t
, to an ti c ip a te ,
loccas i o ns of a pp re h e n si on or u n ce rt a i n ty A s n o on e s
’
al .
b uoy an t m oo d .
With hi m fear is si m ply th e co trary o f des ire These are som e f his exn o
‘
r ss o .
, r
posi te of des ire is pro ba bly th e reason o f this abus e d a ppli cation of fear t o
d n ote s im ply what stim u late s e fl r ts of av idan ce The tru e an ti th es is lies
e
‘
o o .
m ea n i ng or i rre l e va n t a re i n te rp re te d as il
, l o m e ns ; a nd th e
p erso ns wh o m w e n e v er d o u bte d s ta n d fo rth as co mp a ss i ng
o u r ru in Th ese e ffec ts a r e ascriba bl e so l ely to the di st urb an c e
.
-
p ani c is o f gen ui ne s tu ff .
15 I s h a ll in c l u d e u nd e r on e com p re h e ns iv e s p ec i e s th e
. .
’
t errors of S u pers titi o n M an s s itua t i on i n the w o rld co n ta i n s
.
of our liv es an d h a ppi n ess with i rres is tibl e m ight and aw ful
as p ec t A es ha d el a p sed are th e k no wl edge of l a w a n d u n i
.
g
by th e h u m an i n te ll ec t Th e p rofo un d i gno ra n ce o f p ri m i t iv e
.
i g noran t co un trie s are us u ally su s pec ted of poiso n i n g the we lls A lexan der .
Q gm g
. u ”
r i l“
l "
h ‘
M
”6 M
E M OTI O N O F TERR O R .
o bj ec t s an d fa l s e a pp re h e n s i o ns e v erywh e r e are am o n g t he
, ,
, ,
f A y b t to di e an d go w e kn o w n ot whe re ;
, u ,
17 I s h all co n cl u d e th e d e ta il o fs pe c ifi c fo rms of th e e mo
.
C an l
a y on na tur e fi s a par ad ise
To w ha t w e fe ar of death .
E M O TI O N O F TERR O R .
al lgr ea t pos ts .
18 Th e be i ng A bas h ed be fo re a s tr an ge fac e or a n e w
.
,
th e h u ma n p rese nc e u pon t he h u m an k in d Th e p ri n c ip a l .
o f p o w er with th e u nce rt a i n t y b e l on gi n
, to th e ex e rc i se of it
g
.
In ev ery h u m an be i ng th e re i s a v as t po ss ibility of a c ti on
be ne fi c i al or h u rt fu l ; and it tak e s m uc h fam ili arity to be
assure d o f eac h p e rs on s dis po s i t i on s an d te n de n c i es Th e
’
.
a n d m o re th e p o we r fo r e v il th a t li e s w rapt u p i n a li v i n g
b e i ng ; wh il e w e requ i re a di s tin c t ex pe ri e n ce of ea c h o n e to
giv e us c on fiden ce I t i s t he n ature of a pp re h ens i on n ot to
.
“
are a pp roac h e d with d read by th e mass be n eath th e m Bu t X .
’
Th e st a te co mmo nly k n o w n as s tage fr ight is agonizing and
un se t tlin g in th e las t d egree “ .
1
1
m as on IN Govs s muns r . 67
pl oy me n t o f u n bo un d e d fea rs i s a r ec kless w as te o f m e n s ’
d e ra te te ac he r a re s i m pl e m o ti ves t o g u id e th e c on d uc t ; b u t
,
an d i n ta n gibl e e v ils s u c h as th e w ra t h o f t he su p e r n at u ra l
,
terri fy a n d ta k e h o ld of t h e m i n d .
p re fe r, h o w e v er to no ti ce it in th e fo llo wi ng c hapte r w h e n w e
, ,
s h allh a v e a ll t he e l e me n ts be fo re us .
t e arti s t
h w h e ther p a i t er or p e t
,
n o
’
T h e ac tor b ri ngs it o n
.
t he s ta g e bo th i n t ragi c an d in c o m i c e x hibiti on s Pi c t u re s .
An d eac h parti ul ar ha ir to s ta d on e d
c n n ,
‘
The M inn mys ter ies w er e l brate d e v er y y ear i n Sept ember
ce e , ,
M ysteri es The c an di da te s en ter e d with m yrtle cr owns and clean gar ments
.
,
as w e ll as s tim u l ating to th e m i n d .
appea r wi th an exa gger ati on o f details tha t str u c k dr ead in to the s pec tators
, .
,
‘
ac coun t of its i nte n tion —namely to pur i fy th e he art by pity and ter ro r I t
, .
a r e d ec la r e d t o Op er a te ex ac tly a lik e Bu t w h en w e l oo k a
'
, ,
-
r ead y th an o the r s t o s ti r u p this s ou r c e o f c o n so la tio n .
cogn i se c e r ta i n th i n gs th a t h a ve a m ore s p ec ifi c i n fl ue n c e i n
n ec k mou th
, , an d t h e h an d a r e m or e es pec i a lly d e vo te d t o
th e a ffec ti o n a te e mbrac e i s d e te r m i n e d by t he s pe c i a l s u s c e p
t ibi l iti es now m en ti on e d i f it be t r u e th a t t he or ga ns o f te nde r
,
e m o ti on a r e th os e s ta te d afte r w a r d s Th e re a r e al s o so m e
.
n o tes i n th e
i ns tin c tiv e u tter an c e o f gr i e f i s als o an ins tin c tive
cause o f te n der feel in g , th ere is a p r im itiv e po wer i n the
o u tb u rs t o f gr i ef to r e u se t he ten d er fee lin g in oth e r s The .
s t ro n g m an la i d p r os t ra te i s ap t t o fee l thi s em o ti on as be in g
d ition en tir ely pas s ive has s u per ve ne d te n d er n ess is the only
,
an d i n n o sma ll d eg r ee c ompli ca te d Th e fu ll an d ou ts po k en
.
s tim u l
a wd with out pa i nfu l tiety bu t the vibration from
sa ,
s ti m u la te s i n te ns e ly a s m a ll ; t he te n d er fee li n g i n al li ts
for ms is pr e-emi n ently o f the v o l u m i nou s c hara c te r an d w e ,
desc r ibed .
5 A s r ega r ds Vol
. it ion , or ac ti on the te nde r fee l ing whil e
, ,
r eq u i s ite a id to c o n qu e r it .
o f as s oc ia ti o n r ec o v e re d i n i d ea
, H enc e wh e n a ny o f t he
.
,
ca r r y a l on g with t he m i n to th is id ea l s ta te s ometh i n g o f t he
of r ul in g t he c o n du c t or of di c ta tin g a s us ta in ed c our se of
,
i nfl uence ar e p rone to e x pe n d a v er y la rg e s ha re Of th e i r
,
a s ta te of c ra vi ng c om es to s ti mul a te t he i m agi na ti o n or t o ,
s ho wn t g
in t he s r on er rel
tion s o f ten der feeli n g
a .
,
M ATERNAL FEELIN G .
ho us e or ,
ga r de n s o s itu at ed gro w s u po n the fee li ngs o f th e
a ,
d e ta il th e v ar i o us p r o pe r ti e s o f e moti o n w e s h all fi n d o u r ,
i s sc a r c e ly fe lt w hen c on fl i c t e ns u es I n t he I n t e ll ec tu a l
.
as pe c t w e n o te a d eg r ee o f r e te n tiv e n es s c o r r e s pon d i n g to t he
.
fe eli n g a n d t he c on d u c t th r o u g h t he i n te r v a l s wh en t h e
obj e c t i s n ot ac t ual ly pres en t The D es i re , o r l o ngi n gs o f the
.
r a ti n g t he r e l a ti on s h ip to t h e pitc h o f i r r a ti on al ity a p r o ,
c on t ro l B e li e f i s n o l es s s ign a l ; t h e m o th er s fa ith i n t he c hi l d
’
s ym p a thy e x i s ts be l o v e d obj ec ts by ga i n in g a h ol d o n t he
, ,
t he ma te r na l d is p os iti on .
0
Chfldmn ,
’
sa sy Hobbes , ar e a man '
power and his ho nour .
’
fe e t fo r m s a n d t h e high es t e x c e ll en c e
,
The m er its th a t w e
.
a s ta n d in g c on tr a s t , t he fou n da ti o n o f a m o r e u n i ver s al i n
s ide o f t h e w om a n : t h e i nt er es t o f t he m as c u li n e p r es enc e
li es mor e i n the as s oc i a ti o n s o f p ow er .
d we lt u p on t han an y o th er h u m an s e n ti m e n t ; s h o wi n g th e
h ol d that t h ey ta k e o f t h e h u man breas t bo th p r es en t a n d i n
i de a as we ll as th e a pt n es s th at th er e is i n th e m fo r ar tis tic
,
a n d t he e vid en t sa ti s fa c ti on th a t th e y fu r n i s h Th e e x c ite .
ac en c y i n th e fo
pl llow i ng c ha pter ,
tha t th is pr i n iple is n o t unli m ite d in i ts
c
oper a ti on .
P LEASURE OF B ENEV OLEN CE .
o f t he be l o v e d pe rso na lity .
t he pr o m pti ng to ta k e on t he pl eas ur es a n d p ai ns o f o th e r he
i n gs, an d ac t on th em as i f they we re o ur o w n I ns tea d o f .
fully co ns i d ere d .
s ym pa thy ; an d h en ce w e ar e s p ec i ally i m p e ll e d to w o r k fo r
a dva n c i ng th e i r pl e as u res an d a ll e vi a ti n g th e i r p a i ns It d oe s .
n o t fo ll o w tha t w e a r e ma de h a ppi e r by t he c i r c u ms ta n c e ;
o n t he c on tra r y w e may be i n vo lv ed i n p a i n fu l a n d h ea vy
,
l abo u rs .
a pp ea r wh e n w e c o me to t he fu ll e x pl a na ti o n o f s y mp at hy .
i f poss i bl e n e v er to l
, e t goo d o fli c es
p a ss u n rec ip r oca te d I f .
s u c h ac k no wl ed gm e n t w o u ld h a ve no re l e va n c e .
bo th . A n a c t o f d i s c e r n men t i s r eq u i re d s u c h as m ak e s t he ,
di s t re s s ; a n d b ec o m i n g a w ar e o f it w e ar e affec t ed by t h e ,
whi ch to w ar d s others is c om pa ss i o n or h ea r t a n d pu ts o n ,
‘
,
’
t he u s u al d i s pl ay o f ten d er fe e li ng an d a l s o p ro m pts to t h e ,
c o m pl e t e d ac t o f s ym p a t hy i n r e n de r i ng as s is ta n c e o r go od
r e me dy i f h e c o u l d bu t fa ili n g th a t h e do e s n othi ng a n d ap
, ,
d er ivi ng n o c ons ol a ti o n fr o m t he o th er s ou r ce .
he 18 Th— e 1
.
mm ,
whi c h ,
A
a m ns th ro u gh t h e e m o ti o n s w e a re n ow c o n s i de r i n g In o n e .
o f pl e as u r e a n d ca ll s fo r th w ar m e mo ti o n t o w ar d s t h e giver
, ,
i n p r o p o r ti o n to th e gr ea t nes s o f t h e pl e as ur e t h e u nsympa
t hizi ng m i n d o f c h ildh o o d s to ps at t hi s p o i nt t he po i n t o f ,
by s oc i e ty a nd v a r yi ng with s o c i a l g ro wth an d i m p r o v em en t
,
.
m i nd b ei ng to ta lly u n p r e p ar ed th e s ti m u la ti o n w ou l d app ea r
,
i ns pi r e a l ovi ng o u tburs t .
of p os itio ns o f i n e qu ality m a k es r oo m fo r t he m u t u al pl a y o f
a n d i n s pi r e w a r m a tt ac h m e n ts Th e i r to ta l d e pe n d e n c e for
.
bi ds t he r ival r i es tha t i n t r o d u c e t h e ta i n t o f a n x i o u s w a tc h
fu l nes s i n to t he r e l a ti o n s h ips be twee n h u m an b e i ngs By
th e i r s en s u ous c h ar m s the i r vi vac ity the i r c ontr as t to ou r
, ,
se l ves th e i r s e r vi c es a n d t he i r d e vo tion t he d o m es ti c s p e c i es
, , ,
s ph e re o f ou r a f fec ti ona te i n te r es ts .
u n s u ite d to i ts p r o pe r c o n s u mmati o n t he i n d u lg en c e is i ma
,
BOBBOW .
t
s a ges ass u m e a c h ar ac te r pec u li ar to the pr esen t c las s o f
e m oti on s W h en ti me has h ea l ed th e r u pture a n d ad apted
.
,
t h e m e n ta l c ur r en ts to t he n e w s ta te o f t h i ngs t he te nd er ,
ti on give w a y to c h er i s h e d m e mor y .
s tr o ng p as s io n s te nd i n g to d i s u n i on whi c h o nl y th e higher
,
co ns id e r e d a gr ea t m or a l l e v e r fo r the e l e va ti on o f m an ki n d .
It ca nn o t be to o m u c h refl ec te d on th at s y m pa thy is an
i nte ll ec tua l en d o wmen t a n d fl ou r is h es on ly u n der a ce rt a in
,
A dmi r a ti on Es teem
'
a nd .
e mo ti on bu t e ith er c on ta i n it a s a p r i nc ip a l e l e me n t or c o me
, ,
r a i se s u s ab o v e o u r or d i na r y s ta n d ar d ; a lth ough t he w o r d
bea u ty a n d r e fi n em en t an d e ve n t he a d v en titi ou s c i rc u m
,
s t a n c es o f w e a lt h a n d r a n k — a l lte nd t o m is s a s a bo ve o ur
s e lv es ; a n d t he r es u lti ng e x p r e s s ion is w on de r mi x e d with
a live to i s a fr e q u en t b egi n n i n g o f l o v e
, .
c a n h a r d ly be s a i d to r o u s e ou r a d m i r a tio n Re fer r i n g to .
u s e fu lq ua liti e s p r i n c ip a lly w e d o n o t d e m a n d fo r it t he a t t r i
,
t he r el a tion s o f li fe h o we ve r n u mer ou s th ey m ay be is es te em
, , .
The o bj e c ts o f o ur es te e m th e r e fo r e m ay be s a i d to be al
,
l ,
. u ,
i s v al u ed be c a u s e o f t he evilth a t he c a n w a r d o ff or r e mo v e .
gr owi n g o u t o f o u r s en s e o f t he m is c h ie f p r e v en t ed a n d the ,
s e n sa ti on o f r e li ef fro m a n o pp os i t e ki n d o f c on d uc t whi c h ,
eas ily p as s es i n to a c e r ta i n t e n d e r r e ga r d t o w a r d s t he p e r s o ns .
the i n divid ua l .
un der o ur o b s e r v a ti on a c u r r en t of c o ns i d e r a bl e s tr e n gt h
,
Th e follo w i n g r emar ks r el
a e tin flu en ces tha t seem to
to som e o f th e
ha ve oper ate d i n dr a w in g for th the r e ligi us r e gar ds o f the ea r ly Gr e e kso .
tha t act on the h u man mind th r ou gh the sen se of might te r ror fasc ina tion , , ,
the st ubbo r n spi r i t can c oun t u po n n o thi ng but fler y h os tility an d in d igna
tion Man feeling hims e lf w ea k na k ed ignor a n t in the mi ds t of a vas t an d
. , , , ,
ter r ible cre a tion in i n gen er a l bu t too gla d to ac kno w led ge an d fee l his
,
a ble.
an e pi d em ic an d t he pa in fu l u n c e rt a in ty as to th e l
, a r g er o per a tions o f th e
NO “ J AM
Ti nt w J
} ae /U “
TEND ER M OTI ON .
by t he m o re c o mm an d i n g a n d a u gu s t o f ou r fe ll o w -be ings .
awe .
Ther e is o ver , a n d a bo t a d te r r o an ia
ve the i
su bd u n g eflcc ts o f
'
m igh n r,
m in d P b bly e v y o n e has ha d e pe r i
. ro a e o f so m e o bj ec t
er r o th r x en c o e
w h ic h h d b f l lon h im se l f
a —i f r m s us th a t ther e w ere t w o obj c ts th t
e a n o e a
al w ys a c te d o n hi s m i d w i th a po w er o f f sc in a ti n so i tens e t h t it to o k
a n a o n a
o ly c
n ld he c o c eiv th e fa c ili ty f th ir bec omi g objec ts o f d ivi e w r
ou n e o e n n o
sh ip b t h e ha d a d i fli c ul
, u ty i n co ivin g the po s i bility o f res i ti g th ei r n ce s s n
f s c in ti n
a aThe w r s h i p f t h e h ea v nly bod i
o . o a d th co ns ec r a ti n o f
o e es ,
n o o
g r o ves an d pl n t ti s in m i ds co ti t te d l
a a ike his w o ul d ha ve been
on n ns u ,
nu
a voida ble .
sens u nj o ym en t w ul d i n t h ea r ly a g es
ous e for m an i d u c m t to th at
, o , e ,
n e en
su bm i i n f h ar t a d so ul w hi ch ld t o th e d e i fl t i n o f na t e
ss o o e n Word s e ca o ur .
o r i n d ce d i uh im a t i nf t h ou ghts an d feelings c o rr es po d i g to l
ra n o ife ac ti n n ,
vi ty a d a i m ti
, n w h ic h eff ts h e en dea v o re d by hi s po etr y to in d ce o
n a on, ec u u n
sugges t iv an d s t i r r i g
e, Pr o hibite d fr o m att i b ti ng n tua l vi t lity an d
. r u ac a
t he po e t n o w -a - da y s m t do so by co sc i us fic ti n bu t in ti mes w h us th e n o o en
a c tua l p pe r ti f bj ec ts w er e li ttle kn o w
ro es o w h en a be w ilde r in g h a s o f
o n,
A n ab so l u te p o w er o v e r th e h u m a n d e s t i n y i s th e ess en ti a l
fea tu re of a ny religi o n Th er e may be c o mbi ne d wi t h thi s
.
a n e thi ca l c o d e fo r t he gu id an c e o f m en s c on d u c t i n th e i r
’
wh en po we r i s m i x e d wi t h be ni gn i ty a n d wi s do m s its u po n
,
whi c h s w e ll s t he s e n ti men t of re v e re nc e by t he d re ad po w er
c o n nec ted wi t h d ea t h To n a ti on s su c h as a l arg e p o rt i o n o f
.
,
a n d o f th e o th e r i na c ti o n
, .
of our regard s .
2
. We are a t p re sen t to co ns id e r a cl ass of emoti ons s till
m ore rro w and s e l ec t h avi ng refe re n ce to our o w n p o s ses
na ,
pe r i e n ce d i n co n te m pl a t i ng o ne s o w n goo d q u a li t i es
’
.
‘ ’
h av e suc h n a m es as v an ity l ov e o f a pp ro b ati o n des i re o f
,
’
,
by o th e rs w o u ld s e e m a t fi rs t s ight to be m o re s i m pl e a n d
e l e m e n tary th a n b e in g a d mi re d by se l f ; b u t I th i n k it will
t he fe e li ng o f t h e po ss e ss i o n a n d e x e rc i se of P o w er o f a ny
s o rt The p ass io n fo r i n fl ue n ce d o m in at io n an d the p ro d uc
. , ,
c i se
. Beg in n in g wi t h B o dily Strengt h w e fi n d it bo th ,
i ng as w e a r e m o v e d to as to n i s h m e n t a nd e cs tacy by a grea t
di s pla y of i n tellec t ual p o w er wh e t h e r i n t ho u ght o r i n s peec h
, ,
p ro d uc ti on o f a wo rk su c h as h e w ou ld accou n t gre a t i f
an o t h er m a n w e r e th e au th o r I n s h o rt a ny ki n d of p ro
.
,
th o se ac c o m p an i me n ts o f th e p ers o n th at i mp ress th e b e h o ld e r ,
regard .
W of Thib e t a n d th e mo narc h th at
G
,
fi
Uk a M .
h
‘
l
EMU TION O F S ELF-C O MP LAC ENC Y .
o p e ra ti o n s b u t m a y a ls o fo rm i n his m i n d a n id e a o f th e
,
o f th e m o th e r j us t a ll u d e d to
,
For e xa m pl e eac h of us
.
,
e x c ee di ngly s t ro ng b o n d o f a f fec t i o n i s k n i t be t w e e n o u r
me n talregard s a nd th at e l e m e n t o f o ur c o rp orea l co n ce rn s O r .
t h e i n divid u al m ay be s o c o n stitu te d as th at th is p ec u li ar
gro wth m ay n e v e r be fo r me d T he i m p ul s es to perfo rm t he
.
m e n c es w i t h re ma i n w i t h ou t b e i n g a dd e d to n o n ew or
th e s p o t oc c u pi e d by thi s d epart m e n t i s fo u n d to e x i s t T o .
ta k e an ot h er e xa m pl e : o ne m ay be s t i m u l a te d by a n a t ura l
c uri o s ity t o go fo r w ar d i n th e acqu i s iti o n o f k n o w l e dg e so as ,
e v ery a d d i t i o na l pi ec e o f i n fo r m ati on a c ra vi ng g ro wi ng ou t
,
p re s en ts i ts e l f Bu t n o w , as i n th e fo rme r case th e re p ea t e d
.
,
e x e rc i s es of t h e b o dy an d m i n d i n thi s fi e ld o f p ursu i t m ay
o bj e c t o r as th e m o th er i s a tt rac te d to t he c hild
, The b e n t
.
se co n dary re fe re n ce be in g e n ti re ly e ngr o ss ed a nd sa ti s fi e d by
,
th ere i s a te nd en c y i n m e n m ore or le ss to fo rm ou t of th e m
s e l v es a c e rta i n p o rti o n of th e s e l f—
c on s c i ous i nte res t— to loo k
m ay be co m e ge ne ra l a nd e mb rac e al
, l t h e p ri nc ip alp has es o f
the e mo ti o n al an d ac tiv e l i fe A new in te res t i s th us fo rm ed
.
,
n um be r by th e h abit of ta ki n g c o gni z an ce o f th e m a t th e i r
be i ng t h at has m ad e th at t ra i n o f feeli ng a n d a ti n g it s e l f a n c
o bj ec t o f affec t i o n a n d co n s id e r a t i o n as i f it w ere a no th e r
,
u po n w e are th e n n ot o n ly co n sc i o us bu t ar e o v e r an d ab ov e
, , , ,
s e l f-c o n sc i o us t e n th e ac qu is i t io n i s m ad e t he i n di v id ua l
.
,
s e l f wh ere i n w e c a n fee l co m pl ac e n c y a n d e nj o y ad m i ra t i o n .
lNe s h o uld e nj oy t h e s p c t ac le o f i ts e x c e ll e n ce s a n d t he ap
e
,
quarter .
I n th e e x pl a n ati o n o f th e fee li ng b e fo re us th e re fo re w e , ,
t hi ng Th e affe c t i on th us fo rm e d a n d cu l t iv a te d i s a so urce
.
be l o v e d o bj ec t a pp ea rs to t h e vi e w or ri se s t o t he th ou ghts
,
th e c o n s ta n t p re se nc e o f it i s a c h ee ri ng a n d su pp o rti ng i n flu
e n ce di ffuse d o v er t h e li fe .All t he goo d th at c o me s to i t i s
so m u c h a ddi t iona l pl eas ure c o n fe rre d u pon us I f w e c a n .
di sc o v e r in our fr i e n d a ny quali t i e s th a t w o u ld ex c i t e ou r ad
m i ra t ion t ow a rd s a s tra nge r a t w ofo ld d e light i s ex p e r i enc e d ;
,
S EL F-ESTEEM .
c o ll ec ti o ns an d th ou ghts ; th us s to ri ng t he mi n d a nd qu i c k ,
c u i ng t he m e m o r y wi t h i n c id e n ts b e ari n g u p on s e l f No tabl e .
,
t o o is t h e p o we r of thi s as o f e v e ry s t ro n g e m o ti o n , u po n
, ,
fe e li ng be fore rrs .
hi s tory an d co nce rn s .
d ar d th us fi xe d ; a nd o u r ac t i o ns i n addi t io n t o t h e i r p ri m ary
,
vi e w of t h e e mo ti on g en erally s i n ce it i s a n u ne qu iv o ca l e ffu
,
a ny te n d e r susce ptibili t i e s a n d so m e ti me s th e i r o n ly ou tl e t
, .
se n t b u t th e y are n ot su c h as to i mp a i r th e fo r ce of th e a bo v e
,
o bservati o n .
IIUMILITY .
of t he o pp os i t e i s a s h oc k of re v u l s io n of a m os t d i s t ress i n g
,
’
m e n s ex p re sse d em o ti o n s i s a t hi ng ac qu i re d d uri n g early ex
p e ri en ce an d th e re are v e ry var i ou s de g rees o f i t s d e v e lo p
,
wi t ho u t .
regardi ng te nd en cy m ay be c h e c k e d i n th e b u d by th e c hilli ng
di s c o u ra gemen t o f p aren t s an d tea ch ers o r exagg e rat e d an d ,
o n e of t h e a pp ro p ri at e s t i m u l a n ts o f t h e e m o t i o n A s a s w ee t .
o d o ur to t he se n se o f s m e ll a nd a m e l odi o us s o u n d t o th e c a r
, ,
a ppr obation an d su ppo rt tha n by c o te mplati g our mer ita in lon ly iso latio n
, n n e .
E M O TI O NS O F SEL F .
t h e i n fl u e n c e of it o n th e hum an m i n d so h a bi t ua te d t o th e ,
b e i n gs , as to fe e l a c h eeri ng gl o w wh e n e v er a n y t hi n g i s c o n
veye d th a t giv es ass u r a n c e of t h e co n t rary .
a pp ro ba ti on be l on g ma n ifes t ly to t h e ge n e ra lg rou p o f e mo
,
ph ras eo l ogy .
i s i nt en de d t h an th at a pi e ce of w o rk has c o me up to th e
m ark . A pp r o ba t-i on may t h e r efo re m ea n on ly th at w e h a v e
, ,
14 P ra i se an d A dm i ra t i on a r e a lw ay s some t hi ng po s i t iv e
.
,
n o t u n t ru th i n th e m a tt e r o f c o m pl
, i men t Th e b es to w al o f .
’
n otes the t u mu lt of ac c l a i m th ri ll and i n to xi ca te the s us
,
‘
,
p erille d Re p u ta t io n Fa me m ay be b es to w ed i n p ubli c o v a
.
, ,
o n e s n a m e o ve r th e w orld an d t o di s ta n t ag es fi res th e h u m a n
’
, ,
o f it i s d e a d Bu t this is o n ly o n e o f a th ousa n d fo rm s
.
an d al so of corru p t i on fo r th e ga i n in g o f e n d s .
a n d su ns hi n e o f e x i s te nce d o th e y th e mse lv es af
, fec t th e m in d
wi t h m isery and t error an d th e se n se of ou te r dar kn es s I f
, .
a n y o n e i s co nsc i o us of w ro n g o f so m e cr i m e aga i n s t s oc i e ty
, ,
ma ny w ay s b es id es .
o pe n s h am e .On e i s al so p u t t o s h a m e by falli n g i n t o a ny
ac t th at p eo pl e are accus tome d t o di sapp ro v e a n d will cer ,
M O TI O NS O F S ELF
E .
ta inl
y c en sure in th e i r o w n m i n ds alth ou h th ey m ay refra i n
,
g
18 We m ay re mar k be fo re c on c l u di ng o n th e beari ng
.
,
p rom pts p o w erfu lly to s el f-cu ltiv a tio n and ac tiv e usefulness .
d e si re to s h o w off th e gl oa ti ng o v er p ra i se th e re c o ll ec ti on
, ,
SH E - LOVE AND BELFIBHNESS .
lite rat ure . V a i ngl o rio us foo ls , b raggi n g co w ards are good ,
.
,
a r e n o t ou t o f pl ac e i n th e p res e n t c o nn e x i o n Se lf-l o v e i s a .
c o ll e c tiv e w an ts a n d pl easure s of ex i s te n ce a n a i m an d a so li
c itu de . A se n t i e n t be i n g n ot o n ly fe el s h u n g ry b u t re ta ins ,
e ve r t h e se nsa t i ou o f h u n ge r i s re me m be re d an d no te d a s a t e
,
t o m ee t t he s u m to ta l of i ts d e ma n d s fo r m an y m o n t h s the ,
ex p re ss thi s to tal iz e d o bj ec t t ha t i s o pe ra ti ng u po n th e w il l .
t h e i r w a n ts a n d p ro vidi ng fo r th e m in th e g ro ss We a re
, .
H
C H APTER VIII .
EM OTION OF PO WE R .
N
m y p rece di n g v o l u me I h a ve dw elt u p o n th e v ari o us
I
.
Du gald S te wart has state d wi th gr eat pe r pic uity an d acc urac y the ,
s ,
o f th fee li g i n ur co
e n tit ti n o ns u o
th cons c i o us n ess f p w
e a d th e pleas re is in g n er al pro p rti n e d to t h e
o o er , n u e o o
o fp w o M o e exerc is e whic h p d c es no s
r . r ibl e ffec t is att n de d wi th
,
ro u e ns e ,
e
c o rpo re al .
Th e in fan t while s till on the bre ast deligh ts i n exe rti g i ts li ttl s tr en gth
, ,
n e
whi c h his p wer has reac h e d I t is o n a si milar prin c ipl that h l ves to
o . e e o
t h e s uff ri gs o f th
o e e er n s e n e
o f s tr n gth o f bod y o f e n e ,
EX OTION OF P OWER .
agre ea bl i
e co nsc ou s nes s g r o wi ng out o f ac tive pur s ui t Th e r e .
, , ,
s e quenc e o f t he vi e w w e h a ve ta k e n o f t he m ec h an i s m o f id e a l
r o u n d o f ne r v ou s m o ve me n ts as r e pea ti ng t he m a l o u d a n d
,
n e r v o us s y s te m i s i n go od c on d iti on bo th t he o n e a n d t he ,
ar e t h oc c u pa ti
e s in w hi c h V ir g il w i th a c har a c ter is tic pr o p i ety em pl ys
on , r , o
his yo g A sc a n i us
un
At p er A sc a n i s med s i n vallibus ac r i
u u u
A s w e d v ce i y an d as o ur a n i ma l po w er s lose th e ir ac ti vi ty
‘
a an n ea r s ,
an d vi go ur w g d lly a i m a t ex te d i g o
,
e ra i fl ce o ver ther s by th e
ua n n ur n uen o
su pe i ri ty o f f r tu ne a d sta ti
r o o r by t h e s till m re fla tt r i g su p r i r ity
o n on, o e n e o
c f o r in f m t i
u by th e ar ts of pers u as io
or a on , o r t he ac c o m plish m ts o f n, en
s pe r i
u i g ity b ds to hi pu r po s s th i d es i es d pass i s an d
or n en u ,
on s e e r r an on , ,
w ith u t t h e i d f fo r ce
o r th e s ple d ur o f r an k bec m es the ar bite r o f th e
a o , o n o , o
f te f n ti s !
a o a on
T th m e p i i pl s w e m y tu ne i n par t t he pl eas u e a r is i g fr o m
o e sa r nc e a , , r n
p ts u i n pos ses s i on o f i
u s u me r a ble pa r ti c ula r tru th o r par ti c ula r f ct s
nn d s a , an
e a an o e
n t o w ith eq ua l eas e
,
v il our s lves be fore I t i c reas es in a w or d o ur
,
a a e . n , ,
i t l l
n eec t lp w uin a w y v r y a na lgo us to th t i n w h ich a ma c h in e or
a o er a e o a
t he s en s es i s m i d w ay b e tw ee n p u r e ly m en ta l a c tivity a n d
bod ily i
I n l ong-co n ti nu e d ac ts o f a tte nti on with th e
ex e r c se .
eye, or t he c a r , th e p re po n d era nc e o f p r es s u re is u po n t he
m u c h s p e a ki ng A ll the s e v a r io u s m o de s o f e xer ti ng t he
.
m uc h I n al
. l vol fo r t t he re fo re t her e is a do u bl e
u n ta r y e f , ,
e m o ti o n s r e fe ra bl e to t he r egi o n o f ou r a c tivity W he n s o me .
w e m u s t ta k e u
p with u n i n viti ng la bou rs .
2 The p r o pe r pl e as u re o f Po we r i s s o methi ng be y o n d m er e
.
o f a n Ope ra ti o n i s o f a un i fo r m c h a r ac t e r t he fe e li ngs c o n ne c te d,
t he o n e s ta te to t he o th er giv es r is e to a n e w fee li ng o f t he
, ,
PH S Y ICAL ACCO MP AN IMENTS .
r a is e a t t he sa me ti me th e s ta n dar d o f co mp a r i s on a n d a r e n o ,
m er co m pa r is on an d i s no w affec te d o n ly as h e c an e xc e l h is
, ,
n ew as s oc ia t es .
t he na tu ra l c o n se q u e nc e a n d the fitti ng d e m ea n ou r o f s u p e
, ,
t he a c c ess i on o f po we r d oe s to ra i s e t he vita l fo rc es At .
the m o m e n t o f o ve r c om i ng a di ffi c u lty o f r i s i ng a s te p in ,
r e p r es e n te d by a bu r s t o f p hy s i ca l e n er gy as if s o m e to n i c o r ,
r ead y co n c om ita n t Th e el
. a ti on o f th e s pi r i ts ac co m panyi n g
sn on ou OF POWER .
s pe c i al m an i fes ta ti o n .W h en w e c o me to e nq u i re i n to t he
fee li n g of t he l u d i c ro u s w e s h all fi nd t he s enti m en t be fore us
,
s u c ce s s fu l pi e c e o f k na v e r y i s p r o mpte d n o t s i mply by t he
p r is e as i ll us t ra ting h is s u per io r p o we rs
, .
a c on fli c t o f the fo rc es ; t he s u d d en c essa ti o n o f w h i c h th a t ,
d ee m i ng o f n er vou s po w er .
are d is c us s i ng littl e n ee d be s a i d e x c e pt to r e s u me wh a t h as
,
a c e r ta i n a m ou n t o f rea l i n fl u en c e Th u s it is th a t po we r m ay
.
i n te ll ec t i n n o o r d i n ar y d e gr ee ; givi n g a pl a c e i n t he tho u gh ts
to e v e r yth i ng a pp er ta i n i ng to o ne s o w n s u pe r i or ity an d
’
wo u ld b r i ng to vi e w m an y o f ou r rn os t o dious vic es A r ro .
6 Le t us n o w p ur s u e the e xempl
. i flca t io n o f s pec ifi c for m s
of the se n tim en t . Wh e n , by the c o mm an d of a n i mal po wer ,
o f n a t u r a l ag en c i es o r o f o ther h u man be i ngs a s in gl e p ers on
, ,
c on s ta n tly b e fo re his e y es t he m u c h l o w er e ffi c i e nc y o f t he
e n d ea vo u r s o f th e ge ne ra lity o f m e n h e ta k es h is o w n m ea s u r e
,
o w n er o f m a n u fa c t or i es a n d s hips a n d w ar eh ou se s r ec e iv e s i n
, , ,
e l e v a t ed wh en h e s ees the e x t en t o f h is c o mm an d an d t he ,
o f t h e s w ee ts o f a u th or ity W h e n a m an wi el d i ng the po we r
.
e nj oy e d th an by t he c h os en l ea der s of l a rg e p a r ti es M e n th a t
.
a re ex ce e d i ngly p r o n e to o f fe r c o un se l t o t h e s ta t e o r t o i n ,
te r fe re i n c as es o f i mpos i n g i n te r es t .
so m e t im es i m p a r ts gr ea t p o w er i n p rac ti ca lO pera ti on s ; a n d
fac ts o r p r i n c ipl es by th e po s s es s i o n o f e x te ns iv e k n o wl e dg e ,
,
a r ti s ti c m i n d with t he fe e li n g o f s u per i o r an d c om m an d i n g
t he r e wa r d i s i mm e d i a te r ea c ts s o p o w e r fu lly on t h e m i n d
,
fir mes t r oo t i n t he p as s i on for th e e x er c i s e of p o we r It is .
t he sa me li ne o f c o nd uc t u po n al la r ou n d th em The l o v e o f
.
po w e r sh ows itse l f as pa ra mo u n t o v er t he l o ve o f se ns ua l i n
du l ge nc e ; i n t he e xer c i s e o f as ce ti c s el f c o n t r o l me n h a ve ,
c h o i c e w o u l d be s ho w n i n i ts p u r i ty if s u c h p e r s o n s w er e
,
t ur n fo r a wi de c o mm an d .
