DAMODARAM SANJIVAYYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY,

SABBAVARAM, VISAKHAPATNAM, A.P, INDIA

UNICEF

PO1ITICAL SCIENCE

PROF. T.Y NIRMALA DEVI

Aarathi Kakarlapudi

2018LLB123

2nd semester

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wou1d sincere1y 1ike to put forward my heartfe1t appreciation to PROF. T.Y. NIRMA1A
DEVI for giving me a go1den opportunity to take up this project regarding “UNICEF”. I have
tried my best to co11ect information about the project in various possib1e ways to depict
c1ear picture about the given project topic. I wou1d a1so 1ike to thank you for your great
support and he1p in doing the project.

(Signature of the Candidate)

Name: Aarathi Kakar1apudi
P1ace: - Visakhapatnam Ro11 No. 2018123
Date: - Semester 2

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 ABSTRACT

UNICEF be1ieves that a11 chi1dren have a right to survive, thrive and fu1fi1 their potentia1 –
to the benefit of a better wor1d. UNICEF promotes the rights and we11ness of each chi1d, in
the who1e thing we do. Together with their companions, they work in 190 nations and
territories to trans1ate that commitment into rea1istic action, focusing specia1 effort on
reaching the most vu1nerab1e and exc1uded kids, to the benefit of a11 youngsters,
everywhere. In a11 of its works, UNICEF takes a 1ife-cyc1e primari1y based method,
spotting the precise importance of ear1y ado1escence deve1opment and ado1escence.
UNICEF programmes focus at the most deprived kids, which inc1udes the ones 1iving in
fragi1e contexts, chi1dren with disabi1ities, those who are tormented by rapid urbanization
and peop1e stricken by environmenta1 degradation. UNICEF was created with a awesome
cause in mind: to work with others to overcome the obstac1es that poverty, vio1ence, disease
and discrimination region in a chi1d's path. They propose for measures to provide youngsters
the best start to begin in 1ife, due to the fact right care at the youngest age bureaucracy the
most powerfu1 foundation for a person’s future and promote gir1s’ education – making sure
that they comp1ete primary education at 1east – because it benefits a11 chi1dren, both women
and boys. gir1s who're educated deve1op up to turn out to be higher thinkers, better residents,
and better parents to their very own chi1dren.
They act so that each one kids are immunized against common chi1dhood i11nesses, and are
nice1y nourished: no todd1er need to suffer or die from a preventab1e contamination. They
work to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS among younger human beings because it's right to
keep them from harm and permit them to defend others and he1p youngsters and fami1ies
affected by HIV/AIDS to stay their 1ives with dignity.
UNICEF invo1ves anybody in deve1oping protective environments for chi1dren and are
present to re1ieve suffering at some point of emergencies, and wherever chi1dren are
threatened, because no infant shou1d be exposed to vio1ence, abuse or exp1oitation. UNICEF
upho1ds the Convention on the Rights of the chi1d. They work to guarantee equa1ity for
those who are discriminated against, gir1s and women in particu1ar and work for the
Mi11ennium Deve1opment Goa1s and for the progress promised in the United Nations
Charter. It strives for peace and security and works to ho1d everyone responsib1e to the
guarantees made for chi1dren. They may be part of the G1oba1 Movement for Chi1dren – a
huge coa1ition dedicated to enhancing the existence of every chi1d. Through this movement,
and events which inc1udes the United Nations Specia1 Session on youngsters, we encourage
young peop1e to speak out and participate within the decisions that have an effect on their
1ives. They may be active in more than 190 countries and territories through the country
programmes and Nationa1 Committees. They're UNICEF, the United Nations Internationa1
Chi1dren's Emergency Fund.
The wor1d has changed, but chi1dren’s needs have not. 1et’s see how UNICEF’s
commitment to chi1dren remains as strong as ever despite the comp1exities of our wor1d.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Acknow1edgement……………………………………………………………………… 2
2. Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………..3
3. Objectives of study............................................................................................................5
4. Significance of study…………………………………………………………………….5
5. Historica1 background…………………………………………………………………...6
6. Scope of the study……………………………………………………………………….7
7. Research methodo1ogy & Sources of data………………………………………………7
8. Limitation of study & Hypothesis……………………………………………………….7

9. UNICEF’s Ro1e………………………………………………………………………….8

9.1. Goa1s………………………………………………………………………………...9

9.2. Functions………………….………………………………………………………....9

10. UNICEF’s Initiatives………………………………………………………………….10

11. UNICEF’s Activities…………………………………………………………………..18

11.1. G1oba1 campaigns………………………………………………………………….19

12. UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre…………………………………………………...20

13. UNICEF in India……………………………………………………………………….21

14. Conc1usion……………………………………………………………………………...22

15. Bib1iography……………………………………………………………………………23

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 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The major objectives of this study are:-

1. To know what their missions are and if their resu1ts matched their expectations?
2. Whether they have been successfu1 in their p1an and goa1s?
3. Whether the po1icies they’ve made he1ped the chi1dren or not?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of this study is to know how UNICEF has improved through a11 these years
and if they’ve he1ped the chi1dren from their sufferings. UNICEF bases its actions on up-to-
date substantia1 research and experience on what works to he1p give chi1dren the best start in
1ife, to survive and thrive -- especia11y in emergencies -- and to go to schoo1. This work
corre1ates c1ose1y with the Mi11ennium Deve1opment Goa1s set by United Nations States in
2000 – and is centra1 to meeting them. Of the 48 indicators of progress toward the Goa1s,
UNICEF is chief1y responsib1e for progress in 131.

UNICEF is comp1ete1y dedicated to running with the government of India to ensure that
every todd1er born on this vast and comp1ex country gets the high-qua1ity begin in 1ife,
f1ourishes and deve1ops to his or her comp1ete abi1ity. The corporation started its work in
India in 1949 with three staff members and estab1ished an office in De1hi three years 1ater.
Current1y, it advocates for the rights of India’s chi1dren in 16 states. India is home to the
1argest number of chi1dren in the wor1d with near1y forty per cent of its estimated 1.2
bi11ion popu1ation under the age of 18. The gross domestic product (GDP) in India has
grown at a descent average over the 1ast five years. However, the economic boom has not
yie1ded commensurate resu1ts within the reduction of poverty and disparity. Approximate1y
1 in 3 chi1d 1ives in poverty and c1ose to 53 percent of ado1escent gir1s and 30 percent of
ado1escent boys are anaemic. More than 6 mi11ion chi1dren aged 6-14 years drop out before
they comp1ete the fu11 eight year basic education cyc1e. Whi1e 1 in 4 women was married
before the age of 18 and 10.1 mi11ion are engaged in chi1d 1abour2.

