A STUDY ON IMPACT OF PROMOTION CAMPAIGN TOWARDS

CUSTOMER AWARENESS

(With Reference to – TVS Fortune In Guntur)

Management Thesis Submitted to

K L University Business School
In partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of degree of
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Submitted by
Venkata NarasimhaRao.T
Reg No: 09101963

Under the Guidance of

Mr.S.RAMESH BABU

KL UNIVERSITY BUSINESS SCHOOL, KL UNIVERISTY

VADDESWARAM, GUNTUR DIST
2009-2011

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 A STUDY ON IMPACT OF PROMOTION CAMPAIGN
TOWARDSCUSTOMER AWARENESS

(With Reference to – TVS Fortune in Guntur)

Management Thesis Submitted to

K L University Business School
In partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of degree of
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Submitted by
Venkata Narasimha Rao.T
Reg No: 09101969
Submitted on: 3-12-2010

Under the Guidance of

Mr.S.RAMESH BABU

POST GRADUATE DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

KL UNIVERSITY BUSINESS SCHOOL
VADDESWARAM, GUNTUR DIST
2009-2011

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Management Thesis titled “A STUDY ON IMPACT OF

PROMOTION CAMPAIGN TOWARDSCUSTOMER AWARENESS (With Reference to –
TVS Fortune in Guntur” submitted by me to Mr.S.RAMESH BABU Associate

Professor my Faculty Supervisor during Semester III of the MBA Program (The
Class of 2009 - 2011) in partial fulfillment of my MBA Program requirements
embodies original work done by me.

Signature of the Student

Name : Venkata Narasimharao.T

Enrolment No. : 09101963

Signature of the Faculty Supervisor :

Name : Mr.S.RAMESH BABU

Designation : Associate Professor

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 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this management thesis report entitled “A STUDY ON IMPACT
OF PROMOTION CAMPAIGN TOWARDSCUSTOMER AWARENESS (With Reference
to – TVS Fortune in Guntur” has prepared by me in partial fulfillment of the

requirement for the award of degree of Master of Business Administration under the
guidance of Mr.S.Ramesh Babu, Associate Professor of KLUBS.

I also declare that this project is the result of my own efforts and it has not
been submitted to another university for the award of any Degree or Diploma.

Place:
Date:

(Venkata NarasimhaRao.T)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to my Institute KLUBS because of

which I got this opportunity to work on the management thesis. I must also express
my thanks to all the faculty members of my Institute who extended all help and
cooperation, as and when required. My special thanks to Mrs. Dr.G.Suneetha,
Associate Professor of KLUBS.who gave valuable guidance to me, without that my
thesis would not have been possible.

I take this opportunity to thank those who helped me to make this thesis a better
work through their constructive criticism, helpful suggestion and over all support.

I am honored to extend my sincere thanks to my HOD Mrs.Dr.Sheela Srivastava

and XHOD Mrs. V. Rama Devi for expressing their faith on us by assigning this
management thesis work. Their ideas and support always guide me in the
completion of the thesis in time with their advice and encouragement stood us in
good stead and a constant source of inspiration for my throughout the tenure of
thesis work.

I acknowledge the cooperation of those individuals who had taken time to

participate in filling questionnaire without which my thesis would have been
incomplete.

I am also thankful to my family, friends for their support in successful completion

of this thesis

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 INDEX

SERIOL NO. PAGE NO.

TOPIC
I. STUDENT DECLARATION 4

II. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 5
III. BONAFIED CERTIFICATE 6
IV. LIST OF ABRIVATIONS 7

V. 8
ABSTRACT
VI. 9-25
INTRODUCTION
VII. COMPANY PROFILE 25-31

VIII. 39-44
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
IX. 36-42
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
X. EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS 45-47
XI. GRAPHS & INTERPRETATION 48-66
XII. FINDINGS 76-79
XIII. CONCLUSION 80
QUESTIONNAIRE
XIV. 80-82