13 We h a ve thu s r a pi d ly i n di ca te d a fe w o f th e pr o mi n e n t
.
e xa mp l e s o f t he s en ti m en t i n q ues tio n a n d i n s o d o in g h a v e
,
m ay p ro n o u nc e it t he es s en ti a l s we etness o f ac tivity B a n ki ng .
of t he fee li ng i n any o n e ca s e d o w e fin d it o p e r a ti n g t o i n s pi re
,
o f th ou ght an d i n fl ue nc i n g the c o n vi c ti o n s
, Th e re i s ho w .
,
na m e ly t he c i rc u ms ta nc e d w e lt u po n fr o m t he o u t s e t— th a t
,
pleas u re o f a po s itio n o f ac tu a l aw ay an d un c h ec k e d a bu n
d a nce .Thi s c ons i de r a ti on has n o t be en o v e r loo k ed by
m ora li s ts an d p reac h e rs i n a tt e m pti n g to s u pply c o rrec tiv es
,
th e ca s e o f a m en i a l o r i n fe r io r p os itio n, th e r e is t he s en s e o f
’
littl enes s in the r es u lt o f one s l abo ur s the wh o l e e x i s te n ce
0 Ther e is r oo m fo r t m uc h a dd i i on al
m k u po n th e s i m ple c o cur r en ce
re ar n
la r ge v l m e o f f li c ity
o u A s uc cee d i g c ha pte r w ill in id nta lly c o nt ibute
e . n c e r
THE I R A S C I B LE E lI O T I O N .
W E n o w p roc ee d to th e co n s ide ra ti on of an e mo ti o n i n
n e ar ly all res p ec ts the co n t ras t o f o n e a l rea dy h a n dl e d .
1 The ob
.
j ects of I rasc ibl e fe e l i ng a re p e rson s , th e au tho rs
of p ai n or i nj ury Pa i n ar i s i ng fro m an i m pe rs o na l cause as
.
,
age n c y it ki n dl e s a ng er
, Th e g en era l ru l e i s , t he grea ter th e
.
on th e t e n d e r s id e of h u man n at u re v en ts its e lf by p re fe re n ce
2 A s re ga r d s th e p hysica lm ec h a n i sm th ere is co ns id e r
.
,
i n th e a li m e n tary gr ou p o f organ s— th e s to m ac h i n t es ti n es , ,
o f th e di sc h arge of p o i so n by so m e of the l o w er a ni m al s ,
In fac t th e m usc ul ar ex p re ss i on an d th e i n fl u en ce o n th e
, ,
o f a n g er ; t he d es t ru c ti on o f v ita l po w er i s t h e l o ss of th e all
i mp o rta n t requ i s ite o f a c tiv e en e r y Pro v erb ially s mall g
.
,
, ,
4 I n en d ea v ouri n g to ex pl a in th e ph e n o m enon of th e
.
fa sc ina tion for the s ig ht of bod ily i nfli c tion a nd suffer ing i s o n e
p art of th e co m pl ex i nteres t in p erso n ality S ingu la r and .
me n t pl easurabl e to ma ny .
The o ra to r d oe s n ot fee l hi s o wn po w er ti ll h e s ee i n th e , ,
, ,
Now wh a t h appe n s wh en
, th e r p erso n p u ts us to p a in 1
ano
mi ght be a t a ny ti m e a vi c ti m o f th e s po rt of e v ery o th e r
man i s for th e mo m en t re mo v e d wh en h e i s th e cause of p a i n
,
to s om e o n e an d h e i s li abl e to th e u n cou n te ra c te d s wi ng o f
,
se nt i en t b e i ng an d I am th e re u po n p ro m pted to re p ay m y self
,
fo r th e s u ffe r i ng by a gl u t o f t he pl easure of in fli c ti ng p ai n .
o ne o f th e m os t d e p res s i n g ag enc i es th a t h u m a n li fe i s su bj ec t
to M an y m i n ds th at n e i t h er bo il u p in sa va g e e x c ite men t
. ,
n o r tak e es p ec i a l d e ligh t i n m an i fe s te d su p e ri o r i ty a re y e t ,
o f i n fl ue n c i ng th e b e li e f w e m ay c o n s id e r th a t th e re i s a
,
ific a t ion
pl .
.
,
th e d ea th the me m b e rs of th e i r o wn t ribe Th e p o i s o n o us .
m t whi c h s h o ws th at th re i
en ,
m thi g t o be s aid for tha t m ode o f vi e wi g
e s so e n n
pleas ur e of m ale v l t i n flic tio For a c ri ti c is m of th phr n olo gic al han dlin g
o en n. e e
nati o n s .
ra te re s e n tm en t .
n atu ral ,
th at i s th e m ore d ee ply i n grai n e d i mp ul ses of t he
, ,
rese n tm en t i s ve ry a pt to be e xc e ss iv e as w ell as h as ty fr o m ,
I n th e c o mpli ca te d re l a ti o ns o f l i fe i n s ta n ta n eo us d ec is i o ns
,
p resen t ly .
th e w or kin gs of a re ta li a t i on th at k n o w s n o bo un d s T h e .
I t w as a pro u d day for th e Cartha gin ian gen eral whe n h e st ood as maste r
o n th e gr o un d o f Hi m er s en a bl e d to fu lfil th e d u ty an d s a tis fy t h e ex igen c i es , ,
(so des ign ated bec ause o f so me warm s prin gs ) w as s hortly aft e rwards fo un ded
by th e Cartha gi n i ans i n the ne ighbo ur hood .
‘
N o ma n can n o w r ea d th e acc oun t o f this wholes al e massa cr e wi tho u t
horro r an d repu gnan c e Y et w e c an no t do ubt that am o n g all th e ac ts o f
.
,
h um an sac rifi c es were n ot mer e ly adm i tte d bu t passe d for the s tr on gest man i
,
dis tress when the n ecess i ty for pro pi tiatin g the gods was accoun ted m os t
pr es s ing Dou btlew the fee lin gs of H ann ibal wer e cordially share d an d
.
,
be v ery mu c hi nflamed by s u gges ti ng a ce r ta in amoun t of
,
a goo d h a t er o n e n ee ds o n ly to be i r as c ibl e by n a tu r e an d to ,
port ion o fth e i r ha ppi ness fro m th e i r fee li ngs o f a n i mos ity t hey ,
or c h i mes i n with th e i r h a t re d
, The ba nd ing t oge th er in to
.
12 So m e fur th er e lu c ida ti on s of
. p res e n t s u bj ec t m ay
our
w e ac c e pt an a p o logy a n d ar e a ppeas e d A wa r e t ha t a bs ol u te
.
n es s t h e w ou n d e d p ers on al
, it v i s n ot s o re a d ily a ppeas ed We .
u n iv e rs a lly n e g l e c t e d w o ul d p ro d uc e e x te n s iv e m i s c hi e fs
,
a n d fe e li n g th a t an i n j u r y i s d on e to o u rs e lv es an d t o o th er s ,
y r ec kle s s o f o th e r p eo pl e s h a ppi ne s s i n t he p u r s u it o f
t i r el
’
e n c o u n te r r es i s t a nc e a n d o p po s ition t he s ta te o f w a r far e.
fu r y o f a fi en d .
to an y o n e s r e c o ll ec ti on
’
W ith i n te ll ec tua l r e fi ne men t
.
,
sar c as m an d i n n ue n d o ta k e t h e pl a c e o f o pen s l an d er an d
s tr u ggl e Sti l
. l fa r th er r e mo v ed fro m the g ro ss ness o f a bo d ily
co mb a t is th e s tr u ggl e o f d eba te be tw ee n opp o s i ng vi e w s or
s o ur c es o f p a in Bu t i f w e w ere to a d m it c o n t r ar i ety o f
.
i m pu ls es as a pr oo f of th e i nh er en t m i s er y of an gr y e mo ti on
'
w ho had len t his han d to the subvers ion of the consti tu ti on to th e su ffer i ngs —
o f his d epor ted fell ow - c i tizens —
a nd to th e h ol din g of Athens i n s u b j ec tion
un der a for e ign pote uta te ; in ad d iti on to w h ic h , th e be tr a y al o f Pa ir mus to
-
N ikan or , con sti tu ted a new c r ima, fas te n ing on th e people t he yo ke o f Kas
san de r , w hen A uto n o m y ha d been pr om ised t o the m by the r ecen t i m per ia l
ed i c t Afte r th e acc us a ti on was con cluded, Phokion was ca lled o n for his
.
d efen ce ; bu t he foun d it i
mpos s b e for him to ob a n a h ear n g, i l
te mp ng ti i At ti
v ti k
se er al m es to sp ea , h e w as as ofte n n er r up e d by ang r s h o u s ; se era i t t y t v l
i i
o t h s fr en ds w er e c r ed d own in l i
i ke manner ; un til l
at e ngt h he ga ve u p the
i l i
case i n des p a r , an d ex c a m ed , Fo r m yse f, l At i
h en ans , I p ead gul ilty
; I
pr o no unce aga in st m y se lf the s en tenc e of d ea th for m y po li tica l con d uc t ; bu t
w hy ar e you to sen te n ce thes e men n ear m e w h o are n ot gu ilty ? Bec a use ,
no w ar r a ig ne d w er e gu il ty or n ot ; an d tha t if d ec la r ed g u ilty th e y s ho ul d ,
Athenia n la w in re spect to c iti zens w as r epud ia ted not less by A go ni des than ,
pa t ioti c
r —m t h ve been
us a iest moments o f life
amo ng th e ha p p .
‘
The abo ve is per h aps the most r e mar ka ble insta nce afio r d ed by th e an c i en t
'
wor ld In moder n t imes it is e ven sur pass ed by the bur s t o f fu r ious ex a lte
.
. .
u n usual vigour the enj oym en t de riv able fro m p ure m al evo
,
,
y
p erso n o r an ythi ng th e m o s t i nn oc en t or i rre l e v an t rece iv es
, ,
th e s h oc k .
’
‘
Righte ous I n dign ati on fro m th e c i rcu ms ta n c e t h a t s o m e
,
as pe c t of an ger ; b e i ng wh at m ak es a fin e di spl ay a n ,
I n th e go v e rn me n t of h um an b e i n gs th e di s pl ay of a ngry
fee li n g i s a c hec k o n d iso be di e nc e .
e xc ites t he t hi rs t for v e ng ea n c e , th e ou t go i n gs o f w h i c h if ,
su pe ri or i s n e v er m o re w a n te d t ha n i n a ll ayi n g quarre l s A .
d ifl er en t m e tho d a ppli ca bl e wh e re t he o th er i s n o t co n si s ts
'
, ,
1 6 Ed uca t i on i s e s p ec i a lly n ee d e d t o ac t u po n t he
.
K
A RTI S TIC I NTEREST .
o f go ds a n d me n h a v e o ft e n be e n d e pi c t e d i n e pi c a n d t ragi c
m e t re s whil e l e ss w o rt hy fo r ms h a v e fo u n d a pl ac e i n c o m i c
p e r !y s p ea ki ng to cau s e us o n ly d re a d a n d l o a thi n g
, Ne v e r
.
t hel es s t he a 1
,
t is t h as o ft e n w or k e d u p hi s m o s t i n te re s ti ng
cre ation s by t h e e m pl o y m en t o f thi s as a su bj ec t N ot in t he .
'
po e ti ca l j ust ic e at l as t E ve n i n hi s tory w e h av e su c h a
-
.
wh at i s p ass i ng arou n d us .
C H A PTE R X .
E M O TI O N S O F A CT I O N —P U RSU IT
. .
I N
th e s it uati o n o f vo l u nta ry ac tivity or w orki ng for e nd s
I
.
, ,
a n d th e pl easure o f su p e r i o r (o r p a i n o f i n fe r i o r
) po w e r .
P ursu it a nd Plo t i n te re s t .
So me d e s i ra ble e n d s p u rs us i n to ac ti o n : w e wi s h for ,
s om e o bj e c t o f i nte res t I n p ro c ee di ng al o ng w e k ee p a l oo k
.
,
t h e fi n al c on s u m m a t io n “W i t h t he fu ll at ta i n me n t of th e
.
s t a t e o f fru i t i o n .
c e rt ai n re l i ef t o te di u m a n d a t ti m es r i s es to a p o s itiv e z es t
, .
d ra ma a n d th e ro manc e .
conc urri ng ac tiv e exe r ti ons will a llo w The fi xe d s tare of the
.
ti on ; t he a tt i t u d e be i ng on e o f s till ne ss an d o f su itabili t y to ,
rac e or t he li s te ne rs to a j u di c i al de c i s ion I f o n th e o th er
,
.
,
c a s e t h e re i s a s t ro ng a n d c o n c e n t ra t e d a c tivity ; th e s t ray
,
o f i mp re ss i o ns i s re d uce d to a p o i n t ; th e sy s te m i s o p en a t a
s i n l e a v e n u e an d c l o s e d a t th e o t h e rs
g The c urre n ts o f t h e
.
p re sse d .
n is t ic t o t h e d e v e l o p me n t of fee li n g We re i t n ot fo r th e
.
i s n ot e n o u gh th a t w e a r e s ti mu l a te d to pl easure or to p a i n ,
gros s m e n t a tta i ns an e x t re m e pi t c h th e re i s a n a l m o s t e n ti re
,
is so m e i n te rm i ss io n o r r l axa t i o n o f t h e atte n t i on to th e
e
giv e as to n i s hm en t an d d e light s o l o ng as w e a r e oc cu pi e d i n
,
o r e vi l i n t he di s t an c e a n id e a l e n d p ro m pti ng us to l a bo u r fo r
,
fa v ourabl e to th at e n t ra nc e d a tt n t io n u nd er whi c h t he m i n d e
,
u n til s u c h t i m e as w e a r e o n c e m o re t hr o wn u po n the o u t
w ar d s tr e tc h .
We ha ve on ly to su pp ose a
'
i nc rease a m an s h a ppi n es s .
with o u t ab u nd an ce of gr a tifica ti on s ; th e co ns eq u en ce w ou ld
be t h e d rag o f a n u n bal a nc e d su bj e c tivity ; an d th e i n t ro d uc
t io n of a pa i n s u c h as to sti m u l at e ex e rti o n , an d a for w ar d
l oo k might be more tha n co m pe nsa te d by th e abate m e n t of
,
e n nu i .
, n ,
to the u ual ro ti ne
s n d to th e ol
u , d assoc iati n s is highly soo thi ng an d the
a o , ,
soc i e ty an d
, w ted am use m ts is expli c able en tir ly on th e prin c iple o f
un on en , e
r e la tivi ty o c han ge o f im p re ss i n
r o .
exc i te m en t f t he brai n
o N o be tt e r a pplica ti o n o f v o l tary po wer a d n
. un , n o
s lee p is not m ore cu l tivate d i n this appli c ati n ha vin g n thi g of the dr a w o ,
o n
bac k o f th e dr a gg in g piate s o .
tal sc i en ce .
E M OTI O NS 01
7 AC TI ON —P URSU IT .
a bl e ; th e s p ur t o o bj ec tivi ty i s i n te n s e b u t th e m o men ts o f ,
a n d s ee i n g in th e dis tan ce o n e of i ts vi c t i m s co mm e n c es t h e ,
en er gi es are o c c u pi e d wi t h t h e r u n T he e mo ti o n s i n the b ac k .
e xc i t i ng c i rc u m s t an c e s o f t he li fe of t he wild b eas t Th e en d .
i n vi e w n a mely , th e killi ng o r ca t c hi ng s o me s p e c i es o f qu ad
,
i n th e vi e w an d yet n ot to o so on a tt a i ne d t he s it uati on i s
, ,
c o m pl e te A fa i r a m o u n t of success atte n di n g o n a d ay s
’
.
h u n t i ng le t l o o se a m o re fi e ry i n te re s t u po n t he m i n d
, .
I n S h oo ti n g th e pi qu a n cy o f t h e d es t ru c t i v e i nt eres t i s
,
t he se n se o f po w er i n t he d i s ta n t s h o t t he far-d art i ng A po ll o .
an i ma l i s o f a su p e rio r ord e r di ffi c u l t t o t ra c k a n d se ld o m
, ,
e x p o s i n g i t s el f to a n eas y a i m A ngli ng i s fl a t i n co m
.
n e e d s t o exert a l as t i n g i n fl ue n ce o n th e m i n d ren d er i n g ,
m a i n t a i n i ng th e ra p t a t te n ti on a n d sus p en s e c h arac te ri s ti c o f
t he s ta te .S n ari n g an d T ra pping h av e m u c h o f th e i n te re s t
o f a n gli n g Th e phy s ica l e x pe n dit ure i s s m all b u t th e ex
.
,
o f th e h o u nd s Th e re i s so me t hi ng of th e s t i r of a ba t tl e fie ld
.
-
w ith o u t t he d a n ge r .
h er in ac ti o n fo r a tta i n i n g th e i r o bj e cts , a n d i n v o lv e a l so to a ,
o r l a n d w e l oo k ou t fo r th e m i no r s tage s in su c cess i o n
,
T he .
‘
A o th e v an t l oo k eth to w ards th e sha do w
s er (on the di al) . and th e
hireli n g to the re ward o f his w o r kf -J o n .
M OTI O NS O F AC TI O N —P URSU IT
E . .
ef
fe c t of n eari ng a co n cl us ion i s e xp eri en ce d The phys i c i an .
n a vig at i o n a n d th e di sc o ve ry of n e w r egi o n s
, T hi s i s to s ta k e
.
i n te re s t of p ursu i t I n addi t i o n to th e u n i on of o c cu p at io n
a n d e n d as i n t h e m o th e r w orki ng fo r h er c hild t h e r e i s a
, ,
oc c urr i n g in t he d e v e l o p m en t o f e a c h h u m a n b ei ng a r e l oo k e d ,
e mo ti on c a p abl e of b e i n g sus t a i n e d as a n id e a a n d i n t he
, ,
to o w e ll k no w n i n a ll t h e se cas e s th a t d e p ress i ng u n c e r ta i n t i e s
, ,
o fte n mar th e go od of th e s it ua t i o n .
i s t h e calli ng i n o f th e s t ra y m o v e m e n ts or w an derin gs o f th e
facu l t i e s th e i ns ti t u t i ng o f o ne e n gro ss i n g ou tle t w i th a s h u t
,
of t he me n ta l e ne rgy B y su bs titu ti n g t he te ns io n o f t he
.
th ey ar e le ss co s t ly th an t he m ai n te na nce of th e w av es o f
e mo ti on I t i s in thi s se nse th a t I u n de rs ta nd the adva ntage
.
Ono s morbid train s wo u ld be all to o effec tually div e rte d by be in g told tha t
’
th e h ous e w as o n fir e .
St ir r i n g c o n tes ts ar e t he mos t r es o r t e d to fo r i n te r es t a s a ,
po w er o f d iv ers i on is c o m pl e te th e r e as o n be i ng th a t t he
d ive r ti ng in fl ue n c e i s it s e l f a fu r i ous e xc ite me n t a nd t h e i a
, ,
u p on t he e n d i s ma de t o e x p a n d a n in te r e s t o v e r a l e n gth o f
by th o se c on c er n e d The o t h e r c on tes t s th a t h a ve be en
.
o n ly t o r es o lve a d ou bt o r be c on f i r m e d i n a beli e f o f c o m
, ,
s id e o r a no ther an d t he g ro wi n g c o nc e n t ra ti o n o f t h e mi n d on
,
n ess ,
i n s ee i ng s o m e c r ea t u re la id l o w i n the m id s t o f i ts
bata n ts th em selv es a r e c o v e te d as s p ec ta c l e by s om e c l as s o f
,
r e s u lt a n d o f t he l o vers o f pl o t -e xc ite me nt
, Peo pl e wi ll .
s om e p e n d i n g d ec i s i on , i n o r d er to e nj oy t he a n i m a ti o n a n d
,
u on
p . W e may fo ll o w with e x c ite d ga ze t he o pe ra ti on s o f
an e n te l p r i se o r th e dis c o v e r y o f a t r u th
, .
mo vi ng e v e n ts i s g r ea tly e nl ar e d by l a n gu ag e whi c h c a n
, g ,
i n s o fa r as he i s abl e to c on c e ive wh a t i s th us r e l a te d he ,
The i n te res ti ng s ta k e a t fi r s t r e mo te a n d un c e r ta i n bu t gr a
, ,
co u n te d k e e p s u p th a t an i ma te d s us pe n s e fe lt a lik e by t h e a c to r
, , ,
t he s p ec ta to r a nd t h e bear er or r e a d er re n der i n g it d i ffi c u lt fo r
, ,
c o mm o ne s t an d d ir ec te s t m od e o f s ti r r i ng u p o ur a tte n tion
pa s t hi s to r y s o me o f w h i c h a r e mor e pa r ti c u la r ly a da pte d fo r
,
c h a nge s ,
c on tes ts r e vol u ti ons k ee p t h e r ea de r i n a s ta te o f
, ,
t he m o m en ts wh e n th es e w e r e p e n d i n g i n do u bt fu l i ss u e a r e ,
t o hi m m o m en ts o f ear nes t e n gr o s s m e n t .
th er e to C al c u l a ti n g h o w m u c h s u s pen s e th e m i n d o f a r ea d er
.
o n e c o nc l us i on wh ic h h o w eve r is to be ac c o m plis h ed th r ou gh
, , ,
m an y i n te r m e d i a te i s s u e s Epi c a nd d ra mati c p oe t r y w e r e
.
t h e fi r s t for ms o f pl ot fi c ti on the p r os e r o ma n c e or n o v e l i s
t he m o r e m o dern a n d p er e n n i a l v ar i ety M a n y s t r i n gs o f .
to th e m as s o f r e a d e rs .
d ue to t he l oss s u s ta i n e d wh a te v er th a t m ay be by faili ng
,
i n a c on te s t w e e xp er i en c e t h e se ns e o f de p r iv atio n o f th e
,
as fa r as t he p u r s u it goes w e ar e m ad e m i s e r abl e w h e n e x pe c
,
1am r ous ed by a gr ea t is s u e at s ta k e an d n o mo ve me n t is ,
a n d jar of t he s y s te m ca u s i ng fo r th e m o me n t a s h oc k o f
,
ac u te di s tr es s whi c h h ow e v er i n t he p re s en t i n s tanc e i s n o t
, , , ,
L
C H A PT ER X I .
E MOTION S O F I N TE L LECT .
a n d t o n ote th e ir c h a r ac te r i s t i c p ro p e r ti es .
a n d u n d e r d ee p d is gu is es s tr ik e t h e mi n d with an ef
, fec t o f
s ur p r i se b r i lli anc y e x hil
,
a r a ti on or c h a r m
, , This m ay n ot be .
e l em en t o f t he M ora l Se ns e .
n es s b e t w ee n t w o o bj e c ts lyi ng wi d e a p ar t a n d ne ver c o n ,
s ider ed as o f t he s a m e c l as s w e a r e a r r es te d s t a r tl e d an d
, , ,
e xc ite d i n to a pl e as i n g w o n de r me n t T ra v e lli ng i n n ew
.
p ec te d c o i n c i d enc e a r ou s es u s as wh en w e r e c og n i se th e s a me
,
o fs oc i e ty is d is ti n c t a s wh en w e r a d t he h i s to r y o f p as t ag es
.
e
,
d i s c o v er y—the s u dd en sh oc k o f w o n d er i s ac c o m pa n i ed w ith
, ,
c o m p r ehe ns i on i s r e d u c e d by e ve r y n e w di sc ov e r y o f like n es s
a n d a r e m or e t ha n a m o m e n tar y s u r pr is e ?
i s th a t pr o du c e d by t h e mo r e e as y fulfil me n t o f p r a c ti c a l e n ds ,
h uma n ity a nd i mm e n s e ly e x te n de d t he e ffi c ie n c y o f l a bo ur
, .
’
m an s to i l or i nc r ea s e t he p r od u c e o f it w e g i v e h i m a feel i ng ,
o f e l a ti o n an d o
j y .
va r y t he e xpr es s i o n to th e r ea d er lt m e q ote a pa r gr a ph on t he
To ,
e u a
sa m e th e me fr o m M r J ni ce M il l : - F ir s t t he ope ra ti on of cl in g ; w h en
. a , as s
t h e ph il os p he r e d ea v o ur s to
o n a n g o t h e o bj ec ts o f h is c o n s id r a ti on un d e r
r e
o bt a in pr o po iti ns t r u e o f as
s o
gr ea t a n u m be r o f t he m as p os s i ble S h . uc
p r o pos iti s e f un d t o be
on ar f t he g rea te st u tili ty A n d th e m a n w h o in th is
o o .
w y a bj c ts th e lar g es t p ro vi c e o f h u ma n kn o w l d ge to t he fe w e s t p r i n
su e n e
Pla to c ll d se e i g t h e o e i n th e ma n y an d t he m an y i th e on e
a e n n A n d he
,
"
n .
"
co v e r t o be m s t r in th t ur t
'
a e a .
f Th e lo v e o f tr u th c o is te c y an d s im pli c i t y is th e p r o pe r em o ti on o f
,
ns n ,
u tte ly b y on d t he h n o f o u r f c ul ti es m a
r e e
y lik w is e d lig ht t h s p ir i t e v n
a , e e e e
c h ar ac te r is ti c p ro p erty of th e p ro d uc ti o n s of fi ne art F ir s t .
,
of th e sp i re with th e ar c h ; a nd i n a l ls tyl es , th e h ar m o ny o f
the d ecora ti o n s with o n e a no th e r a n d w ith th e m ai n b ody .
t w o w a y s a t o n ce . T hi s susce ptibility i s m os t fe lt i n m i n d s
wh ere t h e i n te llige n ce i s highly d e v el o pe d ; i n dee d with th e ,
ab andon me n t of o ne of th e co n trari es o r el se to a to ta l ,
LOVE O F TRU T H .
tim e of bo th t h e o n e a nd t h e o th er .
o r an iz ati o n
g
.
ti on s i n s pi re d by t h e g re a t di sco ve ri e s th at c o mp re h en d t he
v as t ness a n d ill u m i n a te t he o bscu r i t y o f n a t ure i s fort ifi e d by
, ,
to a tt ai n k no wl e dg e c o u pl e d with the re v o lt at i n c on s i s te nc y
as su c h Th e gen u in e affec ti on for the t rue i m pli e s a l abo
.
,
an d muc h s en th en ta l h o m ag e h as be en re n d e re d to t h e
e x po s e th e h o ll o w n e ss of thi s ki n d of W ors h ip .
AN ALY S I S or r m: an or rons . 171
b u t as c om po u n ded o f o th e r e mo ti on s .
i ng s pec i es We h a ve n ot so m u c h th e p ro d uc ti o n o f a s p ec i a l
, ,
m i nd .
A d m i ra t i on and R e v e re nc e .
C H A PT E R X I I .
S Y M PA T H Y A N D I M I T A T I O N .
n am e ly re l a t i ng to F in e A r t a nd th os e t h a t e n te r i n to t he
, .
i n t h e course o f th e ex p os i t i o n .
1 Sy mp athy a n d I m ita t i o n b o th m e a n t he t en d e n c y of
.
w ee p wi t h th e m t ha t w ee p to b e ca rri e d a w ay by th e e nt h u
,
vi o ur , t h e e l o cu ti on , or t h e la ng ua e o f one th a t w e c o n s id er
g
,
by thi s mea n s .
I h av e a l rea dy e n d e avoure d to s h o w th at b o th th e po w er
o f i n te r re ti n g e m o t i o n a l e x p re ss i o n an d th e p o w e r of m o vi n g
p ,
t e n d e r e mo ti on th e m oi s te ne d ey e a n d t he so b , w a il or , ,
c o i n c id e n c e ar e a t o n c e s ig n s a n d e xc i t i ng causes o f th e sam e
,
a ll u de d to it i n my fo rm e r v o l u me (p T he te n d e n cy to
, .
to k n o w th e m eani n g o f a s mile or a fr o wn of to n es s o ft an d ,
selv es.
(5) Something al so is to b e said r es p ec tin g th e
c ha r a cter of th e ex p ress i on th a t w e wit ne ss th e r e b e i ng the
,
v ati o n that art and soc i ety bes to w co n tri b u te s s till farth er to
th e sam e exp ress iv en ess Thi s i s th e tal en t of th e ac tor a n d
.
his str on g fee ling sho w i ts e lf unm ista k ea bly in an y form wil l call for th a ,
o n th e on e h a n d t o fo ll o w ou t s t ro ngly th e i m p ul
,
ses pe rs on al
to hi ms e l f o r o n th e o th er h a nd t o giv e w a y to the l e a d a n d
, , ,
m ay b e o v erpo w e re d or su s pe nd e d l e a v in g th e syst e m u n d e r ,
p an yi ng grea t n er vo us w ea k n e ss to tak e o n th e m o v e m en ts
di s playe d b e fo re ou r eyes i ns tea d o f m ai nta i n i n g a r e s ol u te
,
i s n o t m erely a n ab s en ce o f hars h an d s tu nn i n g se n sa ti on ,
d is eas e d i m p ress i o n of th e s c en e .
al so ob ey readily a di re c t i on given by t he h an d to l oo k or go ,
s o as to k ee p u p with a m o vi ng o bj e c t Thi s i s o n e of t h e .
3
. T h e sec o n d of th e t w o m enta l p ro p e rti es rec o gn is abl e
in th e co m pl ete d act of symp at hy i s tl ze ass ump ti on of a
,
c c-e x is t C o u ld w e pu t o n by su gg es t i on a b ex tr a th e o u t
.
, ,
b ur s t of gr i e f w e sh ou ld h av e th e v e ry em o ti on as i f i n spi re d
, ,
M
S YMPATHY AND T EN D ER E M O TI O N .
feeli n g &c ,
’
Bu t our s ym p ath e ti c i m p u l s e s ex te n d m uc h
.
th at s o m e o f t he be s t men th at h a v e e v e r liv e d h a v e h ad th e i r
soci al fee li ngs w ea k whi c h m ight be i n terp re te d to m e a n th at
,
a n d B n t h a m fo r t he a m e li o ra t i o n of th e i r t i me !
e
7 H i t h e rto w e h a v e l ook e d u po n s y mp a t hy as an i m
.
, ,
, ,
pl eas ure o f the re lations hip T hus i t is tha t commun ity of opin i o ns sen ti
.
, ,
, .
l oss to th e au th o r H i s ow n a pp ro ba t io n w i ll be b u t a feebl e
.
, , , ,
c om es in to ki n dl e u p a fl am e w hi c h th e i n di v id ua l s ta n di ng
10 I t urn n o w to th e
. o s id era ti o n o f th e I MITATIVE
c n
p os es on o ur p art a d es i re to re p ea t or co py a n o th er pe rs o n .
o f r e p e titi on th e a p peara n ce i s a bl e t o s u g es t th e m o v e me n t
,
g
.
a n d i f th e r e be a ny d e s i re i n th e c as e c e r ta i n m o v e me n ts are
,
co mme n c ed an d if n ee d be vari e d u n t il t he p ro pe r on e h as
, , ,
'
soo n m ak es an e d ucat i on .
r i n g a cer ta in d e fe re n c e h as to b e p a id to it
, W h ere w e .
an d ca nno t be a t th e sam e ti me a b o ta n i s t a z oo l o gi s t a
, , , ,
ag e ro m an ce to t h e gra ph i c n o v e l of our ow n ti m e
, .
diseas e or by gen erald ecay it beco mes l ess eas y to sus tai n
, ,
p ri s in g occur re n c e} i
4 Ne x t to t he gene ra l c i rcum sta n ce o f c e re b ra l e ffi c i en c y ,
th e b ra i n ru n s m ai n ly to th e curre n t of feeling In th em a .
,
o pe r a te s t he m o re e ffi c i en t w il l thi s assuagi ng o p er a ti o n be
, .
a parti cul ar d irec tion w ou ld not be ina pt as a figu re for represen ti n g the
,
’
phy sic al fac t i m pli ed in grea t men tal c a pac i ty A good phys ic al c on s titu ti on
.
n o ti o n w e ar e a t p res e n t a bl
e to give of th e co rpo r eal foun dati ons of e ver y
i n idea as w e ll as de l
, ightful to a t tai n the reality I ras c ibility .
i ncrease d We h av e the n a p os i t iv e fo n d ne ss fo r t h e i n d u l
.
o
w i t hi n t he ca ta l o gu e o f e v e ry g e ne ra ti o n o f l ivi n g me n A nd .
,
m a ti o n o f a be nt th at o r i gi n ally p r ed om i n a te d i n th e c on s t i t u
ti o n it w ou ld scarc e ly a mo un t to a ny n ew fac t ; fo r as a
, ,
d n tl
e
y o f that o rigin al a r e do u btless th os e th at en able u s to en d u re a large
,
i te rated dr au ght u pon th e affec tion s ari s in g the re fro m The po wers o f the .
u pon th e m i n d of e ve ry o ne m o re o r l es s a nd t he p o we r o f ,
h abit re d uc es t he n at u r al p ro m i n en ce of o n e be n t a n d b ri ng s ,
fo rw ar d ano t h er I t i s t hu s th a t w e c o me to iden ti fy ou r
.
ful ; i t i s o n t hi s c i rc u m s ta n c e t h at w e a r a bl e to e x pl a i n t he e
u n a n i mo us p re v a l e n c e o f a c o m m o n v e i n o f s en t i me n t th r o u gh
a wid e s oc i e ty .
so n , th a t th e p ro p e r su ppo rt of t he b ra i n i s t h e n u t r i in e nt
c on v eye d to it for res to r in g th e d aily w as t e of th e n e rve su b
s ta n c e b u t e v e ry n a t i on has di s c o v ered amo ng the n at ura l
, ,
an d ev en e e n n
A rc hipe la go thei r be t l- t a d be t l pe pp r —t he P ly n i an
, , ,
an d t he E aste r
n e
n
an d t he H i m ala y as th i r e d a d c mm
—
I sla ds th ir daily a v P er n d B livia th ir l n g s d coc a—N w G ren ad a
e
,
u a
on
e
n
o
o
a
e
u e
e
n
e
o es
—
,
n a ti n s o an c i e t b t ha s ha d i ts n arc o ti c soo th
o n , u fr o m t he m os t di tan t er s
er , n s r n ,
de s t ro ys th e co n d uc ti ng po w er o f a n e l ect ri c Wi re Th e age n cy .
te m porary e la t io n , as w e ll e s p a in an d mo r ti fic at io n may h a ve ,
rem ar ks that when he had been fo r days al mos t en tir ely de prived of food
,
!
an d u n fa v o ura bl e to m en tal ga i e ty a d an i at ion
n m In certa in
te m pera men t s th e vib ra t io n fro m joy to w oe take s a m u c h
wid er s w ee p th an i n o the rs b u t it i s i mpo ss ible t h a t t h e i n
,
e a c h o f t he t w o p ro mp t i ng s w o r ki n g ou t it s n at ura l e f fec t .
o f e l ati o n Th e re wo u ld be n o p ro p ri e ty i n sayi n g th a t t he
.
o n e e mo ti o n fe d or ma i n tai n e d t he o t h er
, B u t th e re i s oft e n
, .
s ti m u l an t in s t ea d of p ro d uc i ng it s o w n p ro per h u e of e m o ti on
, ,
The ac ute neur algia pains a s too thac he and tie doul ou re ux come an d
, ,
coun te d on .
M ENT AL A G EN C I ES .
o bj e c t o f p e rs o n a l a fle c t ion
’
‘
Co n ti gu i t y a n d Si m il ari ty m ay be p ro p erly re c k o n e d as
,
m i n i s teri ng to th e su ppo rt o f a n e mo t i on a l w av e A s to c on .