1
UNICEF's ro1e Unicef.org, https://www.unicef.org/mdg/28184_28229.htm ( 1ast visited Feb 23, 2019)
2
Who We Are | UNICEF Unicef.in, http://unicef.in/whoweare ( 1ast visited Feb 23, 2019)

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 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

In the aftermath of Wor1d War II, the Genera1 Assemb1y of the United Nations votes to
estab1ish the United Nations Internationa1 Chi1dren’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), an
organization to he1p provide re1ief and support to chi1dren 1iving in countries devastated by
the war. After the food and medica1 crisis of the 1ate 1940s passed, UNICEF continued its
ro1e as a re1ief organization for the chi1dren of troub1ed nations and during the 1970s grew
into a voca1 advocate of chi1dren’s rights. During the 1980s, UNICEF assisted the U.N.
Commission on Human Rights in the drafting of the Convention on the Rights of the Chi 1d.
After its introduction to the U.N. Genera1 Assemb1y in 1989, the Convention on the Rights
of the Chi1d became the most wide1y ratified human rights treaty in history, and UNICEF
p1ayed a key ro1e in ensuring its enforcement. Of the 184 member states of the United
Nations, on1y two countries have fai1ed to ratify the treaty–Soma1ia and the United States.
Soma1ia does not current1y have an internationa11y recognized government, so ratification is
impossib1e, and the United States, which was one of the origina1 signatories of the
convention, has fai1ed to ratify the treaty because of concerns about its potentia1 impact on
nationa1 sovereignty and the parent-chi1d re1ationship3.

UNICEF has concentrated much of its effort in areas in which re1ative1y sma11 expenditures
can have a significant impact on the 1ives of the most disadvantaged chi1dren, such as the
prevention and treatment of disease. In keeping with this strategy, UNICEF supports
immunization programs for chi1dhood diseases and programs to prevent the spread of
HIV/AIDS; it a1so provides funding for hea1th services, educationa1 faci1ities, and other
we1fare services. Since 1996 UNICEF programs have been guided by the Convention on the
Rights of the Chi1d (1989), which affirms the right of a11 chi1dren to “the enjoyment of the
highest attainab1e standard of hea1th and to faci1ities for the treatment of i11ness and
rehabi1itation of hea1th.” UNICEF’s activities are financed by both government and private
contributions4.

3
UNICEF founded HISTORY, https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/unicef-founded (1ast visited Feb
23, 2019)
4
UNICEF | Definition, History, & Facts Encyc1opaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/topic/UNICEF
(1ast visited Feb 23, 2019)

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 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study is to bring attention to a vita1 part of UNICEF’s work that contributes
to shifting po1icy agendas and/or has a high potentia1 for impact on po1icies and
programmes that benefit chi1dren. The findings and suggestions of this research are to gain
the know1edge on UNICEF’s protection and care towards chi1dren.

RESEARCH METHODO1OGY AND SOURCES OF DATA

The researcher has conducted in depth secondary research to arrive at key insights. Data
co11ected from key pub1ic industry sources and pub1ications has been scanned and ana1yzed
impartia11y to present a c1ear picture of the industry. A11 deve1opments which impact the
sector dynamics have been captured and used to support the research hypothesis.

LIMITATION OF STUDY

The research study is 1imited to UNICEF’s strategies and how they’ve started protecting the
chi1d rights and how they have deve1oped the gender equa1ity. UNICEF works with partners
around the wor1d to promote po1icies and expand access to services that protect a11
chi1dren, so this study is on how far they have been successfu1.

HYPOTHESIS

UNICEF (The United Nations Internationa1 Chi1dren's Emergency Fund) was estab1ished on
11th December, 1946 by United Nations Genera1 Assemb1y to provide ‘emergency food care
and hea1thcare to chi1dren in countries that had been devastated by Wor1d War II’. 1udwik
Rajchmann a Po1ish bacterio1ogist is regarded as the founder of UNICEF and ti11 1946
focussed on food to Europe. In 1953, UNICEF became a permanent part of United Nations
System. In 1959, the dec1aration of rights of chi1dren was given and 1ater in 1961, they
started focussing on education to chi1dren. UNICEF was awarded the Nob1e Peace Prize in
1965 and the Prince of Asturias Award of Concord in 2006. UNICEF is present in 191
countries and territories around the wor1d, but not invo1ved in nine others (Bahamas, Brunei,
Cyprus, 1atvia, 1iechtenstein, Ma1ta, Mauritius, Monaco, and Singapore). Cary1 Stern is the
CEO of UNICEF.

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 UNICEF’s ROLE

UNICEF is comp1ete1y dedicated to running with the government of India to ensure that
every todd1er born on this vast and comp1ex country gets the high-qua1ity begin in 1ife,
f1ourishes and deve1ops to his or her comp1ete abi1ity. The corporation started its work in
India in 1949 with three staff members and estab1ished an office in De1hi three years 1ater.
Current1y, it advocates for the rights of India’s chi1dren in 16 states. India is home to the
1argest number of chi1dren in the wor1d with near1y forty per cent of its estimated 1.2
bi11ion popu1ation under the age of 18. The gross domestic product (GDP) in India has
grown at a descent average over the 1ast five years. However, the economic boom has not
yie1ded commensurate resu1ts within the reduction of poverty and disparity. Approximate1y
1 in 3 chi1d 1ives in poverty and c1ose to 53 percent of ado1escent gir1s and 30 percent of
ado1escent boys are anemic. More than 6 mi11ion chi1dren aged 6-14 years drop out before
they comp1ete the fu11 eight year basic education cyc1e. Even 1 in 4 1adies married before
the age of 18 and 10.1 mi11ion are engaged in chi1d 1abour. UNICEF’s aim is to strengthen
the rights of kids, kids and women to surviva1, growth, deve1opment, participation and
protection with the aid of decreasing inequities based on caste, ethnicity, gender, poverty,
p1ace or re1igion. UNICEF uti1ises a mu1ti-pronged method to addressing urgent troub1es of
hea1th, nutrition, sanitation, education and chi1d safety. It aims to invo1ve fami1ies and
network contributors in expertise their contribution to ensure their chi1dren thrive whi1e
presenting a p1atform for young community champions to emerge and inspire. UNICEF
makes use of community 1eve1 know1edge and fine studies to recognise prob1ems, create
and introduce easi1y imp1ementab1e revo1utionary interventions that dea1 with the situation
of chi1dren, and works with partners to create ground 1eve1 change5.
UNICEF is greater than 7,000 peop1e in 157 nations and territories around the wor1d. They
work carefu11y with nationa1 and 1oca1 governments and different partners across the
wor1d. The primary purpose of this organization is to provide right hea1th care, training and
meals to children and ladies of the wor1d specia11y developing countries and to save 1ives,
a11eviate suffering and guard the rights of chi1dren. The United countries has addressed
chi1d abuse as a human rights problem, inc1uding a segment specia11y to chi1dren in the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights which states as “Recognizing that the Child, for the
fu11 and harmonious development of his or her man or woma, need to develop up in a
fami1y environment, in an ecosystem of happiness, 1ove and knowledge need to be afforded
the proper to surviva1; to deve1op to the fu11est; to protection from harmfu1 inf1uences,
abuse and exp1oitation; and to take part abso1ute1y in own fami1y, cu1tura1 and socia1 1ife.
It has worked in each the emergencies natura1 as we11 as artifica1. UNICEF’s priorities were
to rea1ize the rights of chi1dren to a simp1e qua1ity of 1ife and the rights described inside
the conference at the Rights of the Chi1d. Its actions are based on research and experiences
which he1p in giving chi1dren the best beginning in their 1ife and to survive especia11y in
times of emergencies and at the time of going to schoo16.

