Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Biology For CAPE Unit 2 Chapter 2 Answers PDF
Biology For CAPE Unit 2 Chapter 2 Answers PDF
Structured questions
11 a • Weigh three mung beans after removing testa
• Place beans in barrel of syringe
• Allow apparatus and beans to equilibrate for three minutes
• Germinating mung beans would take up oxygen and give
off carbon dioxide during respiration
• Carbon dioxide is absorbed by soda lime, so the pressure
inside of syringe would decrease
• This would cause the coloured water to move towards the
syringe
• Distance moved by coloured water is directly proportional
to volume of oxygen uptake
• Using a graph page/ruler, measure distance (d) moved by
coloured water per minute for five minutes
• Calculate volume of O2 uptake using πr2d (r = radius of
capillary tube) per minute Any 2 points well
• Calculate volume of O2 uptake using πr2d (r = radius of explained [1]
capillary tube) in mm3 min-1 g-1 Max [3]
Biology Unit 2 for CAPE® Examinations Original material © Cambridge University Press 2011 1
c • Replace germinating seeds with an inert material/glass
beads/boiled seeds of equivalent mass to mung beans
• Leave for same length of time
• Control would compensate for pressure changes in the
apparatus/changes due absorption of atmospheric carbon
dioxide by soda lime Any point from
• Distance moved by meniscus can be added (if meniscus 1st and 2nd [1]
moved away from syringe)/or subtracted (if meniscus Point 3 [1]
moved towards the syringe) from experiment results Point 4 [1]
Biology Unit 2 for CAPE® Examinations Original material © Cambridge University Press 2011 2
g i • Acts as a control chamber/acts as a
thermobar/thermobarometer
• Eliminates the effects of external temperature or
pressure changes
• External pressure or temperature changes act equally on
both sides of the manometer and cancel them out Any point [1]
12 a I – matrix
II – cristae
III – outer membrane
IV – intermembrane space
V – inner membrane Each point [1]
Biology Unit 2 for CAPE® Examinations Original material © Cambridge University Press 2011 3
d • Folded inner membrane/cristae – increases surface area
available for more stalked particles and electron carriers
/more oxidative phosphorylation/ATP synthase
complexes/more protons pumped across membrane
• Intermembrane space – allows accumulation of protons/H+
• Impermeability of inner membrane to protons/H+ –
maintains proton gradient/protons only go through
channels in ATP stalked particles
• Stalked particles/ATP synthase channel for protons
• Linear arrangement on ETC on inner membrane – greater
efficiency
• Membranes separate mitochondrion from cytoplasm –
allows for different pH
• Inner membrane has attachment of stalked particle
protruding into matrix – allows for passage of protons
down a diffusion gradient
• Matrix contains enzymes for oxidation and
decarboxylation
• Diameter does not exceed 1.0 μm to ensure short diffusion Any point well
path/distance to centre: allows for rapid diffusion explained [1]
• Any correct answer Max [4]
Biology Unit 2 for CAPE® Examinations Original material © Cambridge University Press 2011 4
ii • It increases the activation energy of glucose thereby
making the molecule unstable
• It blocks the glucose from leaking out since the cell
lacks transporters for glucose-6-phosphate which no
longer fits the glucose carrier
• This ensures the pure glucose is kept at a very low
concentration inside the cells so it will always diffuse
down a concentration gradient from the tissue fluid into
the cell
• Glucose-6-phosphate is the starting material for
pentose sugars (and therefore nucleotides) and
glycogen Point 1 and any other point [2]
h i 2 ATP [1]
Biology Unit 2 for CAPE® Examinations Original material © Cambridge University Press 2011 5
Essay questions
Biology Unit 2 for CAPE® Examinations Original material © Cambridge University Press 2011 6
15 a i • Found in all cells/all organisms
• Easily transported because it is small and water soluble
• Produced where energy is released
(ADP + Pi + energy = ATP)
• Breaks down to release energy where required by
removal of third phosphate group by hydrolysis
• Immediate source of energy
• Couples energy-releasing reactions/catabolic and
energy-requiring/anabolic reaction Any 2 points [2]
ii • Glycolysis
• Active transport
• Muscle contraction
• DNA replication
• Protein synthesis
• Cell division
• Flagella beating
• Endocytosis
• Any correct answer Any 2 points [2]
Biology Unit 2 for CAPE® Examinations Original material © Cambridge University Press 2011 7
• formation of ATP from ADP + Pi/chemiosmotic synthesis
of ATP
• oxygen acts as final acceptor
• water is formed Diagram [2]
• for every reduced NAD, 3 ATP formed and for 6 well explained points [6]
every reduced FAD, 2 ATP formed Each point [1]
Yeast:
• Pyruvate converted into ethanal with removal of carbon
dioxide/decarboxylation
• Ethanal reduced to ethanol
• Using 2H/H from reduced NAD
• Using alchohol dehydrogenase
• NAD reoxidised and recycled to glycolysis
• Ethanol passes into the medium 2 well explained points [2]
Mammalian cells:
• Pyruvate reduced to lactic acid/lactate
• Using 2H/H from reduced NAD
• Using lactate dehydrogenase
• NAD reoxidised and recycled to glycolysis
• Lactate passes into blood/liver 2 well explained points [2]
Biology Unit 2 for CAPE® Examinations Original material © Cambridge University Press 2011 8
ii
Mammalian muscle cell Yeast
• Occurs in one step • Occurs in 2 steps
• No decarboxylation/CO2 • Decarboxylation
released • Alcohol dehydrogenase used
• Lactate dehydrogenase • Ethanol passes into medium
used • Irreversible
• Lactate passes into
blood/liver
• Process reversible Any 2 points [2]
ii • Lactate formed
• Removed to liver via blood
• Lactate oxidised to pyruvate
Point 1 [1]
• Pyruvate forms glucose or glycogen Any other point [2]
• Or enters Krebs cycle via link reaction Max [3]
Biology Unit 2 for CAPE® Examinations Original material © Cambridge University Press 2011 9