, e ,
th e i r fri en ds hip
do ubte d .
THE I DEA L A ND THE AC TUA L .
st i mu l an ts h abit co n cur to a r m t he i n ne r be i ng on so me o n e
, ,
an d p re se n t i n fl uen ces m o re i m p re ss iv e t h an re co ll ec ti o n s ,
An o t h e r i ns ta n c e i s t he co m p aris o n w e m ak e o f o ur lot w i t h
so me o t h e r p e rs on s A d mi r i ng i n a hig h d eg ree wh a t we are
’
.
m os t fo rt u n ate c o ndi t i o n s Th e m e n ta l fo rc e s a t w o rk i n t hi s
. ,
fu n da me n ta l p ro p ert y o f s tro n g e m o t i o n m o re th a n o nc e ,
vic t io n s o f t h e m o m e n t A b a t tl e c on s ta n t ly rage s on th e fi e ld
.
e mo t i o ns o f a y o u ng m i n d with li t tl e e x p e r i e n c e o f li fe to s et
,
d e l u s io ns wi t h a fu ll di s po s iti o n to r i s k e v e rythi ng in ac ti ng
,
c ess i v a e mo t i on , a n d p re v en t t he t o ta l a b s o rpti on o f t h e
m e n ta l be i n g by t he o n e s t ro ng fe e li ng A ma n may d ream .
o f bec o m i n g p ri m e m i n i s ter a n d m a
y h a v e a n h o ur s ge n u i n e
’
o r ma
y not be h e ld i n ch ec k by o th er fo rce s e mo t i on al v o li
, , ,
t ion al or in te ll ec t ua l
, b u t whe the r it ga i n s or l oses th e day,
P LEASURES O F THE I M A GI N A TI O N .
c i n g th e b e l i e f i s equall
,
y p u t i n e vid en ce .
e n ti re m en t al i n fl u en ce t o th e i r id e a l e f fic ac y Th i s i s th e .
pl an s th a t d o n ot c o me to execu t i on a n d i n fo recas ti ng ,
vi s i o n a pp ro vi ng s m il es n e v er t o be s ee n by th e ey e a nd .
’
ar e c o u n te rpart p ai ns a n d their gr o u n dw o r k i s the e x i s t e nce
,
o f e mo ti on a l w a v e s th a t h av e n o m o re t h a n a c e re b ral or ,
s u bj ec t iv e su ppo rt
, Re m ai n i ng afte r t he di s t urbi ng s to ne has
.
14 It i s di fficu lt to d o fu ll j us ti c e to t he po w er o f s el f
.
wh o s ho u ld c o me to p re ac h a re l axe d morality w ou ld be
pe lte d w hi c h i s o nly a m o de of ex p re ss i n g th e adh es i on of
,
’
po we r i s th us see n i n m o re w ay s th an on e sur mo un t i ng t he
, ,
referenc e to t he w an t of ac c ordanc e be tw ee n th e m i n d a nd
th e w o rld as n o w co ns ti t u te d ; an d a p o rtion o f t h e u ngr a tified
e mo t i on ta k e s t h e di rec ti o n of th e su pern a tu ra l No thi ng
cou ld be m o re accura te ly ex p resse d tha n the ph rase w orldly
O F I D EAL E M O TI O N .
tion .
’
B y ro n s te n d ern ess i s So u they s i n dign ation whic h as hi s
'
, ,
w e re r i ht an d b e com i ng
g .
LI VIN G IN TWO WO R LDS .
b e i ng n o c l ue to th e i r beh avi o ur i n th e o th er I n m e di
.
s h a pe o f mo ne y it is co n fi ne d to s om e s i ngl e p ro p ri e to r Th e
, .
an d e n vy i s n ot a pl easure ai m e d a t by t h e p rod uc e r o f fi ne
,
a rt Fo r th ere do ex is t o bj ec ts th a t ca n giv e us d e li g ht as
the i r p ri m ary e nd that ha ve n o di sag re ea bl e or re vo l t i ng
,
gre e n w ood s a n d a l,
lt h e beau t i es o f t h e l a n ds c a pe c a n fil
lth e
vis io n of a cou n t l ess th rong o f ad m ire rs S o with th e ple as i ng .
pr ide or t he pr ide of ra nk
. .
THE AZSTHETIC M OTI O NS
E .
Th ese ar e ly gener al as s ign a ble con diti ons tha t I can se ize u p n
th e on o
, ,
n a t ure o f th e B e au ti fu l h as b ee n a m a tt er of di scuss i on In .
t he who l e cl as s o f t hi n gs n a m e d be a u ti fu l N o w excepti ng .
,
gr ea t v ar i e ty o f age n ts or p ri me m ov ers an i m a l po w e r ,
e v il) to li v i ng be i n g s ar e e n dl ess a n d de vo id of a ny o th er
, ,
s t i m ul a t io n w e h av e s e en i n th e p rec e di n g ch a pte r to be
, ,
o p e ra te d by an e x c e e di n gly w id e v ar i e ty o f ag e n ts phy s i c a l
b ea u ti fu l ’ .
c ir c l
e o f pl eas u res it is q ui te obvi ous that
no w be fore us ; an d
an d K ee pi n g ; bu t h ar dly a ny t w o te r m s are s y n on y mo u s
sc ene r y ; th e y m ay s p r i n g u p i nc i d en ta l to o t he r e ii ec ts
'
as ,
s u p r e mac y p ro d u c e gr a n d a n d s ti r r i ng s pec ta c l es t o t he n u
,
instances ,
ve fo r ti fied his un de rsta n di ng to a w o nder ful degr ee aga ins t
to ha
the m eta ph ys i c a l su btl e ti es w h i c h m is led his cc esso rs w s e viden tly a pp r ised su , a
if I kn o w a n ythi n g good fo r a fm o r fo r a n in fl am ma ti o n i n t h e ey r,
or a es , s
A re th ese lllike to e a n th er
a on o
Fl ,
‘ n
them
id Ar is ti ppu s can beauty differ fr om beauty —
.
But ho w , sa 8 te w ar t
,
0» Ms Bea u t iful Pa r t I C h p 1 , . a . .
for these var io us na m es des i gna te r ea lly d iffere n t as pec ts o f the r e l tio n o f a
, , .
THE {F.STHETIC EM O TI O NS .
th ey m ay be exp r es s ly p ro d u c ed fo r th e i r o w n sa ke i n wh i c h ,
c ase w e h av e a c las s of F i n e Ar ts a p ro fe ss i o n of A r ti s ts a n d
, ,
i s tou c h ed a t a gr ea t m a n y po in ts a nd ye t h ar mo n i ous ly ; ,
c r iti c is m to a tte m pt to fu s e t he v ar i ou s s ti m u l a n ts as s em
, ,
generality .
t o t he e m pl oy m e nt i n A r t o f t he va r i o u s e l e me n ts pas se d i n
r evi ew — t he se n sa ti o ns t h e i n te ll e c t ua l as s o c i a ti on s a n d t he
, ,
is to c o ll ec t th e s e v a ri ou s a ll us i o ns a n d s e e ho w far th ey w ill
,
u nl es s as c o nce iv e d i n id e a w e m u s t s tar t fr o m t he s en s e of
,
Hea r i ng A ll t he pl e as an t v ar i e ti es o f s ou n ds m ay en te r i n to
.
a rt i s ti c c om po s iti on s
, as
i n m us i c So me sou n ds ar e c h ar ac
.
s o u n d is t he ba s i s o f m us i ca l h ar mo n y The w a x i ng a n d .
w a n i n g o f so u n ds i s a n e ffec t p ar ti c ul ar ly i m p re ss ive A ll .
pl eas ur es o f mo vi n g s pe c ta c l e o f fo r m a nd ou tli n e i n c l u d , ,
c o r r es pon di n g t o t he v o l u m i n o us i n s o u n d a n d lyi n g a t ,
ca p a bl e o f givi ng an y o n e o f th o s e i m p r es s io ns in c o ns i d er a bl e
c o l ou r A r ti s t
’
.
The fir s t ideas
" of i ili ty
bea ut y for m ed by t h e m n d ar e , i n allpro ba b ,
de r ived fr o m colou r s . i t iv l
Lon g be fo r e n fa n s r ec e e a n y p eas ur es fr om the
bea uti es o f for m o r of m o ti on (bo th o f w hi c h r eq u ir e fo r th e ir pr ec e ptio n a , ,
A sk th e s w a in
Who j o urn e ys h om ewar d f o m a s umm e r -d a y s r
'
ow n food , an d ou r o w n s a es of
t t h un ge r a re an in fe r i or kin d ,
o ne is d e ba r re d fro m t he pleas u re th a t th e y m a
y th e reby
affor d The a ppea ra n c es tha t i n di ca te c l ea n li n es s o r t he
.
,
Swee t od ou rs i n pi c t u r es q u e a ll us i o n r i s e i n to t he r egion w e
, ,
rac te r t o se nsa ti o ns o f T o u c h A w ar m d e li ca te ly s o ft co n .
,
can not be d i p t d I c ns e q e ce f th t i ti m te a ss oc ia ti n w h i ch i
s u e . n o u n o a n a o s
a a e x a ua e e a
sion w h i h th e ye r ec iv es fr o m a l
c e l thos e moo th bj c ts bo t w hi h th e
e s o e a u c
too o f m oo th es s i s o ft n h e ig h t en ed by i ts r e fl ec ti
, s n , e s o cop i s ly i th on ou n e
‘
To lth s w e
al i tha t the id eas o f bea ty f r med by o sex are
ma y a dd, u o ur
w a r p d n t a littl
e ,
oby th e n ti s w e re le, ed to en ter t i n co nc e r n ing t h
o on a a e
ch ar m f th
s o th r T h t i n f ma l b uty a s moo th ski n is n
e o e . a tia l e e ea a ess e n
ing r ed i t must be gr a te d i n fa vo ur of M r B k s t h r y N or is it a t
en , n . ur e
’
eo .
.
, . .
THE E ST“ ET IC EM O TI O NS .
of eas y c om pr eh ens i o n by t he m an y i s sa i d t o e l e va te th e i r ,
r io r i t
y o f t he litera r y o ver allt he oth er fi n e a r ts
, , .
pl ace N ove lty Var i e ty and Wonde r are allear nes tly s ought
, , , ,
fro m th e la r ge h o l d th a t it ta k es o f m os t m in ds , a nd t he
q u an tity an d qua lity o f the pleas u re ac c r u i n g from it The .
o n ly th i ng d e m an d e d of t he a r ti s t is t o give it a n i d ea l p r e
s c u ta ti o n so fa r as to re mo ve t he a tt r i bu te o f m ono po ly fro m
,
a n d aas th e ti c al A ll t he v a r i o us o bj ec ts o f t e n d e r e m o tio n
. .
i na n i ma te an d a n i m a te a r e free ly m ad e u se o f i n t he p res e n t
,
‘
u pon as s y non ym ous with t he b ea u ti fu l The d e li c a te an d .
so m e o f i ts ph as es a fit s u bj ec t , W h en w e a ppr o ve o f the o c .
cas i o n o f an ou tbu rs t of w ra th it i s pl ea s in g to u s to ac c o m ,
t e On t he M
Bec B nr l ar ion of D elicac y w i th Bea uty ; Essa y on t he
Su s ana a nd Bs a ur t r vx. Par t II I Sec 1 6 . . .
THE E M OTI O NS OF SC I ENC E .
m o no po lis t pl e as u re bu t I de a l Po we r is o pe n an d free
, The .
a r ti s t
.
s i m pl e e mo tions as I h a v e e nu mera te d th e m , th os e of t h e
,
o r m o re o pe n th a n s uc h o bj e c ts
, Unfor tu na te ly h ow e v er
.
, ,
by whi c h th e y a r e p re v en te d fro m s h ar i ng in th e a r ti s ti c c ir c l e ,
se c o n dly , tr u th i s no t t he ca us e o f u n m in gl e d d e l ight an
y ,
t he ba n o f th es e t w o c on diti o n s a r e ma d e w e l c ome by t he
a r ti s t an d by t he ca te re r o f our
, a m us e men ts The mo re .
HAR M O NY IN 8 0UNI) .
cons i de r t he c ir c u m s ta nc es a
l ittle m o re c lo se ly A nd fi rs t , .
as t o t he mu s i ca l no te s o u n d ed a l o n e A s o u n d on o ne c o n .
i n wh a t is p r o pe r ly k n o w n as Ti me i n m us i c m ea n i ng t he ,
eq u a lity i n t he s u c c e s s i o n o f vi s ibl e m ag n it u de s I ca n n o t .
e x p ec ta ti o n .
bu t as re ga r ds hi . lo d y , o r a su c c efi o n o f m u s i ca l no tes , a l
lth e in te r va ls a bo ve
en u mer a ted a re a dm iss ible , be i n g th e i n te r vals co n s ti tuti n g th e comm on
iber ally
m ust be l use d w i th th e other s , i n melodi o us compos iti on .
ESTIIETIC EM
THE J O TI O NS .
n o te c o in c i d es with e v er y s ec o n d o f t he l o w e r ; a n d be tw ee n
i s a m i x tu r e o f di ffer e n t se ts o f equ a l i n te r v al s ; t h e c o i n c id
i ng o r do u ble bea t an d t he s i ngl e be a ts r ec u r r i ng i n t he sa me
,
c ul a t ed to yi e l d a h e ighte n ed s ti m u la ti on with t h e m i n i mu m
12 I n the fo r e go i ng e xp l
. a na tio n s w e h a ve i n c l u de d t he
,
ef fec t c o m mo n ly m ea n t by Ti me i n m u s ic th a t i s th e equ a l , ,
o b s er v a nc e o f Ti m e no t o nly e na bl e s c o m pli c a te d h a r mo n i es
,
t ion o f i n te r v a ls o f ti m e a ny i n e q u ality or di s p r o p o r ti on ac t s
,
as d e ter m in in g ti mbre a n d a r ti c la te di fl r e n ce a (H in tr od u ce
'
u e i g Q ea r n ,
on t he c o r res p on di n g a tti t ud e o f an ti c ip a ti on ; an d wh en t he re
is felt lik e mi s ta ki n g th e e n d of a s ta i r ’
, Wh enev er a .
a n d r e m i s s i on , li k e li ght an d s h a d e A c c or d i ng as so u nds a r e .
n ot to p r o du c e d is c or d s or to m i s s ha r m on i es , .
to the fall or c l os e o f a m el od y o r pe ri od
, , The m in d is , .
to t he s ta t e o f r e p os e It is u s u a l to en d a m u s i ca l com po
.
s iti ou on a l ow n ote o r if o th e r wi se to l
,
e t th e c l os i n g n o te
, ,
m i d dl e po i n t o f th e p e r iod, a nd fa lls a t t he en d th er e be in g ,
A ny go n g on w h l
soun d i
e o n e is atten d n g to somethi i i ng else is m uc h
more dis tr ees ing an d d str ac ng if i is exa ct ti
rh hm ca it ly yt i l an d so co mpels
t—
,
o ne to li
st en , an d ex pe ct, an d w a c h fo r i ts suc cess e bea s t iv like a pia no in
th e n ext house, or somebod y bea ting a tat to o with th ei r hands or feet .
P
HARM ONIES OF C OLO UR .
as in fl ow er be ds or obj ec ts o fl ar g er d i mens i on s as i n or na ,
‘
T wo l
co our s har mon ize, if one our , and th e other a
is s pr imi ti ve col
ti
c er a n mixtur e of th e tw o ours : th us re d har mo nizes w ith gr een
r e ma i ni ng ool
m ixt ur e of r cd an d y el
low ) ; yellow ha r mon iz es w i th violet (red and blu e) .
THE E ST E T H IC EMO TI ONS .
we r e s ou ght ’
.
To ta k e le case of a v er tical ele va tion har moni ously divi ded (as
th e si mp ,
th e divis ion s of th e h ei ght Cons ider a ble la titud e pr eva ils as to th is last r e
.
pro por ti on ; nam ely w hen th e hal f bread th i s a m ean pr o por ti ona l be tw een
,
m Th en ad e V ol I I p
r
'
, . .
, .
these p ro por ti ons acc or d ing to those n otes of t he m usical scale ha ving the
sam e r a tios i n th ei r n u mbe r of vibr a ti ons ; al th ough it i s n ot a ppa r en t w ha t
h e o bta ins by the com par ison see ing tha t bo th cas es fa ll un der th e same r u le
,
o f s i m p li ci ty o f ra ti os .
ell i pse is form ed w h os e gr ea te r axis is th e w hole len gth of the h ead fr om the
, ,
cons i der a ti ons as fol lows ; th e ext re mi ties o f the maj or an d m inor semia xes
,
ar e j o in ed so as to ma k e a r ig h t a ngled tr ian gl e an d th e ac u te a ng l es ar e r e
, ,
give the expans i on o f th e cr ani um A c ir cle of the same char acte r as the .
figur e of c ir c l e an d e lli pse gi ves th e per fec t har m oni c o utlin e o f the fac e w ith
, ,
t he t w o el em en ts o f N u m be r an d Sp ace gi vi n g to b o th a n ,
ar ti s ti c ca pabil
ity In t he case o f a m ultitu de o f obj e c ts
.
,
w e ar ran ge in eq ua l an d pr o po r ti on a te in t er va l s ; a n d w e
, .
al lth es e the e ye tr ac es e qu al
, i ty or co mm en s u r a bility i n th e . ,
the u pper t
extr e m i y of the e lli pse , a ser ies o f lin es ar e d r a w n on bo h si d es , t
m s th e m ve 9 (m ) (22t )
o
:an d t
°
s
hor izon ta l lin es ar e dr a w n m oss th e fa ce makin g s ser ies ofis osc eles tr iang les
,
.
Beg inn ing at the ou te r lines w ith th e lar gest an gle n am ely i or
,
th e ,
lin e jo in ing thes e passes thr o u gh th e cen tr e of th e e yes and c o nseq uen tly rs
, ,
'
j uncti on of the lin es of the angle o f t give the su per ior edge of the ch in .
By a s imilar sch em e o fpr opor tioned an gles Mr Ha y d eter mines th e bea uty , .
idea l di agr am an d th er eby enjo ys a pleas ing melod y o f ang les Wha t th e
, .
than this : the deep an gu lar m elod y can be ac ce pte d on ly as a ma th ema tical
eq uivalen t c t som e mor e a p pa ren t cha r m w h i c h Mr Ra y h as fa iled to give
, .
t he e nd o f co m pa c tn ess wh en th in gs a re to be c ro wde d i n to
,
s ul t i ng i ts ow n p r i m itiv e s en s ibility w ou ld tu r n aw ay fr om i t .
,
a n d s t un n i n g pa in s —
, ,
u p r ight w a ll i s l es s s ta bl e an d d e ma n ds e x ped i en ts n ot
,
r es pe c t a gr a n d r efi n em en t u p on t he m as s iv e py r am id
,
The .
ma te r i a l t ha t will ans we r th e p ur po se Th us t h e c o l u mn .
m ay th us p ro v e an e fi c ien t su ppor t an d g ra ti fy th e m in d ,
Str i ct adher enoe to th e per pen di c ular in a wal low es i ts ur genc y t o the
sen timen t n o w d isc ussed A tall obj ec t dec lin ing to one s ide gives the pa i nfu l
.
im pr es si on o f an s x pec te d fa l .eaning to w er
l The l of Pisa is said tobe q ui te
l
sta b e , fr om ha ving th e t
cen r e of gr a vity w i th in th e base , but such a da c lon
si on fr om the per pend ic ul e t o co n templa te
ar i s dis agr eos bl .
It w as for mer ly r ema r ked (Oontigsu ty, Q that the A rch ite c tura l p ropor
'
ti ons tha t ss h s fy th e mi n d must differ acc or ding t o the m ter ral; bea uty of
' ’
d ying fa ll i n mus ic and the w a ving c nr ve in vis ion ; a nd the har mon y be tw een
the p e a of m us ic , mo vemen ts seen , an d o ne s ow n m o vemen ts , as in the da nc e
’
.
Mo reo ver , ther e ar e ana logo us mod es o f str iking the diEe r en t senses ; the dis
tin c ti on betw een ac u te o r pungen t , and t h e ma ss ive or vol umin ous , r ei g n s
In th e t
ar s o fdec or a ti on an d des ig n, the su iting of co our l to for m m ust
be go ver n ed by the tas te , fan c y, or ca pr ic e of th e in divi d ua l Th er e ma y .
s , .
w r ks a bo un din g in d ta il
o w e cr a ve fo r so me compr e h ens i ve pla n tha t
e ,
hl e o f or d er thr o ug h ou t
e pr in ci pl
ae s th tic s pec i es
e U i f r mi ty is the h ighest vir tu e o f w ha t w e us e as mean s
. n o
—ia th e ar r a g m n t o f to o l
n s
e e d a ppara t us but i n th in gs enj o y ed as en ds
an , ,
w e g et sa ti ted by th e c o n ti u
a ce of th e sa m e s igh ts an d so un d s
n an .
enn u i f o m r ep e ti ti
r w h ile oth ers le an t o Cus to m a n d pr e fer th e app ear
o n. ,
n,
ac ti on bec a us e r u s t an d n o is e s u gges t ha r s h o bs tr u c ti on a n d
,
u p r oa r ; s t il
ln ess or a qu ie t ac ti o n h a vi ng so mu c h to
, ,
sc a f ,
c h er i s h o n t h e o th e r h an d
, e ver y a pp earan c e h o w e v er il
,
lu ,
r eg ul a r ity a n d s u ita b il
, ity i n the ar ra y of s epar a te obj e c ts s o
, ,
e m i n e n tly fa v ou r a bl e to th e m a rc h o f i nd u s tr i a l o p er a ti ons .
or p ur e whi te n es s o f s ur fa ce wh er e th os e c o ns titu te p l
, e
i ng e ffec ts ta ki n g ca r e to wipe o ff w h a te ve r s ta i n s a
,
on a ca r pe t or a s m al
, l h o le in a s toc ki n g wou ld n ot i n te r fere ,
27 Of the Subl
.
m os t p ar t s u c h as pec ts an d a pp ea r an c es as be to k en grea t
,
the ace o f
s ur f the gr oun d a ppear s s us ta n e i d l
at an e e va e t d
h e ight .
th e m ere v ol um e or ma gn i tu de o f i ts co n te n ts The m i nd is .
e l e va ti ng ef fec t
. Th ere is an e x act p ar a ll el in s oun d ; vo lu
mi no us so un ds as o f a gr ea t mu ltitu de a fu ll ban d t he
, , ,
N or can w e en ti re ly s e pa r a te t he no ti on o f p o we r i n t he
s tr i c tes t se nse fr om a v as t p ros pe c t th e e pith et co mman di ng
’
c ro wn in g gr a nd e ur o f s p ac e to a min d th a t can i n so me d e
H IC M OTI ONS .
m as s ha ve the el
, a ti n g i n fl uen ce of th e v olu m i no us Her e too .
, ,
ages - w ak e n u p th is sen ti m e
, n t i n t h e r efl ec ti n g m in d a nd ,
o f so man y h o pes .
c iden ta lt o t h e s u bl im e th er e m ay be a d e p r es s in g fee li ng of
,
o f t h e s u bli m e In an o bj ec t o f wo r s hi p bo th senti m e n ts cc
.
,
a bs e n c e of th e o th er .
‘
grea t po w er or e n e gy
r A ny h uman be i n g th a t to wer s
.
‘
Ths mo oonc id m fi ons appec r t o mo to thmw a sa ti s fa c t or y l
u ight on
that in ti ma te conn exion betw een tha ids as o f Su blimity and of Errer- gy w hi ch
Mr Knig h t hu fixed on u th e fun da men ta l pr in c i pl
. e o f his th eor y Th e .
s tr ik es th e s p ec ta to r with an e x al te d i dea o f p o w er We ar e .
. ,
l e vel o f o ur kin d .
er te d w i ll
, he in Op po si tion to th at o f th e p ow er s to w hi ch i t i s sub
of cour se ,
« at t en d i ng s p ri i t; of br a y-
i ng up ag a in st the p r ess ur e of mi sfo r tun e ; o f an c c
p i n ng or (c u t t i ng am b on ;
'
itither s H en ce too an ad di
an d in n u m er a be l o .
, ,
i
ti ona lasso c a ti o n , str en g h en t
in g w de r funy the ana logy a lr ead y m en tio ed
on , n ,
tio n w ill be found to be chiefly thos e r e c omm en ded in th e Sto ica l Sc hoo l ;
,
in g th e cas es w h ere i ts sens i ble effec ts d o n ot a ttr ac t obse r vati on ; but w her e
i ts s ile t opera ti n is m
n or ed by the o ppos i ti o n i t r es ists
eas u or by the w e igh t ,
fr a nti c t um nihi l
'
mm uc i t m i m p ubl
‘ '
, s e rn n n er : ec u .
, r ,
I.
Q
THE ANIMAL KN GD OM .
o f t he r e p u gna n ce th at w e e n te r tai n to w ar ds n ot a fe w o f t he
o r t he po w er of i n fli c t ing pa l pa bl e da ma ge to pe r son o r p ro
si on ; it is v e r y mu c h p ro por ti o n ed to t he r a pi d ity o f th e i r
l
s en der or en tir ely wan ti ng It is the n atu re o f a s tr ong
, .
e mo ti on to ve nt its el f i n s o me w ay o r o th er ; a n d t he sen ti
m e n t o f d i s gu s t i s an ex ce e di n gly p o w er fu l pr i nc ipl e sh o w i n g ,
th e e l e m en ts o f c ol ou r a nd b r illia n c y—i n t he s k in t he e y es
t h e h a i r t he tee th —o f a w ell —
, ,
, , c ompl ex i on ed m an o r w om an ,
c o v e te d i n t h e s m all es t de ta il as m ay be in fe r r e d fr om t he
,
c h a r ms o f s u ppo r t of c ur v a t u r e a n d o f n u m er i ca l h ar m on y
, , ,
a r e willing t o ab an don th e fl o wi n g o u tl i ne .
.
, ,
THE HUMAN FO RM .
t he p ro p er p r o p or ti on o f the n os e to t he r e s t o f t he fa c e It .
of c o ns id e ra ti on s to ac c ou n t s o m e o f t h e or ga ns m o r e d ign ifi e d
,
divid ual s ba s ed on a c o m p a r i s o n of t he s p ec i m e n s th e y ar e
a cc u s to me d t o s ee .
3 5 The be au ti e s o f M o v e m en t an d Ex p re ss i on ar e m u c h
.
o f m o v em en ts in whi c h c ur v es ar e p re fe rabl
,
e to s tra igh t li n es ,
feel ing lik ewis e ass u mes the same o utwa r d dis pla y We have .
see n a ls o th a t t he s e n ti men t o f p o w e r a w ak en ed by t h e p r o ,
s u dd en e l a tio n to t he s pi r i ts , by withdr a w in g re s t ra in t, o r
s u b d u ed for m o f t he ou tb u r s t if it be p ro p er to d es igna te t he
,
s m il e as a s pe c i es o f t he lau gh .
a s i eg e an d al ld i sc or d a n t thi n gs ; a wo l f in s h ee p s c l othi ng
’
, ,
a b r ea c h of b ar ga i n a n d fa lseh oo d i n
, gen e ra l th e m u lti tu de
ta ki n g the l a w in th e ir ow n h an ds an d e ve r ythi n g of t he ,
’
w ho ne er v dr ea m t th at th e re w as any perso n o r par ty , p r ac tic e
or o pin i o n d er ided i n th e m To m y m in d on th e co n tra r y
’
.
, , ,
m er ly I n o th er w or d s it i s an ex pr es s i on o f t he pleas ur abl e
’ ’
.
,
so m e on e e l se as in t h e e nj o ym en t of co mi c lite r a tu re ge n e r a lly
, ,
p ar ties s ys te ms o pini ons ins tit uti ons , and ev en ina n ima te
, , ,
fi tu re . No t , h o w e v er tha t th er e i s n ot e ven i n t he m os t
,
s io n s u c h as w oul
, d n ot c ons i s t with t h e unmitiga ted glee o f
tr i um pha n t s u pe r i or ity !
R e v er tin g to th e s ta t em en ts in t he p r ec e di n g s e c ti on 37) ,
spec ia l con d i tions of H umo ur an d sha ll not occ u py space by re peati ng them
,
LAU G HTER A LIEF FROM CO NSTRAIN T
RE .
d igni ti es th a t fr om so m e c ir c u ms ta nce or o th er do n ot c o m
, ,
, ,
wh en t he cas e is of th e o th er s or t .
o f r es tr a in t, th a t th e y ar e willi n g to be s c r e w ed u
p in to the
s e r i o us p os tur e for a m o m en t i n o r d er to l u x u r i a te i n t he
,
m ea n o r as th a t i m pos ed u po
u , c h il dr en an d g id d y p e ple in ce r ta in pla c es
n o ,
. a n
Or i n the r om ons t r an ce to a la d y
Per ha ps it w as ri ght to d is sembl e your lo ve ,
B t w h y did you ki k m e d o w n s ta ir s
u c
But th e mor e per fec t the fus i n o f th e t w o h os tile in gre d ien ts or the o
,
.
’
,
’
a sr
'
s .
n ecess i ties o f li f an d oc c si ona lly im pos e d w ith ut an y gre a t nec ess ity is
e, a o , ,
atten ti n as w e ll as o f la bori o us e f
o fo r t a n d the r em iss i n o f bo th th e on e and , o
a ttit d
u e v n al th ou g h se ver e an d ex ha us tin g ; b t if th e y ar e o n ly ac tin g
e, e u
s u ch
per so ns eep k up th e the ir o w n sa ke an d ren der
cor r es pon d n g for ms i for ,
t lv
h ems e es the bu tt an d port o f th ose o f an Oppos ite temper am t w ho als o
s en ,
e , .
d is pos ed to b st tr ee fr om th em
ur H ence th ir ha bitual i r r e v r ence to w a r ds
. e e
su pe r i or s an d th e ir i n di f
,
fer en ce to th e solem n ity o fimpor ta n t inte rest s The y .
or da m u p a st r ea m t o see th e b r ier su dd n ly s w e pt a w y by th e c ur r e t
a r e a n .
I n a p per on th e Ph ys i ol gy o f la g h te r i n M mil
a l
oa ? M
g zine u , ac n a a
,
m c h w is h h e h a d pr od uc ed s u c h a p u n as I ha v e n e ver y t m et w i th on e o f
u , e
the sor t The J l-b k pu blis hed by M ar k Lemon is an am ple sto r eh ouse to
. u oo
w ith th e ge u in ely l di c ro us
n W it w i th alli ts br illia nc y and ing n uity is
u . , e ,
sa d ly w an ti ng in unc t i on if i t ta k es n o one d o w n
, N one o f th e w ell-re m em .
ovil j
, ust
and un us j t ante ce den tly to any pos itive
, comm n
pr ohibi ti on of a d or
la nd p1
God, but that thc s r bi tn r y w il easur e of God (that il an Omni pot ent
me n de d by hi m A n d he r in P ets-
. na A l
liac ua an d An dre as d N o vo Cas tro
e , o ,
last ic ages w ho were led to c all in q sti the im m t bility of mor al distino
,
ue on u a
ti ons by the pi ous design o f magn i fyi ng th per fec ti ons o f th e Dei ty I am e .
Pal y eS uc h au tho s cer t ai nly d not re collec t that what they ad d to the
. r o
e en us s
fia t-
,
a ,
ru o ,
r , c
immu table stan dar d h e pron oun ces that God is j t ight an d t r ue If us , r eous , .
p . 26 6 .
RA TI ON AL M O RALI STS .
so m e pai n to be avo id ed s om e im p u l se to be fo ll o w e d ou t
, .
Th e sa m e criti c i s m appli es to th e di c tu m o f Ke n t ac t
i n suc h a w ay th a t y our co n d uc t m ight be m ad e a l a w to all
be i ngs T hi s is a n i mpo rtant att rib u te or c on dition of right
.
‘
c o n d uc t ; n o ac t- i o ns c an be app ro v e d th a t m ight n o t b e ge ,
ta i n ed by t he au tho ri t y a nd P un i s h m ents of S oc i e ty h e w o u ld ,
o r s h o u ld h a v e mad e th e ir l as t wil
, l and te s tam en t in fav our
of some s ingl e d es po ti c ruler Thi s w as th e p racti cal ques
.
R
T HEO RY O F A MORAL SENS E .
i n cl u d e d .
et el
pl y m et .
6 A l t h ou gh
. th e rigorous m od e of vi e wi ng th e m ora l
se n se whi c h c o m p ares i t t o th e se n se of ho t a nd c o ld or th e
, ,
a lm o s t di s pen se wi t h e d uca t i o n y e t t hi s vi e w h as n e v er b ee n
,
i n t he co mm on co n s c i en ce of man k in d by whi c h be n e v o l e n ce , ,
m an (6 or i s it th e d ec is io n of a p u bli c b ody
au th ori ze d t o d ec id e for t he re s t of th e co mmu nity 1 We h a ve
n o diffi culty i n k no wi ng wh at i s t h e s ta n d ard of t r uth i n
reas o ne d or w ritte n a bo u t .
ha ve th e in de p e nd en ce h e re co n ten de d for I n co ns t ru c t i ng
.
so ns be i n g e i t h e r t h em se lv es th e go v ern i ng bo dy of t h e n ati on
, ,
A s t ro n o m e r Ro y a l wit h his s ta ff a n d th e bo dy of as t ro no
,
mers ge ne rally .
a fii r me d o r be li e v e d m us t b e af fi rme d or bel i e v e d by so m e bo dy
as ac c e ptabl e t o th e i r i n divid ual j u dgm e n ts M any m i nd s .
on e e l se .
'
t he fi rs t p e r s o n pl ur al he i s hi m sel f i n e i t h er cas e th e i ns ep a
,
'
whe n D r Vlhew ell s peaks of an u niv ersal Reaso n h e ca n
.
,
be di s c o v ere d an d p ro v e d by fu tu re re sea rc h ? A n d wi ll no t
m any pos itio n s now ac c epte d as tru th s be re fu te d h ereaft er
, ,
be li e f
I a dm it th e fac ts as h e re s et fo rth , bu t d e ny th e i n fere n ce
b ui lt u p on th e m Pr o pos iti o ns m ay b e c i te d whi c h I in
.
,
th e wh o l e h um an rac e Th e p ro po s iti o n s w e re t ru th s th en
.
,
th ou gh n o on e be li ev e d th e m as thev are t ru th s n o w ; fu l l
,
co me in to possess i o n of ex te n de d k n o wl ed ge an d s ho u ld ad o pt ,
n e i t h er i s n or can be an y u n iv e r sa l s ta n dard of t ru t h s or
, , ,
'
D r Wh e we ll tells us th a t e ac h m an s co n sc i en ce may err
.
,
’
and eac h ma n s rea s on ma y err b u t tha t t he co mm on c on ,
d e n y i n fa llibility t o e i t h er Bu t wh e th er th e Po pe or t h e .
thi s i s ce rt ai n— th at i f i n fallibili ty i s t o be fo u n d , it m us t
res id e in so m e h u m an boso m I t c an no t be an a t t rib u te .
sc ie n c e an d Re aso n o f wh ic h D r W h e w e ll s pea k s as i n fe l
, .
l ibl e C ou n c il ?
th at t he sa me ac t i o n s th at ra is e t he fee li n g i n th e on e wi l l ,
b o th o f th e m h av e i n c omm o n th e sam e s en ti m en t o f j us ti ce
a n d i nj us ti c e Bu t th e s enti m en t is ra i s ed by to ta lly di ffere n t
.
, ,
.
o n e of th e se n s es .
p ro p erty m us t ex is t wh e re v er a n u m be r o f h u m an be in gs liv e
,
all o ve r th e gl o b e I f th e se ns e of th e co mm o n safety w e re
.