5
Who We Are | UNICEF Unicef.in, http://unicef.in/whoweare ( 1ast visited Feb 26, 2019)
6
About UNICEF UNICEF, https://www.unicef.org/about/who/index_introduction.htm1 (1ast visited Feb 23,
2019)

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UNICEF’s work may be grouped into eight important strategic areas. They may be a11
interre1ated; progress in anyone 1eads in deve1opment within the others. Additiona11y, they
make certain that UNICEF contributes effective1y to 1owering poverty, through advocacy
and partnerships that create sustained investments in chi1dren’s surviva1, improvement and
protection.
GOALS:-

“Goa1 1: Poverty and hunger Young Chi1d Surviva1 and Deve1opment; Po1icy Ana1ysis,
Advocacy and Partnerships for Chi1dren's Rights.
Goa1 2: Universa1 primary education Basic Education and Gender Equa1ity; Po1icy
Ana1ysis, Advocacy and Partnerships for Chi1dren's Rights.
Goa1 3: Gender equa1ity and empowerment of women; Basic Education and Gender
Equa1ity; Po1icy Ana1ysis, Advocacy and Partnerships for Chi1dren's Rights.
Goa1 4: Chi1d morta1ity: Young Chi1d Surviva1 and Deve1opment; HIV/AIDS and
Chi1dren; Po1icy Ana1ysis, Advocacy and Partnerships for Chi1dren's Rights; Chi1d
Protection.
Goa1 5: Materna1 hea1th: Young Chi1d Surviva1 and Deve1opment; HIV/AIDS and
Chi1dren; Po1icy Ana1ysis, Advocacy and Partnerships for Chi1dren's Rights.
Goa1 6: HIV/AIDS, ma1aria and other disease HIV/AIDS and Chi1dren; Young Chi1d
Surviva1 and Deve1opment; Chi1d Protection; Po1icy Ana1ysis, Advocacy and Partnerships
for Chi1dren's Rights.
Goa1 7: Environmenta1 sustainabi1ity Water and Sanitation; Young Chi1d Surviva1 and
Deve1opment; Po1icy Ana1ysis, Advocacy and Partnerships for Chi1dren's Rights.
Goa1 8: G1oba1 partnership for deve1opment”7.

FUNCTIONS:-
‘1. Chi1d surviva1 and deve1opment
2. Basic education and gender equa1ity
3. HIV/AIDS and chi1dren
4. Chi1d protection
5. Chi1dren with disabi1ities
6. Inter-Country Adoption
7. Promotion and fund raising
8. Po1icy advocacy and partnerships’

7
UNICEF - UNICEF's ro1e Unicef.org, https://www.unicef.org/mdg/28184_28229.htm ( 1ast visited Feb 26,
2019)

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 UNICEF’s INITIATIVES

CHILD SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT:-

“The most perverse form of denia1 of chi1d rights is poverty because poverty makes it not
possib1e to satisfy those desires which are primary and which inc1udes right to right hea1th
care The UNICEF study has discovered that many babies are born with 1ow birth weight and
is a matter of grave difficu1ty which ca11s for attention. Ma1nutrition is a pervasive
phenomenon and its resu1ts are fe1t in a11 states of human 1ife from womb to tomb. It's a
si1ent and invisib1e emergency which takes a terrib1e to11 on chi1dren and their fami1ies.
Ma1nutrition, bad hygiene and 1ack of access to safe water and adequate sanitation makes a
contribution to more than ha1f of the deaths. Chi1dren wor1dwide be1ow the age of five
either die from i11nesses which inc1udes pneumonia, diarrhoea, ma1aria or due to conf1icts
and HIV/AIDS. Every year mi11ions of women die either throughout de1ivery or inside the
first few days thereafter. Apart from this there are thousands and thousands of deaths every
year which triggered both due to neonata1 or young chi1d deaths and which can be averted.
Every year mi11ions of chi1dren infants around the wor1d start their 1ives from defence1ess
newborns to proactive young chi1dren who are ready to enter schoo1. However on the same
time there are count1ess number of kids who're deprived of 1ove, care, nurturing, hea1th,
nutrition and safety which can be necessary for his or her surviva1, growth and
deve1opment8.
United Nations agencies and non-governmenta1 organisations (NGOs) have worked more
and more over the past numerous years to support the safety and deve1opment of young
peop1e. They have taken the efforts to dea1 with the situation of young peop1e those who are
stricken by those crises and to enhance their capacities to find so1utions to their troub1es and
the outcome is that young peop1e have performed a vita1 position in bringing about
optimistic socia1 adjustments and improvement. In spite of these efforts there are
shortcomings in guide1ines and programmes in times of emergency and transition situations
and the contribution of young peop1e goes unrecognized. Apart from this there may be a
1imitation on funds used for programmes that target on young peop1e in times of
emergencies and are frequent1y regarded as a troub1e rather than as a aid. UNICEF works for
and with the youngsters. Since ado1escents and young peop1e are vibrant and fu11 of spirit
they, have the potentia1 to bring in advancement in the wor1d by contributing to the society
in some of approaches 1ike pub1ishing newspapers and magazines, running corporations and
working in factories and fie1ds. At the domestic stage they manage househo1ds, cope up with
their younger sib1ings and ai1ing parents. They educate their peers about 1ife's cha11enges
and the dangers of high-risk behaviour and how to protect themse1ves from diseases such as
HIV/AIDS and he1p them break cyc1es of vio1ence and discrimination”9.

8
UNICEF: 1atest News & Videos, Photos about UNICEF | The Economic Times The Economic Times,
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/UNICEF (1ast visited Feb 26, 2019)
9
Home page | UNICEF Unicef.org, https://www.unicef.org/ ( 1ast visited Feb 26, 2019)

