S. K. Ghosh Associates Inc.

SEISMIC DESIGN USING

STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS,
SEISMIC MAPS FOR UAE,
DIAPHRAGM DESIGN
S. K. Ghosh
S. K. Ghosh Associates Inc.
Palatine, IL and Aliso Viejo, CA

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SEISMIC DESIGN USING

STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS

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ASCE 7-05 Table 12.6-1

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Horizontal Irregularity Type 2,

Re-Entrant Corners

RE-ENTRANT CORNER EXISTS WHEN PROJECTION b > 0.15a, AND PROJECTION d

> 0.15c

Horizontal Irregularity Type 3,

Diaphragm Discontinuity

DIAPHRAGM DISCONTINUITY EXISTS WHEN AREA OF OPENING > 0.5ab OR

EFFECTIVE DIAPHRAGM STIFFNESS CHANGES MORE THAN 50% FROM ONE STORY
TO THE NEXT.

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Horizontal Irregularity Type 4,

Out-of-Plane Offset

Horizontal Irregularity Type 5,

Nonparallel Systems

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Vertical Irregularity Type 4,

In-Plane Discontinuity in Vertical
Lateral Force Resisting Element

IN-PLANE OFFSET OF LATERAL FORCE-RESISTING ELEMENTS > LENGTH OF THOSE

ELEMENTS, OR THERE EXISTS A REDUCTION IN STIFFNESS OF RESISTING
ELEMENTS IN STORY BELOW

Vertical Irregularity Type 5a, Weak

Story

“WEAK STORY” LATERAL STRENGTH < 80% LATERAL STRENGTH ABOVE STORY
LATERAL STRENGTH = TOTAL STRENGTH OF SEISMIC FORCE-RESISTING
ELEMENTS SHARING STORY SHEAR FOR DIRECTION
UNDER CONSIDERATION

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Vertical Irregularity Type 5b, Extreme

Weak Story

“WEAK STORY” LATERAL STRENGTH < 65% LATERAL STRENGTH ABOVE STORY
LATERAL STRENGTH = TOTAL STRENGTH OF SEISMIC FORCE-RESISTING
ELEMENTS SHARING STORY SHEAR FOR DIRECTION
UNDER CONSIDERATION

SHALL NOT BE PERMITTED IN SDC D, E AND F (SECTION 12.3.3.1)

SHALL NOT BE OVER 2 STORIES OR 30 FT (9 m). IN HEIGHT FOR SDC B AND C (SEE
EXCEPTION) (SECTION 12.3.3.2)
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Horizontal Irregularity Type 1a, Tortional

Irregularity

REFER TO ASCE 7-05 TABLE 12.3-1

δA
δB

Torsional irregularity exists when:

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Horizontal Irregularity Type 1b,

Extreme Torsional Irregularity

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Vertical Irregularity Type 1a,

Soft Story

SOFT STORY STIFFNESS < 70% STORY STIFFNESS ABOVE

< 80% [AVERAGE STORY STIFFNESS OF 3 STORIES ABOVE]

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Vertical Irregularity Type 1b,

Extreme Soft Story

SOFT STORY STIFFNESS < 60% STORY STIFFNESS ABOVE

< 70% [AVERAGE STORY STIFFNESS OF 3 STORIES ABOVE]

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Vertical Irregularity Type 2,

Weight (Mass) Irregularity

STORY MASS > 150% ADJACENT STORY MASS

(A ROOF THAT IS LIGHTER THAN THE FLOOR BELOW NEED NOT BE CONSIDERED)

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Vertical Irregularity Type 3,

Vertical Geometric Irregularity

HORIZONTAL DIMENSION OF LATERAL FORCE-RESISTING SYSTEM IN STORY > 130% OF THAT IN

ADJACENT STORY

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Seismic Analysis Procedure Selection

Table 12.6-1

All structures of light frame

construction, irrespective of
height
– Dynamic analysis never required

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Seismic Analysis Procedure Selection

Table 12.6-1

Occupancy Category I or II
buildings of other construction
not exceeding two stories in
height
– Dynamic analysis not required

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Design Ground Motion at Site

Response Spectrum

1940 El Centro (Imperial Valley, CA Eq.)

Accelerogram
N-S component and corresponding derived
velocity and displacement plots

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Computation of
Deformation (or
Displacement)
Response
Spectrum

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Response Spectra

Sd = umax

Sv = ωSd = (2π
π / T)Sd

Sa = ωSv = ω2Sd

π / T)2 Sd
π / T)Sv =(2π
Sa = (2π

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(a)Deformation (or
Displacement)
(b) Pseudo-velocity
and
(c)pseudo-
acceleration
response spectra

El Centro ground
motion – S00o E
component. Damping
ratio ξ = 2 percent

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Four-Way Logarithmic Plot of

Response Spectrum

El Centro ground
motion – S00o E
component. Damping
ratio ξ = 2 percent

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Response Spectra for Elastic SDOF

Systems Subjected to 1940 El Centro
Record

N-S
component

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Site-Specific
Response
Spectra

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Smoothed
Site-Specific
Response
Spectra

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EPV Av
in/s (mm/s)

12 (300)
6 (150)
3 (75)
0.4
0.2
0.1
Applied Technology
1.5 (37.5) 0.05

Council
Recommendations
for Specifying
Ground Shaking at
a Site

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Normalized Response Spectra

Shapes

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Two-Factor Approach to
Local Site Response

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1997 UBC
Design Response Spectra

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2000, 2003 IBC

Design Spectrum

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ASCE 7-05 FIGURE 11.4-1: Design

Response Spectrum

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Design Earthquake Ground Motion Prior

to IBC

Approximately 90% probability of

non-exceedance in 50 years (approx.
475-year return period)

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IBC Ground Motion

Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE):

The maximum level of earthquake ground
shaking that is considered reasonable to
design buildings to resist.

IBC Ground Motion

Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE):

2% probability of exceedance in 50 years

(approx, 2500 yr. return period) where
deterministic approach is not used.

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IBC Ground Motion

Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE):

Deterministic earthquake (in coastal
California) - best estimate of ground motion
from maximum magnitude earthquakes on
seismic faults with high probabilities of
occurrence.

IBC Design Ground Motion

• SS = MCE spectral acceleration in the short period

range for Site Class B
• Sl = MCE spectral acceleration at the 1.0 second period for
Site Class B
• SMS= FaSS, MCE spectral acceleration in the short period
range adjusted for Site Class effects.
• SMl = FvSl, MCE spectral acceleration at 1.0 second period
adjusted for Site Class effects.
• SDS = (2/3) SMS, spectral acceleration in the short period
range for the design ground motion
• SDl = (2/3) SMl, spectral acceleration at 1.0 second period
for the design ground motion.
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