UNIF O RMI TY O F M O R AL JUD G MENTS .
m i n e an d th in e th an th e race co u ld
’
a n d so m e r es p ec t for ,
‘
e tern al a n d i mm u tabl e moral j u dg men ts on those h ea d s ,
12 I n th e sec on d pl ac e m an ki n d h av e b ee n s i n gu l arly
. ,
positi n Th e re bel
o .
. admired
an d hono ure d
if succ es s ful , i s Thie ves a d . n
by la w an d soc ie ty .
THEO R Y OF A DA}! SM IT H .
e n ta n l e t hi s co m pli ca ti o n a n d re fe r ea c h c l as s of d u t i es to
g
,
i n t he con d uc t th a t h e i s ca lle d u p on to es ti m at e It is .
0 ‘
A go od man s tru gglin g with adve rs ity i s a sigh t for t he gods A .
’
c o n d u c t o f o ur fe ll o ws
. Thus i t is tha t tho S par tan or the y o u n g A me ri c an
I n dian un de rgoes phys ic al to rtu r e to gain the appla use bes to wed u pon the
,
a n d t h e o b se rv an ce of a ll th e max i ms of e vid en ce se t u p to ,
p ro tec t th e i nnoc e n t .
to th e d oc t ri n e of a M ora l S e ns e I t se ts u p an ou tw ard .
ha ppin ess o f th e gre ates t n um ber has th e merits and some of th e de fec ts
,
’
, ,
m eas ure does mor e goo d to a larger n um ber o f peo ple than ano th er Be n .
tham aim e d th e pr i nci pl e or iginally at clan i ter es t u der whi c h th e gre ates t n s, n
h appin ess of th e small est n um ber was the deter m inin g m o tive o f p blic u
In M or als B en tham o pposed to U tility first Asce tic is m and next wha t
, , , .
en dea vour e d t o class ify and en u mera te o ur pleas ures and pains .
I ha ve e lse where sta te d some o f the diffi cul ties atte n din g th e pri nc ipl e of
U ti li ty as thus expr e ss e d but whic h d o n ot affec t its so un dn es s as o ppo se d to
,
B en th am
wou ld ha ve co n tr ibu te d s ti ll m ore to th e pr omotion of soun d
e thi c al disc uss i on if h e had re v er se d th e plan of h is w ork an d en ti tl ed i t
, ,
tangible and more form ally and ofi c ially con str u c te d de par tmen t of obliga
,
i ts pri vate ac ti on ou indi vid ual s an d th e pu bli c leg is lati on th r ough tha go vern
,
a uthorities an d soc ie ty genera lly d o n ot thi n k pro per to pun is h they do not ,
what soc i ety requ ire s un der pain ofpuni s hmen t by exc ommun i cati o n or oth ab
wise —th e gen uine ofie nc es that are n ot passed o ver A s yste m of mo r als for
'
. .
c ed ur e.
UTILITY xor TO as m os e s !) TO ALL LEN GT H S . 275
te rms of s oc i a l c o m m uni o n .
'
li ng t h at it i s c o n ce iv e d n o co mp ari so n e x is ts be tween th e
,
’
tho u gh na t ure s ho u ld co ll ap se i s th e high es t fl ight of s en ti
,
m en ta li s m ‘.
sa id ; as a free ma n h e h as made hi s o wn c h o i ce I f h e i a .
A nd so wi t h any n u m be r o f m e n e ac h carryi ng o ut i n hi s o w n ,
wi s h , by an i mp ro ve d e d ucati on or in o t h e r w ay s to free hi s , ,
n u m b er j o i n i n t h e a n t ip a thy to ma k e a ru li n g p arty i n t h e
An dre w F letc her that h e wo uld lose his life to serv e his coun try ; bu t would
n ot do a base thin g to sa ve i t —
,
in l cmnm u n i t zcs ,
al are gr ou nd ed p ar tl
y on Util
i ty' and
y on Sen ti ment
p a r tl If w e p u t as ide th e ques ti o n as to the
.
wer e obs e rve d to be ben efic i al an d whic h th ere for e th ey d sir e d s hould be
, , , e
per formed T his is to affi rm th at a ll m on lr ules ori gin ally had re feren c e
.
’
to u ti li ty w ell or ill -
, c ons id re d T hi i m pres i n is n t an uncommon on e
e . s s o o .
in the mer cs t cere mo nial us ages as i n th e s ys tem o f abl ati on so pre v ale t
,
n
advan ce u tili tarian p r etex t: for sen timen tal re quiremen ts but the empti ness ,
po w er fu l o r ga n o fd is gu s t If an y c las s of li vi n be ings s h ou ld
.
g
ti p athi es s tr o ng to th e h ur t o f t he obj ec ts o f th e m bu t so me ,
i ngs o f d s l e so st ro n
i ik g an d so
i n fl ue n ti a l as to pl ac e th em ,
a re n ot p e r m itte d e v en to be n am ed Soc i e ty is ap t to l oo k.
as un w or thy s p r in gs of ac ti o n .
t he gr owth o f o th ers .
a c ti on s an d s ha pe t h e c o n sc ie n c es
, o f h i s o w n an d fu tu re
,
mou ld a fres h t he m or a l se n ti m en ts o f hi s ti m e Th us it w as .
p a r t a n d t he r es po n s ib ility o f ma i n ta in i n g it in i ts p r ese n t
,
s h a pe c a n be br ou ght h om e to th e p rop e r p a r ti es It i s m er e .
h ea d in ev e r y cas e .
an d t he gr ea t m aj or ity o f w r ite rs on t h e Th eo r y o f M or a l s ,
ou r s e lv es o f th e go v e r n m en t with ou t us an d e v e n wh en dif
u s t o t he pe r fo r man ce o f soc i a l d u ty j us t as th er e ar e a l so
(
o the r p r im itiv e i m p u l s es whi c h d i s po s e us t o pe r for m ac ts
or s e lf-i n te r es t a n d
, (2) Sym pa th y wh ic h pro m pts to dis
i n te r es te d c on d u c t ; bu t the pec u li ar qu a lity or a ttr ibu te th a t
w e ter m co ns c i en c e i s di s ti n c t fr o m al lt hes e and r epr o d uces
, ,
illustr ation of th e gro w th of the mora l sen ti men t in the h uman be ing fr om
c h il dh ood u pw a r ds tha t the r ea d er ma y ta k e it alon g w i th my ow n r en der i n g
,
l ess magn ified by fea r The pec u l iar ity a tten di ng the ki n d .
of e vil i n fli c t e d as a d e te rr in g i ns tr u m en t is t h e in d e fi n ite
, ,
en d i s s ec ur ed Th e kn o wl e d ge o f th is l ea v es o n t he m i nd a
.
d eg r ee I n th i s ma nn er z
. the i de as of pr a is e a n d blame bec o me assoc ia te d
,
i dea o f ou rs elves per form ing cer ta in s e ts is a soc ia ted w i th the i dea of our s
so c osel ly that i
th e dea s beco m e a t last in disso l
u bl
a In this assoc a i tion co n
s ta n c e o f m o r al
ity ; bu t as c on c er n s d u ty s tr ic tly s o ca ll ed ,
j ec t. So meti m es th is i s a m or e p o w e r fu l de t er r in g i mpu ls e
w ith w h om th e deai i i l ly j i
pr a s e is n d s so ub
of i o n ed v
A n d in the co n ers e .
case th at
, o f bl i ti i i il
a me w ort h n ess , th e for ma on o f th e d ea is s m a r .
M an y l i t t i t i ti
po w er fu c rc ums an ces come in ai d of hese mpor ta n assoc a o ns
at an ear ly a ge .We find ha n o t on our par en s ac t in h s mann er , bu t
t t ly t ti
al lot h e r paren ts W e fin d tha t gr ow n people ac t in this manner n ot only
.
,
tow a r ds c hildre n but tow ard s one another The assoc ia tion s ther efor e a r e
, .
, ,
un bro k en gen er a l an d al
, l-compr eh en ding
,
.
w a y enla r g ed w h e n w e ac t in anoth er w a y
, H en ce an oth er most i mpor tant .
on e w ay r a ther th an an other - p 26 9
’
. . .
,
-
m am ms or c os sc ms c s . 287
sc i e n ce co rre s po ndi n g .
direc te d to th e h is to ry an d d es ti n i es of n ati on s an d t he h u m a n
fam ily at large —c he ris h th e co m p re h e ns iv e se nti me nt to w ards
,
manki n d .
25 We m us t n ex t ta k e s p ec i al cogniz an ce of th e se l f
.
-
to s tand u pon e u i n de pe n den t fo un da ti on j us t as t he s tu d e n t,
th e m o n e viden ce of his o w n fi n di n g Wh en th e y ou ng m i n d
,
.
,
s equ e n ce .
o f F r i en d s to r e fuse an oath i n e ve ry fo r m A ga i n an i n di . ,
th e i r m i n ds to su c h an i n fe re n ce th e y fe e l co n s t rai n ed to c om ,
detac hed fr o m th e sanc ti o of the c ommu ni ty or some po wer exte r nal to the
n ,
in divi dual Even then the n oti n sen tim en t r form of d ty is der i ved fr om
. o , ,
o u
Soc ial obe di en ce devel ops in the mi n d or igin ally the feelin g a d habi t o f oh n
su c h se lf-im posed obli gati o s th e per son does not fear pu bli c censure but h e
n ,
T
MO BAL DISA PPBOBATI ON .
t o r es o rt t o suc h a n hypo th es i s .
27 H ither to I ha v e su pp ose d th e co n sc i en ce to Op e ra te
. ,
re fe rr i ng to o u r moral j u dg me n ts res pe c ti n g th e c on d u c t of
o th e rs al t h o ugh th e re i s n o thi n g ab s t ruse or difii c u l
,
t to ex pl a i n
in thi s new case I mus t p re m i se , h o w ev er i n thi s c onn e x i o n
.
, ,
sa me se n se o f d uty th a t o pera te s u p on o ne s o w n se lf an d ’
,
co m e i n to pl ay w h en s o me o th e r pe rs on is th e gu ilty ag en t
Th e fe eli ng th a t ri se s u p to w ard s th at p erso n i s a s t ro ng fee l
i ng o f di s pleas ure or di sl ikc p r op o r t io ned to th e s t ren gt h o f
'
m e n t or a di s po s i t i on to i n fli c t p u n i sh m en t u po n the ofie nd er
, .
s e n ti m e n t a n d a n all o w abl e di f
fere n ce of o pi n io n Thi s b r i ngs .
ba ti on i t be i ng k no w n tha t th e l a w s n e v er a pp ro v e b u t o nly
,
’
,
be m e r it i n th e p e rfo rm an c e o f d u ty w h en th e c i rcums ta nc es ,
of p eo pl e w o u ld fall s h ort of it A m an m ay s o d is ti n gu i s h .
d on e to re w ard th em wh e n u n de r th e gui da n c e of a wi se
,
a n d occu py a s ph e re of th e i r ow n Wh a t soc ie ty h as s ee n.
r ac te r i ze as vi rt uous and n o bl e co n d uc t a n d re w a rd w it h ,
an d whi c h th eref re is no t bi n di g
, o Co nsequen tly it is ot so pro per ly a
, n . n
ann exed a diff ren t m eani n g to the te rm i mp erfec t s pe akin g ofim perfec t obli
e ~
pp 255—2 5
.
J -
Of ur bp r ude m , . .
a nd no t u n der d u ty .
I mus t als o adver t to th e doc tr in e main tai ne d more es pec ially am ong ,
Calvin is ts tha t th e u tmos t that e ven a pe rfec t hum an be ing could do is stri c tly
,
Upo n this I would re m ar k that su ch a ten et is not E thi c al but Th eologi cal .
c l u di n g men (s u ch as B utler
) n o les s atta c hed to Ch ri s tiani ty than himse l f
THE WI L L .
C HA PT E R I .
the fo un da ti on or ge r m of vo li ti o n, i n o u r m en ta l co n s ti
,
so u n d n es s of th e s e vi ew s wil l be
p u t t o a s e v er er te s t i n t he
c our s e of t he p res e n t Boo k i n whi c h it i s p r o pose d to go i n to
,
a fu ll d e ta il o f th e v ar i ou s c l asses o f v o liti o ns I n th i s p re li .
m in e r y c h apte r I s h al
, l ex a mi n e at l ength the t w o fun da m en ta l
c o m po ne n t e l em en ts o f t he W ill s e t fo r th i n th e p as sa g es
,
a bo v e r e fe rr e d to Th es e a r e fi r s t th e ex i s te nc e o f a s p on ta
.
, ,
n eou s te n d en c y to ex ec u te m ov e m e n ts in d e pe nd e n t of t he
o ne c o mes un de r t he c on tro l o f t he o th er .
p r evi ou s v ol u me It is th ere l a id do w n th a t mo v e me n t p r e
.
,
c ed e s s ensa ti on a n d i s a t t he ou ts e t i n d e pe n d e n t o f an y
,
a n d in se p ar a bl e p ro p e r ty o f ou r c on s titu ti on th a n an y o f ou r
se n sa tio ns , a n d i n fa c t en te r s a s a c om po n en t p ar t i n to e v er y
, ,
’
whil e its el f is a s i m pl e a n d e l e m en ta r y p r o per ty A ser ie s o f .
c i rc u ms ta nc es o f a w a k e n i ng fro m s l ee p , w h e r e i n m o v e m en t as
t h e re is i n th e c o ns tit u ti o n a s to r e o f n e r v ou s e n er gy ac c u mu ,
la te d d ur i ng the n u tr ition an d r e po s e o f t he s ys te m an d ,
to a ma t u re s ta te a n d at t he mo m en t o f th e i r r ipen e s s b egi n
,
No c i r c u ms tan c e c a n be as s ign e d o f t he n a tu r e o f a s ti mu l us
t o co mm e nc e thi s ac t N e ith er th e s iz e a tta i ne d n or the
.
,
the s u r fa c e o f t he u te ru s c an be fa i r ly as s ig ne d as t he co n di
,
r a t u s ha s r eac h e d t he p o i n t o f p e r fe c t m a t ur ity t he i n h e re n t ,
po we r of t he or an s pon ta n eou s ly d i s c h ar es i ts e l f i n t he ac t
g g
a bl e
gro u nd fo r s u pp os i ng th at a dea d s ti l l ne ss w o u ld be
3 00 r ue r a mm vs s t amen s or vou r rox .
m u s c u la r s ys te m an d th u s givi ng v en t to a c o pi ous s tr ea m of
,
n o ti c i n g h u nd r e ds o f i ns ta nc es wh e re l oc o mo ti on r e s u lted fr om
m en t o f t he h u m a n a r ms and h an ds is p r o m p te d i n to ac ti on
i n t he sa m e w ay a nd l ea ds to the e xe c u ti on o f man y d i ffer en t
,
mo ve me n ts o f t he t r u nk n ec k a nd h ea d whi c h u s u a lly c hi me
, , ,
‘
The vo c a l or ga ns ar e a di s ti nc t an d no ta bl e gr ou p o f t he
a c tive m e m be rs The u tter an c e of th e v o i c e i s u nequ ivoc all y
.
a n d s o ng ; i n a n im a l s the o u tbur s ts of ba r ki ng b r a yi ng
, , ,
i
almen t ar y canal .
‘
Wh en the pe lvi s an d thor ax are fi xed, th e abd o m ina l
m usc les can con s r ctti th e ca vity , an d co m pr es s i ts visc er a , par t ic u la r ly if t he
d ia phra gm be mad e to d esc en d at t he sam e ime, as occ u r s t in vomi i n g , or i n t
t he e xp ul
s i on o f th e fw t us , of fenc e s, o r u r in e
’
Th ese ac ions, hou g h . t t so me
t t t t
imes a u o ma ic , a re als o v ol un a r y in th eir na u r e, an d ha ve to be ac t q ir ed
u
fr om th e nam e or ig i nal el t
em en of s po n tan ei y a s th e res t t .
i
as to be bro ug h t n to pla y v i l t y
to se r e t h e p ur poses o f th e an ma , bu t h e ar e
i l it
n ca pab e , l i t ly
w o u d ap pea r , o fbe n g se pa r a e c o mm a n d ed Itsee ms n o t t o .
r e gi on w i th o t a ff ti n g th e m us c l e o f th
u ec oth er a t th e s m e ti m e ; a f ct e a a
s ti mu l u s ca n p ro c ee d to o n e withou t i n v o lvi ng t he wh ol e
, .
The fore li m b s i n q ua d r u pe ds a r e mo re en do w ed i n th i s p ar ti
c ul a r th an t he h i n d li mbs ; whil e i n t he h u ma n s u bj ec t t he
.
,
ar m s i s a p r i mitiv e c onj u n c ti on c au s i n g th e m s o m e ti me s to
,
o th e r r e ma i ns u n m ov e d ; w er e t h i s n ot t he cas e w e s h ou l d ,
mo ve m e n ts o f the t r u n k a n d h ea d a r e ap t to go i n u n i o n but ,
mo v e m en ts m ay be pe r fo r med as we ll as c o mbi n e d o n es
i mplyi ng d is ti nc t p r i m itive c u r r en ts fr o m the o r gans of c e n tral
po w er The fiex ion s a nd e x tens i o ns of the tr un k a nd th e
.
,
v a r i ou s m o ti ons o f t he h ea d ar e o f th is i n depen de n t c ha ra c te r
,
i s i n a gr ea t d egr e e is o lat ed s o as to be t he s u bj ec t o f a n e x
,
t he M ou th an d t he J
, ew . The to ngu e i s an o r gan o f g rea t
304 r ue r axm r x
vs E EM ENTS or L vou r rox .
t he au r a l m u sc l es wh e reby th es e ha v e s h ar e d t he s po n ta n eo u s
,
t h e ea r in t o m o tion w e s ho ul d i n al
, lp ro ba bility fa il ; i n t he
a bse nce o f s po nta n e ity w e ha ve n o bas is to p ro ceed u po n
, .
t he s po n ta n eo us i m p u l se w as re pea te d w e s houl d in t he en d ,
t he gr ea te r or l es s vig ou r o f t he ce n tr a l dis c h a rg e We ha ve
to p re par e t he w ay for re n de r in g an ac c o u n t of th ose oc cas i ons ,
The fi rs t c ir c ums a n c e
t des er vi ng o f men tion is the N a tura l
Vigou r o i th e c on s titu tion Th ere ar e as w e h av e se en m en
‘
.
, ,
o f t h e ac c u m u l a ti n g c ha r g e by te m p orar y r es t ra in t —ar e
u
p
p r ed is pos ing c au ses o f a gr eat an d s u dden o u tbur s t d u r i ng ,
’
wh ic h t he i n d ividua l s ac tiv e ca pa bi li ty is a t t he hi gh es t pit c h .
e v e n ts t o p er fo r m s om e gr ea t fea t
. Th e boy l e t o u t fro m
.
a n d di s pl ac e s h ea vy bo di es an d s h ou ld th es e Ope ra ti o ns be
,
7 T he n ex t c irc u ms ta nc e to be c on s i der ed i s w ha t is
.
a c tivity c an be co n v e r te d i n to a n ex tr aor di n ar y d is c ha r ge o f
o f an e xc ita bl e n a t u r e w e m ea n a n e s p e c i a l p ro ne n ess t o th is
,
U
306 ms r anm m : m m or V OLITI ON ’
.
a s a e of e c
t t x ite men t , o n e effec t
i n c r eas e i i g
ar s n from it is an
on e w ay of p r e p a r i n g t h e s y s te m to m ee t it is to in d u c e a
gener al e xc ite men t of the s y s te m whi c h bei ng di r ec te d in to ,
s pec i a l c o n s i d e ra ti on F i rs t i n or d er w e mu s t pl ac e t he
. ,
t he sy s te m i n whi c h t he mu s c u l ar en er gi es m u s t pa r ti c ipa te
, .
of a v er y po w er fu l ki n d A s u d de n s tr ok e of s u c c e ss e la tes
.
e n er gy in a ny di rec tion .
I n t he s eco nd pl ac e s ti mu la ti o n m ay ar ise fr o m Pa i n
, By .
e xc ep ti on i n t he cas e o f ac u te s m ar ts A c r u s hi ng bl o w o r a .
,
n o t n ec es sa r y th a t the s h oc k s h ou l d be p ai n fu l a lth ou gh in ,
c es s es o f t h e s y s te m .
308 r m: ra rm r rvr: m ea s ur e or vomrros
'
.
bar r i er ,
or the ditc h , is gh
its el f to d ra w o ut an
e nou of
a ugme a s tr ea
m of c er eb r a l e ne r gy To s tr ik e a h ea vy blo w.
a r us h of n er v o us e n er gy to w ar ds t he m u sc l es o f th e ar ms
an d tr un k ; bu t e ven with t h e fir m e s t as s oc i a ti on s uc h as is ,
s t re n gth o f d i sc h a r ge A ve r y s u dd en bl o w c an be s tr u c k
. ,
or u n d er a pass i o n a te b u r s t as fr igh t or r ag e ,
In a h a n d -to .
a r e a l r eady u n d e r a to r r e n t o f e x c ite m en t Wh a t ma y be .
LI NK O F F EE LIN G AND A C TI O N .
10 Th e m od e
. pera tion n ow s u ppo s e d altho ugh as I
of o , ,
wh ol e fac t th at w e te r m v olitio n A s ec o n d e l e me n t is .
11 I n my for me r v o l u me (I ns ti nc ts
. I e ndeavour e d ,
e n te r s in to Vo lition .
a n d c on s equ en tly i n th e m w e h a v e on e l
, , i nk a t l eas t bet w een
Fee li ng a nd Ac ti on A p a i n fu l s ma r t a wak en s u s to ac tivity ;
.
will foll ows a noth er la w The mos t gen eral fa c t o f e motio nal
.
se l ec ti on i s th a t s ta te d by M r H er be r t Sp e nc e r n am ely t he
.
, ,
t he v o i c e i s s ti m u l a te d the m u s c l es of r es pi ra ti o n a r e a ffec te d ;
,
i n t he r ou n d o f o u r v ar i o u s m a n i fes te d fe e li ngs W hy t he n it .
, ,
m ay be as k ed h a v e r ec our s e a t al
,
l to t he d oc tr i n e o f p u re
s po n ta n e ity i n or de r t o o b ta i n a fi r s t c omm enc e me n t o f a c ti on
, ,
por ti on o f o ur s p ec i al em o ti ons .
ta n ei ty a m o u n ti ng to a fo rce o f ar gu me n t no t to be s et as i de
,
.
c o nc u r re nt s t imu la ti o n o f m a ny o r g a n s a t t he sa me m om e n t ,
a c ti ve sy s te m .
th e s e c o n d or vo liti ona l b r a n c h o f t he La w o f C o ns er va ti o n
,
an d a s s u m e t ha t with th e p a i n th er e wil
, l be a d ec reas e o f
,
en e r gy ex te n di ng to t he mo ve me n ts th a t ca u s e th e evil an d
, ,
e nj o y m en t bu t th a t w e ha v e r u n u p t o the br is tli n g po i n t o f
,
so me pa i n .
a dj us te d fo r i nc reas i n g it to t he u t m os t We see m to be
pas s iv e ; bu t i n po i n t of fa c t r e pose is the es se n ti al c on diti on
, ,
t he m w e ar e sa tis fie d a n d co n te n te d a nd in a meas ur e
, ,
is wh en t he s tr ength is e x h au s te d V o l u n ta r y pu rs u it im
.
N e x t as to Pa i n We h ave s ee n th at th e p r i mar y an d
, .
o p era ti on of a c u te s m ar t s i n s ti m u l a ti ng e ne r gy h as bee n
, ,
em e n t i n thi s c as e is n ot t h e
o pi ni on i s th a t t he o pe r a ti n g e l
p ai n bu t the r el
, i ef fr o m p a i n whi c h is i n e ffec t pl eas u re , , , .
, ,
al k
l no w what a p ower ful ton ic to the d epress ed s ys te m is the
p ro m ise o f s pe edy r e lie f and tha t in t he ab s enc e o f ho pe ,
, ,
t he ac tiv e en er gi es
.
316 c a owr n or vow x r xa r ‘
r owan
t he pa i n of r es t ra i ne d mo ve meu ts as wh en s po n ta ne ity i s ,
s u c h a ki n d as to e xt r i c a te t he c rea tu re fro m t h e c on fi n ed
a n d t h e su c c es s ful ar e a ga in s i n gl e d o u t and p r o mo te d so ,
o f t h e sa m e c on fi ne d s po t t he r e pea te d co n ne x i o n of t h e
,
a n d a ppr o p r i a te m o v em e n t an d w e s h ou ld ha ve a fu ll -gr o wn
,
t he o th er ti ss u es to p ai n s fro m i nj ur y an d d iseas e
,
Th ese .
c l as s
. We sh all h ere n otice th e ir alli anc e with v ol unta r y
a c ti o n .At the o u ts et o f li fe n o s pec ia l c o nn e x io n e xi s ts be
,
t ra t ion l
, et us s u pp os e a h ur t i n any p a r t o f t he b ody e x ter
a r efl e x s ti mu l u s or u n d er t he e x c iteme n t o f an e moti on al
,
a c q u i r e m en ts i n co n n e x i on with ac u te p a i ns (A ppen d ix C )
.
, .
e n ou gh t o r a i s e us ab o v e th e u nc er ta i n ti es o f t he s p on ta neo us
of t he p ro pe r mov em e n ts any i r r e l e v an t ac c o m p an i m e n ts
mi n d an d so lv es t he di ffi c ulty for e v er
,
.
A c u r i ou s e xa mpl e of a n i nc o m pl e te v oliti on i s s ee n in
o n e o f t h e c h ar ac te r i s ti c m usc u lar p a in s A n a tta c k o f c r am p
.
gat i ng t h e a en c y is as gr ea t a d es id er a tu m as d ra win g up t he
g
,
c r ea tu re h a vi n g on c e go t w at er i n to i t s m ou th fee ls a v er y
o pe ra te s i mme d ia te ly i n s us ta in in g th e a c t, wh a te v er it is ,
an i ma l s t he s y s t e m o f n er v es an d mu sc l es is m ore highly
s po n ta ne o us i m pu l s e s a r e v er y lik e ly t o c om e to w ar ds t he
s uc h i n tense su fle r i ng w ou l d be m ai n ta i n e d an d s pe e dily
'
of th e ir ac q u i s iti on m ay n ot he at al lu n i for m .
ac c i d en ta l i n t h e c omme n c e m e n t a dh er ed to by t he s p u r of
,
i n to h ol es an d s he lte rs a r e por ti o ns o f t he ac q u i re d ex pe r i e nc e
,
o f t he an im a l t r ibes e m pl o yed t o s ta v e o f
, f the m is e r ie s of c old ,
o r r e ta i n t he s a ti s fa c ti on of w a rm th .
o pe r a ti on fro m th e fi rs t h o ur of li fe i f it be a fac t th a t t h e
,
It may be th at t he p ur e ly r efl e x ac ti on wh i c h uph ol ds t h e
fi rs t e ffor ts i s not a me nabl e to the feeli ngs and tha t som e ,
fr om th e c er eb ru m o pe r a te a n d co m e u nder the co nt ro l of a
,
an d r ea d y for i mp r o v em en t . Suc ki ng i s t he on ly po w e r
e x er te d by t he i n fan t to w ar d s i ts ow n n our i s h men t at ,
t he o pe n i ng o f s e n ti en t e x i s te n c e Th e re i s i n t he ac t a
.
, ,
o f t h e n ippl e w ou l d c aus e a flo w o f li q u i d on be i n g p u ll ed
the e x t ra r e s i s ta nc e to be o v e rc o m e —w e re pu r e ly an d wh o lly
,
r e fl ex bo th o n t he fi rs t a ppli ca ti o n o f t h e m ou th to t h e b r eas t
,
x
3 22 G aow r n or vow s r xnr r ow an .
, , ,
s ee fr om a n ea r ly d at e th a t th e c h i ld d oes n o t s u c k mere ly be
as I h a ve al r ea d y d on e man y ti m es o ve r by sa yi ng wh a t s ee ms
, .
If n o m o v em e n t o f t he to ngue a r i s es a t th a t m o me n t as i s ,
N o d ou bt e ver y i n fan t p as s es th r ou gh a n u mb e r o f t h o s e ex
'
i mp uls e ar is e at s u c h a m o me n t to e l e va te the to n gu e s o as ,
for i nd uc i ng th e c on ti nu an ce o f th a t s p ec i a l m o ve me n t As I .
c hild , fo r i n s ta nc e e x ec u te a t t he sa m e ti m e s o m e o th er m o v e
,
a pp ar e n t .H o we v er th is m ay be I c a n n o t h es ita te to s u pp os e
,
pl eas ur e .
c o n c u r r in g ac ti on o f t he ja w a n d to n gu e a t tha t mo m e n t a n d ,
u po n t h e fu ll v o l un ta r y c o n tr o l o f th e mas ti ca ti n g o rga n s ; as
in g of t he li nk o f as s oc ia ti on afte r re pe titi o n a n d th e fu ll ,
i n the s am e w ay as r e li s h es a n d d i s gu s ts I n a dd ition to t h e
.
a l a te r p er i od t h e mo r e d iffi c u lt a c t o f th r o wi ng an il l
-tas ti n g
w r y mo u th h o ld th e mor s el s u s pe n d ed pe r h a ps l et it fle w o u t
,
i
cat o n , whi c h has not yet r eac h e d th a t po int The ac t o f .
r a ng em en t o f t he m ou th an d to n g ue c ou pl e d wi th a p r o p a l
,
o ur c a r ee r .
7 The
. tion s of Smell con tr ib u te th e ir qu ota to t he
se n s a
r es o ur c e of t r ia l a nd e rr or ; on e m o v e m en t n ot s uc cee d in g i s
na m e ly h u d dl in g the li mbs a n d bo dy c l o se
,
a ni m a l w e a pply e x te r n a l p a i n so l on g as a w ro ng mo ve me n t
,
o f i ts d r iv er ; al ltha t i s p r ese n t to i ts m i n d i s a se r i es o f ac u te
s mar ts a nd i ts o w n ac tiv e e n e r gi es for t h e ti m e b ei ng
, The .
cour s e r a ther th an i n a no th er t he tr a i n i n g of a y ou n g h or s e
,
or a do
g w ou ld be an im pr ac tibil i ty The a n im al wo u ld go on .
c o ur s e.
a t t he m om en t o f bir th A c er ta in amoun t of v ol u n ta r y
.
c r y ing an d gr i ef Th is h o we ve r i s a v er y di ffi c u lt thi ng t o
. , ,
w e m us t n o t r ec k on it a m ong t he fi rs t or m os t el e m en tar y .
c u i ng o f t h e b r i d l e i n t h e m ou th Th e a ppli ca ti on o f th ese
.
s uf fe r i ng t h e a n i ma l c onn ec ts i n i ts m i n d ce rt a i n m o v em en ts
,
r epea te d th e d es i r e d ac ti on e m e r gin g at l as t an d as i n th e
, , ,
a lw ays eas y t o fa l lb ac k u p o n t he p r i m it i v e fo rc e o f na t u r e ,
fr o m an d a r i ght on e as s u m ed
, In the gr ea te s t ma tur ity o f
.
o f fo ll o wi ng a movi n
g obj ec t e x i s ts d ur i ng t he fi rs t w ee ks o f
i n fa nc y ; but the c ond itions ar e fa vou ra bl e to t he s pee dy
ac qu i s iti on o f it Bo th t he r o ta ti on o f the h ead a nd t h e r oll
. ,
see m v e r y fr eq u e n t in t he r o u n ds o f t he c e re b ra l di sc h a r ge .
c l en c h es t he o n e th a t is a pp ro p r i ate H e n ce a fu ll-fo r me d
.
agr e ea bl e s en sa tio n
,
Pr oba bly the d efec tive p a r t o f the cas e
.
t o be ma t ur ed The in fe r i or a n i m als h a ve i n th is i n s ta nc e
.
, ,
wh i c h gives th em a n i nd e p en d en t m eas u r e of di s ta nc e to
co mpa r e with t he vi sua l c h an ges o f t he im ages i n t he eye .
B ut as i n al
, lc as es the gr ea t u se o f adj u s tm e n t i s to give the
sa me dis ti nc t n e ss o f for m th r o u gh v ar yi n g di s ta n c e s ther e i s ,
no thi ng p ro pe r ly to ca ll it i n to pl a y u n ti l c h a ra c te r is ti c for m
,
r es ti n g obj ec ts o f t he r oo m w hen w e s h ou l d s ay th a t n o e f
, for t
o f w il l h ad bee n e xer te d ; t h e fac t be i n g tha t v o lition i n i ts ,
ma c hi n er y be c o m es so fa r the r ule as t o be c on s i de re d th e
,
t he s e n s es to ill , us tr a te t he ea r ly ma r c h of o ur v o l u n tar y
n ee d p ro pe r ly s pea ki ng to p u t for th an y e f
, for t to sa ti s fy t his
.
whic h soon and eas ily bec omes c onn ecte d with it Se lf
, , .
336 c nowr n o r v e ntricu lar r ow a n .
a r e em en
g t does a ttes t the t r ue caus e ; an d wh en a n obj ec t
,
a d h es iv e l i n k i n the m i n d be t w ee n t he t w o Thu s t o ta k e
.
,
a re d e te r m i ne d i n t h e di re c ti on o f t h e s e v ar i ou s obj ec ts The .
t h e gr ea t p r i mar y a i m s o f r e ta in i ng pl eas u r e a n d w a r d i ng o fl
'
The o pe n i ng o f t he m ou th to r ec e iv e t he m or s e l is an a c t o f
t he i n te r me di a te c h a r a c te r i m plyi ng a s t ep o f ass oc i ati on
,
ac ti on r e mo te in i ts i n fl u en ce is th e m ac hin e r y m a d e u s e o f
, .
sus ta i n i n g wh a t e v er mo v e m en ts fa vo u r it It is s o to s peak .
, ,
t he m o u th is s us ta in e d by t he s a m e i n w a r d po we r th a t k ee ps
u p t he p r oc es s of s u c ki n g o r mas ti ca ti n g u n d e r the im m e d i a te
, ,
se n s e o f pl eas u r e .
16 The ill u s tra tion fro m the as s oc ia tes of foo d is for c ibly
.
a nd a s p ec ts o f e x te r n althi ngs as se en by t he e e ; wh i c h is
y
o n e p ar t o f th e ed u c ati on of e v er y an im al an d w h en a ccom ,
Y
3 38 c aowr n or ve t m aar ro w an
i n t he o ne cas e t he ac ti on is k e pt u p i n t he o th er it d i es ,
o n c e i n to th e c ar ee r of fo r w a r d l oc o mo ti on whi c h m os t cer ,
ta i nl y it w ou ld n ot d o u n til a ft er a due c ou r se o f c h an ce
c o i n c i denc es fi r mly h eld by t he v o li ti o na l pi nce rs an d m ad e
, ,
s u cc ess s h o w s t he p r in c ipl e i n i ts l
, ivi ng effi ca c y .
340 oaowr n or vow um av r ow an .
s t i n c t tha t s us ta i ns an d r ep r o d uc es wh a t c hi m es in with a
, ,
a r e so m u c h t he mo re op en to an e x ten s i o n of t h e s am e
pro
c es s. Ev e r y a c tive o r ga n go es on i n thi s w ay e nl ar gi ng i ts
bo n ds o f a ttac h m ent to s ta tes of p a i n or pl eas u r e s o as to ,
; an d t he e du ca ti on o f t he w i ll w o u ld then
be p r a c ti c a lly c om pl e te B u t i n h uman be i ngs es p ec i a lly
.
, ,
, .
Th e h ar s h a br u pt an d s t u nn ing s ou n ds o f th e h u m an v o i c e
, ,
to d e vi a te r ight or l eft to qu i c k en or s l ac k en i ts p ac e at t he
, ,
’
ins ta n ce o f the r ider s lan guage of co mmand I n itia te d i n .
c o nn e x io ns be twee n la n gu age an d m o ve me n ts ca n be es ta
frequ enc y o f co n c
i iden c e a pr o pe r ty bel onging i n var ious
,
e n d ea v ou r to p r o vo k e i ts c on ti nuan c e Th us if w e sought to
.