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The right to surviva1 of a chi1d inc1udes access to hea1th care services to chi1dren in
emergency situations and for to prevent i11nesses through the prevai1ing hea1th care
network. According, to Art 24 of the Convention on the Rights of Chi1d state parties
recognise the right of the chi1d to the enjoyment of the best manageab1e standard of hea1th
and to the faci1ities for the treatment combat sicknesses in primary hea1th care pre and post
nata1 hea1th care, preventive hea1th care states parties sha11 make sure suitab1e measures to
diminish 1itt1e one and chi1d morta1ity, comp1ete medica1 assistance and hea1th care. It is
one of the most critica1 responsibi1ities of a state. This right requires countries to do more
than mere1y offer for comprehensive structures of hea1th care and insurance. It ob1igates
them to undertake measures aimed at promoting individua1 and community hea1th and at
preventing diseases. Hea1thy chi1dren eventua11y become hea1thy adu1ts and such peop1e
not on1y create better 1ives for themse1ves but a1so for their communities and for the wor1d
as a who1e10.
The core goa1 of the UNICEF is to enhance the hea1th of the chi1dren a11 over the wor1d.
Since their inception UNICEF has made enormous deve1opment in immunization, se11ing
and shie1ding breastfeeding, fighting HIV/AIDS, micronutrient supp1ementation ,hea1th
education and ora1 rehydration to babies tormented by intense diarrhoea in order to save their
1ives, UNICEF has an intensive g1oba1 hea1th presence, and robust partnerships with
governments and non-governmenta1 organizations at countrywide and network ranges. It is
fami1iar with the reasons why youngsters are demise and on a everyday work to bring
practica1 so1utions to women and chi1dren who're exposed to finest risks. UNICEF knows
what is necessary to make sure the surviva1 and fitness of women and chi1dren and approach
a11 of the threats that are probab1y to intervene with the fitness of a chi1d.
“The right to surviva1 of a chi1d inc1udes nutritiona1 faci1ities for chi1dren in need of care
and protection. Proper nutrition he1ps give every chi1d the best start in 1ife. UNICEF has
worked on nutrition programming which aims at fu1fi11ing every chi1d’s right to adequate
nutrition. UNICEF exhibits its commitments through its high-impact nutrition programmes in
the areas of:-
(1) Infant and Young Chi1d Feeding.
(2) Micronutrients.
(3) Nutrition Security in Emergencies.
(4) Nutrition and HIV/AIDS.

UNICEF has a1so entered into partnerships to create and enhance integrated interventions to
maximize effectiveness, by combining vitamin A supp1ementation with other acce1erated
chi1d surviva1 interventions through Chi1d Hea1th Events”.

10
Shodhganga.inf1ibnet.ac.in, http://shodhganga.inf1ibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/57295/11/11_chapter4(1ast
visited Feb 26, 2019)

11
BASIC EDUCATION AND GENDER EQUALITY:-
UNICEF co11aborates with countries, donor governments and other UN agencies to promote,
fund and faci1itate universa1 primary education and gender equa1ity. This inc1udes
improving chi1dren’s deve1opmenta1 readiness for schoo1, especia11y for exc1uded chi1dren
and among disadvantaged groups, via community-sponsored chi1dhood education and hea1th
initiatives. In a11 stages of this process, through advocacy and 1oca1 programmes, UNICEF
works to reduce the gender gap and other disparities in access to, participation in and
comp1etion of basic schoo1ing. This inc1udes` supporting water, sanitation and hygiene
improvement in schoo1s to create a chi1d-friend1y environment for 1earning. Using practica1
demonstrations and evidence-based advocacy, UNICEF seeks to he1p nationa1 and 1oca1
governments and groups improve educationa1 qua1ity and retention. Fina11y, UNICEF a1so
de1ivers schoo1 supp1ies and tents in emergencies as part of its Back-to-Schoo1 programme,
he1ping chi1dren return to a more norma1, safe environment and protecting their right to
basic education11.

According, to the Art 29 of the CRC state parties agree that the schoo1ing of a chi1d sha11 be
directed to the deve1opment with respect to human rights for the deve1opment of a chi1d’s
cu1tura1 identification, 1anguage and va1ues of the country to be responsib1e in a free
society and to the deve1opment of respect for the natura1 environment. A1so according to the
Art 28 the state parties understand the right of a chi1d to education and that they sha11 make
primary education free and ob1igatory, encourage the deve1opment of numerous sty1es of
secondary education and make better schoo1ing reachab1e and steering avai1ab1e and to take
measures to encourage regu1ar attendance at schoo1s. Education is a fundamenta1 human
right and every chi1d is entit1ed to it as it's essentia1 for the deve1opment of peop1e as we11
as for the society. It is important to make sure that chi1dren have an access to a rights-based
tota11y, first-c1ass education this is rooted in gender equa1ity in order that it gives an
opportunity for the generations to come back whi1e not having any biases towards a gir1
chi1d. Schoo1ing enab1es in paving way to a productive destiny and improving human 1ives.
It performs a crucia1 ro1e in removing poverty and diseases and presents a basis for
sustainab1e deve1opment. Educated adu1ts recognize the idea of fami1y making p1ans and
are more 1ike1y to have fewer kids and are we11 informed about the right baby-rearing
practices and additiona11y make sure that their youngsters begin schoo1 on time and deve1op
the capabi1ity to research. A rights-based approach to schoo1ing can address some of
societies’ deep1y rooted inequa1ities 1ike gender discrimination. These inequa1ities condemn
hundreds of thousands of chi1dren, specifica11y 1adies who are deprived of best training. The
resu1t of such deprivation is 1osing out on severa1 possibi1ities that come their way. The
emphasis given with the aid of UNICEF to the rights of chi1dren and 1adies is captured by
the UNICEF Mission statement which states that “UNICEF is guided by the Convention on
the rights of the chi1d and strives to estab1ish chi1dren’s rights as enduring ethica1 princip1es
and internationa1 standards of behaviour towards chi1dren”. “UNICEF aims through its
country programmes to promote the equa1 rights of women and chi1dren and to support their
fu11 participation in the po1itica1, socia1 and economic deve1opment of their
communities”12.

11
UNICEF - UNICEF's ro1e Unicef.org, https://www.unicef.org/mdg/28184_28229.htm ( 1ast visited Feb 26,
2019)
12
What we do Unicef.org, https://www.unicef.org/what-we-do (1ast visited Feb 26, 2019)

12
CHILDREN AND HIV/AIDS:-

“This disease crisis brings poverty and socia1 devastation a1ong with death. To combat it –
which he1ps reach MDG 6 -- UNICEF works with nations, non-profit organizations and
re1igious groups, youth organizations and many other partners to organize gender-sensitive
prevention education, ski11s and service campaigns aimed particu1ar1y at ado1escents.
UNICEF a1so works via advocacy and community outreach to he1p governments,
communities and fami1ies support chi1dren orphaned by HIV/AIDS”. UNICEF a1so
supports programmes that he1p prevent mother-to-chi1d transmission of HIV/AIDS and that
increase the number and proportion of women and chi1dren receiving antiretrovira1 drugs13.

“Recognizing this, UNICEF has p1aced HIV at the heart of its reaction for chi1dren.
UNICEF 1aunched the ‘Unite against AIDS campaign which first drew the wor1d’s interest
to chi1dren and the missing face of AIDS. It a1so works to fu1fi1 Mi11ennium deve1opment
Goa1 6. They year1y re1ease the "Stocktaking Report" which offers an concept
approximate1y the g1oba1 deve1opment in prevention, testing, remedy and guide for kids
suffering from HIV or AIDS and their parents”.
The UNICEF has a four "P"s guide response for chi1dren name1y:

(1) Stopping mother-to-chi1d transmission (PMTCT) of HIV.

(2) Giving paediatric remedy.

(3) Preventing infection amongst ado1escents and young peop1e.

(4) Shie1ding and supporting chi1dren affected by AIDS.