XV. BIBLIOGRAPHY 83
XVI. GLOSSARY 84

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 LIST OF TABLES

FIGURE DESCRIPTION PAGE

NUMBER NUMBER
1 PRODUCTION TRENDS IN 13
AUTOMOBLES
2 Two-Wheeler: Player wise share in 14
domestic sales
3 TVS FORTUNE SPECIFICTIONS 15
4 TVS FORTUNE BIKE PICTURE 19
5 DETERMNEING AGE GROUP 48
6 DETERMNEING AGE GROUP 49
7 OCCUPATION 49
8 INCOME PROFILE 50
9 SELOF BIKEECTION 51
10 AWARE OF ELECTRIC BIKE 52
11 WHICH E-BIKE DO YOU 53
HEARD
12 DO YOU TVS FORTUNE E-BIKE 54
13 HOW DO YOU COME TO 55
KNOW TVS E-BIKE
14 PROMOTIONOL CAMPAIGN 56
15 FEATURES OF TVS E-BIKE 57
16 PURCHASE OF TVS FORTUNE 57
17 WHICH TVS FORTUNE 58
FEATURE ARE INTRESTED
18 PROMOTIONAL CAMPAIGN 58
BUYING DECISION

19 LIKELY PERIOD OF TVS 61

FORTUNE
20 SUGGEST TVS FORTUNE TO 61
YOUR FRIENDS/RELATIVES
21 FACTORS TO PURCHASE E- 62

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 BIKE
22 WHICH BRAND E-BIKE DO 63
YOU HAVE
23 PROMOTIONAL CAMPAIGN 63
INFLUENCES THE BUYING
DECISION
24 E-BIKE SATISFY YOUR 63
EXPECTATIONS
25 EXISTING BRAND OF E-BIKE 65
26 MILEGE OF E-BIKE 65
27 BATTERY PROBLEM OF E- 68
BIKE

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

TVS TRUST VALUE SERVICE

RET RETAILING

MKT MARKETING

E-BIKE ELECTRIC BIKE

FT FORTUNE

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ABSTRACT

An electric bicycle, also known as an e-bike, is a bicycle with an electric motor used to
power the vehicle. There are numerous benefits- environmental and physical, which electric bikes
have to offer. These are the perfect commuters for those moving about for short distances each
day. For those who do not which to spend the extra buck on gasoline, electric bikes have ushered
in a new ray of hope. Just plug them and after a few hours of recharging, you would be ready to
commute. Yes, these do not go as fast as other modes of transport, but then, within the city limits,
you don’t need to go that fast, would you?

Electric bikes are also perfect for those who want to get the benefits of cycling, but
are incapable of peddling for long distances. The TVS thesis carried out give the whole awareness

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initiative program me carried out in and around Guntur with various programmers like Burrakatha
(a cultural form of street play) giving all the required details about the bike with suspense and
educating the customers with bike features. The awareness street play gives a theme (Life mein
Lift) of how the use of bike can uplift their daily life to a new height with the introduction of some
brand ambassadors; a common man selected one among them for the programme.

The thesis is the research study carried on by these type of initiative programmes with all
the methodologies and hypothesis that helps both the company as well as the customer about the
level of impact on customers and can bring the use of electric bikes in rural India.

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 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

Indian auto mobile industry is the ninth largest in the world producing around 2.3 million
units. The Indian Auto mobile industry comprises of two wheelers, three wheelers and cars. The
two wheelers segment can be broadly classified into:

 Scooters

 Mopeds and Scotterettes

 Motor Bikes

 E-bikes

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 Scooters are the obsolescent products and the production of the scooters is low, in fact, it is null.
Bajaj, LML are well renowned companies in this segment.

Mopeds and Scotterettes is the other segment which experiences heavy competition. These vehicles
are very comfortable as they don’t have clutch and gear system. These set of two wheelers are a hit among
people over the age group of 45, women and the young adults. These two wheelers are lighter which makes
them easier to handle, they come with a digital ignition system to do away with the inconvenience of the
kick start. Scotterettes and moped segment amount for a quarter of the two wheeler market share in India
and about 8% of all the exports which takes place from the country. One company which has remained in
the forefront of Scotterettes and mopeds manufacturing in the country is TV Sundram Iyengar and Sons
Limited (TVS), they were the first to launch an indigenous Scotterettes in the Sub 100 cc category in the
year 1984. Incidentally the company had also launched a two-seater 50 cc moped in the year 1980.