,
as e x ec u te d by a n othe r pe rs on an d an i m pu l se to mo v e t he
,
des cr ibe d above is the one i nvar ia bly fo ll o wed Spo n ta neous
-
.
s u bj ec ti on to t he l angua ge o f c om man d, is m a d e u se o f t o
u tte r w a n t o f a s pec ifi c co nn e x i on be tw ee n s ou n ds h ea r d an d
,
s t ream o f n er v o us po we r fl o wi ng i n t ha t di r ec ti on m ay be
k ept u p, an d a ce r ta i n ad va n ce ma de in as soc i a ti ng it wi th
t he a u d ible effec t Tw o o r three favourabl e acc ide n ts o f thi s
.
so un d s a s b ah ra h n ah ar i s in g o u t of eas y s itua ti o ns o f t he
, , ,
The e po c h o f th e ir
'
r eces s es of t h e c hild s o w n c ons c i ous n es s .
sar il y th e b es t fo r t he p ur pose in vi ew ; bu t e v e r y n ew
ad vance m us t n ee ds re pose u po n t he sa me o ri gin alp r i nc ipl e ,
a n d v o i ce w as u tter ly vo id It i s so me th in g to h ave ga i n ed
.
a fe w th r ea d s o f u ni on b e twee n th e t w o r egi on s A r o ad to .
t he s ti m u l a ti on of th e v o i c e is th us es ta bli s h e d an d it becom es ,
gr ea ter r ead in ess and with l ess w aiting u pon for tui to u s s pon
,
tin n ing the obse r v atio n s o ver the who l e a lph abe t o f soun ds ,
’
a pp ar e n t to t h e eye th a t a fter a fe w m on th s d e v el
,
o p m en t of
go t r i d of If w e can b r i ng to hear o n e o r o th er o f th os e
.
s tro n g as t o be a n ac tive s pu r t o i ts o w n e xe r ti on s ; a n d i f
th e t
na ure of the cas e or th e s te p s o f the ac qui r e men t
, We .
ta in i ng n ex us o f v o litio n j us t as w e mu s t k ee p up t he s trea m
,
s t it u ti on s t her e i s a to o g rea t p ro n e n e s s t o e x c es s es o f t he
s o m uc h i n p re p ar in g fo r v eh em en t e x er ti ons as i n givi ng a ,
fe re n ce s
. J u s t as in t he o r gan iza ti on of th e se nse s de li c ac y
, .
e xam pl es of t he e m pl oym en t of an ar ti fi c ia l m e d i um of gu id
e v en i n to a me lodiou s c ad en c e ; t h e on ly t hi n g wan te d is
un d e r t he sti mu l us o f p a i n or o f e x p ec te d pl eas ur e th e m o ve
, ,
an te c e de n t . Wh a t w as a n en ti re bl an k at t he Open i ng of the
ac tiv e c ar ee r i s now s u ppli ed c h an ne l s o f co mm u ni ca ti on s
th er e for e n ot be s u pe r flu o us Th er e is i n it a n e l eme n t of
, .
o f t he m o v em e n ts o f al lthe or ga ns in e v er y d ire c ti on e x te n t , ,
o f a n ac tion t he in tel
, l ec t ua l lin k i s not s uffi c ie n t fo r cau s ing
t h e d ee d to a r ise a t the hec k of the idea (e x c e pt in c as e of a n
‘
idée j u s t as i n i mita tion w e do not n ec es s ar ily fall
, ,
an ac ti o n th a t w e c l ear ly c o n ce ive t h e ca us a ti o n i s th en co m
,
e x is tin g
.
m o tive e l e me nt m us t be p r es e n t ; s om e pleas ur e or pa i n m us t
h av e po sses s io n o f t he a ni ma l ur gin g a mo v em en t i n cor r e
,
thr oug h the same ex per i ence an d the an i mal r etrea ts The
, .
z
354 (m om or V OLUNT ARY r owan .
c e m en t e d .
at one .
,
o r too m u c h bu t ha vi n g in vi ew th e e nd co nti nu es to
, ,
s ta te of id ea as w e ll as ac tu a l
. B u t it i s a p r oper ty of our
.
d e light or s u fle r i ng : co ns eq u e n tly o ur v ol un ta r y i mp u ls es
,
, ,th e
w i ll ca nn o t be s tim u l a ted Th ro ugh all the di sg u i s es th a t
.
e v e r y genu i n e v ol un ta r y i m p u l s e , so m e o n e v ar i ety o f t he
m an y fo r m s wh er e i n p a i n or pl eas u re ta k es possess i on of th e
c on sc i o us m in d N or is th ere any i n te r medi ate m ac hi ner y
.
r m s ua s m r am O PERATIN G in mm . 357
w e i n te r po l a te a n u m b er o f i m p u l s es h a vi n g v ar i ous n a m es
a n d l ead s to an as pe c t o f t he p r o bl e m d e m a n d i n g s e p ara t e
c o n s i der a ti o n N O phys i ca l l
. a w is m o r e s u re a n d d e c id e d i n
i ts Op e r atio n th a n th e c h ec k e d mo v em e n t i n s pi r e d by s u dde n
ag o n y N o c o ns i de ra ti o n n o i n te r ve n ti o n o f t he me no
’
.
, ,
n a tiv e a n d fi r ml y
-r oo te d p ro m pti n g i s t h e o th e r m ac hi ner y ,
t h e po w er o f i mita ti o n i m pli es n am e ly th e li n ki n g o f a s o un d
, ,
o ur o p er a ti ons w e for m c o n n e x i o ns in o u r m i n d b e tw ee n
,
t h e v ar i ou s ph as es o f an op er a ti o n an d th e l a ngu a ge o f d ir c e
ti on a pp ro ba ti o n o r d i sa ppr ob ati on W ith ou t h a vi n g b e for e
, , .
m ere ly on t he l e a d o f so me o bj ec t th a t it re fe rs to We call .
a w or k w e ll or ill d on e w e giv e or de r s as k qu e s ti o n s , i m pa r t
, ,
o f v ol u n tar y ac q u i s iti on i s ad v a n c i ng d ur i ng th e wh o l e o f
F E E LI N G S A N D fi r m wa r e
'
o o n r a o r. o r
c om pl e tes t he ed u ca ti on o f t he will a n d w e s ee m th en co m
,
to pl ay o n th e G er man fl u te bu t m y m ou th my c h es t an d
, , ,
t he po w er with ou t go i ng th r ou gh th e ful
,
l i n iti al pr oc ess of
wo r ki n g my o w n w ay by tr i als a n d fa ilu res No t th a t w e can
.
ac ti on an d li m it t he r a n ge o f te n ta tiv es or gr op in gs
, The as
.
c e r ta in to e ns u e . B u t v ar i ous c i r c u ms ta nces m ay o c c u r to
di sappo i n t th is e x p ec ta ti on . The phys i ca l fra m ewor k m ay be
too mu c h e x h au s te d to make t he e f fo r t Th e or gans m ay be
.
V OLUNTARY c om e r. r m rr rzn r o m ean s 36 1
a r iv al po w er is se t u p i n th e m in d itse l f A ll th ese c as es .
e x er c is e o v er ou r i n te ll ec tu al t r a i ns .
2 . It is a fa c t too c ommon t o be
qu es ti on ed th a t w e c a n ,
r es tr a i n an d r egu l a t e th e c ou rs e of ou r fee li n gs i n m a n y w ay s .
, ,
st im u l a ti o n o f t he m u s c l es so as to p u t on a ca lm ex ter i o r
,
c an al an d th os e fu rt h e r e f
, fec ts u p on t he s ec r e ti on s a n d e x c re
tio ns t he opera ti on of the will i s n o t s o c lear I n fa c t the
, .
,
po wer o u t of t he c i r c l e o f t he r ec o gn i s e d v ol u n ta r y m u s c l es .
s ti mu l a te or c h ec k th e m b m ea ns o f th ose Th u s t he e vac ua
y .
, ,
no ,
t he r an ge o f v o l un tar y c o n tr o l is e x te n de d a c on s id er a bl e w ay
be yon d i ts or igi na l s ph ere and yet with o u t dis par a ge me n t to
,
s ta te o f t ra nc e an d a ll o w th e ms e lv es to be b u r i ed i n th e ear th
,
m o de o f d ire c ti ng the v o l u n ta r y or ga n s .
e x c l a m a tio n s th e ges ti c ul
,
a ti on o f th e ar ms &c c o m e un d er
, .
,
i n al li ts p r i s ti n e se v er ity I wi ll n ot u n d e r ta k e t o s ay ho w
.
n a tu ra l l a n guag e s u g es te d by t he p r iv a tio n an d so a t l as t
g
,
o wn p r op er i n s t ru me n ts t he v ol u n ta r y m u s c l es r eac hes t h e
, ,
c an s il e n c e t he c o nsc i ou s s ta te ma i n t a i n ed by it A r es ol u te
.
d e te r m i na ti on th a t is t o say, a po w er fu l m otiv e i m p ul
, s e, may
is l ost by t he p o w e r ac tu ally e x p en d ed .
r es u lt pa r tly o f an o r igi na l te n d e n c y to dr a w ou t t he n er v e
ar e s om e ti m es abl e t o as s u m e a c h ee r ful to n e of m i n d by
fo rc i ng a hil ar io us e xp re ss i on A fe w p ag es la te r , I s ha ll h a v e
.
e x te n t o f t he in te r fe re n c e o f t he wi l
l i n s ub mer gi ng or e vo ki n g
,
o f gro w th o f th is d e p a rt men t o f v o l un ta r y po w er W er e w e to
.
Or we may d el ay it til
un li nk s h a ve b een es tablis h ed
a fe w ,
’
or
‘
h us h or h o ld you r tongue this im plies tha t the w ay
,
’
,
an d t he m o ve m en t i n tend e d ; wh e n t he c hi ld so t o s pea k ,
,
has no k no wled ge o f wh a t w e re qu i re ; i n o th e r wor ds wh en ,
a n d en er ge ti c m o ve m en ts bu t it ma y be l ong er a t he fit
,
o th e rs as a l as t r es o u rc e .
co n t ro l , a n d i s ca rr ied o n th ro u gh t he m ed i u m o f t he v a r i ous
s p as ms ex te n d i ng t o p a r ts th a t a r e n o t un d e r t he go ver n m e nt
de te r m i na tio n o f a v ol un ta r y ki n d o ve r bea r s a no th er of t he
sa me ki n d as wh e n a ma n a vo i d s l u x ur i ou s livi n g for t he sa k e
,
of the t w o gr ea t d e pa r t m e n ts of m i n d i n th e i r to ta lity If w e .
2 A
3 70 c ow or or r es u me AN D m ouc nr s .
s am e pl e as u r e t he o n e th a t s u c c ee de d i n th e w o r k o f c o n t ro l
,
wh en t he o th er fa iled w ou l d be sa i d to h a ve t he h ighe r
,
is s ho wn t o flo w to w ar ds t h e r egi o n of wil l in t he c as e s up
pos e d The feebl e will is on e th a t nee ds to be wo r ked u pon
.
by a m or e po we r fu l m otive ; a gr ea te r se v er ity o f p a in or a ,
i n sc h oo l s as w e ll as o ver m an ki n d a t la r ge
, Th ere is no .
degr ee If a ny o ne m o v ed to i nt e n s e s o r ro w , can p u t on t he
.
ho w fa r this te s t m ay be i mp ro v ed by i nc l ud in g th e co m man d
o f t he th ou ghts I ns tea d o f d ivi d i ng v olition ag a i ns t its e l f as
.
,
e v en t o a r e m o te o r i d ea l d a n ge r ; w e wi n c e u n d e r d i sa gr eea bl e
o f p as t i nc i d e n ts o f a di s tr e s s i n g ki nd The e xp r es s i ve ges .
us . Loo ki ng u p to the r o o f is a v a r i e ty o f t he s am e at te m pt
to e v a de a d i sa gr eea ble obj ec t The ges t u r e o f l o a th i ng i s
.
To t ur n a bo u t res tl es s ly fro m o n e s i d e to a n o th er to ge t u p ,
an d w a lk t o a n d fr o a lth ou gh t o a s p ec ta to r e xp r e s s ive of
,
m e n t a l st r u g le —a r e s till o f t he n a tu re o f v o l u n ta r y ac ts
g .
.
a n a ttit u de o f mo u th an d n os e c a l c u l a te d to c lo se t he i ng res s
a m i x t u re o f t he e x p res s i on o f di s c om fo rt an d o f t h e ac ti on s ,
o f c hil d r en u n d e r c o n s t ra i n t s h o w s t he e x p r es s i o n o f pa i n a n d ,
a v a r i e ty o f m o v e m en ts for v en ti n g t he s ur pl us e ne r gy with i n
C O MM AN D OF THE T HO U G H TS .
a l r ea dy i n t ro d u c e d u n d e r t he La w o f C o m p ou n d A s s o c i a ti o n
n a me ly t he i ns t r u m e n ta l
,
ity of t he w ill i n t he c u r re n t
o f th o u gh ts o r i de as It i s a fa c t that by a v o l u n ta r y e ndea
.
,
a m en ag ed i n one p ur s u it I fin d it po ss ibl e t o k ee p o ut i r r e
g
,
FI XIN G m s ar r es r r ox . 373
a n d l ess th an o th e rs I re fe r to a b ook o n a pa r ti c u l a r s u bj ec t
—look u p t he ta bl e o f c on te nts o r i nde x ; this s ta r ts m e o ff
.
pu r po s e or e nd a t t he ti me .
alth o u gh ge n u i n e a n d d ec i de d is s till o n ly i n d i re c t
,
W hat .
a d eq u a te mo tive o bs e r ve o n e p o i n t i n th e s c e ne be for e u s a n d
, ,
n egl ec t e v e rythi ng e l s e ; as w e c an s in gl e o u t on e so u n d a n d
be d ea f to t h e ge ne ra l h u m ; as w e ca n a pply o ur s e lv e s to t he
app r ec ia ti o n o f o ne fla v our i n t he m i ds t o f ma ny ; o r be a w a re
o f a p r e s su re on a p a r ti c u l a r p ar t of t h e bo d y t o t he n egl ec t
in t he vi e w , wh i l e o th e r s a re c o mi ng a n d go i n g u nh e ed e d .
On t he s u pp o s iti on th a t t he i n fl ue n c e o f t he will i s li m i te d
,
th a t t he r e te n ti on o f an id ea i n t he m i n d i s o p era ted by vo l un
s to ppi ng s h o r t o f t he ac t u a l m o ve me n t p er fo r m ed by th e
o f th e s a me na tu r e with t he p ow e r of v o l u n ta r y a tte n ti o n
a v er s e to c o n c en tr a ti on m ay r e qu i re a p re tty s h a r p g oa d , an d
,
c i s es a n d i n t he var i o u s i n te ll ec t u al p ro fe s s i ons i s so m a tu re d
,
r i s on w ou ld i mply littl e Co u ld w e s u pp o s e a n i ns ta n c e o f
.
s t ro n g i n t h e e l e me n ts o f m e n ta l r e p r od u c ti o n an d a Will , ,
.8 I n t he i n te llec t ua l p ro c es s te r me d i n my fo r mer
, ,
on ly a n e x e rc i se o f the will m ov e d by s o m e e n d t o be
a tta i ne d
. W he n I wi s h to pu t together a s en tenc e of l a nguage ,
k no wn for m a nd s tr ik e ou t or pu t in wor d s a l s o k no wn
, , , , ,
o th e r
, k eeps my fac u lti es a t w or k tr yi n g an d er r i ng ; a nd
,
ef fe c t
. The high er c o ns tru c ti ons of t he i n te ll ec t ua l i n ge
u n ity e x hibit i n t he fu ll -gr o w n i n d ivi d u al n ea r ly t he s itua ti on
, ,
of t he i n fa n t b e gi nn er fo r i n t h em th er e i s n o es tabli s h e d
,
c h an ne l l e a di ng t o t he m o v e m e n ts d e ma n d e d a n d a s er i es o f ,
t he t ru e th i n g o c c ur t h e p r i mor d ia l i ns ti nc t o f ou r na t ure
,
r is i ng to vi e w h is se ns e o f t he p re c i se thi ng t o be do ne w as
th e c o ns ta n t to u c h s to ne o f e v e r y c on t r iv a nc e o c c u r r i ng to
hi m a n d al
, l t he s u cc ess ive s ugges tio ns w ere a r r es te d o r ,
re p e ll e d as th e y ca m e n ea r t o
, o r d i s a re e d with , this g
,
d ra w i t wh en sa ti s fi e d o r th a t m a de him r o ll a s uga r y m o rs e l
,
or ign o r i ng wh a t i s s ee n no t to a n s we r o u r p r es e n t w an ts i s
, ,
'
ou r i n fa nt s t ru ggl es fo r n ou r i s h m e n t a nd w a r m th o r t h e , ,
r i dd a n ce of a c u te pa in an d p r e s idi ng o ve r t he l as t e n d ea v o u rs
,
r e p u d i a ti ng on t he o th e r , wh a t i s fe lt t o be c l ear ly s u ita bl e .
c o ns i d e r a ti o ns h a pp e n i n g to k ee p it u
p i n s pite o f t he v o li
ti on a ls tr o k e o f r e p u d i a ti o n bu t t he ge n u i ne te n denc y o f
,
fas t. I n al l th es e n e w co ns t r u c tio ns be th e y m ec ha n i ca l , ,
th r ough allthe
v ar ie ties o f c r ea tive effo r t, de ta il e d u n der the
l a w o f c on s t r uc tive assoc i a ti on but I s h ou ld o n ly h a ve to ,
r e pea t t he sa me o bs er v a t io n a t e v er y tu r n .
o u r v ar i o u s e moti ons a re w on t to s p r i ng u
p on so m e d e fi n ite
oc cas i o n o r on t h e oc c u r re nce o f so m e d i s ti nc t obj ec t, o r
c a us e —
,
e x te n t a bl e to b r i ng o u t t he pl a y of th ose pas s i o ns b
y d i r ec t
i ng the m i n d u po n th e i r o bj e ts o r ca u ses We c a n w or k c
, .
o f the will , se l ec ti n g o u t o f t he c u rr e n t of i n te ll e c tu a l r e p ro
,
u s w e s u cc ee d i n w ar m i n g u p t he gl o w o f i n dig na ti on
, .
b e i ng So w e c a n do so me th i ng to t ur n as ide a gu s h o f fee l
.
e x c iti n g c ause
,
a n d s till mor e e f fe c t ua lly by for c i ng the
tho ught s i n to t he o ppo s ite c h an n el as wh e n w e s il e n c e a q u e ,
r ul ou s fit by c o e rc i ng th e m i n d in o the ac t o f c ons i d e r i ng
t
n .
w ro n g bi s or d i pos i ti on i s w ha t he ca lls
a s the exp uls ive po w er of a new affec
ti n Thi s is a mu h eas ier cas e than the one su pp sed i n the te t ; on e m o
o .
’
c o x
11 Whil e
. pea ki ng of th e a bility to s u mmon or e x pe l
s
r e mi n d e d o f th e c on t ra r y te n d e n c y na me ly t he fac t for me r ly , ,
t he t w o r e ma i n i ng fo rc es o f o ur n at u r e l ea gu e d aga i n s t u s ;
w e h a v e to res i s t the c u rr e n ts o fass oc i a ti on or i n te ll ec t p ro pe r ,
an d t he fur y o f e x c ite d fe e li ng a t t he sa me ti me Bu t an .
.
, ,
Some a c u te pa i n to be w ar d ed ofl w ou l d
‘
vol un tar y ac ts .
e x a lta ti o n o r pl o t -i n te r es t
, pos s esses t he m i n d ? Is it not
,
th a t w e c l ea v e to wh a te ver s u s ta i ns th e c ha r m o f t he m om e nt
(whi c h is n o th i n g e l se than vo liti on ) and s h r i n k fr o m w ha te v e r
wou l d i n te r ru pt o r do a w ay with it ? C lear ly wh e n an ,
e v er e ve r y mod e o f e x c ite m en t th a t ca n be d es c r i be d s o
,
We .
p as s io n of fear i s a n in s ta nc e i n po i n t H a ppy wo u ld it be .
a cco rd i ng to t he m eas u re o f a g en u i n e es ti m a te o f p a i n o r
c on t r o l o ver ac ti on a nd th o u ght It is c er ta i n ly n ot fr o m a
.
. o ,
of i d eas an d th o u hts —
, ,
ca us es o f t he w i ll The w ay th a t it oc c u pies th e m i nd an d
.
,
ca n liv e i n t he c on s c i ou s ne ss s o to s p ea k bu t wh a t ta k es on
, ,
a r e k e p t e n ti re ly ou t of vi e w W ith r egar d to th os e t w o
.
w e a r e c om p e ll ed t o re ta i n a n d to e x c l u de fr o m t h e vi e w
i deas a nd fa c ts with ou t a ny r e fer enc e to t he s u ppr ess io n o f
,
s u re -gi vi n g v e i n s of e x c itemen t ; bu t wh en v er y m u c h r ou s e d ,
tha t emotio n p r o per has all tha t po wer o ver the a tte n
ti on an d t he tr a i ns of th ou ght th a t i s i mpli ed i n the
s w a y th a t it ex e r c is es o v er o ur co n vi c ti on s 1 We ma y
r ea liz e d i n t h e p as s i o n o f w on d er We may be u n d e r a fit o f .
OF M O T IVES , OR EN DS .
an d i n d e ta il t he v a r i o u s m o tives o pe ra ti ng i n vo l
, iti on .
an ti c ip a ti o n bas e d o n p as t e xp e r i e nce
, M oreo ve r w e w or k
.
,
2 I f the
. enu m era ti on th a t I h a v e given of o ur vari ou s
feel i n gs w ere th o roughly c o mpl ete w e s h ou ld n ow h a v e ,
tions b r ought for war d i n the fi rs t divis ion of the ex pos iti on o f
m i n d o r u nd er t h e E mo ti on s i n t he p r es en t v ol u m e w e s h ou l d
, , ,
po i n ts an d t he c h er i s hi ng r e ta in i ng, a nd r e pr od uc in g th e
, ,
regi on s p r in gs a to l e ra bl e bo dy o f e nj o ym en t to be c h e r i s h ed
fr om s ta r va ti on h u n ge r thi rs t c o ld an d s u ffoc a ti on u s u r p s a
, , , , ,
of pl e as ur e i s m a te r ia lly t r e n c h e d u p o n by th e am ou n t o f to i l
to be giv en to t he w ar d i n g o f f o f or ga n i c su ffe r in g a n d d i s ea se ,
2 B
3 86 o n n or m as , on arms .
go ou t of ou r w ay to k ee p a t a di s ta n ce ba d O dou rs whil e w e ,
s u r e s whi c h o n e is d i s p os e d to us e m ea n s for r ea pi ng in a bu n
,
g S .
c en c y a pp r o ba ti on a nd p r a i se an d t he s en ti m en t o f Po w e r
, , ,
a n d s u p e r ior ity a r e o bj ec ts of i n te ns e r el
, is h pr o m ptin g the ,
th a t h um an na tu re is c a pabl e o f th er e b e in g a c or r es po n d in g ,
r i c u c e so as a t l as t to l
, e t it fa d e fro m o u r r e ga r d s Shu tti ng .
the ac ti on s Th e o l
. d ar e m or e pr u d en t t han t h e yo u ng in
th e a vo i da nc e o f e vil c o n s equ e nces He th a t has ha d twen ty
a tta c k s o f a m a l a dy i s far m o re e ne r ge ti c a lly on h is gu a r d
o u r a c ti o ns a r e ma d e t o c o r r e s p on d m or e and m or e with ou r
.
, ,
t he full c as e i f w e s to p pe d s h or t a t thi s c i rc u m s ta n c e It .
c u ss i e n o f t he i n te ll ec t u p o n th e gr ea t v ar i e ty o f i n d ivid u a l
,
i n a fo ur th t he r e te nti o n o f s c i e nt ifi c s y mbol s a nd
’
ness ,
r ea s o n i n gs an d s o on
, N o w I h a ve little d ou bt th at th e
.
,
as a ge nera l t e na c ity fo r e x pe r i e n c e d p a i n s a n d pl ea s u r es a t
an es ti ma te o f t h e t hi n gs th a t a f fe c t u s t ru e to t he r ea lity i s
, ,
c o n s tit u ti on s a r e k ee n ly a liv e to o r ga n i c p a i n s , — n er vo us
ea c h p e rso n s ha ll c ar r y a w a y p r ec i s ely th a t d e r ee o f p er m a g
t he s ec a emo
p i l tions ma y h av e a pr ed ominan t h old of the i n te l
l ec t an d k ee p u p a p er s is te n t motive po we r ; for e xam pl e te n der
, ,
i nj ur i ou s exc es s es an d r e du c e th e i r s ca l e o f li fe to s afe li mi ts
, .
r e ta ine d th an th e oth er C e r ta i n it i s th a t to k ee p u p th e
.
,
an d one th a t l oo ks a lw ays t o t h e s i de o f e nj o ym en t ca n be ,
0 In this '
y I do n ot r efer ex cl us ively to th e realis in g of the
ac t o f m e mor ,
but I r eme mber a l lthe la bo ur an d effo rt s in duc ed for the a mel ior ation of the
-
suffer in g an d th e r eco ver y fi o m th e inj ur y ; w h i ch is q u ite en ough for
, p utti n g
m e on m y gu ar d for t he futur e A n other per son may for get both the pa in
.
.
q u en c es a nd s tr iv e to c o mp as s with al
,
l our ener gy Eac h .
o bj ec ts o f ai n r em o v ed an d pl ea s u re ga i n e d Bes ides t ho s e
p ,
.
am ou n t o f t he ag r ee abl es o f t h e h u m an c o n s c i o us n es s Pr o .
c orr es pon d to a n ac c u r a te es ti ma te g a i n ed fr o m p as t e x p e
r i en c e or from c o m pe t en t i n fo r ma ti on of t he e xa c t a m ou n t o f
, ,
s te pp ing-s to n es to th es e or o th er e n ds Suc h w o u l d u n d ou bt
.
a l r ea dy s ee n th a t a v er y l ar g e i n te r v e n ti on o f t h e d ep a r t me n t
p u rc h as e a n e w s u sc eptibility is de ve lo pe d , th er e be i n g so me
,
c e r ta in ty c on fer r e d u po n al l o ur o pe ra ti ons of ga in an d e x
p e n d it u re The s i m plifi ca ti on o f on e s la bou rs is a n o ta bl e
’
.
e nds a r e o f th e highes t v al
, ue It s o h a ppens th at man y p er
.
w e s h ou l d n e v er en t er u po n it e x ce pt a s an a i d to p ro du c tiv e
,
’
on vir t u e s s ide bu t s till i n dica tiv e o f an u n d ue atta c h ment
,
t o wh a t is o n ly o f the na tu r e of mea ns ‘ .
6 I m u s t n ot p as s fro m t h is to pi c w ith o u t no ti c i ng th at
.
i ng a vi ol en t h u r t w e b r i ng u p befo r e us th e pl ac e ti me a n d
, , ,
a r e n ot s o r ec ov er a bl e as t h e i m ager y o f th e ou te r w or ld We .
c an r e m emb e r t he s c e n es th a t h a v e p as s ed b e fo r e ou r e yes
'
d u r i ng a d ay s j our n ey mu c h m or e eas ily th an w e c a n r e po ss ess
,
an e l e v a ted pl ac e an d in fe r s o to s p e ak t h e e mo tions of t he
, , ,
s , ra r
I t has o ften bee n ma inta ined an d is pr obably the r ec eived o pin ion that
, ,
tous i mport a ce n .
mm s s rom m s
. 397
ai ms p o i n ti n g to w ar d s t he u n t r i ed w e e ith er o v ers ta te o r u n
,
ti on .
a ny c o nn e x i on be tw ee n pl eas u r e e nj oy ed or p a i n a v er te d a n d , ,
u s a l m o s t u n m itiga te d p ain a n d ye t w e ar e u na bl e t o k e e p
,
l ec tu a l in the fi rs t i ns ta n ce an d th en c e e x te n ds itse l f to ac ti on
. .
s i o n of u s w e a re u n abl e to di s m i ss it ; wh e n ce by p ers i s ti n g
i n th e vi e w a n d e x c l u d i n g o th e r th i ng s it m ay a t l as t find i ts
, ,
w ay i n to e x ec u ti on thr ou gh th a t po we r w he re by e v e r y c on
,
o w n pe rs on I n t he m es me r i c e x pe r i m ents o f M r B ra i d
. .
,
se ns es a n d the in te ll ec tu a l t ra i n s a t th e sa me ti m e co n fi n i ng
,
t h e ra nge o f th e ir o p er a ti on t o t h e o n e s u bj ec t th a t caus e d
the a la r m H en c e t he s t ro n g i n fl uenc e o n be li ef th ro ugh
.
,
u n e xc i te d u ni mpas s io ne d ra ti o na l j us tly ca l c ul
, , a te d op era ti on of
,
t he wi ll .
ti on o f ta ble -ta m in g H e remar ked tha t cert a in cons titu ti ons w er e especia lly
.
q u ite a par t fr om the will and ther efor e w ith no consc ious ness of vo luntary
,
ex er t ion.
400 or u or rvs s , on ENDS .
G rea t a n d v al ua bl e m ay be t he c o nt r ib u ti o n a r i s i ng t o ou r
h a ppin e ss fr o m s uc h a ca us e bu t t h e p u r s u it th a t i s k ept ,
c i r c l e o f e mo ti on s Se xu ality i s a s t r ikin g i ns ta n c e pe r
.
,
c i rc u m s ta n c e t h at th e e x t r e m e d e v e l o p m e n t o f th i s c h a rac te r
th e e ffec t o f w h i c h i s to ma gn i fy al l th a t i s r e la te d to it ,
r ee te r ,
th ey ha ve bee n m ar vellous ly ac c or d an t i n p r ai s e of
a r ul in g pas s i on w ell pl ac ed N ow it is im po s s ible to gai nsay
.
,
s pe c i a l e n d an d s et a t n o u ght e ve r y o th er i n c om p a r i s on the
, ,
a D a n i e l O C o n n el l o r o th er im p as s i on ed a dv oc a te o f a ca u se;
’
,
r e m or se l ess ’ .
s ur e o f t he u nd u e e xal ta ti on of t he s y s tem in fa v o ur o f t h e
o bj ec t . Ver y o f en
t th ese e xt r eme an ti pathi es ar e di rec te d i n
the defe nc e o f wh a t gives no ex t r ao r din ar y s ensa tion o f d eli ght ,
J e wis h a n d M a h om eta n m i n ds to t he p ig i s a c as e i n po in t .
So mu c h fo r th e co n s i d e r ati on of En ds o r Mo tive s u n d er , ,
, a c t o n t he v o li tion
, ,
s itio u .
w e ta k e fr om m o m to n ight i s bias s ed o r d i r ec te d by s om e
as w e ll as o p e ra te in t he ac tu al i m p r es s i on .
C HA PT E R VI .
W HE N tw o s t a te s of feeli ng c om e togeth er i f th ey ar e
"
s u m to ta l—
,
of th e sa m e n a t u r e, w e h a v e a as wh en
, ,
s h ou l d s ay th a t th e l a n d s c a pe ga ve m or e d elight th an t he
r o m an c e—a fa i r a n d u s ua l m o d e o f es ti ma ti ng th e c om
to t he s tage o f s ti mu l a ti ng th e will . We u se by t ur ns ac ,
c o r d i n g t o c i rc u m s ta nc es e ith e r m od e o f a ll e via ti on
, A goo d .
2 We wil
. lc ons i d e r fi rs t the con fl ic t o fa v o l u n ta r y s ti mu l u s
with the Spo n tan eo u s i mpu l s es c ons ider e d i n th e i r pr im itive
c ha rac te r as gr o wi ng ou t o f t h e p u r e ly p hy s ic alc on d iti ons of
,
t he n er v o us a n d m us c u l ar s y s te m s In th is r es p e c t apon ta
.
,
’
ni ght s r e p o se a nd , a fte r th e n our i s hm en t o f a m ea l ,
w ell as with body with t he e x erc ise o f the m a nua l and i n tel
,
’
The i r reg ul ar o pe r a ti on s of the sold i er s li fe c on t in ual ly b r in g
a b ou t th es e c r os s e s w h e n c e a m on g o th er r e as on s a r i ses t he
, , ,
i ng u p , r e n de r s t he s u bj ec ti on o f th e s po n ta ne ity l ess ar d u ou s ,
not po ss es se d a t oth e r ti m e s a n d d e m an d i ng a c er ta i n co u n te r
,
a m u ltitu de or o f s o me o th er p o w er fu l e x a m pl e
, Su ch a ls o .
, ,
m or bi d p er s i s te nc e gr o wi n g ou t o f fa tigu e ca r r i ed be yon d th e
poi n t o f r e po s e It i s of n o c o nse qu en c e wh a t i s th e o r igi n o f
.
a de qu a te c ou n te rac tive in t he fo r m o f an i n c i te m e n t to t he
s ys te m i n to ac ti on i s an in te r e s ti n g s tu dy i n v ar i o us r e s pec ts
, .
so u n ds or s ights
, Un der the same em o ti on— ten der ir as c ibl e
.
, ,
th e day an d so wil
, l be dee med t he mor e po wer fu l If I .
adj unc ts an d fi x e d i d e as a r es u lt ga in e d i s l oo ke d u p on a s
,
co n c l u s iv e an d r arely nee ds to be r e ve r s e d ; s u c h is t he c on
,
s ta nc y o f thi s pa r t o f t he c h ar a c te r Eac h a n i m al h as i ts .
or an i m a l whi c h w e r e me mbe r fo r o ur g ui da n ce in fu t u re d ea l
,
t he fi n al c ou r t o f a pp eal s u bj ec t o n ly to th e pr ese n ce o f a fi x ed
,
a ny on e s pa i n s a re w e l oo k to th e i r av o i dan c e s ; ift he i r pl ea
’
,
s u r es to t he i r a ttrac ti o ns
, Thi s can on will se r ve do w n to
.
t h e l o w es t li m its o f s en ti en t be in g ; or i f w e d ou bt t he appl i
cabil i ty of it to t he i n fer i or tr ibes w e m u s t pas s i n to tota l u n
,
c er ta in ty res pec ti n g th em .
5 I f w e c om par e t he v o l un ta r y s ti mula ti on ta ki ng pl ac e
.
e ven i n g th a t t h e fi r s t is i n tr i ns i ca ll
, y a s tr onger fee li ng T here .
s ti m ul a ti on a n d t im es wh e n th e oppo s it e h a ppens
, We .
ta r y ac ts to br in g on or w ar d o ff t he r e ality as yet i n pr os
, , ,
as a m e re a n ti c ip a ti on The p ai ns o f ou r v a r i o us e xc es ses i n
.
e v er y o bj ec t t ha t h as e v er affec te d hi m a n d in cas e o f , ,
e n co un te r c a n p r es en t to t he e n e m y as s tro n g a fro n t as if
,
t i c ian p a in te r or poe t
, , Wh en w e find per sons manifes ting
.
m onr as c r. or man . RETEN TI N or O n au s e a . 413
r ec o ll ec ti on th a t se r v es i n ab se n c e If to thi s be a dded
.
c on f i r m e d an d v er y ac u te p a i n in o th er d e pa rt men ts will be
bor n e r a th er th an su r r e nder th is for tr es s T a k e anoth er cas e . .
the i de al for m of t he m i se r i es m u s t be t h e s u s ta i n i ng s pu r .
a n d to u c h es , &c r ep rese n ti n g th e ma te r i al w or l d —a re th e mo s t
.
,
for t he p u r po s es o f ac tive p u r s u it o r a vo i da n c e th o s e v ar i o u s ,
c o n ditio ns o f o u r s en ti en t l ife T he pl ea s u re s o f m us ic o r
.