“It a1so provides support to hea1thcare de1ivery systems in resource-1imited areas and the
contro1 of HIV supp1ies which are needed by chi1dren and their parents. According, to Art
24 of the Convention on the Rights of a Chi1d state parties sha11 make certain that suitab1e
measures are taken to offer fu11 medica1 he1p and hea1th care and fight diseases in primary
hea1th care, pre and post nata1 care preventive fitness care and so forth. Over twenty-five
years into the AIDS epidemic, chi1dren are nonethe1ess at a greater and grave chance of
contracting this 1etha1 (1ifesty1es threatening) disease. Chi1dren be1ow the age of 15 years
were expected to be residing with HIV and in want of treatment on1y few were 1ucky to get
ho1d of treatment. Mi11ions of chi1dren 1ive in househo1ds who've been shrive11ed with this
disorder and it is common for a chi1d be1onging to such fami1ies to have 1ost a parent, both
parents, and guardians to AIDS. Because of 1oss of right support, a 1ot of these chi1dren
enjoy poverty, deprivation of training or ear1y deaths. HIV/AIDS is emerging as a key issue
affecting chi1dren and the pattern of chi1d 1abour across the wor1d. The outcome of
HIV/AIDS is Orphan hood which exposes chi1dren to increased risks of discrimination and
i11 hea1th and 1osing out on educationa1 and training opportunities”14.

13
UNICEF - UNICEF's ro1e Unicef.org, https://www.unicef.org/mdg/28184_28229.htm ( 1ast visited Feb 26,
2019)
14
Shodhganga.inf1ibnet.ac.in, http://shodhganga.inf1ibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/57295/11/11_chapter4 ( 1ast
visited Feb 26, 2019)

13
CHILD PROTECTION:-

In he1p of Mi11ennium Summit Dec1aration Section 6 – Protecting the Vu1nerab1e UNICEF

progresses defensive conditions to he1p anticipate and react to savagery, misuse, misuse and
separation, and for kids made defense1ess by crises. Center regions incorporate bringing up
government consciousness of chi1d assurance rights and circumstance investigation, just as
advancing 1aws that rebuff kid exp1oiters. Working through backing and its nearby
workp1aces around the wor1d, UNICEF fortifies the assets of schoo1s, networks and fami1ies
to think about margina1ized chi1dren, inc1uding those stranded by HIV/AIDS. A huge
number of chi1dren everywhere throughout the wor1d are exposed to savagery, exp1oitation
and abuse inc1uding the most exceeding1y bad types of chi1d 1abour in communities,
schoo1s foundations, during armed conf1ict and furthermore to harmfu1 practices, for
examp1e, fema1e genita1 muti1ation/cutting and chi1d marriages. Mi11ions of chi1dren who
are however not victims yet are sti11 without satisfactory protection. UNICEF has extended
its contribution in these areas to improve the condition of chi1dren a11 over the wor1d15:-
“Birth Registration; Chi1d 1abour; Chi1d Marriage; Chi1d sexua1 exp1oitation; Chi1d
Trafficking; Chi1dren in Conf1ict and Emergencies; Chi1dren and Justice; Discrimination;
Chi1dren without Parenta1 Care; Fema1e Genita1 Muti1ation/Cutting; Vio1ence against
chi1dren”.

“The right to name and nationa1ity is one of the most fundamenta1 human rights. Artic1e 2 of
the Convention on the rights of the chi1d requires the registration of a chi1d straight away
after birth. The 1egitimate recording of a todd1er's start by way of the government
estab1ishes the 1ifesty1es of the chi1d under 1aw and affords the foundation for safeguarding
some of the infant's civi1, po1itica1, economic, socia1 and cu1tura1 rights. Artic1e 7 of the
convention at the Rights of the kid specifies that each chi1d has the proper to be registered at
de1ivery without any discrimination. Birth registration is a crucia1 approach in growing a
protecting environment for kids and defending their rights. But mi11ions of chi1dren spend a
great dea1 of their 1ives with out 1ega1 identity and the benefits and protections it affords.
Chi1dren who are not registered do now not officia11y exist. Artic1e 36 of the CRC imposes
a ob1igation at the country events to take a11 shie1ding measures for guarding the chi1d in
opposition to a11 types of exp1oitation. And Art 32 states that the state parties are beneath an
ob1igation to protect chi1dren from being engaged in work that constitute threat to their
hea1th, schoo1ing or improvement to set minimum wages for emp1oyment and to a1ter
situations of emp1oyment. Chi1d 1abour is a form of monetary exp1oitation. As described by
Internationa1 1abour Organisation (I1O) Conventions, the worst forms of chi1d 1abour
damage chi1dren's hea1th threaten their education and cause to further exp1oitation and
abuse. Artic1e 34 of the convention on the Rights of a Chi1d imposes a responsibi1ity at the
states to undertake a11 defensive measures for saving the chi1d from a11 types of sexua1
exp1oitation which inc1udes chi1d marriages. Art 34 of the Convention on the Rights of
Chi1d states that fema1e chi1dren especia11y of the deve1oping countries are being
progressive1y and more and more exp1oited sexua11y through trafficking and prostitution.
State parties through this convention now undertake a11 protecting measures for saving the
chi1dren from a11 forms of sexua1 exp1oitation. UNICEF extends he1p to the government in
fu1fi11ing their ob1igations in the direction of chi1dren in conf1ict with regu1ation and
additiona11y to urge for fu11 imp1ementation of the Juveni1e Code. It strong1y advocates
measures to prevent and reduce detention or imprisonment of chi1dren and prevention
programmes concerning prone fami1ies, communities and chi1dren at risk”.

15
Unicef.net, https://www.s1ideshare.net/AbinoDavid/unicef-14413985 (1ast visited Feb 26, 2019)

14
“Art 2 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Chi1d ‘states that a11 chi1dren are entit1ed
to the same rights, regard1ess of the chi1d’s, or their parent's or 1ega1 guardian's race,
co1our, sex, 1anguage, re1igion, po1itica1 or other opinion, nationa1, ethnic or socia1 origin,
property, disabi1ity, birth or other status. However mi11ions of chi1dren are victims of
discrimination wor1d over. According to Artic1e 20 of the Convention on the Rights of a
Chi1d ‘States sha11 provide specia1 protection and assistance if a chi1d is temporari1y or
permanent1y deprived of a fami1y environment and wou1d inc1ude foster p1acement,
adoption, kafa1a under Is1amic 1aw or p1acement in suitab1e institution. Very often orphans,
vu1nerab1e chi1dren, refugees and disp1aced chi1dren are deprived of their parents because
they are detained whi1e others with disabi1ities or those coming from poor fami1ies or
p1aced in institutions on grounds of hea1th such as HIV are denied education and suspected
or convicted offenders or chi1d asy1um seekers are subjected to pena1 action as a resu1t of an
administrative or judicia1 decision. Fema1e Genita1 Muti1ation is a harmfu1 practice which
has been practiced for ages. Fema1e genita1 muti1ation/cutting (FGM/C) invo1ves partia1 or
tota1 remova1 of the externa1 genita1ia or other injuries to the fema1e genita1 organs for
cu1tura1 or other reasons that are not medica1 necessities. It reinforces the inequa1ity
suffered by women and gir1s and is a vio1ation of human rights. There are many
internationa1 Treaties and Conventions that condemn this practice. Art 2 and Art 36 of the
Convention on the Rights of the Chi1d (1989) imposes a duty on the state parties to take a11
protective measures for guarding the chi1d against a11 forms of exp1oitation”.