Motorcycles have come a long way since they were first introduced in the country way back in the
1950s. The Indian government had got the first set of these mean machines from the Royal Enfield
Company of UK for its' Army and Police to patrol the border highways on the rough and tough terrain of
the West. Today these sets of two wheelers not only cater to the men in uniform, but also common people
who have different needs and expectations from their motorcycles. Today motorcycle companies are taking
special care to make their products more user friendly comfortable, safe, and ergonomic without
compromising on the fun and thrills of riding. Some bikes like the Hero Honda Karizma can touch speeds
up to 125kmph thus truly satisfying the riders need for speed. The trend of motorcycles have caught up with
the average Indian and there a bike to suit everyone's needs and usage. Premium Segment bikes like the
Hero Honda Karizma and Bajaj Pulsar provides the Generation Y a chance to emulate their idols on screen.
These motorcycles come with 5 speed gear box and disc brakes to provide one the extra throttle with the
adequate safety measure. Kinetic Acquila the premium segment bike from Kinetic has headlamp that turns
head. These motorcycles also come with factory fitted allow wheels to provide the extra strength and
stability. The Enfield Bullet enjoys a loyal following among its users; people who ride these heavy
machines once always vouch for their sturdiness and stability. Bullet clubs have cropped up in various
cities of the country like Bangalore, where motorcycle users who are in love with their machines frequent
the road less traveled. India has a burgeoning middle class, which means that value for money bikes like the
Hero Honda splendor; Bajaj Discover and TVS Victor have retained their importance with every passing
day. These bikes are a hit among the office goers and small time business men who demand maximum

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output from their two wheelers. Motorcycles like the Hero Honda splendor come in a wide range of colors
and give an average mileage of 70 km per liter. The entry level segment of motorcycles also has a cut throat
competition with the two wheeler manufacturers trying to outdo each other by providing that extra edge in
economy biking. Some of the bikes which are available at the entry level include the Hero Honda CD
Dawn, Yamaha Crux, TVS Star and Bajaj CT 100. The TVS motor company has posted strong growth due
to the growing popularity of TV Star across all markets. TV Star has an engine displacement of 99.7 cc and
claims to give an average of over 100 kmpl. Thus the Indian motorcycle users have a lot of option across all
levels to kick start his riding.

A major growth in the automobiles sales over the years can be noticed, however the composition of
the two-wheeler industry has witnessed sea changes in the post-reform period. In 1991, the share of
scooters was about 50 per cent of the total 2-wheeler demand in the Indian market. Motorcycle and moped
had been experiencing almost equal level of shares in the total number of two-wheelers. In 2003-04, the
share of motorcycles increased to 78 per cent of the total two-wheelers while the shares of scooters and
mopeds declined to the level of 16 and 6 per cent respectively. A clear picture of the motorcycle segmental
share gaining importance during this period is exhibited by the figure given below of segmental share of
two-wheeler industry during the period 1993-94 through 2003-04.

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 fig:1:EMERGING TRENDS

Nature of Two-Wheeler Industry

The total size of the Indian two-wheeler industry stood at Rs 288 million in 2007-08, with total
volumes of around 80 million units. The industry, which is dominated by Hero Honda, Bajaj Auto and
TVS Motors, is divided into three segments - motorcycles, scooters and mopeds. Motorcycles dominate
the two-wheeler industry, both in terms of volume and value. In 2007-08, the share of motorcycles in the
domestic two-wheeler market was around 80 per cent while scooters and mopeds accounted for 15 per cent
and 5 per cent share, respectively.

Fig. Two-Wheeler: Player wise share in domestic sales

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Milestones:

 1980- India’s first 2 setter 50cc moped TVS 50 was launched.

 1984- TVS became first Indian company to introduce Indo-Japanese 100cc motor cycles.
 1994- TVS launched India’s first Indigenous Scotterettes, TVS Scooty, for women.
 1996- Introduced India’s first catalytic converter enabled motorcycle, SHOGUN.
 1997- Launched India’s first 5-speed motorcycle, the SHAOLIN.
 2000- Launched Fiero, India’s first 150cc, 4-stroke motorcycle.
 2001- Launched TVS Victor 110cc, India’s first indigenous motorcycle.
 2002- TVS became the world’s first two wheeler company to win the most prestigious recognition
in Total Quality Management-the Deming Award 2002.
 2002- TVS wins Technology Award from Ministry of Science, Government of India for successful
commercialization of indigenous technology.
 2004- TVS wins TPM Excellence Award from Japan Institute of Plant Maintenance (JIPM).
 2005- TVS launched its plant in Indonesia.
 2007- TVS launched 7 new products and a plant in Himachal Pradesh at Nalagarh.
 2008- TVS bags two coveted IT Awards sep-2008 SAP ACE Awards 2008 and Symantec South
Asian Visionary Award.