,
a n d c er ta i n c au s e s u c h as a w oun d a c hi ll a h ar s h d is c or d a
, , , ,
be in g h e l d i n t he m i n d as a d e te r r i n g m otiv e ; the ca us e ,
i ngs th a t s p r i ng u p w e k now n ot ho w th at h a ve no as c e r ,
ta i nabl e o bj ec t, o r a ge n t or d e fi ne d c i r c u ms ta nc es giv e
, ,
in the o th er .
.8 I n wh a t has n ow be en sa i d I h a v e p u t the c as e of a c on
,
co n fli c ts
. Th e o ppos i ng m o tiv es may be bo th idea l as when ,
.
-
m e s s e s r an on c on r aau exsrvs m s
. 417
e x ce pti on t o t h e c o l d o pe r a ti on o f t he i n te l l ec t, an d i mpli e s
t he i n tru s i o n o f som e degr ee o f p as s i ona te w ar m th The .
c an ta ti on is th e m o tor i n fl uen c e o f a n y s u f
,
fe r ing or d eli ght i n
t he di s ta n t app r oac h ; a n d i n t he c o mp ar i s on o f t w o s uc h
i deals th e on e tha t s u cc ee ds m u s t n e eds h av e a s u p er ior ity i n
,
one or o th er p ar ti c ul ar .
Pr oper ty, H ea lth Soc i ety Ed uca ti on Wor l dly po s ition &c
, , , , .
o f th e s e ; a ll o w an c e be i n g m a d e fo r t he t en de n c y o f s ome of
them to ta ke o n a n i n de pe n den t c h ar m fr om t he p ar ti c u l ar ,
to be a vi c e o f th e ol d So it i s w ith k n o wl edge an d
.
a n d t he il l c o nseq u en c es o f t he w an t o f th em may be ,
10 The I mp as s ioned
. or Ex aggera ted en ds , fr om th ei r
2n
418 r ue c os m cr o r n on vas .
s u c h a d e gr ee th a t t he oppo s i ng s u bj e c t i s n ot a d eq ua t ely
s h a r p p a in th a t i s a bl e t o c o p e with a n un d u ly i n fl am ed
r iva l s o r t i s m os t c o m pl e te ly q ue ll e d u n d er t he s to r m of a n
u n d u e e x c ite m e n t ; bu t th e in fl ue n ce as a ga i n s t wh a t i s m e r ely
e x pe r ie nc e w ou l d be lik e wi s e r e q u i re d
, Wh e n a n e x c ite ment .
te r r or or vi ce ver sa ) bu t by a c ol d es ti ma te o f pl e as ure t o be
, ,
fi r m ly r eta i n e d th r ou gh ou t the in te r va ls o f t he i r a c t ua l
o cc ur r e nc e .
a n d t he p o s tpo n e m e n t o f ac ti on m ay be ca r r i e d to an abs u r d
t o m ak e at on c e a d ec is iv e es t im a te o f t h e a moun t of ti me a n d
th ought to be a llo we d for the i nfl u x o f c o ns ider a ti on s o n both
s i d es o f t he c as e a n d a t t he e nd o f s uc h r eas on abl e t i m e a n d
, ,
.
, ,
e nl a r g e m en t o f the s ph er e o f v ol u n ta r y ac tion T hi s o n e .
.
2 To ta k e a s i m pl e e xa m ple
. A d e man d s u dde n ly r i ses
.
for our as s is ta n ce t o a fr ie nd re la ti on o r so me o n e i n t he
, ,
i m pu l se s p r i n gi ng ou t o f ou r ten d er fee li ng to w a r ds a no th e r .
are a pt t o e n s u e fro m th o se i n s ta n ta n eo u s d ec i s i o ns ; a nd
i
ser ou s r e u cd ti on of ou r ow n mean s so as to affec t our inde ,
an d d e te r fr om t he ac ti on s th a t w ou l d i nc u r th em as muc h as ,
not c er ta i n bu t mer e ly p r o ba bl e
, N e v er th e les s no a mou n t
.
,
an d the de v e l o p m en t o f th o se t w o ki n ds o f s u f fe r i ng i n to
m otive p owers p ar amou n t o n e v er y oc c as i o n h ow e ver the ,
424 nar rs s aar rox .
.
,
th a t th ey h ad a fte r w ar ds p robably to r e pe n t o f ’ .
n i c e ly b a l an c e d to r e ta in i n the m i n d th e j us t v al u es o f al
, l
t he o ppo s in g co n s ider a ti o ns s o as a t t he i n s tan t of c l os ing
, ,
t he accoun t to h a ve a t r u e s um to ta l on e ith er s id e
, Th e .
t he u s e in d ai ly -l
,
ife qu es ti on s of the ar tific ial methods p r ac
,
Gr oie ’
s Gr a ce, Par t II Chap LX I V
, . .
mu m s n orm
’
. ALGEBRA . 425
O
unc er ta i n ty th a t p e r pl e x es us .
son I s tr ik e ou t th e tim e
, I f I j u dge s o m e t w o r easo n s con
.
eq u al to s o m e thr ee r eas o ns
p r o I s tri k e o u t the fi ve ; a n d ,,
a dv an ta ge fr o m thi s ki n d of e u a ti on i n wh a t ma
q y be te r m ed ,
5 Su c h a me th od o f a idi n g the
. un d ers an t di ng by the
ar t ific es of for m a lity i s n ot t o be d es pi s e d I n bu s in ess an d
'
a ve r age an d a t t h e en d o f t he per i od w e ha ve on ly to s u m up
,
m any w eek s or m on th s t he m i n d m ay be u n tr us tw o r th y in
,
a t t he m erc y o f th os e oc c ur r in g las t ; it is to c o u n te r ac t s uc h
c l as h o f motiv es w e r es is t t h e i m p u l s es to ac tio n , a n d a w a it
,
b e t w ee n thi s op er ati o n of a de te r r i n g i m pu ls e an d th e ,
v o l u n ta r y pr om ptin g to k ee p ou t o f a ny o th er mo de o f i m
pen d i ng ha r m The di s ti n c ti on li es i n the highly i n te ll ec tua l
.
ac ti o n s o f o th er p eo pl e o r t he i mbib in g o f t he na r r a te d
.
by no
m eans a c omm on e d u c a ti on — an d t he c on c epti on o f bad con
s eq u ences t a k es t he ra n k of a pa i n i n fl uen c in g t he will and ,
c as ti n g i ts w e ight in t o e v e r y c o nfl ic t o f mo tives In t h e .
a n d gi ve it th a t e n d u r i n g h o ld o f t he in te ll ec t wh e r eby it
ta k es i ts s ta n d i n ar res ti n g a h as ty j u dgm en t .
o f RESOLUT I O N as a ph as e o f o u r v ol un ta r y ac ti on s The .
,
O UTIO N
RES L i nr u ns ns r s nns n ACTI ON . 429
r e c ogn i se an i n te r me di a te s ta te —
,
o fd ec is i o n withou t e x e c u ti on
— n am ely wh e n w e h a ve de liber ated on a c o urs e of p roc ee di ng
,
n a m e t o th e u ne xec u te d d e te r m i na ti on ; w e te r m it a Res o
l u ti on. The m i n d h a vi ng fo r m e d s uc h a r es ol u ti o n th a t i s ,
on c e p roc ee d u po n it i n o th er w or ds t he t ra i n o f e x ec u tive
,
s ugge s te d a p r el
, i m i n ar y v olition ta k es plac e n a me ly the ac t , ,
o f l oo ki ng ou t for w a tc hi n g or w a iti ng t h e m o m en t k no w n as
, ,
is p r o ba bly c om e to s o m e ti m e p r e vi o u s to t he o pe ni n g d ay .
t h e da y s an d k ee pi ng no te o f t h e ti m e an d o th er c ir c u m ,
s ta n c e s a pp er tai n i ng t o t he a c t o f en r o lm e n t We may s ay .
s tro n g er i m p u l s e , l e ft i n t h e a s c en d a n t by t he c es s ati o n o f t h e
de libe ra tive v eto w e ass ume the attit ud e of a tte n tio n to the
,
9 I n fo ll o w i ng
. dec is ion o f i mpor tan ce it m os t
ou t a ,
oc c u py m e s i x m on th s a n d my r es ol u ti on mus t s u s ta in my
,
o f th is c on tin u o u s c ha rac te r a re i n d an g er o f be i n g oc ca
r e m i n de d o f t he i m po r ta n t e n ds th a t l
, ed t o th e i r a d o pti on .
m i d d l e s ta te of r es ol u ti on i s a s ta te o f t r i a l a nd u nc er tai n ty .
o pp os ite l in e o f c o n d u c t M y r es o lv e to r is e e ve r y m orn i ng
.
by a ce r ta i n fo rc e o f m o tiv e w h i c h s u fli c es to ge t me u p fo r a
w ee k bu t i s no l on ger s tron g e n ough to encou n ter t he i n d u ce
,
me n t th a t k ee ps m e i n be d ; th a t is to sa y the r es ol u tion i s ,
b rok en t hr ou gh
E ver y on e s li fe c on ta i n s a n u mbe r o f su dden o r h as ty
'
s ibl e t ha t a v o l iti o n r e qu i r i ng p r o t ra c te d la b ou r ca n be s us
m uc h m or t i fi ed a nd hu mble d on s om e o n e oc cas i on by m ee ti ng
a r ebufl fr o m be i ng t oo fo r war d i n ten d er i ng a dvi c e ; i n t he
'
432 ur r onr .
s o th a t wh e n t he h our s tr ik es h e p r oc ee ds with th a t , ; an d ,
r ou gh d es c r ipti o n o f o u r in d u s tr ia l li fe fro m da
y to day A n .
o r p a in e x per i e n ce d or con ce iv ed
,
The ac tiv e e x er ti o n is ac .
k ee p us fr om ac ti ng .
press ed .
t he h u ma n m i n d as th a t of t he e x is te n c e o f an e x te r n al w or l d
—the vi nd i ca t ion o f wh ose re ality h as (s tr a nge to s ay) bee n
r ega r d e d as a n ac hi e v e men t o f no co m mo n mer it i n t he a n n als
w e s ee m a te r i a l o bj ec ts p u t i n moti on fro m a s ta t e of r es t or ,
in th e m tio o f ma te r ialobj ec ts
o n I m ean th e c ons c iousn ess o f (f r t as 5
. o ,
‘
Al l bo d i es wit h wh i c h w e are ac q ua i n te d wh en r a i s ed .
u r ge d th er e to by a fo r ce o r e f fo r t t h e d i rec t o r i n d i r ec t r es u lt
,
Ch a p VI I . .
m en a oc c u r r i ng i n a n ac t o f w ill th er e i s i n v o lve d so m e ki n d
, ,
s or t m a y be e n ti r ely a bs en t On t he fi rs t s ta r t o f a c h as e
.
ki n d .
e x er ti on —c an w e s ay th a t th ese e xh au s t t he an teced e n t c i r
c u m s ta n ces r e n d e r i ng se n ti e nt b e ings m ec h an i ca l p r im e
mo v ers ?
C er ta i nly not . The cas e is far oth er wis e Wh en the .
sc iou sn es s—
,
ca ll it e ffo r t
’
,po wer or a nyth i ng e ls e bu t it is
,
’
c ed e n t o f al lth a t mu sc ul ar p o w er It i s n ow -a-days a tr u is m
.
o f phy s i c a l c au s es Ev er y p or ti on o f m o v i ng po wer c om i ng
.
e qu a l p or tion a r i s i n g i n t h e i n v o l u n ta r y mo v e ments o f t he
s ys t e m .
a s ou r c e o f p o w e r bu t w e m u s t th e n mean by m i nd t he c on ,
s c i ou s nes s i n co nj u n c ti on with th e wh ol e b od y an d w e m u s t
a l s o be p r e p ar e d to a d mit th a t t h e phy s i ca l e ne rg y i s t h e i a
,
t h e s u r v ey of th e li v in g fr a m e as r ega r d s th e so u rc es of m ec h a
,
m o vi n g fo r c e th ro u gh the m ed i u m o f a c er ta i n m ec h a n i s m
, .
c ity C h e m i c al A f
,
fi n ity M ec h an ica l Fo rc e—o th e r wi s e te r med
,
‘
Ou r ithis life is an embod i d con sc ious ness H uman
c onsc o usn es s in e .
This cond ition o f h m an co ns c ious n ess affor ds r oom for s cur ious an d in tere s t
u
H is t r y
o d i n Sy tem by Pr ofessor Fr as er o f Edi nbur gh p 1
an s , 22 , . .
r u r src xr. AG ENCY ass ut r s m om r uvs xcxr . r onc as . 437
r en ov a ti on an d p er p e tua l m e a ns o f e li m i na ti on We find .
e v er y t r i fli ng dis tu r b an c e In a w or d m i n d as k n o wn to u s
.
, ,
i n o ur o w n c on s ti t ution is th e v e r y l as t thi n g th a t w e s h ou ld
,
s et u p as an in de p en d en t po w er s w ayin g an d s us ta in i n g t he ,
are mo m e n ts i n t he p e r fo r ma nc e o f ou r r ou ti n e p ro ces s es ,
w hi le at t he sa m e ti me t he o r gans c on tin u e to o pe r a te .
a n d d i m i n i s hi n g d e gr ee M in d it is tr u e w as c o nce r n e d i n
. , ,
a n d i n te r m itte d p r es en c e o f t h e m e n ta l p r o p e r ty a n d t he i n ,
o r igi n to mo vi n g po w er .
C H A PTER VI II .
DESI RE .
m otive i m p u ls es c ou l d be a t o nc e fo ll ow e d u p de s i re wo uld ,
h a v e n o pl a ce.
The s ta te o f c ra vi ng i s th u s , i n the fi r s t pl ac e a w an t o r ,
or l es s p ai n fu l frame o f m i n d .
2 We h a ve a for m o fd es i re i n al
. lou r m ore p ro t rac te d o pe ra
ti ons o r wh en wor ki ng for d i s ta n t en ds Th e s u ppre s s ion of
, .
t he s ta te o fc r a vin g i s c o m pl e te , on ly wh e n t he gr a tifi ca ti o n i s
un d er t he h an d ; as wh en I b eco m e th i r s ty h a vi n g a gl as s o f
, ,
w a te r on t h e ta ble be fore m e If I h a v e t o r i ng a be ll an d se n d
. ,
o pp r es s ion t he p r iva ti on o f wh at w e a r e ac c u s to me d to
,
e n d u r an c e n o w c o n s is ts i n be i n g u r ge d by t h e p a i n s o f s pas ,
r e wa r d e d by a mitiga ti on of t he pa i n .
r efl ec ti ng and c ulti va te d m i n d i s u r ge d to it by r e mo te c o n
5 En d u ra n c e is ta lk e d o f as be i ng e ither ph y s i c al or mora l
. .
o f ou r po ss ibl e p ai ns wh eth er th os e th a t ar e s o i n th e i r
,
s ens es an d a l
, lt he mo des o f e m oti o n th a t be l ong to t he s i d e
of suf fer i ng s ti mu l ate the w ill i nto a c ti on an d if an e ffec tua l
, , ,
m ea n s of a ll e vi a ti on i s k no w n th a t will be foll ow e d o u t
,
If .
i n to pl a y w h en w e ar e to r n an d ex h aus te d by t he e x tr eme
,
ou tb u rs ts o f th e e moti on a l m an i fe s ta ti on We ha ve s een th a t .
pai n may i n o ne s et of c ir c u ms ta n ce s r un ou t i n to vi o l en t
, ,
e x p ress i on an d i n o th e rs to v o li ti on
, , I n bo th cases w e may
, .
,
c ope with t he fi rs t w h e th er th a t be a v o l un ta r y s ti mu l us or
, .
o th e r i m p ul se s of t h e s y s te m acc o mp an i e d by a p r o t ra c t ed
,
e xh au s ti on o fi n te r na l c on flic t s u c h m i n ds a re s tr ongly i n d uc e d
,
s i on of the m in d i ns tea d o f s u f
, fer i ng the dis tr ac tion o f ma ny .
th an n ot r ea liz e the e n d .
e x a m pl e w e ta k e a n
, y o f th e b o di ly app e t i te —
a h u nge r thi rs t ,
s l ee p , &c , , ,
cr a vin g ma
y be appeas ed by dr a w in g u po n som e o f our stor es of pleas ur e .
, ,
s ions w hen thi s f a ct ex erc i ses a ben ign pow er The co nsolati on affor ded by
.
a s piri tua l a d vis e r or a w ise fr ien d h as n o o th er bas is t o pro ceed u pon and
, , ,
i n to i m agi na ti on, an d
con st ruc t fu tu r e gr a t ifica tions of the
to
s a me sort with or withou t a b as is o f r ea lity
, We s pe a k oc .
ac u te pi n c h o f a n e u r al gi c p a i n bu t t h e ac tu a l in th es e cas es
,
a n ce s ti m u l a te s pe r h ap s th e la r ge s t s h a re of the ac tivity o f
, , ,
as it a r i s es
. The m an t h at h as ga in ed his c a pital or his o ffi ce , ,
c u pi e d with r o u ti n e t o il a n d r e mo v ed fr o m li bra r i es an d th e
,
c o n v er se o f t he l ea r n e d Wha t wo u ld s uc h a on e do if s ud
.
,
‘
c l os e o f wh i c h he wo u l d s et ou t i n t he fu ll car e e r o f e x ec u tio n .
i n wh a t w ay t he i nfl uen ce w or ks N o w a s ou r ac tua l c on .
,
pe r i en c es r e ta in e d i n his m i n d t o c o n s tr uc t a fu tu re pla n ; if
, , ,
e motion s th a t s us ta i n th em .
9 The ki nd of fee l
. i ngs m os t fav ou r abl e to th ese c o ns tr uc
tions o f i magi n ed ac tivity ar e tho se that lie m idway be twee n
,
c as e s wh e re w e can r e m e mb e r th at w e w er e at a c er ta i n tim e
u r gi ng u s to r ea li ze tha t ti me ag ai n o fwhi c h t o en te r ta i n on ly
,
i n s u c h a pr e di ca m en t th a t v o liti on an d des i r e a re r o us e d by
,
a m otiv e p o w e r w h i c h w e m ay c on c e de as i n p ar t m ad e u p o f
,
o u t o f th e p a i n o f s o i m p er fec t a r ea liza ti on o f wh a t w e k n o w
a d d itio n a l d rau gh t ; t h e s e n s e of s h or t c om in g of t he r ec ol
lec
,
r aovoc rm vss o r ns s ms . 449
e x p e r ie nc e d ; wh e n t h e s to m ac h h as l o ng bee n e m pty a n d ,
a n i ma l . Lo ng c o nti nu ed e xer c is e r o us es a s ta te o f p ai n
-
s tro n ly s u gge s ti ng r e p os e
g Suc h ar e th e ma i n an d th e p rop e r
.
i n o ur o r ig in a l m ech an is m I s h oul d s ay i n a l
, l p rob ability
, ,
o f th e m w er e l e ft i n e n ti r e dor man c y .
2 r
45 0 basi ns
In all cases h
w e re a bo d ily
want d oes n ot c r ea te th e
u n eas i nes s th at pr o mpts t h e w i ll or wh en th e re is no ac tual
,
an im a l be fo re s uc ki n g bl o o d is n ot u r ge d to t he p u r s u it of
, ,
In .
o bs t ruc ti o n w e ma
, y fin d an ou tl et in i ma gin ed p u rsu i t I t is .
se ts hi s wits to w o r k t o c o m p as s i ts reco v er y a n d by a se r i es , ,
'
.
while oth ers are soo thin g an d sa tis fyi ng I a ppr ehe n d how .
,
e v e r th a t al
, lpl eas ur es ar e i n fl a m ma to r y by t he v er y l a w of ,
th ei r be i ng Th er e a re t w o r ec ogn is ed mo des o f c ou n te r
.
w or ki ng th e te n den c y Th e o n e is fo un ded on t he c i r c u m
.
t he c h ec k o f so me pa i n W ha t is c a ll ed sob r i e ty in t he p u r
.
e n ge n d e re d by p a in fu l e x pe r i e n ces Th e s h oc k o f r ec o il n o t
.
,
a n d i n c reas e u p to t he po i n t w he n it c eases t o be s uc h o r
, ,
un til so m e p a i n p r es e n t or a pp r e h en d ed pl a nts a b ar r i er
, , .
m i nd bu t i s t he o fls pr i ng of co mp ro m is e a n d c olli s i o n a nd of
'
, ,
t o s to p o r wh a t is o n the wh o le t he be s t
,
The i
c o n ne x ons D es ir e with Beli ef ar e s ti ll to be
of
e x pla i n e d
. A s uc c eedi ng c h a p te r d ev ote d t o this l
, as t-na med
v
se era l c on quests on the r ight It i s th er efor e an essentia l
.
, ,
bes t c aree r of mora l pro gr ess n ot oft e n rea liz e d i n p rac tic e
, .
war mth s wee t tas tes fragr ant o do u rs s oft c on tac ts m e lodious
, , , ,
the e ye c a nn o t be fo ll o wed o ut to al
, ll ength s with ou t t r enc h
i ng on oth e r i n te res ts p re s en t or fu tu re ; a nd w e w a nt ther e
fore t o h a ve thes e i n te re s ts r ep r ese n te d with s ufli c ie n t po wer
t o i n ter pose a c h ec k at t he p r o per po i n t For tha t e n d w e .
,
o dours &c ; th er e be i n
, . h owever v al ua ble i n te res ts on wh ose
g
, ,
Wh at is to be done th er e fo re is to ma r k c er ta i n obj e c ts as
, ,
o n t he o th e r ; an d if the re a re n o u n to war d r e ve rs es t o th r o w
,
s en s ua l i mp ul s es of i n or di na te s tr en gth an d a t oth er ti m es w e ,
c our aor. or A PPETITE . 457
.3 T a k e t he p ra c tice of r e gu l ar ea r ly r is i ng H ere w e .
i n te r es ts o f t he day We r eq u i re th en in o rd er to c ons u m
.
, ,
it is t ha t th e re c ree ps on a c e r ta i n h a bitu de o f th e s y s te m ,
p
r e ea te d c on flic t W ha t th e i nd i vid ual has ha d to ac t s o
.
c o n fir m i ng t he vi c to r i o us a nd s a ppi ng t he v an q ui s he d i m
, ,
I f t he p o we r a ppli ed i n t he fi rs t i ns ta n ce i s i nco n s ta n t or
m er e ly oc cas i ona l an d if pe r i o ds o f i nd u lge nce ar e a dm itte d
,
i n o r di na r y c i rc u ms ta nc es w e c a n c a lc u la te u po n no thi ng l es s
,
I f a m an s e x is te nce is regu la r
’
a n in s ta n c e as t h e p r es e n t . ,
tem mra nc e .
a bl e o cc u rs t he po w er o f v o liti on c h er is hes an d re ta i ns t he
,
an d p a i n s fro m th e o bj ec ts th a t s tr ik e o u r s igh t h ea r i n g , ,
so m e on e t h i ng s o fa r c a pa bl e o f en gro s s i ng t h e a tt en ti o n as
to o v er po w er fo r the ti m e the b u zz o f c on ve rs a ti on o r t he
, , ,
ac q u i s itio n w o u ld be i m prac ti ca bl e fo r w an t o f a c om m en c e
sa me w ay an d t he v e r y s a m e r e m a r ks ar e a pplica bl e
, We .
u p o n th em .
to c om m un ity o f ac ti on th r o u gh ou t t he en ti re s y ste m (I n~
sti nc ts , Thi s las t es pec ially d e ma nds ed uca tional con
t r ol. We ha ve to s u ppr es s thos e m ov em ents of the li mbs
whic h i n s tin cti ve ly acc om pan y the pla y of the voic e ; to res is t
th at i n fl ammato r y ac tio n w her eby a mor e l oc al ex c ite men t
ki n d les a ge n eralac tivity These ac qu i r em en ts h o we ver ar e
.
, ,
t h e m i n this pl ac e .
m us t be i n vo k e d i n this a l l-i mp or ta n t s t r u gl e
g .
a bl e ba r t o a l i fe o f r egu la te d i nd us tr y By a w e ll -place d .
t he i r k s o me n es s o f e nc o un te r i ng c h ee ks m ay be sa ppe d by ,
e n te r ta i n i n th e m u n t i l th ey a r e es te e med as o f no ac co un t
g
, .
s u pp or t o f t he p o i n t i n s is te d o n a t t he o p en i ng o f t he c h a pte r ,
to th e o r ga n i s m ; a n d i n ac c us to m i ng o u r se lv es to e n d ure t he
s ever ity o f c ol d a n d w e t w e a re al mos t s u r e to go bac kw ar d
,
nnuc u ron i n c ommon 465
'
.
an d t ry th e s y s te m u p to t h e po i n t o f ac q u i re d en d ur a n c e a n d ,
2 u
46 6 ms norm . nas rrs .
c h arac te r d e fi c i e n t i n te nd er n es s fr om t he fi rs t m igh t be ,
a r is e a co n s id er a bl e gl o w of ex c i tem en t i n th at r e la tion n ot ,
m i s c h i e fs o f u n br idle d t e m pe r an d ar e m o de r a te ly e n d o wed
,
fa vo ur a bl e to a s uc c ess fulis s ue .
e m o tion s as a wh o l e m ay be n o ur i s h ed or s ti n ted o r so me ,
o ther h an d pl ac e a n a r ti s ti c n a tu re i n a n age o f hi gh P u r i
,
an d to r oo t u p t he mos t d ee p-s ea te d o f h u m an pl ea s ur es a n d
,
li fe
. The po wer of ed u ca tion is li m ite d bec ause t he u p ,
s us ta i n e d u se o f on e or g an s u c h as t h e vo i c e i n a s i nger or a
,
su c h a th i ng to o as ch an ging th e nat ur a l te m pe r a m e n t as
, ,
m en t an d ex h au s ti n g d i sc h ar ge s may be t on ed d o w n to a
s l ow er p a ce alth ough cons i de r i ng t he d ee p -s ea te dness o f t he
,
w e m ay c ou n t u po n a c er tain c on tr ib u ti on fr o m th e p r i n c ipl e
th ou gh ts upo n on e s ubj ec t as aga i nst wan der i ngs digr ess i ons , ,
an d a pplyi n g th e wh ol e m i n d to t h e th in g n ex t i n t u r n The .
o f t h e na tur e of a m or a l h a bitu de be l on gi ng to o ur c o n s t it u
so w e ll ma na ge d as to c ar r y the d ay i n e ve r y se p ar a te c on fli c t ,
r e no un ce —s ur r —moa s n IN A BI L ITY .
b
now a u n d a n tly th at the co nst itu tion o f the will fro m
s ee n , ,
n is i ng e vil an d goo d i n t h e di s ta nc e w e w or k fo r r e mo te
,
i nc ite m en ts by s u c h a pr oc edur e H e th at is d e vo te d to t he
.
'
an d e v il
, lly e xper ien ced ar e the ma in fea tu r es of thi s
as ac uat ,
men t w e ta k e fo r gr an te d th at th e pe rso n w il
, l cert a i nly ac t in
a w ay c o r res po n di ng and in s tr ikin g o ppos ition to al
, l tha t
c lass of mi n ds i n whom th ere is no ef
, fec tive r ememb rance of
the s w ee t an d bitt er e xper i en ces o f life fo r the fu tu re con tr o l ,
a m in d a r e s i n gu l ar ly a mena bl e to c al c u l a ti on We kn ow .
i ty,
d igal ne gl ec t ppo r t un iti es givi ng o ffen ce to th ose tha t
of o
, a r e s ins ,
e mo ti ons an d s u c h lik e
, Th ere is a v olitiona l or mor al w ea k
.
e vi d e n c e ca n be ass u me d as t he l
,
a w of our be i ng j u s t as it i s ,
t he l a w o f s mo k e to asc e n d a n d o f w a te r to d esc e n d
, It i s tru e .
an d t h e fe li c ity of m od er a ti on By so me o r al lo f th es e m ea ns
.
s tro nges t of m en s u s ua l i mp ul s es
’
.
a r e t he s l e n d er co n tr i bu tion s o f ou r n a t u r e to the c a us e o
l
‘
r
to o bs er ve a nu mb er o f m ax i m s o f i n d ivi d ua l res tr a in t a nd ,
2 rr
482 r aun s s ca —nur r . n orm . IN AB ILITY .
an d c h ar a c te r is ti c i m press i on ; w e ha v e a p ec u liar n o ti on
s o me a c t o f vi o l en ce to a n e ighbo u r or s om e ac t o f d e fi a n ce to
,
s ec u ri ty w ou ld p e r is h his p r u d en t ia l s ens e w ou l d be a r es t ra i n t
,
u p on hi m N ot so wh e n a c r i m e w ou ld b r i ng hi m l ar ge ga in
.
, ,
s a c r i fi c e with n o r e tu r n wh i le t he o m is s i on l ea ds to n o pe na lty
. .
Si m pl e p ru d e nc e w ou l d at s u c h a mo men t s ugges t t he c r im in al
c ou r s e . We s e e m en c ons tan tly e v adi n g obliga tion s becaus e ,
co mm itte d i n t he be li e f of a s h r o u d o f s ec r ec y I f eac h .
on e w er e dis pose d to ac t o n a s tr i c t c al c u la ti on of wh a t w as
re n d ere d wh il e no s e lf-s ac r ifi c e fo r p u bl
, i c o bj ec ts w ou ld e ve r
h appen Som e vi r tu es m ight be be tte r a tten d ed to i n a
.
t r u th ful nes s e nables a man to pros per i n his bus i n es s fro m the ,
s h ou ld s ee c l ea r ly ho w far t r u th a n d h on es ty r ea lly s er ve d
h im an d th er e l
,
i mit his devotion On the whol e h o we ve r it .
, ,
may be al mos t ,
t he genero u s i m pu l s es m ay h a v e a hi gh a nd as cen da n t d e
vel o m e n t givi ng bir th to ac ts o f s el f-s ac r i fic e a n d d e v o ti on
p , .
In ac t ua l e x pe r i en c e n e ith er e x t re me i s th e u s ua l cas e
, .
e n ti re ly su bme r ge t h e i n te r es ts o f t he is o la te d s elf It i s
enou gh for u s u n d er th ese c i r c u m s ta n c es to k no w th a t a
, ,
i n ou r se lves an d j o in i n di sa ppr o vi ng a nd p u ni s h i ng it i n
,
a n d m a i n ta i n e d a se ns e o f l a w a n d di s po s itions t o obe di en ce ,
a Ru ss i a n se r f as of a s u bj ec t of X e r x es o r Ti ber i u s is a
, ,
l a ws he i s ca ll ed on to obe y .
10 Ha vi ng th u s di s ti n gu i sh ed t w o l ea d i ng mod es o f th e
.
s e n ti m e n t o f m or al o bliga ti on— th e Sl a vi s h Co ns c i en c e an d
sai d t o h a v e a co n sc i e n c e p u r e ly h is o w n Tha t su c h c on
.
sc i e n c e s ar e v er y u n co m m on p ro v es i n t he s tr onges t man n er
,
a s u p e ra b un d an ce o f s tu dy an d r e d ac ti on- th a t i s a more ,
for o u r d u ty . f a n d th e
B ut th e c a l c u la ti ons of p r u denc e i tse l ,
or h ar m E ve r y on e k now s w el
. l how se r i ou s i s t he tas k
o f r ea r i n g an y h um a n b e i n g to th a t ma tu r ity of s e lf r es tr ai n t, ~
, ,
pos s ibl e to c a c ul
l a e tgenera l effec t o f al
th e lthe v ar i ou s aids
to t he p er for mance of d u ty i n o ppo s itio n to th e or d i nar y
co u n ter -motiv es bu t with ou t un ifor mi ty of se quenc e c al c u l a ,
by r e wa r ds as we ll as p u n is h me nts by i ns tr uc ti on a n d e dmo
,
thel
es s , had i n fl uen ces been br ough t to bea r s u ffi c i en tly ea r ly ,
is t he s ta te te r med mor al i ns a n i ty w h er e t h e s u bj e c t is n o t
,
A n a tt e m pt i s a lways m a de by h is c ou n se l to repres en t hi m as
i r r es po ns ibl e a n d n ot a s ubj ec t fo r pun is hme n t The cas e is
, .
o f wh a t t he m as te r in te n d s i n t he a ddr es s to h is e n i ng p u pil .
h im bu t to va r y th e a n t ec ede n ts an d make s u r e th a t a n ew
,
a n d p o te n t s p u r s h a ll be m i x ed u p with th e p re vio us co m
for whi c h this c hapte r has bee n i n te n ded to pre pare the w ay .
C H APTER XI .
L I B E RT Y AND N E C E SS I TY .
an d r eg u la r ity as to t h e o pe r a ti on o f c e r ta i n m otives mu c h
'
t he sa m e as wh e n w e a ffi r m t he a tt r ib u tes of ma te r i a l bo d i es
—th at b rea d is a nour ishi ng ar ti c le of food, or th a t s moke
,
as c e n ds . How c om es it th e n to wh a t fa ta lity o wi ng th a t a n
, ,
sa id i s ,
th a t t he n u m be r and co mpli c a tion o f mo tive fo rc es
ma y e l u de o u r k nowl edge an d r en de r p red i c ti on u nce r ta in
,
p rac tic e The e xp lana tion o f the c ond iti ons of h ea lth an d
.
h is tor y and the th eor y of s ta tes mans hip are ver y un c erta in ;
, ,
I t is su r pr is ing that th is conn exion betw cen mo ti vss s n d s cti ons should
‘
ha v e ev er been theor etic ally q ues tion ed when eve r y h u man bei ng e v er y da y ,
petual l y sta kin g pleas ur e a d fo r tun e nd r epu ta ti on an d e ven life its elf on
n , a , ,
c anno t mo v e a ste p w i tho ut ta kin g for gran te d tha t the m in ds of hi s sold ier s
ity of
st abil thc gr ou nd on w hi ch ho st an ds , or npon thc ms g uifyin g po w cr of
th e telw cope i n his han d Wh en he o rd e r s his so d er s to w h ee , to deplo ,
. l i l y
q l t y
to fo r m a s uar e , to fire s ba t e r , is be ess con fiden in th e r esu han h e is t lt t
w h en h e per for ms som e ph s ca ope r a on —w hen he dr a ws a s w or d, pu s s
ti yi l ll
t r i gger or seal s a d es pa tc h r I t rs obvious ths t thr ough out al
'
,
lhis oper s ti ons ,
itions
the vol of hi s mcn , ns on the str ength of his for tiflca tions , or thc m ch
h ow n cr ci r cui to m ls t l
i t w il ths con m
as t fin d somc in di vid ualto pr es ent it
i t
for pa ym en t oa ths a ppo n e d d ay, an d tha t his ban er w il lfins lly pa t. k yi
H v t i v it
oo ed for
t o f w hic h rs l
ac . a ser es of o l i ons , the r esu l
er e w e ha e, i n f k
it t i it
w h un h esi at n g confi den ce, w h a con fid en ce u s e ua to ha w h w hic h q it q l t t it
t he mats si s lof tho dr s tt is cxpoot s d to r ats i n thc hs nd wr i ting upon it.
496 m am m neces srr n
c er ta i n s u bj ec ts th er e ha v e gr o w n u p th eo re ti c al a nd f
, ac titi ous
whil e tas king s pec u la tive i nge n u ity to the u tmos t The .
h u m an e x pe r i enc es He s a id th a t a bo dy m us t m o ve e ith er
.
pr oceeds on the pr inc iple tha t th e vol ition s of man kin d ar e u n der th e in fl uen ce
o f pr ec i se an d asce r ta i n able ca uses — m r n the Phi lo p hy f the
.
'
s o so o
the t
co n r ar y
, an d yet it has n ot b een an eas y thi ng to r efu e t
are s c r u pl es as to t h e l e giti m a c y of d e vi ce s th a t l ea d t o n o
ar e m or e u n d er t h e c on t r o l o f v er i fi cati on fr o m p r ac ti c e th a n
an d t he r e al.
an d mu c h of it i n t he tl ty
s ub e of the
ph en omenon to be
e xp r esse d . I adm it that it is n o eas y m a tte r to r ea d er
0 M ill s Logic
'
, Book V , Chap VI L, Soc 1
. . . .