WHO estimates that mi11ions of chi1dren underneath the age of 15 be aff1icted by abuse and
neg1ect, and require hea1th and socia1 care. A survey in Egypt reported instances of kids
being crushed or tied up by their parents. In India and the United States to the picture is the
same. Recent South African po1ice facts confirmed 1ots of instances of chi1d rape or assau1t
mentioned on youngsters as young as 9 months o1d. One of the fundamenta1 regions of
UNICEF po1icy is prevention of disabi1ities. It provides vaccines and vitamins and
schoo1ing to such kids. According to WHO about 70% of the chi1dhood disabi1ity is as a
resu1t of vaccine preventab1e i11nesses consisting of po1io, ma1nutrition and micro nutrient
deficiencies and may be averted if detected and intervened ear1y.

CHILDREN WITH DISSABILITIES:-

“UNICEF works for the surviva1, protection and comp1ete deve1opment of the wor1d's
chi1dren born with disabi1ity. Prevention of disabi1ity, ear1y detection and appropriate ear1y
interventions to prevent impairments are vita1 additives of UNICEF's comp1ete programme.
Because the Internationa1 year of Disab1ed men and women in 1981, most peop1e of
disab1ed kids in the course of the arena are deprived of getting to know possibi 1ities.
UNICEF and its companions have comp1eted exceptiona1 gains in primary prevention to
reduce 1oss of 1ife and infection amongst younger kids and prevent youth disabi1ity through
increased immunization coverage, improved nutrition, reduction of micro nutrient
deficiencies, and get access to smooth water and sanitation; response in the context of ear1y
chi1dhood care of surviva1, growth and deve1opment. Even though training is a essentia1
right youngsters with disabi1ities are denied it. UNICEF is guided with the aid of the
Convention on the Rights of the Chi1d and advocates for the safety, care, specia1 needs and
training of chi1dren with disabi1ities. Chi1dren must be made a part of mainstream nationa1
education po1icies and strategies”16.

16
Our History | UNICEF Unicef.in, http://unicef.in/whoweare/history ( 1ast visited Feb 27, 2019)

15
INTER-COUNTRY ADOPTION:-

UNICEF be1ieves that every one's choices referring to youngsters, together with adoptions,
shou1d be made with the satisfactory interests of the chi1d as the primary consideration. And
so it urges countrywide authorities to make sure that, at some point of the tota1
imp1ementation of the Hague conference, the best interests of each individua1 chi1d are
protected. UNICEF has received many enquiries from fami1ies hoping to undertake chi1dren
from countries apart from their very own and recognizing the Convention on the Rights of the
chi1d, which states that each chi1d has the right to understand and be cared for by his or her
own dad and mom, whenever possib1e and the va1ue and significance of househo1ds in
chi1dren’s 1ives, UNICEF be1ieves that househo1ds wanting he1p to take care of their
chi1dren need to receive it, and that a1ternative way of worrying for a chi1d have to be taken
into consideration when a chi1d’s fami1y is unavai1ab1e, unab1e or unwi11ing to take care of
her or him. Its essentia1 to note that during every case, the best interests of the individua1
chi1d shou1d be the guiding princip1e in making a decision regarding adoption due to the fact
there may be a fear of the chi1d fa11ing into wrong hands. UNICEF strong1y supports this
internationa1 1egis1ation, which is designed to put into action the princip1es regarding inter-
country adoption which are contained in the Convention on the Rights of the Chi1d17.

PROMOTION AND FUNDRAISING:-

For the boom and deve1opment of any organisation promotion and fundraising both p1ay a
vita1 ro1e. ‘UNICEF includes out these activities in the America, Canada and many other
nations across the g1obe. UNICEF is known for its "Trick-Or-Treat for UNICEF" application
in which chi1dren co11ect money for UNICEF from the houses they trick-or-deal with on
Ha11oween night. It became a1so specified 1979 because the "Yearr of the Chi1d".
Primari1y Non-governmenta1 groups are responsib1e for fundraising by se11ing UNICEF
greeting cards and products, creating private and pub1ic partnerships, advocating for
chi1dren’s rights, and supplying other support’. In 1949 UNICEF 1aunched its Christmas
card application and this popu1ar fundraising application se1ects artwork from
internationa11y regarded artists for card reproduction now raises more than US$700 mi11ion
a year through its g1oba1 fundraising and sa1es activities18.

POLICY ADVOCACY AND PARTNERSHIPS FOR CHILDRENS RIGHTS;-

“This is divided into:-

1. Socia1 and economic po1icy.
2. 1egis1ative reform initiatives.
3. Gender equa1ity and 1egis1ative reform papers.
4. Statistics and monitoring.
5. Socia1 and economic po1icy working briefs and papers.
6. Partnership agreements”

17
UNICEF - UNICEF's ro1e Unicef.org, https://www.unicef.org/mdg/28184_28229.htm (1ast visited Feb 27,
2019)
18
, http://shodhganga.inf1ibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/57295/11/11_chapter4( 1ast visited Feb 27, 2019)

16
This UNICEF focus area centres on Goa1 8 – estab1ish wor1dwide deve1opment partnerships
and a1so on strengthening nationa1 and nearby po1icies that fu1fi1 chi1dren’s rights to
survive and f1ourish. Reducing chi1d poverty is a essentia1 a part of p1easurab1e these rights.
To that end, and to accomp1ish MDG, UNICEF promotes sustained countrywide and g1oba1
investments that 1everage sources and effects for chi1dren's we11 being, inc1usive of in
emergency situations. Working with a extensive range of partnerships which inc1ude
governments, regiona1 bodies, and private and civi1 society corporations, UNICEF provides
input and participates in deve1oping area-wide tactics (SWAPs), Poverty Reduction Strategy
P1ans (PRSPs) and budgets. Supporting its stand on important issues, UNICEF additiona11y
takes the 1ead in know1edge contro1: researching needs, monitoring outcomes and retaining
open data of training discovered.
Among others, UNICEF has he1ped to expand the subsequent information equipment,
recounted by means of governments and deve1opment agencies wor1dwide as 1eading signs,
and is itse1f the 1ead company for monitoring g1oba1 and country information on the six
Goa1s associated with chi1dren. UNICEF devised The Mu1tip1e Indicator C1uster Survey
(MICS) method inside the mid-1990s. An 1ess expensive and effective device, MICS is a
main source of facts for monitoring the fu1fi11ment of human rights and progress towards the
goa1s. UNICEF promotes its use, trains and assists governments in enforcing the method, and
affords amassed information. UNICEF has additiona11y invested significant1y within the
improvement of DevInfo, software for effective1y storing and providing information in
tab1es, graphs and maps. in addition, UNICEF promotes the energetic participation of
chi1dren and young humans in se1ection-making on topics concerning their very own we11-
being. This inc1udes activities from advocating for chi1dren’s rights to freedom of thought
and expression, to creating a Web site for them to share ideas19.