An electric bicycle, also known as an e-bike, is a bicycle with an electric motor

used to power the vehicle. There are numerous benefits- environmental and physical, which
electric bikes have to offer. These are the perfect commuters for those moving about for short
distances each day. For those who do not which to spend the extra buck on gasoline, electric
bikes have ushered in a new ray of hope. Just plug them and after a few hours of recharging,
you would be ready to commute. Yes, these do not go as fast as other modes of transport, but
then, within the city limits, you don’t need to go that fast, would you

Rated Weight On road range (km)

Model Speed Battery
Power (kg) Trial #1 Trial #2 Trial #3
Fortune L 250 W 25-30 kmph 48V/12AH 64.7 39.4 47.2 48.2

\\

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 An Electric Bike or Scooter is a battery operated vehicle that is very economical
With low maintenance cost and zero pollution. Electric two wheelers use the electrical technology
of rechargeable battery that converts the electrical energy into mechanical energy. The battery of
an EV can be charged easily using power connection. There are many possible types of electric
motorized bicycles with several technologies available, varying in cost and complexity; direct-
drive and geared motor units are both used. An electric power-assist system may bead to almost
any pedal cycle using chain drive, belt drive, hub motors or friction drive.

The power levels of motors used are influenced by available legal categories and are often
limited to fewer than 700 watts. Electric bicycles use rechargeable batteries, electric motors and
some form of control. This can be a simple as an on-off switch but is more usually an electronic
pulse width modulation control. Electric bicycles developed in Switzerland in the late 1980s for
the Tour de Sol solar vehicle race came with solar charging stations but these were later fixed on
roofs and connected so as to feed into the electric mains.[13] The bicycles were then charged from
the mains, as is common today. Battery systems in use include lead-acid, NiCad, Nish andLi-
iobatteries.Electricmotorized bicycles can be power-on-demand, where the motor isactivated by a
handlebar mounted throttle, and/or a pedelec (from pedalelectric), also known as electric assist,
where the electric motor is regulated bypedalling. These have a sensor to detect the pedalling
speed, the pedaling force, or both. An electronic controller provides assistance as a function of the
sensorinputs, the vehicle speed and the required force. Most controllers also provide for manual
adjustment Range is a key consideration with electric bikes, and is affected by factors suchas
motor efficiency, battery capacity, efficiency of the driving electronics, aerodynamics, hills and
weight of the bike and rider. The range of an electricbike is usually stated as somewhere between
7 km (uphill on electric poweronly) to 70 km (minimum assistance) and is highly dependent on
whether or notthe bike is tested on flat roads or hills. Some manufacturers, such as theCanadian
BionX or American E+ (manufactured by Electric Motion Systems), have theoption of using
regenerative braking, the motor acts as a generator toslow the bike down prior to the brake pads
engaging. This is useful forextending the range and the life of brake pads and wheel rims. There
are alsoexperiments using fuel cells. e.g. the PHB. Some experiments have also beenundertaken
with super capacitors to supplement or replace batteries for cars and Some SUVS.

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 Electric bikes are also perfect for those who want to get the benefits of cycling, but are
incapable of peddling for long distances.The TVSthesis carried out give the whole awareness
initiative programme carried out in and around Guntur with various programmes like Burrakatha
(a cultural form of street play) giving all the required details about the bike with suspense and
educating the customers with bike features. The awareness street play gives a theme (Life mein
Lift) of how the use of bike can uplift their daily life to a new height with the introduction of some
brand ambassadors; a common man selected one among them for the programme.

The thesis is the research study carried on by these type of initiative programmes with all
the methodologies and hypothesis that helps both the company as well as the customer about the
level of impact on customers and can bring the use of electric bikes in rural India.

Indian two-wheeler industry has embraced the new concept of Electric Bikes and Scooters
that are very popular mode of personal transport in the developed countries like America, Japan
and China. With the rising cost of fuel at International and national level, increasing levels of
pollution and congestion in transport system specially in Urban areas, higher running and
maintenance cost of vehicle, the electrically charged bikes or scooters have very bright future in
area of personal transportation.