2r
498 LIBERTY AND NE ESSIT C Y .
a ny s u c h pe c u li a ri ty i n t h e wi ll as t o r e n d er it in so l u bl e ,
vice I n so far as ex pla i nin g the h u man will is con cer ned
n ot hin g c o u l d be w orse c h ose n th an th ese n ames—
.
,
eu appl i
c a ti on h o w e v er n ev er m ea n t by th ose th a t or igi na te d them
, , .
s h ap e an d t he liber ty o f t he s u bj e c t, bu t i f an y o n e a s ks
o f des po ti s m or a c as e of fr ee dom
, I a ns w er tha t t he ter ms ,
’
o f c h a os a n d c on fu s i on .
A s an o h er t l l t i i t phr aseolog
e xa m p e o f pr ob ems c re a ed ou t o f n a ppr o pr a e
'
fa lse to plea sur es an d p a ins M r Grc te w all r emar ks on thi s po int This
ebus —
. .
i s tha t m in d is a l l e but n o t , .
,
bra in i n th e s ku ll .
Thos e th eor ies r espectin g th e n atur e ofmin d itse lf—as in muc h o f th e ear ly
m ateri alism —i mplyin g an ex te nded substa nce w er e gu ilty o f th e bl un d er o f ,
c or di n gl , .
or it
s m h, or h us ban dm an , or ins pec to r o f su c h w or ks or r u le r o f m en or , ,
gods r eser v ed the m ost impor ta n t r es u lts for th em se lves s o tha t n oth i n g o f ,
them w as vis ible to men For th e man w ho has bu ilt a h ouse w ll cann ot
. e ,
g a in by beco m i g lea d er o f the sta te : nor the man w h o has fo r his pl easur e
n
marr ied a bea u tiful w ife w heth er h e sha llcom e to so r r o w thr o ugh h er means :
,
We o u ght to lea rn alltha t th e gods ha d assi gn ed to be per for med by pra c ti sed
ha n ds ; an d to consu lt th em t hr o ug h the med i um of p r o phec y only on ma t
, ,
ter s not cc gnizahle to man : for th e gods then give in for ma tion to pe rsons
w h om th e y fa v our
’
.
Mor e is sa id in the sequ l of the cha pter res pec tin g the Soc r atic dis tr ibu
, e ,
c ou n te r -a f
fi r ma t io n o f th a t p re valen ce be in g on ly pa r ti a l
,
In .
w h er e a p os ition a lmo s t s i m i la r is ta k e n u
p It i s obvi ous . ,
bu t a ma tte r of fa c t ex peri en c e o r i n d uc ti on . C an it be , .
e v e n ts th a n i n th o se v er y m a tte rs q uo ted by So c r a t es as s o
l a w o f ca usa ti on i n t he vi e w ta k en o f it by Mr Jo h n Stu ar t
, .
si mil r ma tter s
a Per s ons cognizan t of these h e a ccoun te d good s u d hon our
.
us to r e ta i n tha t w o r d afte r w e h a v e d i sc ov er ed t h e u ns u it
o f an i nc u mbra nc e i n t h e sc i e n c es o f t he p r ese n t d a ‘
y .
r e a l m ea n i ng ex ce pt as d enyi n g e x tr a n eo u s i n ter fe r en ce
, If .
que n t, allw hic h ha ve a p rec is ion of mea ning, an d an abs en ce of con fus ing
’
that show th exac t sens e in ten ded The r h to r ical co di ti ons i mposed e ven
e . e n ,
upon s c ien tific ex pos i tion do n ot all ow tha t the on e a ppr opri a te w ord sha ll
,
be r epea te d on ev er y occasi on .
ns amaaar i on AN INTELLIG IBLE n or . 5 05
h a ve n ot li be r ty o f c h o ic e th e c hild m ay be ta k en to th e s h op
w her e a d res s is to be pur c h as ed but so me o n e e l s e mak es
,
Va ri o us motives —
.
,
p redicamen t a ma n or an a n i ma l m ay be pl ac ed th e re is a ,
A s r e ga r ds t h e ph ras e d elibe ra t i on I ha v e al r ea dy ’
,
e x pl a in ed a t l en gth wh at is c o m p ri s ed u n d er it (C h ap VII ) . .
en ds a re e q u a lly ba l ance d th er e i s a st a te o f i n d ec is i on u n ti l
, ,
s u c h ti me as n ew mo tiv es
gath er r ou n d on e or o th er o f t he
t w o s id es Th is s u s pe ns e u n der e qua l an d o ppos i ng p ress ures
.
, ,
pu t an en d to tha t long agi ta ted an d I th in k unr easo na ble bec ause uni ntel
, , ,
ac ti on s o u t of the s w ee p of l aw or re n der s li be r ty an d n ec es
,
se n ts a ge nu i ne fa c t or di s ti n c ti o n o f c ha rac ters to wh i c h a
, ,
m a n y vi c i s s itu de s or a fi x e d p ur po se u n d er e v er y v a r i e ty o f
,
’
On e m an is sai d to be the c r ea tu re of c ir c u ms ta nc es anoth e r ,
A ATE mac ros smr
’
s o SEP R or
‘
. 5 09
o f th e c om m on a n a ly s is o f t h e m in d Fee li n g Vo li ti on , an d .
,
d ep ar t m en t w ou ld n ee d t o be c on s tit u te d the de pa r t me n t o f ,
y e t to b e di s po s ed o f w h e th er th e r e be any res id u u m wh en
,
t he fa c ts The p r op er m ea n in g of s el
. f ca n be nothi ng more
th an my c or p or ea l e xis te n c e c o u pl ed with my s ens atio n s , ,
a bl e t o c on c ed e t h e ex is te n c e o f an i n s c r u tabl e en tity i n t he
, ,
pres um pti on is tha t the wh ol e ag ree in kin d with the maj or ity .
dua l s for the sak e ofs h ow in g tha t the ir act i ons are n ot to be
,
e ver bu t a n ew mo tive s p r in gi n g ou t of o ur se n se of h u mi
, ,
mi nd a gr ea t na tu ra l de fic i en c y i n th e po w er of s ei zi n g the
e xa c t tr u th o f a n y ph en omenon or i nc iden t ? Th ere a re a
or gans so as t o cal
,
lfo r t h a gr ea te r or l ess d egr ee o f m usc u l ar
e x pe n d it u r e I s ca rc ely k no w o f a ny an omaly, or any mode
.
e ver with p r e v a il
, i n g agr eem en t i s li a bl e to ex ceptional d is ,
t he t he r mo m e te r t he ph oto m e t er &c
, I f s u c h he th e c as e
, .
s u pp os e th a t t he c og n is an ce o f th e m e n ta l op e r a tio ns s h ou l d
e xte ns i on i n t h e ou te r w or l d ? Ve r y fa r fr o m it t he d i se r e
panc y o f di ffer e n t m e n s r e n der i ngs o f t he h u m a n m i n d is s o
’
t he th i ng l oo k e d a t w e m us t r e fe r it t o t h e i m p e r fe c ti on i n
,
t o h a ve h a d s o me o n e r egi on o f m e n ta l fa c ts wh e re al lm en ,
s ity be t he p a r t o f m i n d t ha t c o u ld n o t be l o n g to me ta
with a n u ne r r i ng c o n s c i o u s ne s s .
10 Le t u s e xa m i n e for a m ome n t wh e th er th er e be a t
.
,
a n d sa y t ha t I fee l it m y c onsc i o us n es s a n d te s ti m o ny a re
,
o f s un s h i ne fo ll o w e d by a n o ther s ta te —d a r k n es s this is to
2 x
51
4 t mm r 1x0 xs czssrr v .
w ith al
l my whe th er o f pl eas ur e o r pai n o r of dis
fee lings, ,
m y in d i vi d ua l m i n d a t so me o ne s ingle i n s ta n t it c ontai ns
, ,
t he v e r y m i n i m u m o f info r ma ti o n t he s ma ll es t por ti o n o f fa c t
,
s te p ha s be e n ta ke n bey o n d it We m us t ma ke a m arc h o f
.
ex per i en ce w e re ne ve r s o s ur e it is q u i te an ot he r qu e ,s tio n
m et h od of s u r m oun t i n g th e e r r or s a n d w ea k nes se s t h at c r o w d
i n at e v er y p o i n t of the o per a t i o n So i f pr ogr es s i n g s t ill i n .
,
t he co m p ass o f t he m at te r i nc l u d e d i n t he s ta te m en t u n d e r
di s cus s i on th e s u ppo s e d i n divid ua l t e ll s m e t h a t i n m e als o
,
w ou ld s uc c e e d i n me t he con s c i ou s ne ss of t he pl e a s u r a bl e s e n
s at i o n — t hi s i s to m e a r e a l an d s o lid d on a t i on
,
I t is k no w .
l edg e i a t he com pl e t es t a n d b es t s en s e o f t he te r m s ee in g ,
wh a t i n fa llibl e c o n s c io u s ne ss of h is ca n my fr i en d as s u r e me ,
o f w h a t i s to h a pp en i n m y c o n s c i ou s n e s s w hi c h ne v e r has ,
e v en e x pe r i e n ce d by mys el f i I fr eely gr a n t t h a t th e r e i s a n ,
a m pl e di s p o s it i on i n t he h u ma n m i n d to e x te n d i n t hi s w ay ,
a t a s i n gl e m o m e n t t o r e m o te pl a ces a n d t i me s bu t i n a d m i t
t i ng i t I i n c o mm o n w i t h t he g e ner a li t y o f m e n t h at h a v e
, ,
t h ough t on t he s ubj ec t h a v e t o d e pl or e i t as a w e ak n e s s an d
, ,
nes s i n t o m i ne is u n d e rs tood on ly by th os e th at h a v e l a r ge ly
,
w h a t e v e r e x t e n t a n a ffir m a t i o n i s w id e -r a ngi n g a n d fr u i t fu l i n
co n s e que n c e s to t h a t e x te n t d oes i t p as s o u t of t he s ph er e of
,
i s a n a to m (o r i f yo u will i t i s ze r o wh i c h i s t he co m m e n ce
, , ,
m e n t o f a s e r i e s ) whil e e v e r y s te p m ad e i n t h a t s e r i es i s a
,
p r e ca u ti o ns p os i t ive e r r o r ’
, .
m en ta l ph en om e na .
noc r nmes n e w on r ue a ur n oarr r o r c onsc ro us xs s s . 51
7
11 Now l
.et con s ide r for a m o m ent the na tur e of s om e
us
o r I s h ou ld r a t h e r s ay fi n a l
, Th e e x i s te n ce of a n E x ter n a l
, .
s e r i es of fe e li n gs — s en sa t i o n s ideas e m ot i ons , v o li t i on s ?
, ,
C e rt a i n ly n o t . Th e r e is a ma n i fes t e x te n s i on of the a c t u a l
cons c i o u s ness be y on d wh at i t ca n p oss ibly r e v ea l Th er e .
may b e go od g r o u n ds fo r b e li e vi n g t he d oc t r i n e a s t h e r e ,
a re for b e li e vi n g m a n y t hi n gs t h at p as s b e yo n d i m m e d ia t e
n i t ion of mi ne t h at s om e u n k no w n ca u s e is t he nec es sa r y
,
a n te c e d e n t of my s e n sa t i on s w hi c h ca u s e p e rs i s ts wh en
,
s u pp o s e d a genc y i s a n a s s u m pt i on be y o n d t h e p r e s e n t con
s c i o u s n es s v e r y n at u r a l a s h u ma n b e i ngs a r e co n s t i t u t e d bu t
, ,
v e r y fallibl e a s w e k n o w fr o m o t h e r t hi ngs I n na t e M o ra l
, .
s h o w h o w far s uc h a d o c tr i ne s te p s b ey on d a ny s i ngl e i mm e
of the ki n d ca ll e d m o ra l di s a pp ro ba t i o n m ay be t r ue enough ,
’
.
It i s qu i te a no th e r t hi ng to m a i n ta i n th at t h e r e is r e v e a l e d to
,
i n t he Br i t is h I s l es s ees t h at w e a r e an a bo r igi na l p o p u l at i on .
12 T o r e t ur n
. cas e of Fr eed o m A man m ay w e ll
to t he .
a no t h e r ac t i o n a n d s o on t h r ou gh the w h o l e s ph e r e of v o li t i on
, , .
t i m e an d r e l at e s e x a ct ly the e x pe r i e n ce of t h a t i n te r v al w e
, ,
s i mpl e o p er a t i o n t h e r e a re al r e ad y t w o d if
, fer ent o pen i n gs for
m i s ta k e H is e x pr es s i on e v en i n th a t s m all m atte r m ay n ot
.
, ,
t i ou s and h av e a m ot iv e for d ec e i vi ng us
, H o w t h en wh en .
,
a ff i r mi ng a ch a ra c t e r comm on to al l t he v o li t i on s of a l
lmen .
an i n t u i t i on a ny m or e t h a n t h e no t i on of t he d ou bl e d ece m
,
t i on of s e n t i en t be i ngs the s i t u a t i on of be i n g un l oo s e d fr o m
,
a n o v e r p o w e r i n g co m p u l s i on fr o m wi t h ou t as wh en t he d og i s ,
t h a n a th or o u ghly s u i ta bl e co m p ar i s on wh en a g rea t m u l t i t u d e ,
s y s t e ms of k no w l e dg e h a v e nu m e r ou s ba d co m pa r is on s an d ,
is m ea n t or can he m ea n t by m o ra l a genc y E ve r y a ni ma l .
a not h e r co m e s u n d e r t he d es ign a t i on
, Th e t iger ch as i ng and
.
is a mor a l a en t g I t w ou ld be w e ll i f t he s a m e w o r d w er e
.
t he ki n d ca ll e d by w r i ter s on Rh e t or i c m et on ym y wh e r e a
‘ ’
,
t hi n g i s n a me d by s o m e of i ts ca u s es e ffec ts o r a dj unc ts as , , ,
t e r m i n di s c u ss i on i s a que s t i on of ac cu s i n g t r yi n g an d , ,
wh er e the p r o pr i ety of p un i s hi ng i s di s pu te d ; as i n v er y
y oun g i n fant s the i nsa n e a n d t he phy s i ca lly in ca pabl e Th e r e
, , .
ar e h o w ev e r t w o v e r y di ffe r en t gr oun d s of o bj ec t i o n th a t m ay
, ,
w or ds , n o a mo un t of m ot ive c a n i n s t iga te s uc h a n a ct i on It .
One .
t h e i n a d m is s ibil i ty of p un i s h m en t So t oo a s ta t e of m i n d
.
, ,
s po k en e x cu s es t h e i n divid u alfr o m p un i s h m en t
, .
ta k e a w a y the li fe of y ou r s l a v e i f h e d oes n ot e x e r t hi m s e l f
bey on d t he po i n t of u t te r e x h a us ti on a n d y ou w i ll pr obably
,
t hi n g n ot n u ga t or y w h ene v e r t he a c t c a n be i n d u ce d by m or e
,
t he a ppli ca t i on of i t D ra co n i a n co d es an d ba r ba r o u s in flic
.
t i on s m ay a n s w er t h e ir en d t h e y m ay co n fi ne t h e ms e lv e s to
,
w h at me n h av e i t i n t h e ir p o w e r t o d o o r r efra i n fr o m w h en ,
5 22 Lrs a ar v u rn s ec ess rr v .
Th e v e x e d ques t i on of p un i sh a bili ty is r a i se d by ce r ta i n
for ms of i n sa n i ty I nt e ll ect u al d el us i on is t he one d ec is iv e
.
‘
m o ra l i nsa n i ty wh e r e t h e r e ar e i m p u ls es m o r bidly s t r o ng
, ,
m u s t be t r e at e d on t h e i r i n di vid ua l m e r i ts as t h ey occur ’ .
. r .
n o lon ger a ccoun t ble to m an f r his b eli ef o v er which h e has hims elf n o
a o ,
e , , s c .
fl ue n c e i t .
I Wha te ver
. b e tr ue of th e in te r n al co n victi on th e out war d pr ofes
ma y ,
o
tha t motiv e an d l ea d to their su ppr ess io n accor din gly I t is n ot ther efor e
, . , ,
Opin ion o r cons equen t pr oceedi n g can b e k ept down th e p ur pos e is fully
, , ,
s e r v ed .
th e s la ves o f cir cums ta n ces in the o pin io ns tha t th ey e nter t a i n u pon allsub
jec ts tha t d o n o t a ppeal di r ectly to th e sens es an d da ily ex per i en ce We us e .
i n an oth er cou n tr y a tota lly differ en t se t equa lly per si s ten t Seei ng th an . , ,
.
r B E LIEF .
1 T
will be rea d ily ad mitte d tha t the sta te of m i nd c a ll ed
I
.
or i m p o r t o f it i s s u c h as t o pl ac e it u n d er t he r e gi o n o f t he
vi a tes a p a i n or n u rs e s a pl eas u r e
, H er e th er e is no place .
s o l u ti o n or d es ir e
, The fe e li n g th a t i s the e n d p ro mpts at
.
, , ,
be . C irc um s ta n c es ar i s e h o we v er t o pr e ve n t this i m me di a te
, ,
a n a pp r o p r i a te m o v e me n t fo r re li e vin g it o n th e i n s ta n t, a n d
a c ti n g bu t t her e w ou ld be no pl a c e for be li e vi n g
,
W he n I .
th i r s t I perfo r m a v o l u n ta r y ac t i n whi c h b e li e f m ig ht by a
,
w o ul d be give n to d e libe r a ti on .
e n do w m e n t tha t w o u l d p ro vok e m e to li ft a c u p o f li q u i d to
m y m ou th or th a t w o u l d i ns pi r e t he thi r s ty a n i ma l to ru n to
,
t he b r oo k Th es e mo v e m en ts mu s t be s us ta i ne d by so methi ng
.
e l se t han t h e fee li ng o f p a i n r e li e ve d fo r as ye t no s u c h fe e l ,
i ng co m es o f th e m Th a t so me thing w h ic h k ee ps the en e r gy
.
n a tu re bu t a r i s i ng mo re o r l ess as a r e s u lt o f e x pe r i e nc e
, In .
t
des ign ate it by i s Be li e f The p r i mc n lial fo r m o f be lie f i s
.
e x p ec ta ti on o f so m e c o nti n ge n t fu tu re a bo u t to fo l lo w on ou r
a c ti on . IVl i ere ve r a n y c rea t ur e is fo u n d pe r fo r m i n g a n ac ti on ,
wo r l d I n u s in g m ea ns t o a ny e n d w e pr o c ee d u pon t he ,
m e n a a n d w e ar e sa id to ha ve a t r us t c o n fi dence o r fa ith i n
, , , ,
, ,
Still i n tha t
, s a e oft t
v as s al a e th ere is a ge nu in e di s pl a y of
g
,
a n i ma l c o u l d n o t e m pl o y t h e s ma ll es t ite m of med i a ti on i n
t h e a c c o m pl i s h m e n t o f i t s e nd s Bu t it is po ss ibl e to r es tr ic t
.
m om e n t re ca lli n g t o m i nd p as t oc c as i o n s o f dr i n ki ng fr o m
,
r e m i n i s c e nc e o r i d ea t o p u t fo r th i n te llige n c e w itho u t t he
, ,
o f l an g ua ge t he c ou pli ng o f t he n a me
, with the l oc a l h abi
te ti c a give s a dis ti n c t e x is ten c e to th ose e x per i en c es of te r
r e s t r ial p h e no m ena a n d they be c o me a s u bj ec t of m en ta l
,
s p eec h d e v o te d to t he e xp re s s i on o f b e li ef th a t is to sa y th e , ,
i
c en t fo r the gu i dan ce o f s uc h ac tion s as i nvo lve th em .
n ess the r e fo r e , a n d t he fu t u re o f al
, lth ose i n te res ts t ha t enga ge
o ur s y mpa thy — be li e f, wh en t he as s u r anc e o f good i n t h e
,
2 r.
5 30 BELI EF .
i n t he c o n diti o n o f c e r ta i n ty c o n vi c ti o n or fa ith a n d I d er iv e
, , ,
m i n d is n ot d is be li e f bu t d oubt u nce r ta i n ty ; a nd t he c lo se
, ,
bu t th a t t he s it u a ti on ca ll e d u n ce rt a i n ty igno r a nc e , h es ita ti on
, ,
o f it ma y be t o a grea t e x te n t d i sc r i m i na te d by an a ly s is an d ,
s iognomy .
t he b a u lki n o f s o m e e n d s ought a l
g
t e r with mo re o r l es s
ear n es tn ess A n u nce r ta i n ty as to t h e m ea ns is to sa y the l eas t
.
,
o f it ta n ta mou nt to fa ilin g i n t he e
, nd We may go e ve n
.
,
53 2 s sm r .
a pt to a r i se a fl us h o f e la ti on a t t he co ns c i o u s n ess o f be i n g
h er e i n co n ta i ned to r e nd e r t he c o n d iti o n a gr e a t m or al po we r
i n t he h u man m i n d and to acco u n t for a l
, lth o s e won d er fu l
e fiec t s s o o fte n a ttr ib u te d t o it i n t he m any for m s of i ts
'
ma n i fes ta ti on .
c om i ng go o d as a n o bj ec t of c on fidenc e Le t us no w a dv er t
.
a fu t u r e e vil i s be lie ve d as c e r t a in w e d i s pl a y as m u c h e n e r gy
,
t he m or e t ho ro u gh ly w e ar e po ss es s ed with th a t i d ea th e ,
a n d t he d e p r ess io n a re m uc h d ee p er wh e n t h e e vil is on e ,
a pp r o ac hi n g o u rs e lves an d be li e v e d to be c e r ta i n to o v er ta k e
,
'
I h e grea te r t he be li ef now th e g rea te r t he m is e r y ; d o u bt i s
,
to t h e vid en c e w ou ld be
e The c o mfo rt abl e cond iti o n of
.
o n e s e n s e d o u bt i s p a i n fu l e ve n in t he m a tte r o f fu tu r e e vil
, ,
na m e ly wh e n it p ar a ly s es ac ti on
, The re is s o m e ti mes a .
c o mfor t as c o mm on ly r e mar k e d i n k no wi n g t h e w or s t ; t h e
, ,
s ta te o f J oy i s i n its e l f o n e o f o ur ha ppy ph as es o f mi n d
, , ,
fo r o th er pleas u res a nd a n a id to t he ma in te na nc e o f t he co n
,
t h e m i n d t he grea te r i s th e i n fl u e nc e
, Bu t h e re a ls o t h e .
,
w ou l d be l ess d is pi r iti ng .
ala r m ; a n d i f t he as s u ra n ce a mo u n ts to ce r ta i n ty so mu c h ,
t he wo r se .
T he m i n d d e p r es s e d fi n ds it h a r d to be li e v e i n c omi ng
goo d a nd eas y to be c on vi nce d o f c o m i n g e vil Suc h is t he
, .
sa ng u i n e a n d t he j o y fu l
,
c e rt a i n na t ur a l c o nj u n c ti o n w as r e li e d u po n i n t he e mpl oymen t
s u c h a be li e f i s e x p e r ien ce o f t he v ar i o us co nj un c tio n s so
,
t r u s ted to Un le ss it c ou l d be s ho w n th a t th e re ar e s o me
. ,
no w ay o f r i s i ng to t he pl a t fo r m o f k no wl ed ge an d be li ef ,
o f i ns tr u c ti on a n d g u i d a n c e by thos e tha t h a v e o n e be fo r e us
g ,
5 36 B ELIEF .
t o h a v e te r m i n a te d t he s ta te of s uffe r i n g d ue t o thi r s t A ll .
na tu r a l co nj un c ti o n no w c ite d foll o w s u p t h e l ea d o f t he fe w
,
c o n ne x ion s uc h as to r e n de r t h e o n e a su re i n d i ca ti o n o f t he
,
’
gr ea t bu t withou t a ttac hing any c red it to the pr o po si ti on
,
m um vs r s s ns ncms . 5 37
of in fl u e n c es .
fir s t la w of M oti on in M ec ha n ics Ou r fi rs t e x pe r i en ce s a re to
.
u s d ec is ive a n d w e go o n u n d er th em to al
, l l e ngth s be in g ,
ar r es te d on ly by s om e fa il ur e o r co n tr a d ic ti o n Ha vi n g i n
.
e x p er i en ce gives u s an d ac c e pt t he i n d i ca ti on with t h e wh o l e
,
so meh o w a n a n im al a c c e pts a ny l ea d th a t i s p r e s en te d a n d i f
. , ,
mea ns as w e ll as to th e fr u iti on o f e n ds ; so th at th er e i s c o n
ta in ed , i n the fu n da m en ta l p r o per ti es o f t he will a so u r c e o f ,
t he e n d o n t he fir s t e xp er im e nt Th us t he te nde nc y to ac t
.
g
e n c ou ra em e n t is th er e be a t otal ab se nce of ill
pr ese n t . an d
is t h e m in d s o w n ac tiv e d et e r m i na ti o n fi n d i ng so m e de fi n ite
’
re n c e o f so m e c h ec k fa il u re or co ntr ad i c ti on
, , .
N ot o nly do w e e x pe ct th a t wh a t i s will r em a i n bu t w e co n ,
cl u d e th at o th er pl ac es and ti m es m us t r es e mbl e o ur o w n It .
d r iven ou t of thi s o v er -va u l tin g pos itio n a fter the se ver e fi nd i ngs
o f co n t ra r y fac ts So un d be li e f i ns tea d o f be i ng a p ac ific
.
,
s t ro n gh o l ds t he c on qu e r in g o fa c o u n tr y i n h os tile o c c u pa ti on
, .
o p en to c or rec tio n an d r e ma i ni ng to t he l
. as t as po r tion s o f
o ur c reed .
n o p r i or in va r i abl e a n te c ed en t w as di s c er n ibl e A j u s t ex pe .
so th er e w ou ld a r is e a fa i r p r e s u m pti on tha t t h e e x i s te n c e o f
,
an te c ed en ts to ph en o me n a or e v e n ts w as th e r u l e an d th at ,
th e or ig i n of it is th e re fo r e so m e i n tu iti on or i ns tin c t T he .
n o ti o n al
,
r ea dy c o mm en te d u po n th a t mi nd m us t n eed s be t he
,
a n i m als o w n v olition
’
This is to u s the mos t c o n c e iva bl e o f
.
e v e r yw h e r e and o ve r al
,
lki n ds o f e ffec ts Th ere is n o be tte r .
a u th or ity fo r t h e as s u m pti on th a n fo r t h e be li ef th a t o t h er
m in ds ar e i n al l r es pe c ts li k e o u r o w n or tha t w a te r w h i c h , ,
is li qu i d to t he d we ll e r i n the tr o pi cs is li q ui d e v er yw h ere e ls e
, .
on t he s ubj ec t o f t he gr ow th o f co n vi c ti o n fro m E ap er tm ce ,
i m press io n o f c o -e x i s te nc e o r se qu ence s u c h as t he co i n ,
the c o nc id e nc e . I do n ot k no w a ny p u re ly i n te l l ec tua l p r o
p er t y th a t wo u ld giv e to an assoc ia te d co u ple t he c har ac te r
of a n ar ti c l e o f bel i e f ; bu t the re i s th a t i n th e v ol iti ona l
p ro mptin gs whic h se izes h old o f a ny i n d ica tio n l ead i ng to an
e n d a n d abid es by s u c h i n s t r u m e n ta l
,
ity if it is fo u n d to
a ns w er . N ay m o re th e re is the te nde nc y to go bey on d t he
,
a c t u ale x pe r i e n c e a nd no t to d e s is t u n t il t h e oc c ur re n c e of a
,
fa r the r . We fi nd a fte r m ay t r i a ls th a t th e re is s u c h a
, ,
c u t d ow n a tr e e and p u t a p or tion of it i n to w a te r o bs er vi ng
, .
co m m en c i ng c h a pte r o f th is v o l u m e I s po k e o f t h e ma tte r ,
a s u cc es s fu l e n te r pr i se j us t ac hi e v ed w e a r e a pt to ha v e a ,
u n d e r s o m e m i sc ar r i a e o r fa il ur e The fac t as to a m an s
’
g .
o f th e fee li ngs to c o n t ro l t h e i n te ll e c tu a l t ra i ns or to d e te r mi n e ,
t he c o n c l us i on s s u pp os e d I n thi n gs o f e x p e r i me n ta l i n du c
.
,
, th er e is no
r o o m fo r t he i n fl ue n ce o f fl uc t ua ti ng s ta tes o f fe el in g U n der .
o f t he fu t ur e ca n no t be ha d w e a r e a t t he m e rc y n ot m er e ly , ,
q t
an ad e ua e e x pa n s o n i to the bjec t in this pla ce E v ybod y ad mits tha t
su . er
o ur o nly p t i ca l sa f ty i n t h Op r a ti
rac e o f li fe li es in o r c lose adher e c e
e o ns e, u n
to w ha t w fi d w h n w e ma k t h e e pe r i m e t ; an d s ur ely th is c ir c ums ta n ce
e n e e x n
an d w e d ec i d e th e m d i f fe r en tly at d i fle re n t ti m es ac c o r di ng t o
'
’
e n c e to m en s fee li n gs th e an ti c ip a ti on of wh a t i s lik e ly t o
'
anc es A po l
. itic al d i ffi c u lty has passe d a w ay t he fun ds r is e in
,
co n se q u en c e
, A d is tr es s in g s ym pto m h as c eas ed in a p ati en t ;
t he ho pes th ere u p on p re do m in a te But w hen t h e s p ec u la to r
.
ca us e i s s o m e v ar i a ti o n i n h is o w n te mp er of m i n d o r m an ner ,
l ow or th e c on t ra r y a s u dd en in s pi r a ti o n o f es te e m or dis li ke
,
,
to s om e M in is te r o r per s on in p o w er a n acc i de n ta l s tr o ke o f
,
o th er c a u s es a re a bl e to mod i fy t h e es ti ma te th a t a pe rs on
,
as pec t o f t he fu t u re if th e re be a n age nc y c a pa bl e of m a ki n g
,
to r e pe a t th e i ns ta n c es o f l o ve bl i nd i ng u s to the de fe c ts or ,
2M
5 46 s su s r .
a fee li ng t
s r on gly occ u pi es th e m i nd the obj ec ts i n h ar mo n y
,
w ith it a re m a i n ta i n e d i n t he vi e w a n d a l lo th ers r e pe ll e d
,
o th er w i se c o me for w a r d r em a i n s i n
, obli vi on E mo tio n .
aga i n t he a n tith es is be tw ee n be li e f a n d t h e c o n di ti o n o f F ea r .
ho t an d c o ld fi re a n d w a te r or ac i d an d a l
, , k a li As w e .
fear . It is di ffi c u lt t o h a ve a s tr on g as s u r a nc e o f an y mer e ly
pr obabl e goo d for tu n e u nder t he c ond itio n o f al ar m, and o n
t he o th er h an d i n a to n e o f high co n fi den c e w e d o n o t give
, ,
w ay e v en to p r ob a bl e e vi l Th e r e i s th us a c l os e al lia nc e
b etween c o u r age t he a n tithes is o f fea r an d co n fi den ce I n a
, , .
c ou r ag eou s m oo d w e ar e a pt to be a f
, fec te d i n bo th the w a ys
c h arac te r i s ti c o f b el i ef th at is t o sa y w e go for wa r d in to ,
o f th e u n k no w n ; l et t he s y s te m s i n k d o wn to ner v o us an d
an d Fe e li ng The nat u re o f t he s u bj ec t a nd t he c h ar a c te r o f
.
,
a n d e mo tio n i n v a r yi n g d eg re es
,
We ar e d i s pos ed to ac ce pt
.
a s t r u e i n t he fi rs t i n s ta nc e w h a te v er w e ar e told to ac t u po n ,
s ta nces th a t l en d i mp res s iv e n e ss t o a s p ea k e r a n d re nd er t h e ,
t ion alas c e n da nc y .
i n te ns e l o ng in g an d s u c h i s t he r es ul
, t i n a m in d not s tro ngly
dis c iplin e d to h un t ou t alls i de s o f a qu es ti on i n s pite o f t he ,
e la te d.
n o thi ng of t he n a tu re o f a c on vi c ti on Wh en an e vent .
sa m e a r do u r as w e pe r fo r m any v ol un tar y ac t u n d er i mm e
cei vi ng a h o li d a y H e m ay a ll o w hims el
. f to fall in to th e
s ta te of d es i re with i m agi nar y gr a tifica ti o n an d r eh ea r s e i n ,
s tro ng d es i re a n d t h e sa n gu i n e te mp e r m a y m a k e u p t o him
po we r o f be li e f .
j o yo us e l ation L ik e w i s e as t h e j o yfu l m o od a l r ea dy in
.
, ,
e x i s te n c e , d i s po s es t o th a t c o n fi d enc e o f go od on t h e w a y
r e l a te d to d e s po n d e n c y on ly as be i n g a d e pr e ss i ng a ge nc y
, .
t he fou n ta i ns o f h u ma n fe e li ng a nd i s i n fac t c h e r i s h ed 8 8
, , ,
fu t u r e bl e s s ed n es s N e v e r t heless t he c u lt ur e o f s t ro ng fe e li n gs
. .
n es s o f t he c r iter i o n th a t I h a ve i ns i s te d on th ro u gh ou t thi s
n oti on i s c er t a in ly p r es en t
. Su c h i s the ac c e pta n ce th a t t he
u n thi n ki n g m u ltitu d e give t o th e s ta te men ts a bo u t thi ngs
o f be li e f i f I m a i n ta i n th a t s u ppo s i n g Si r i u s a s ph er e h is c ir
, , ,
o f m i ne i s s till m eas u r e d by a c ti o n
, M y c on vi c ti on of t he
.
af fa i rs as I m ay h a ve a ny ba n d i n H er e t he c r ite r i o n o f
.
ac tion is u ne qu iv oca l Bu t s u pp os i ng I m ak e n o s u c h ap pl
. i
ca ti on o f th es e r ec or d ed e ve n t s I m a s ti lls h o w my b e li e f in
, y
th e m by ac ti ng u po n p r ec i se ly the same ki n d o f e vi den ce
n a m e ly th a t o f t es ti mo n y p rese r v ed b wr itte n d oc u m e n t s
, y
with r egar d to r e cen t e ve n ts I r ead t he his to r y of N apoleo n s
.
’
n o t ta k e a ny p r oc ee d i n gs th e re u po n .
24 The l as t c as e to be no ti ce d is t he bel ie f i n ou r o w n
.
c a n no t h a v e a s e n s a ti on with ou t b e li e vi n g t ha t I h a ve t ha t
an d no t to i n Vo l ve a ny ac tio n I n po i n t o f fac t ho w e v er w e
.
, ,
a re co ns ta n tly ac ti ng u po n o u r s ens a ti o ns as wh en w e a v o i d ,
t he p a i n fu l a n d c he r i s h t he pl eas u ra bl e Th e Sp ec ta to r r e li es
.
u p o n my ac ti ons as t he s u res t e vi de nc e o f m y s e n sa ti o n s If .
a h a ll uc i n a ti o n i n a ny o t he r w a y tha n by a c o u rs e o f vo l u n ta r y
,
e x e r tion c o rr es po n d i n g to t h e s u pp os ed s e n s a ti o n A n d w he n .
as ge nu i n e i f I fe e l i n t he sa m e w ay to it as I d o to wa r ds
,
I y es te r da y ra n u p aga i n s t a w a ll to k ee p o u t o f the w ay o f a
ca r r i age . I h a v e n o d i s po s itio n to d o a nyth in g in c o ns eq u en c e
o f th a t c on vi c tio n
yet I c a ll it a c o n vi c ti o n an d no t a mere ,
n otio n be ca u s e I a m a f
, fe c te d by it i n the sa m e w ay as I am
by a no th e r r e co lle tio n th a t I do ac t u po n I fee l th at if
c
.
s till a r e fe re nc e t o ac ti o n m or e o r l ess r e mo te
,
.