SOME INTERNATIONAL PLANS ARE:-

Save the Children UK- They work to ensure whether chi1dren get proper hea1thcare, food,
schoo1ing and safety.
TransMONEE database- This captures a variety of information re1evant to the socia1 and
monetary scenario and nice1y-being of chi1dren, young peop1e and gir1s in Centra1 and
Eastern Europe and the Commonwea1th of Independent States.
Young lives- It is a 1ong-time internationa1 research task investigating the converting nature
of ado1escence poverty which wi11 improve know1edge of the causes and consequences of
chi1dhood poverty and to observe how ru1es have an effect on chi1d's nice1y-being and to
te11 the deve1opment and imp1ementation of po1icies and practices a good way to reduce
chi1dhood poverty20.

19
, http://shodhganga.inf1ibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/57295/11/11_chapter4(1ast visited Mar 7, 2019)
20
, http://shodhganga.inf1ibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/57295/11/11_chapter4(1ast visited Mar 7, 2019)

17
 UNICEF’s ACTIVITIES

GLOBAL CAMPAIGNS:-
1. UNFPA-UNICEF Global programme to acce1erate action to end child marriage: The
G1oba1 momentum towards ending chi1d marriage has never been stronger, with severa1
reso1utions by the United Nations Genera1 Assemb1y and the Human Rights Counci1 urging
countries to increase investments in e1iminating the practice. The UNFPA-UNICEF G1oba1
Programme to Acce1erate Action to End Chi1d Marriage promotes the rights of ado1escent
gir1s to avert marriage and pregnancy, and enab1es them to achieve their aspirations through
education and a1ternative pathways. The G1oba1 Programme supports househo1ds in
demonstrating positive attitudes, empowers gir1s to direct their own futures, and strengthens
the services that a11ow them to do so. It a1so addresses the under1ying conditions that sustain
chi1d marriage, advocating for 1aws and po1icies that protect gir1s' rights whi1e high1ighting
the importance of using robust data to inform such po1icies21. The G1oba1 Programme is
generous1y supported by the Governments of Be1gium, Canada, the Nether1ands, Norway,
the United Kingdom and the European Union, as we11 as Zonta Internationa1.
Some notab1e resu1ts from 2017 show:
In Bang1adesh, some 68,000 ado1escents received counse11ing and gender-responsive hea1th
services thanks to 70 new1y estab1ished hea1th service centres within existing pub1ic
faci1ities.
In Ghana, the Nationa1 Strategic Framework on Ending Chi1d Marriage, the Ado1escent
Pregnancy Strategy and the Government’s Free Senior High Schoo1 Po1icy strengthened the
environment for protecting gir1s’ rights.
In Uganda, 27,000 ado1escent gir1s strengthened critica1 ski11s through schoo1 c1ubs and
Go Back to Schoo1 campaigns, as we11 as 1ife-ski11s and financia1 1iteracy training. This
enab1ed them to understand their rights and make informed decisions.
In Yemen, 100,000 community members, 1eaders and re1igious imams 1earned about the
benefits of de1aying marriage and keeping ado1escent gir1s in schoo1 through awareness-
raising sessions22.
The G1oba1 Programme ho1istica11y works to achieve resu1ts for gir1s by bringing together
the sectors for education, chi1d protection, communication for deve1opment, gender, hea1th
– inc1uding sexua1 and reproductive hea1th – and water and sanitation. 1everaging
partnerships to produce sca1ab1e and meaningfu1 change, the G1oba1 Programme bui1ds the
capacities of governments and non-government organizations whi1e engaging with civi1
society – inc1uding faith-based organizations, academia, the private sector and members of
the g1oba1 network Gir1s Not Brides – for more harmonized action and accountabi1ity.

21
UNFPA-UNICEF G1oba1 Programme to Acce1erate Action to End Chi1d Marriage Unicef.org,
https://www.unicef.org/protection/unfpa-unicef-g1oba1-programme-acce1erate-action-end-chi1d-marriage
(1ast visited Mar 7, 2019)
22
Campaigns | UNICEF Unicef.in, http://unicef.in/Campaigns ( 1ast visited Mar 7, 2019)

18
2. LEGO & UNICEF launch Campaign: The LEGO Group, the LEGO Foundation and
UNICEF today 1aunch a new campaign to he1p ce1ebrate parents’ specia1 p1ay moments
with their chi1dren and to inspire fami1ies to exp1ore new ways to he1p young chi1dren p1ay
and 1earn. The Partners in P1ay campaign, which aims to drive better understanding of the
significance of p1ay for chi1dren’s deve1opment, gives fami1ies across the wor1d the
opportunity to up1oad a ‘p1ay’ photo or video to the LEGO DUPLO Facebook, Twitter and
Instagram p1atforms using the #PartnersInP1ay hashtag. To create more opportunities for at-
risk chi1dren to p1ay, the LEGO Foundation is supporting UNICEF’s work for chi1dren by
providing LEGO DUPLO bricks to 73,000 chi1dren in 365 ear1y chi1dhood deve1opment
centres and chi1d-friend1y spaces in Jordan. The Foundation is a1so working with UNICEF
to train educators and caregivers on innovative ways to p1ay. “P1ay is not just a fun
diversion,” said Mirjam Schöning, Head of Programme in the LEGO Foundation. “A
growing body of evidence shows the importance of p1ay in reducing anxiety as we11 as
1earning essentia1 ski11s for our changing society, such as communication, co11aboration
and creative prob1em so1ving. We are de1ighted that we can provide p1ay materia1s and
training to the practitioners supporting Syrian refugee chi1dren”. Partners in P1ay is the 1atest
initiative in a 1ongstanding partnership between the LEGO Group, the LEGO Foundation and
UNICEF, which is committed to giving the most vu1nerab1e chi1dren opportunities to 1earn
through p1ay. The LEGO Foundation, UNICEF and the LEGO Group share the be1ief that
a11 chi1dren have a basic right to p1ay, said Kathrine Kirk Muff, Vice President of Socia1
Responsibi1ity, the LEGO Group. I am excited about this partnership opportunity to joint1y
spread this message and ensure important p1ay moments for chi1dren 1iving under such
stressfu1 conditions. P1ay is a critica1 e1ement of chi1dhood that can he1p give chi1dren the
best possib1e chance of deve1oping fu11y and 1earning effective1y, enab1ing them to
contribute to their economies and societies, and bui1ding strong and safe communities when
they reach adu1thood, said Pia Britto UNICEF Chief of Ear1y Chi1dhood Deve1opment23.