The two-wheeler market has recently received further blow after the decision of price hike
taken by Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) along with rising trend of
inflation (more than 10%). Both these issues have opened new avenues for battery operated bikes
that are getting popularly known as E-bikes’-bikes are battery operated, economical, zero
pollution and a pleasure-to-ride two wheeler E-bikes are based on power technology wherein a
rechargeable battery replaces the conventional engine. E-bikes can be charged easily as a mobile
phone. Moreover, we do not require a license and registration to ride E-bikes. It is quite clear that
this bike is completely environment friendly that provides smooth and safe drive .The energy
costs of operating electric bicycles are small, but there can be Considerable battery replacement
costs. Riding an electric bicycle to work or tithe store instead of taking a car has long term
financial gains. Solar power impossible when charging an electric bicycle.

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 Global warming is a major concern all around and to save Mother Earth, there are several
policies, promises and pledges. With the ever increasing emission of greenhouse gases, there is an
increased fear of environment pollution at every step. With modern technology and innovation,
transportation and communication have undergone a paradigm shift. Along with this, we are also
experiencing the negative effects of industrialization in the form of global warming. Under these
circumstances, when there are traffic jams, when you need to run an errand at an odd hour of the
day, when you need to go to workplace quickly, you stumble and fumble as there are so many
vehicles
Emitting soot and CO2 polluting the air incessantly. With increased number of fossil-fuel
dependent vehicles, they not only add to greater level of pollution butane also leading to depletion
of fuel resource. It is here that automobile companies felt the need to innovate motorized vehicle
that will get charged through electricity and will not be depending on fossil fuels. This led to
expansion of eco-friendly initiatives and many automobile Manufacturing companies invested in
research and development to bring forth electric bikes that will help people save a few bucks by
reducing consumption of already spiraling fuel price, besides fighting global warming. Most
electric bikes are emission-free bikes and this is the USP of the company’s manufacturing them in
these days of global warming. It will not add to urban pollution
.
The only thing required is to keep this bike charged with a battery.
Electric bike manufacturing is considered as a grass root movement away from fossil fuels.
Definitely, electric bikes are not the only answer to our environment problem, but it definitely will
help us to treat environment better. These electric bikes will not make pollution worse and that
makes e bikes environmentally safe vehicle It can be charged with the help of inverter and
generator too. In one charge, these electric bikes can go up to 50km and has no tail pipe
emissions. It also makes no noise while under operation. The best part of electric vehicles is that
they can be run with no registration and license. In the manufacture and production of electric
bikes, the main constraint is the battery in the bumpy roads. Batteries get deteriorated at a fast rate
due to excessive current fluctuation. Batteries need frequent replacement and that is the greatest
concern for the most Indian companies who manufacture these electric bikes. The replacement
cost of the batteries hover around Rs. 5000, but\otherwise the maintenance cost of electric bikes is
almost negligible. There is a growing market potential of electric bikes in India; however, speed

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might not be the attractive feature of these e-bikes, they will cater you to run the short distances
maybe home to office or home to college; but these are safer vehicles with benefit of almost no
pollution. So instead of kicking a 100 cc motorbike, just press the start button of electric bike and
vroom your way friendly on the roads. It is evident that electric bikes can reduce the air pollution.
But there are also some environmental problems caused due to these electric bikes. Disposal of
worn out batteries can be a cause of major concern for environmentalists. If this can be addressed,
electric bikes can definitely reduce environment pollution.

Economic conditions around the world have been very encouraging. Global growth which
as 4.8% in 2005, 4.9% in 2006 and still below 5% in 2009 and is expected to hover around this
level in the current year also. While the Chinese economy is growing at around 10% without any
signs of slow down, the Indian economy is also continuing to grow at more than 8%. In the
coming years, I am expecting that the Indian economy will be booming owing to the heavy
demand on infrastructure. Energy sector is growing by leaps and bounds as it is receiving the
highest attention of both the State Governments and Central Government.
India has moved from an agrarian economy to a manufacturing economy. The manufacturing
sector now contributes around one-fourth of the total GDP and the industrial output has now
crossed USD 65 Billion in value.
Global steel production is continuing its growth and the production in 2006 crossed 1.2
billion ton mark. In spite of some control measures adopted by Chinese Government the crude
steel registered an impressive growth and has crossed 450 million tons. India is also witnessing a
huge growth in steel production and it is expected that steel industry will continue to grow by
more than 12% per annum. Inable economic growth of India as well as rest of the world will
depend on

The various e-bikes existing in the market are shown below

 Yash e- bike
 Hero e-bike
 Ultramotor
 TVs fortune e-bike

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 BSA e-bike

FIG4:TVS FORTUNE E-BIKE PICTURE

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 It is significant to note that more than 20% of the world’s total primary energy is
consumed in transportation. There are more than 410 million cars currently in the world and in
another 20 years the automobile population will reach one billion marks. It is also significant to
note that after 1970 the new oil discoveries have been very few and any new discoveries will not
make any significant contribution to the world’s energy pool.