5 56 cos sc rousns s s .
sc i ou s n es s .
be i ng e xa lte d in to un us u al e n er gy I m ay be v er y la ngu id
, . ,
c o r r es p on d to t h e m e n ta l d ep ar t men t
of Fe e li ng .
e v er s til
, l be tte r d es c r i be d by th e o th er te r ms in atte n tive a n d ,
atte n tive o bs e r va n t n o ti c in g an d t he li k e
, ,
With refer e n c e
, .
Fl em in g s Vocabul
'
a r y of Philos op hy, A r t Co nsci ou ness
s
’
. .
i n qu es tio n .
does n ot s tr ike u s an d so on , .
o bj ec tivity s us pe n ds o r ar r e s ts to a ce r ta i n d egree t h e s tr ea m
, ,
a tt r ib u ted to N e wto n w ho in t he d e mo n s t r a ti o ns o f t he
, ,
e x pr es s ef for t of s tu d y In th a t l as t c o ns u mma ti on of t he
.
cou n t a nt .
O ne m an ac ts ou t s pon ta n eo us and u n th i nk i ng im
p uls es , c are l es s a n d headles s o f t he r es u lt o r the manner o f ,
a n d ga z e s tea dily u p on th a t wi th i n te n t to s tr ik e it I m ay be ,
sa id to be more c o n s c i ou s If i n a d d ition , I ha v e i n m y
.
,
s er van t o f m y o w n m o ti o n s a n d po s tu r es I a m th e n mos t ,
c o ns c i o u s o f a l l It i s a p rac ti c e o f so me wr iters to la vi s h
.
t ione d i n t he fo r e go i ng p a r ag ra ph , to b egi n i n t he o n e p r e d i
c a m e n t a n d e n d i n t he o th er ; a n d to s t ig ma ti ze a r ec ru it at
,
’
his fi rs t day s d r ill beca us e he is i n te ns e ly c onsc io us is m er e
, ,
c hil d i s h a bs u r d ity .
, , , ,
5 60 c oxs c rous xs s s .
is t he s t ro ng i ns ti n c tive te n de n c y o f o u r n a tu re to be li e ve a
n um b er o f t h i n gs , b efo r e w e h a ve g one th r ough a ny l ar ge
‘
te a c hi ngs o f e x per i ence The belie v ing fun c tion is a pr o
.
i n gr ea t p ro fus i on ; I o n ly r e fu se to th e m v a li d ity c er ta i n ty , ,
h a vi ng ta k en plac e The c on n e x i o n of t he t w o m ea n i n gs i s
.
a n e x plica ble on e ,
for i n o r der to an abi d i n g and futu r e
i mpr e ss ion o f an obj ec t it i s n ec ess a ry th a t t he fi rs t i mpr e s
,
t he w a ki ng m i n d fo r a ce r ta i n ti m e If a s ou n d fa lls u n h eed e d
.
n e ga tive or un c on s c i o us nes s
,
The ac t o f a tte n d i ng as aga i ns t
.
u n th in ki ng im p uls e i s r ea lly a b ra nc h o f t h e sa me m ea ni n g
, ,
mi n d is w a k e n ed u p i n a gr ea te r n u m b er o f d ir ec tio ns ; t he
br a i n is m or e h ea vily tax ed a n d the i deas tha t re ma in will ,
l ife is co ns i de re d to r i s e o r fa ll i n d egr ee .
2N
56 2 c ouscrous s s s s
a mo m en t o f i n te n se o bj ec tivity as i n a i m i ng a bl o w or i n ,
A r e w e c o n s c io u s in a ny s h a pe w h e n e ng ag ed ex c l us ive ly u po n
t he obj ec t w or ld ? It see ms to m e th a t w e a re an d I h a v e ,
e l e men ts o f t he s u bj e c t-c on sc i ou s n e s s .
The o n ly o th er i m po r ta n t r es t r i c ti on of t he mean in g o f
t h e w or d c ons c i ou s nes s i s the e m pl o ym e n t o f it t o s ign i fy
Be li e f Mos t d i sas t rou s h ave b een t he e ffe c ts o f this lim ita
.
t he h u m an m i nd e vo lves be li e fs o f i ts o w n ac c or d with o u t re fe
re nce to or i n a n ti c ipa ti o n o f a c t ua l tr ia l (whic h i s v er y tru e )
, ,
whi c h i s a
d i ffere n t pr o po s iti on n o w a y a d m i s s ibl e The t er m c onsc i o us
, .
c ern h u ma n kn o wl edg e be li e f a n d c er ta i n ty
, ,(See a ls o A p .
pe n d i x D ) , .
a s r e ga r d s t h e i n te ll ec t whi c h s h o ul d by n o m e an s be om itte d
,
t h a t k ee p t he m i n d aliv e to in te ll ec tu a l i mp r es s i ons , an d
d ee pe n t he s tam p of th e m for after ti m e s t he s ta te n ow
be fo re u s h as t he v er y s a me po wer A n obj ec t tha t can s tr ik e .
obj e c ts .
o f p ers on s ga zi ng on a n e w s ta r Th ey w er e ar r este d an d
.
d e ta i ne d by t he e mo ti o n o f su r p r i se ; th ey co uld n o t qu it th e
th i ng th a t had s o p ower ft w ak ened th e i r a tten ti on We .
ca n n o t s ay wh e th er th e y w er e p a i n e d or pl eas e d ; they m ay
co gni s in g E xte ns io n F o rc e a n d t he o th er a tt r ib u te s o f t he
, ,
6 The
.gr a va men o f the pr ese n t s ubj ec t c en tr es i n the i n
te l
lec t ualas p ec t of c on s c i ou s ness Th er e is a g rea t t ra n s iti on .
h an d t he co m m on gr ou n dwor k a n d on t he o th er t he s pe c i a l
, , , ,
p l a us ibili ty tha t s char ac ter ist ic for m o f consc io usn ess sh oul d a ttac h to Vo li
,
d es ire an d th e o p posi te
,
Ther e ar e fu rt h er s t tes o f ex c i tem en t a n d oc cu
, , a
i dea l ex er t i on .
5 66 c os scrouss s ss .
to s h a de gr ad ua lly or wh er e i s th e a br u pt se pa r a ti on on the
,
7 A s m or e
. th an on ce ex pr es s ly sta ted i n fo r mer par ts of
o u r e x p o s iti o n (I N TE LLECT I n tro d u c ti on ) t h e bas i s o r fu n d a
,
m er e ac c i d en ts an d n o t esse n ti al s
,
The fac t th a t I a m dif
.
i ngl m a b e sa id to be c o nsc i o u s T h e po i n t i s t o co n n ec t if
y y . ,
ity is
bil de vel oped t i m pres s ion is th us to t he
A c ons a n t ,
m i n d t he sa me a s a bl a n k
, Ou r pa r ti al u n co ns c i o u s n e ss as
.
to o u r c l o thi ng i s c o n n ec te d with t he c o n s ta nc y o f t he o bj ec t .
to the c on tac t I f th e r e we re so m e o n e so u n d o f u n va r yi n g
.
fi rs t mo men t o f li fe to the l as t w e s h ou l d be as u nc o ns c i ou s ,
o f t he e x is te n ce o f tha t i n fl u e n c e as w e ar e o f t h e p ress u re o f
s io n m ad e by it E x ce pt u n de r s pe c i a l c i rc u ms t an ces w e a r e
.
,
pre ven ts the posd bil i ty o f a n y con sc i usn ess gro w i n g ou t o f re s p ir a to r y a c tio n
o
i n th e man n er f m ili ar to us
a A ga i th e fi h es i n the t r o pi cal sons ar e
. n, s
s ens ib i lity l
et us see h ow w e ar e lik ely to be affec te d i n
,
e . r ,
sur es o f ex er c i se d o no t need to be pr e ed ed by pa i n ; it is ug h th at th er e c en o
c la s s w e m ight ha ve a li fe o f enioymen t w i th
, t pai n ; although in fac t t he ou , ,
o a e ,
s uffer i g ; th is is th e case in al
n lpr o ba bility w i th th e maj or i t y o f h ea lth y
, ,
t h e pa i s o f c h il
n ln ess pr epo der ate Ther e is sti ll an th er c lass o f our d li ghts
n . o e
mi er y The pleasur able sens a ti on o f good h ea lth presu ppos es the o pposi te
s .
i ns tr umenta li ty for wor king u t man y enj o ymen ts of its el f giv es no sens ation
o , .
5 70 c oxsc rousxs s s .
m uc h th e c har ac te r of
a n eu tr a l e mo tio n ? We cann ot well
r e gar d t h e s u d d en st ro k e as a m e re agita ti o n o f a li m ite d
th e i nte ll ec t ua l I n t he s h oc k o f an im p ress i o n of se n se as
.
,
i n t h e s h oc k o f an o bj e c t o f e mo tion p ro per th er e i s a t fi rs t ,
th e n a t ure o f ch a nge th ri l ls th ro u gh th e b ra i n as a k in d o f
surp ri se A fte r a certa in e x po s u re to t he light th e sudd en
.
,
withd ra wa l of it i s a n ew c h an ge an d a n e w sur p r i se T h e
, .
e x i s ti n g to a n e w c on diti on of t h e m i nd may n o t b e v e ry
,
t h ro u gh t he cere b ra l s ys te nr ’ .
o nc e a d v e rte d t o of t h e e mo ti o n a l an d th e i nte l
, l ec t ual an d to ,
a p r i or-f co ns id e ra ti on b u t on a n i n d u c ti o n fr o m fac ts T h e re
, .
Th e de vo ti on of th e mi nd to in ce ssan t pl easure an d th e i n c u m ,
a co nfi r ma t i o n of th e p re vi o us d oc t rin e o f th e co mmo n e mo
t i onalb as is For why s h ou ld th e tw o s ta tes he t o a certa i n
.
m in d, or is a consci ous ‘
efiec t, bu t hort a ti m e as to be
so fee bly and for so s
fin al in difie r en tis m that in difier en ti sm s till re tai n in g th e s ubs tan tia lity o f
'
,
'
5 74 c os sc rous s s ss .
t he o th e r h an d , wh e n th e co nsc io us n e ss i s n ot a w ak e ex c e pt ,
0 While admittin g that both pleas ure pai n ha ve a certain i ntellec tual
an d
e v en a neu tra l ex ci te men t ma y someti mes s ta n d apar t fro m th e disc r i min ati ve
able in the lon g r u n for th e s to r ing up of di ffer ences (and resemblances ) than
, ,
m akes shou ld si m ply s usta i n the c u rren ts be l on gin g to tha t impr ess ion st op ,
m in d a ll th e whil e be in g wha t would be ter me d per fec tly coo l The sti r r in g .
or disagree a bl e a nd y e t th ey w a k e n a n d occu py th e m en ta l
,
l ect ual co n sc io us n es s ‘ .
I n t he high e r i n te ll ec t ua l ed uc a ti on m uc h of th e acqui re d ,
haps the c ro wn in g ins tan ce o f dis c ri min ative sen s ibili ty namely the hr inp ng , ,
'
o t of di f
u f r c e be tw e en i m pr es s i o on the righ t han d an d one on th e
ee n an n ,
di tin c t o rigi n and tr an m iss i o thro ugh se parate nerv es ena bles th em to
s s n ,
sus pen d se par ate tr ains o f as soc ia ti n an d by this m eans w e l oc a lize th e dif o ,
differ enc e made pa ten t by su bseq uen t as s oc iati ons At first th e common say .
,
n o t be poss ibl e wi t h t a c es-ta in independen c e an d sepa ra teu ees ofthe ner ves
ou
,
uni ty o f the m tal shoc k yet main tain an a vailable distin c tn ess accor di ng
en ,
n o di s ti n c ti o n be tw ee n tw o arg u m e n ts co m i ng u nd e r di f fe re n t
m oo d s an d figures or b etw een a t ru th arr iv e d a t d ed uctiv ely
,
t iv e fo rm s n o ti o n s a nd i ma e ry to be co nn ec te d by t h e
, ,
g
,
i ng n ot i on u nd e r t he pl as ti c p ro p e rty o f th e m i n d i s the
. ,
e x po s i t i on o f t he La w of S i mil ari t y th at t he di s co v e ry o f
,
b u t i t does s u rp ri s e us t o go a w ay i n to a re mo te pl ace wh e re ,
o f e x pe c ta ti o n a n d a vi o l e n t sur p r i se on e n co u n te ri ng n a k e d
17 H avi ng p re m i s e d th us m u c h w e h a v e n e x t to s tu dy
. ,
ro u s e s us to t he p e rc ep ti o n or i m p ress i on of t ee m in g p ro
p a rt i es a nd u n i fo r m l a w among n at ura l th i ngs Th e re i s a
, .
r al i ties a nd co mp re h e ns iv e u n ity of pl an
, .
19 A se n sa ti o n i s u nd e r any vi e w o f it a co ns c i ou s
.
, ,
i n o n e w a y a s di s c r i m i na ti o n w e are c o n sc io u s i n th e o t h er
, ,
se e or h ea r o r to u c h o r m o v e th a t wh a t co m es be fo re u s
, , , ,
Fo r exa m pl e i f I h a ve b e fo re me t w o sh ad e s of co l o ur in ste a d
, ,
a w ro ng id e n tifi c ati on to be gi n wi t h my c o n c l us i o n w ou ld be ,
o f re d nes s ora n ge bl u e o f th e so u n d o f a he l
, , , lo r a v o i c e ,
of th e t ouc h of marble or th e tas te o f a p ea c h be in g i n
, ,
2 1 T h e te n d en cy to rec k o n pe r cepti on a l
. arger me n t al
p ro d uc t th a n se n sa ti o n i s s till be t te r see n i n ano th e r o f i ts
,
ca n h a v e n o pa rt Th a t no ti on i s d er i v e d th ro u gh oth e r parts
.
s e n sa ti o n m a y ex te n d to t he m i n d s co n t rib u ti o n fro m th e
'
“
e x ter na l and i n d e pe n d e n t ma t eri a l w o rld Wh at i s h e re sa id .
23 I t
. i s a p robl e m of n o sm all di ffi cu lty an d n o light ,
The t p he re made may be desc ribe d thus I o bser ve d abo ve that the
s e .
,
, ,
w or d per c e pti o n .
58 6 c onsc rous mcs s .
s c io u s ness i s t h e bl a n k o f k no wl e dge
o pi ni o n s ,
t he o n e a fli r m ing t h a t all kn o wle dge i s d e ri v e d
t h ro u gh s en sa t i o n th e oth e r tha t t h e m in d itse l f co n t rib u te s a
,
n o t be di ffi cu lt to ma i n ta in exc l u de mo v em en t and w e re n d er ,
i t wh o ll y u nt e n abl e .
n a t ure of it a t any s t ag e
,
N o w m o s t tha t h as bee n a bo v e
.
,
t h e i n fa n t eye o pe n e d u po n t h e o u te r w or l d
, The c hild may .
be sa id to fe e l or be co ns c ious o f al
, lth at en te rs t he e ye o r
,
n es s , i n or d er t o fo r m a n y por ti on o f th is i n to k n o wl edge Th e .
vi e w 8m mu s t s u per ve n e u po n m er e d is c r i m i n a tiv e co ns c i ou s
, ,
n e s s b e for e k no w l e dge c o mm e nc es
,
The c o gn itive pr o ces s i s
.
e sse n t ia lly a p r oc es s o f se l e c ti o n as t he m i n d i s m o v ed to
,
s p e c ia l or m o n o p o liz ed c on sc iou s n e ss o f c e r ta i n po r ti o ns o f
, ,
ea r i n t he gen era l d i n o f th e el e m e n ts a bo ve a n d th e bu s tl e ,
o f h u m an b e i n gs b e n e a th a n d ar o u n d o n ly a v er y fe w e ve r ,
The a r ti c u l a te v o i c es t he s ou n ds th a t be to k e n h u m an p ur
,
bu zz of the i ns ec t or th e r u s h of t he r iv ul e t It wou l d
, .
a ppe ar i n fac t th at d i f
, ,fere n t m i nd s h av e a d i ffer e n t mo tiv e o f
s e l ec t i on o u t o f t he co u n tl e ss m u ltit u de o f i m p ress i o n s th a t
w e ar e al la lik e o pen to It is th er e fore a ma ter i a l c o ns id e
.
, ,
i ng atten ti on as s o m e th i ng o v e r a n d a b o v e d i s i n ter e s te d a n d
,
r en ce th a t m ak es u s v a r i o u s ly s u s c e ptibl e to di f fe r e n t m o v e
m en ts tas tes o dou r s to u c h es so u nd s s igh ts a nd emo ti on s
, , , , , , ,
th e r e a re n ee ded s om e gr ea t i ne qu alities i n t he s ur pr is es th a t
c o m e u po n u s fro m so m a n y s i d es to d e te r m i n e t h e oc c u p a tio n
,
o f t he m i n d with s o m e d e c i de d p r e fe r e n c es s o th a t w h il e five .
h u n d re d s ta rs ar e p ai n ted on t he r e ti na only t w o o r th re e a r e ,
i ts t ra i n s o f th ought an d i mage r y .
m i n e s pe c i a l c ons c i ou s ne ss ; i t is fu r th er n ecess a r y to a ffi r m ,
th a t th e c i r c u ms t an c es i m pli ed u n de r th e m ar e es s e n ti a l t o
t he v e r y n a t u re o f k n o wl edge We k no w only r el a tio ns a n .
w a y by o n e
go i n g a w y an d th e o th r com i g a I f th e t w o fac m m de a n
, e n . a
o r to u c h i s n o t to k n o w a n yt hi ng i n t he p ro pe r s e ns e o f t h e
,
w o r d ; k no wl edge be gi ns wh e n w e r ec og n is e o th e r thi n gs in
,
t he w a y o f c o m pa r i s o n with t he o ne M y k n o wl ed ge o f .
r e d n e s s i s m y co mp a r is on o f th is o ne s en s a ti on with a n u mbe r
t he s e c o m pa r i so n s I e x te n d th a t k n o wl edge
, A n ab s o l u te .
r e d n e ss p e r as lik e a n u n va r yi n g p ress u r e w ou ld es ca p e c og
, ,
w e s hou l d n o t be sa i d t o h a v e a ny kn o wl ed g e Why is it th a t .
bu t to t he o th e r s br ou ght i n to r e la ti on with it i n t he m in d ?
Whe n I say I k no w a c e rta i n pla n t I i n d i ca te n othi ng u n til
'
I i n fo r m my bea r er wh at t hi ngs s ta n d r el a te d to it i n my
m i nd a s c o n tras ti ng or agr ee i ng
, I m ay k no w it as a ga r d en .
ex is t n ce i to th e a bs tr ac t a ttr ibute ; an d al
e n li ndivi d ua l s u cc essi on s i nto suc
c es si on i n th e a bs tr ac t ; b t w i th o u t t he s h oc k o f d iffer e n ce f l
u , t w h en w e pas s e
e ye s .
u po n se lec t i m p r ess i on s o u t o f t he gr ea t t o ta l th a t m ak es o ur
,
s ta n ce . H e n c e t o be bo r n u nd er a ce p io u s l ang u age or t o ,
se l ec t i m p res s i o ns i n to k no w l edge .
s u mm ed u p thus
t o Se nsa ti on a nd Pe rc epti on .
so bu t t he c ou p l
,
e m us t be fa r the r vi e w ed as co m i ng u n d e r a ,
e xi s t en c e or Su cc es s i on
, T he .
EXTERN AL Pan c am on 5 93
, ,
ac tive s ta te o r di s p o s iti on te r m e d B e li e f o r
(
f t a nd ohm
Sula
- —m m lWor l
Et ta -
la st poin t to be ad ver ted
d . The
to i n our r a pid s u m mar y o f th e m ea ni ng o f cogn iti on is t h e i mpor tan t dis
, ,
st he r oblem o f se lf an d an ex te r n al w or ld I n my
p .
for m er vol um e (Cb t ye i ty Q88 ) len dea vo u r ed to s ta te the sour c es ofour noti ons
n a ,
c ulty c r
, te d by u ns u i ta ble lan gua ge w hich ever y o ne co ns i d er s himself
ea ,
bo und to pr e se r v e .
l m o w a bl e na m ely th a t th er e m us t be a pl r a li ty o f im pr es s i on s u nd e r co m
, , u
pos itiv e ill um ina ti n Y e t as w e can thi n k and s pea k o f th e li ght by its e lf
o .
,
or o f the s u bj ec t th e o bj c t be i g un d r s t oo d
, We n e ver c o uld ha ve co me to
e n e .
w h ile s in ki n g th e o th er A n a bso l u te o bj ec t or an a bs ol u te su bj ec t is a pu e
. r
wi th out c u r ve d gr ea te r w i th o ut less
, .
2 r
5 94 oo s sc rovss s ss
, ,
t re d o r w he r e th er e w as a r e m i i n o f e d ec t as q ic k a n d s l o w a c ti on a n d
’
e ,
ss o , u ,
ano t
her sound I n th e presen ce o f the fee ng o f m o e m en as a fo
. il w e dis ~ li v t ,
e . .
,
e .
o f t h e h ea d t he r a i s i n g o f th e ha n d a n d a gr ea t m an y o th er m o vemen ts o f
, ,
s ho r t s c o gn it i on o f t he fi rs t d egr e e
,
I f th er e w er e n o per sis ti ng i m pr essi o ns
.
,
a l th o u gh w e sh o ul d h a ve st ill o th e r c o n tr as t; an d c o ns e q en t c og ni tio n s ; u
a ppr eci ti o n f d ifi
a t m i n ds is mos t n ear ly id en ti ca l
o
'
tl a ,
a r c r en .
place thi dis ti nction s id e by side with th e dis tin cti o n o f a ct u li ty and idea lity
s a ,
r , s en s
hy poth es is i s u en d er e d Th t u n iv er sa l t n den cy of th e h u ma n m i n d to
s rr . a e
s ol ute s cr ea ted as i t w
, pa t d br ou gh t togeth e i th w y of cas ua l ere a r , an r n e a
th e Abs olutists in phil os o phy an d the exa gger ati on of the cas e by th e popq ,
e sr m tte i n te r n al a d ex ter na l
sus a r, I ma i nta in howev e tha t this is only
n .
, r,
o en f i nn u mera bl e co gn i ti o n of th e h um n m i n d a l th ou gh a v e y c o m
o s a ,
r
m n di n g
a e Mor eo v e I gr a nt tha t e v er y thin g th t we kn o w ul ti m te ly
on . r, a a
th t w e d o n ot r em i n i n s uch a n o w s ph e e b ut ca r r y on o kn owledg e
a a arr r , ur
i ts pects withou t k n o win g s elf al thou gh cer t a inly as obj ect as s om ethi ng
as , .
t ha t co n c e pti o n .
b ook bei n g th e m
, a i n th em e of m et phy s i ca l dis p u te I beli eve it cor r ec t t a . o
s y fir s t
a , A long wi th wha te ver an y in telli gen ce kno ws i t m ust as the gr ou nd
,
‘
, ,
5 98 co xsc xouss as s .
ec e ,
ar .
fi d o u t th e con t a s ts wh e eby i t s pr a n g u p
n r r .
m pl i c i tl
y N eg tive i n ot m o e n ecess ar y to pos i tiv e th n a con t a st or foil
. a s r ,
a r
po i ti on in re fere n ce to th e pe ce pt i on o f an exte r na l w o ld
s r r
nous c u e nt a s .
an rc, u e re en
uj et d e to os j u ge m en ts p i q u il s n expr im e t j ma is q e i m pr ess i o n
' ' ’
s ns n ,
u s n a u un
p w ei p m
o r td f i
er {m be r l mlm
anen ci mp e i
a rs d k mi es ci c »
e s a a r s s ons on s s n r a
al a p emie r S at i V l I V p l6 4-1
rs t 65 ed 1
on , 8 25 oD od c . .
, .
. . . u e .
On po ut m em e d i e que ce mm e n us
‘
e e n tons e sa vons et e
r o n s , n , n
r ée ll em en t j a m j i q bs t ce t M ia p r é oisem en t
'
je ,
t
", sa as , s co r , ue a sr r a r . a ,
p ar e
c q e os p
u ea b u le se r r rn a n , s
pr opositi on —I r im ip e W ig c h V H I p 28 1 V ol IV
.
' ‘
s ner , . .
, . . . .
6 00 u pm ix .
poi nt to the dev elopment of a coll ecti v e an d uni ted cons cious ness as will b e ,
ga n gli o nic excite men t wha te ver (cer ebr l s pi na l s ym pa th etic) gives bi r th t o a , ,
s e n sib ili ty s eems a m o r e lik ely s u ppo s i ti o n tha n tha t s en sibili t y s h ould a tta c h
,
an d th e con di ti o ns o f th e vis cer a tha t th e gr eat var i ety i n the acti ons of ,
B u t fa r th er M r Le w es s pos i ti on i s n ot at v a r ia n ce wi th th e l of Dif
’
, . aw
.
’
An d why so P Becaus e our r ecogn is ed cons ci ous n ess is wha t employs our
c ra s s m c ar xox or r un a n e mone . 601
w om b .
I th ere for e ass ig n as deter min i n g the u nity of con scious n ess an d as
, , , ,
r en ts the u n i ty o fth e m a r ti n
,
tha t is to say th e ac tive m echa n ism a nd th e ,
wh os e pr o per ti es are —to be loca lis ed i n th e cer ebr um to poss ess un ity an d
,
, ,
B .
—Clm :fi
a es libs qf the E m lfmu .
p . 40 .
go od cla ss ifi cati on is s ta te d th us
'
Th us w e ma y i n th e fi rs t place s tudy th e e volu ti on o f th e emoti ons u p
, ,
m a y r ega r d
'
. ,
a n cy—
,
wh en as am on g sa va ges '
, ,
div ers wa n ts ar e sa tis fi ed thr ough th e a r t icl es a ppr o pr ia te d for wea pon s ,
cons ta n tly i n volvi n g a gre ea ble as s oci ti ons a n d on e whi ch is ther efor e pl ea a ,
.
s u r a bl e ir r es p ec tiv e o f th e en d s ub s er v ed
, An d wh en as in civilize d li fe th e . , ,
es pec ia lly to s uch w ell -mar k ed emoti ons as Wond er Fea r Lo ve Anger , , , ,
of y ear s to come .
6 04 arm u .
cl ass es as follows
,
. n n i ee s,
t he pr e en ce o f i nh er i ted pa i n s i n th e s ta te of fear
s H e d oes n ot offer a n y .
To s om e of the se gen er a (as Ter r or a n d Ten der nes s ) I s ubsta nti lly apply ,
a
d ence o n s uch a ma tte r M r Spe n cer would sa y tha t th e u n defi n ed pl eas ures
. .
p r od ucts of Con tig uous a dhes i on or a gglom er a ti o n—Ter r or Ten der n ess; S x , ,
e ,
I ll R p m nla li w j eel
. e inys co m pre h en d in g th e id eas of th e feeli n gs a bov e
r ,
th em i n m y g en eralar r a n geme n t
, .
complex s en ti en t sta tes tha t ar e less the di r ect r es ults o f exte r nal exci te m en ts
t ha n th e i n dir ec t or r e fl ex r es ul ts of th em Th e lov e of pr o per ty is a feeli ng .
t i o ns as b ei ng an a gg l om er a ti o n of th e collec tiv e in te r e s ts gr o wi n g o u t of s en se
,
vas t a s ubj ect th e s ch em e wher eby h e pr o pos es to re -or ga nis e on an adv n ced, , a
a ppea ra n ce .
ens M l
’
evol e nt A t e
r , , f , e
,
a
ti
ons , P e D i p o it ion an d Op i i on ; a d un d er B ur e a u Pam c r n as o r
a n s, s s ,
n n .
A c n es h e br in gs i n R g d to Good up on the Wi d an d th e M ! Sa m
,
’
e ar n s, or e .
o
,
’ ’
s . . e: .
s s , , e , . ac o
,
B ne vol
o en t a n d M l e v o l e n t I I B r ma n a x e Go vaa s xs o Paxx mn as o r
a . . a .
h e a ppen ds cer ta i n oth er pr in ciples tha t i n fl uen ce our cond uct nam ely , ,
Po wer s and A ctive Pow er s ) that the Feeli n gs ca n not be dis cussed a pa r t fr o m
t heir pro m pti n g the W ill ; the pl eas ur es o f Es teem Soci ety Po w er Kn o w , , ,
e dg
l e , cons ide r ed n t pur ely as pl eas ur es but und er the guis e o f o ,
te m p t d th e Mor a l Sen ti m e t
an I n ar ra n gin g th c m plex em oti ons h e n e o
r . n
,
Rs r a r so r r vs A g
os G t i tude Simp le Eg et d Gladness Roman an d
'
, n er , ra , r , an , s
, r es s , as r , ,
Soci ety Kn owl edge Po wer A flect ion G lor y th e H pp in ess o f O ther s E vil
, , ,
'
, ,
a ,
Si W H am il to n h
r .th e ma te r ia l a dva nta ge of st ar ti n g fr om the th re e
as
on —
, ,
s a r,
o ne g oun d n m ely tha t the Emoti ons ar e gen er a te d fro m th e Sen tio ns
r ,
a , sa ,
a a , an
n ar .
a d Sc i nce
n d the g a tifi m t i
e ,
of d pti n g Il
an to End The j oin t ener g
r on a a ea na s.
rmt y i n th ei full es t s co pe
‘
,
Th e Pas c r rc r Feelings r ela te to (1) o Sel
r .
f s . ur
ro n o s , a o
op men t
Tca d ency tow a r ds D evel a nd Pr rj ec t ron a nd t he
(5 )
'
Soy-M at ron d s H r , , ,
conn ected wi th Joy an d its oppoeute s Fea r A n xi ety Sor ro w The h e '
, , , ,
sa nc ti on of t he S , ,
608 a n ae mic
var i ou ly sta ted by Her ber t s followers N a hlo wslry defi nes Se nsa ti on as th e
s
'
st a te d e pe n di n g o n th e m er e pe r ce pti o n of an o r ga n i c s ti mul u s
; an d Feeli n g
a s th e r es ul ta n t n o t o f i mm ed ia te s ti m ul ti o n of t h e n er v es bu t o f
, p re s en ta a ,
m a tt r bu t d e pe nd s ol ely o n th e m a nn er of co m i n g to ge th er of th e pr es en ts
e ,
th e s pecia l ch r a cte r s of th e p r es e n ta ti o ns
a I quote the var ious s ubdi vi i ons . s ,
504 , 21
4
I . F s s nm o s Po o n a.
A F r mal
The gen er al or m ore el em e nta y F m l Feelings —
. o .
a. , O pp es si o n an d r or t r
H m o ny n d Co ntr as t ; Po wer
ar a d Wea k n es s 6 Th e s pec ia l o r m o e co m an r
r a o e, , s a
B . Qua litat i ve .
I I Go n a : E l fl ON L Bu r ns . n O A .
r r ua a , u
,
an d Id e l d a ls o com pli ca te d wi th D e i e )
a , an s r .
r.
o The D i p i t i m ood or fr am e o f m i n d —th e collective or gen era l ton e
s os on
, ,
ld egr e es & , c.
nsi tor y to the per man ent I t w as a speciality of Her bert to n ot e un der
tr a .
Thes e s fiec ti ons ha v e b een var iously class ifi ed : (1) a ccor di ng as the in tel
'
.
l ectual a cti vity i s heig htened or ar r ested (Dr o bisc h ) (2) ccor di n g as th e
em oti onal el em en t is var i ed—
a
dissat is fa cti on agr eea bl e or dis a gr eea ble ; (3) accor din g to th eir i n fl uen ce on
ac t i o n—
,
ar e ar r a n g ed i n t w o gr ou ps .
Pl
ea snr a bl
e S ur pr is e . H el
pl ess Amu s em en t
Su dd en M ir th .
Jolli ty . P er pl exity .
Pa i nful S ur pr is e .
Cour age .
Enth us iasm .
The ad ios na tur e of the s fiec tions i n th e fir st col umn a nn oun ces itself i n
’
dis posi ti on t o war ds a cert a in kin d o f des ir e that r efus es th e con tro l of th e
Reas on . This dist i nct i on is to me a quibble ; i t w ould not exi st but for the
ar bitr a r y r ep et iti o n of th e v er y sa m e s ta tes u n der th e h ea din g of D es ir es .
2c
61
0 A PPEN DI X .
S ubj ectiv e cons cious n es s which last doma in of the Feeli ngs He
, is th e .
an
'
o ,
A ffli cti on Mela n choly D is tr e ss Mourn ing ar e alldiffer ent ki nds of Sor r o w
, , , , .
t o ex pr ess a dis ti ncti o n o f obj ect ive an d s u bj ecti v e J o y ful aflections : j oy is on '
W e ma y pass beyo nd the si mpl e A d eoti ons an d Moods to oth er com pli ca
ti on s o f Sen sa ti o n a n d I d ea We ha v e a clas s d epen ding n ot on th e m t te
. a r
n ec t i o n viz
, as har m o ni ous or dis co r da nt
, W e ar e v er y d iffere n tly affec ted .
,
a cco r di n g as th e fl o w of th e th ou gh ts i s s m oo th fr ee an d u n i n te r r u pted or
as i t i s la bo r i ous or b r o k en
b e exam pl es of v oli ti on H e als o disa ppr o ves o fmy all egi n g tha t To with
.
’
vo liti on A s h e ha s n ot hims el
.
’
f i n his ar ti c le dr a w n the li ne in dis pute I , , ,
cer eb r l co ns ci ous n ess and v oli ti on—th e cons ci ous n ess wr i tten do wn i n our
,
’
. s s , n ,
an id ea of th e a c ti o n th a t I a m to pe r for m B t th e r ea l difli c ul ty of th e . u
th e co ns c i ous n es s h s h ad t i me t o o pe te
a B t th en th e r e fl ex sta r t m a y b e ra . u
I n al
l pr obability as Mr Lewa afli r ms s pi na l act i ons can have p ur pos e in
, ,
pose ; and in th e defa ult of a cer ebr um sp ina l a cti ons gen er a lly might ta ke ,
to it i n h uma n b eings to pass thro ugh th e vol un tar y educa ti on that w ould
, ,
give i t th e s ens e of loc ali ty an d dire cti on r equis ite to a guidin g voliti on All ,
.
while yet a cer ta in amoun t of gro pin g a ppear s to be n ecess ar y a t the outs et .
bir ds th t ar e s aid at once to peck their foo d wi th per fect pr ecis ion th e
a , ,
This las t exam ple has an impor ta nt bea i ng o n th e Ber klia u Theor y o f r e
dis pos iti on Th e str ongest pr es umpti on a gai nst r efer r i n g i t wholly to ex po
.
3 —M eanings of Cbnoci m am
1 . .
—p . 5 62 .
has r efer e nce t o th e attr ibu te of Kno wl edge Cons ci ous n ess sa ys Ha mil ton ’
.
, ,
‘
is th e re cogni ti on by th e min d of i ts o wn acts or aflec ti u s whi ch to an ‘
o ,
’
Ste war t A pleas ur e m er ely enj oyed and not s tu di ed or r e fl ect ed on would
.
, ,
a o
car te s Le ibni tz Spi n oza Wolf Pla tn e and oth er s —ha ve bee n l ed to r s gar d
, , , ,
r,
, a ,
on ly as th ey ar e kn o wn to be ; y et i n th es e m odi fi ca ti o ns a quality a , , ,
. a a , .
. r r ,
616 APPENDIX .
expoun d ed by him is tan ta mou nt to the di ffer en ce b etw een ao-c all ed r efl ex
,
o
c nsc b ei ng pleu ed pa i ned or exci t ed an e n r a s at
I‘ R lN T II D B Y A R T H U R K I N G 1 B R O A D S T R E E T , A B B RD I I N .
The bo mow er mus t re turn this i tem on or beforc
the l as t da te s ta mpe d be l o w If ano ther user
.
v v v v
.
o