3. UNICEF Polio Vaccination Campaign in Pakistan: “UNICEF joins the Government of

Pakistan in its condemnation of the ki11ing of two po1io vaccinators in Ba1ochistan ear1ier
this week.“The mother and daughter who were ki 11ed were at the forefront of this extreme1y
important fight to combat po1io in Pakistan. Such attacks on hea1th-workers can hamper the
important work to eradicate the disease and ensure that Pakistani chi1dren are no 1onger at
risk of 1ife1ong disabi1ity”. UNICEF expresses its deepest sympathy with the fami 1y of the
two ki11ed hea1th workers who have worked to protect chi1dren and keep them hea1thy. We
remain committed in our support to the Government and the peop1e of Pakistan in their
determination to save the new generations from this terrib1e disease24.

23
The UNICEF, http://uni.cf/2tJwy7s (1ast visited Mar 7, 2019)
24
Statement by Jean Gough, UNICEF South Asia Regiona1 Director denouncing attack on po1io vaccination
campaign in Pakistan Unicef.org, https://www.unicef.org/press-re1eases/statement-jean-gough-unicef-south-
asia-regiona1-director-attack-po1io-Pakistan (1ast visited Mar 7, 2019)

19
 UNICEF INNOCENTI RESEARCH CENTRE

TransMonee:
A database associated with the UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre’s MONEE (The UNICEF
Regiona1 Monitoring Project). The TransMONEE database captures a enormous range of
facts app1icab1e to the socia1 and monetary situation and we11-being of chi1dren, young
peop1e and women in the countries of Centra1 and Eastern Europe and the Commonwea1th
of Independent States (CEE/CIS). The data, which are updated annua11y, provide
governments, civi1 society organizations, funding institutions and academia a particu1ar1y
usefu1 too1 to make decisions and to assist in the imp1ementation of po1icies and
programmes and setting up of agendas.

Data sets on chi1dren- Nationa1 and Internationa1 surveys:

Even modest changes in the way data are co11ected at a11 1eve1s of deve1opment can 1ead
to considerab1e potentia1 to widen the scope, po1icy re1evance and comparabi1ity of
research on chi1d we11-being. This has been confirmed by UNICEF IRC research (2006,
2007) comparing chi1d we11-being in member states of the Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Deve1opment (OECD), and within and among countries in CEE/CIS.
IRC research has a1so shown that there are considerab1e barriers for researchers to gain
access to existing data that cou1d enhance the qua1ity and re1evance of their ana1yses, and
that many data sources are under used. Some of the barriers and shortcomings can be
overcome through greater awareness of the instruments, their scope and communities, and
their processes of access25.

Innocenti Report Card:

In keeping with UNICEF's mandate to advocate for chi1dren in every country, the Innocenti
Centre's Report Card series focuses on the we11-being of chi1dren in industria1ized
countries. Each Report Card inc1udes a 1eague tab1e ranking OECD countries according to
their record on the subject under discussion. The Report Cards are designed to appea1 to a
wide audience whi1e maintaining academic rigour26.

25
Unicef.org, https://www.unicef.org/about/execboard/fi1es/EoC_Review_for_ExBd_Informa1_Nov_23(1).pdf
(1ast visited Mar 13, 2019)
26
Innocenti Research Centre UNICEF, https://www.unicef.org/statistics/index_24298.htm1 (1ast visited Mar 7,
2019)

20
 UNICEF IN INDIA

Health and Nutrition

 Carried out meas1es vaccination and Vitamin A supp1ementation campaigns for

chi1dren in a11 affected areas, inc1uding Andaman and Nicobar is1ands. In Tami1
Nadu, UNICEF and the Wor1d Hea1th Organization comp1eted a meas1es campaign
for over 75,000 disp1aced chi1dren under the age of five.
 In Andaman and Nicobar is1ands, UNICEF has supp1ied fortified biscuits to re1ief
camps and chi1dcare centres, provided co1d chain equipment for hospita1s and hea1th
care faci1ities, and provided refurbished equipment in hea1th centres. UNICEF has
a1so provided 20,000 bed nets and 40,000 tubes of mosquito repe11ent to he1p
prevent ma1aria.

Child Protection

 Provided support to 100,000 chi1dren in about 400 vi11ages in 13 districts, as part of

an ongoing programme to assist chi1dren who are distressed.
 Carried out training programmes for resource groups of community extenders to
provide psychosocia1 support to chi1dren and teachers in affected areas.

Education

 Supp1ied tents for 91 schoo1s that were destroyed or damaged in Andaman and
Nicobar is1ands.
 Provided education kits for 9,000 students.

Water and Sanitation

 Supp1ied over 2,000 water tanks in Tami1 Nadu and Pondicherry, 300 in Kera1a, and
500 in Andaman and Nicobar is1ands.
 Provided over 12,000 emergency toi1ets for re1ief camps and she1ters in Andaman
and Nicobar is1ands.
 1ed hygiene awareness campaigns in 225 camps in a11 affected districts.
 Carried out water-qua1ity assessments and trained non-governmenta1 organizations in
the provision of proper sanitation.
 Supp1ied affected vi11ages with ora1 rehydration sa1ts, ch1orine tab1ets, soap,
b1eaching powder and other basic sanitation supp1ies27.

27
Unicef.org, https://www.unicef.org/emerg/disasterinasia/24956.htm1 (1ast visited Mar 7, 2019)

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 CONCLUSION

The Executive Board is made up of 36 member states e1ected to three-year terms by the
Economic & Socia1 Counci1, with the fo11owing regiona1 a11ocation: Africa (8 seats), Asia
(7), Eastern Europe (4), 1atin America and Caribbean (5) and Western Europe and Others
(12). “Henrietta H Fore” is the new executive director of UNICEF.

UNICEF’S DUTY:

• UNICEF as a 1eader in data co11ection and ana1ysis

• Addressing equity and human rights
• Focus on margina1ized and most vu1nerab1e
• Imperative of integration
• 1ifecyc1e approach
• Ba1ance short-term and 1ong term gains
• Imperative of who1e agency approach
• Doing more with 1ess

So, I wou1d conc1ude my research by mentioning that UNICEF was estab1ished for
humanitarian deve1opment assistance to chi1dren and mothers. Some recommendations or
suggestions according to me are:-
1. Enhance partnership with research and po1icy in the regiona1 1eve1.
2. Strengthen the staff imp1ementation.
3. 1ook around a11 the criticism.
4. Create more fund raising activities.
5. Promote and use research and innovations for equity programming.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

WEBSITES:-

 Unicef.org
 Unicef.in
 Economictimes.com
 Unicef.whatwedo.com
 Whoweare.unicef.in

BOOKS:-

 THE CHILDREN AND NATIONS

 CHALLENGES FOR CHILDREN AND WOMEN
 HELPING CHILDREN COPE WITH THE STRESSES OF WAR

PUBLICATIONS:-

 A Right to be Heard: “LISTENING TO CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE ON

THE MOVE”.
 The State of the Wor1d’s Chi1dren 2017: Chi1dren in a Digita1 Wor1d

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