Transportation sector which consumes a large share of energy resource of the country also
contributes significantly towards pollution. We at Electro herm have made it our mission to
provide vehicles which are emission free, which do not use petroleum products and which are
inexpensive to acquire and operate. Our launch of battery operated Zoom Bikes has been highly
successful and Electro herm is now developing several new vehicles for the Indian market. Electro
herm will continue to provide leadership in this segment by delivering innovative, cost effective,
practical and environmental friendly electric vehicles.
Economic and environmental forces are frequently pitted against each other and many a times the
financial cost of environmental friendly technologies and goods is so high that one has to strike a
balance or look for Government subsidies. Our Electric Vehicles are unique in this aspect as they
are not only economical but also environment friendly

Electric bikes or scooters, light in weight, trendy, efficient and eco-friendly, are becoming
potent alternative to the conventional two-wheelers and the Electric two-wheeler industry in India
is developing at rapid speed. Have a look at the unavoidable advantages of Electric Bikes and
Scooters:

 License and registration is not required for E Bikes and Scooters.

 Electric two wheelers run on re-chargeable battery and uses electricity as fuel in place of
conventional Petrol/Diesel.
 E Bikes and Scooters can beat the rising prices of Petrol/Diesel.
 Simple design, light weight and economical Electric vehicles are very low in running and
maintenance cost.
 With the ease of handling, Electric two wheelers save the commuting time in congested
roads especially in urban areas.

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  Electric vehicles are more efficient in terms of generating usable energy from their electric
engine's battery in comparison to the regular fuel conversion. In this way E Bikes and
Scooters are innovative and efficient mode of personal transport.
 Electric bikes or scooters use electricity therefore no emission of harmful gases like
Carbon dioxide (CO2) or Nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
 TVS Group is one of India's oldest business groups. It is a giant conglomerate with
presence in diverse fields like automotive component manufacturing, automotive
dealerships and electronics. Today, there are over thirty companies in the TVS Group,
employing more than 40,000 people worldwide and with a turnover in excess of USD 2.2
billion.

TVS Group originated as a transport company in 1911. TV SundaramIyengar and

Sons Limited is the parent and holding company of the TVS Group. TV Sundaram Iyengar
and Sons Limited have the following three divisions. The TVS Group traces its origins to a
rural transport service, founded in 1911 in Tamil Nadu, India. Today, this renowned
business conglomerate remains faithful to its core ideals of trust, values, service and ethics.
As per the terms of the Collaboration, Suzuki agreed to furnish complete technical
information and know-how, trade secrets and other data. After this, the company became a
public limited company on 12th January 1984.

Major Components of an Electric Bike or Scooter ELECTRIC HUB MOTOR to drive the
rear wheel directly and there are two types of Electric Hub Motor i.e. DC Brush Motor and DC
Brush less motor having two basic parts namely Permanent Magnet Stator and Wound Rotor.

ELECTRONIC MOTORCONTROLLER is the central controlling unit of any Electric two

wheelers provides electric power to the motor based on inputs from the accelerator.

ELECTRONIC ACCELERATOR sends electronic signals to the Electronic Motor Controller to

maneuver the bike or scooter.

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BATTERY PACK is like the fuel tank of E Bike or Scooter. There are different kinds of batteries
like Lead Acid, Nickel Metal Hydrate (Ni-MH), Lithium, etc. that are used for supplying energy.

BATTERY CHARGER is used to charge the battery pack of E Bikes or Scooters, just like a
mobile phone or a laptop. Some battery chargers are in-built and some are separate that carried
always on the move. The charger converts an AC supply to DC to store power in the battery and it
can be used with any normal domestic AC plug point. This makes charging of battery pack easy
and convenient.

Company’s vision of electric-bike.

Vision:
A world class engineering major, catering to manufacturing and metallurgical sector alongwith
leadership in electric vehicles.

Core Values:
 Business ethics
 Customer Focus
 Professional pride
 Mutual Respect
 Speed and innovation
 Excellence in manufacturing
 Total quality

Corporate Mission:
Develop and provide reliable metallurgical equipment, products and services at competitive
prices, integrating best manufacturing practices and providing innovative and eco friendly
technologies and products for the benefit of the society.

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Corporate Objectives:
Business Portfolio Growth:
 To further consolidate Electro herm position as a leading supplier of metallurgical
Equipment in national and international market.
 To grow its engineering capabilities by providing turnkey solutions to the customers and
implement projects from concept to full commercialization.
 To diversify across the electric vehicle business to become a leading player in battery
 Operated vehicles in the country.
 To establish a strong product and services brand in the domestic and international market
.
Customer Focus:
 To develop a special relationship with customers to ensure not only customer delight but
customer success.
 To expand the relationship with existing customers by offering additional services in
 Engineering, energy conservation strategies, environment protection technologies and best
operating practices.
 To expand the customer base by providing them with newer products.

 To use customer feedback for design improvement and new product development.

Dynamic Corporation:
To develop an agile and effective organization which adopts and adapts to the
 Changes in business environment by continuously assessing the opportunities and
 Encashing them and evaluating the threats to mitigate them.
To develop a learning organization having technology based competitive edge in
 Current businesses and future initiatives.21st Annual Report for the year ending March
31,2007

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Performance:
o To continuously improve the performance with emphasis on cycle time reduction
and Cost control in order to sustain long term competitiveness.
o To improve on project execution time and cost to ensure long term viability.
o To operate and maintain the manufacturing facilities at par with the best-run
Engineering and metallurgical companies in the world with respect to productivity,
Equipment availability, operational reliability and product quality.
o To achieve quality by embedding the best practices in all systems and processes.

Human Resource Development:

• To enhance commitment of employees by rewarding and recognizing superior
performance.
• To imbibe a culture of team building, innovation, empowerment and openness in
Order to align all individuals towards the company’s goals.
• To build and sustain learning organization of competent world class engineers and
professionals.
Financial Soundness:
o To continuously strive to reduce cost of capital through prudent deployment of
funds.
o To develop sound commercial policies which ensure reasonable returns and
remuneration
Environment Protection:
o To contribute to reduction in global warming and pollution by encouraging and
developing environmental friendly technologies and products.
o To become a lead player in developing electric and hybrid electric vehicles which
not only lead to cleaner cities but also will reduce consumption of liquid fuel which
is largely imported by the country?
Research & Development:
o To continue efforts in developing cost effective, reliable and efficient technologies
for Indian and overseas customers.
• To pass on the benefit of Research & Development to the customers.

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 • To carry out research in development of alternate fuels and technologies

o The following are the various e-bikes in India:

 Hero Ultra Advantage

 Hero Ultra Extra

 Hero Ultra Maxi

 Hero Ultra Velocity

 Yo Speed

 Yo Spin

With the reputation gained with help of above products TVS is entering into the e-bike segment
with its new product “TVS FORTUNE”. A test marketing program has been carried out in Guntur
in order to create awareness about the product among the target group.

STRENGTHS:
 Most environment friendly bike with zero pollution.
 Only 7 paisa/km
 No gear makes easy drive and comfort.
 More safety oriented vehicle.
 Saving of crude oil resources.
 Huge capacity expansion to meet demand
 Professional management.
 Company is financially strong.
 It has got strong distribution network.

WEAKNESSES:
 Not suitable for more range of speed.(80+)
 Lack of awareness about electrical bikes.

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 Very less advertisements about electrical bikes.

OPPORTUNITIES:
 Use of Electrical vehicles to drive exponential growth as its noiseless, less polluting and
environment friendly.
 Launch of electrical three wheelers.
 Fuel prices touching the highest peak rates.
 Government subsidies for electrical vehicles.
 People opt for change in new technology.
 Proud of saving earth from global warming.

THREATS:

 Large number of domestic competitors.

 Lack of electricity.
 Increasing prices of raw materials.
 Company is under pressure to cut cost to bring down the prices of the bike because
competitors are offering at low price.

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 COMPANY PROFILE

TVS Motor Company Limited is the flagship company of TVS Group, the USD 4 billion group. The Group
is the third largest two-wheeler manufacturer in India and globally among the top ten, with an annual
turnover of over USD 650 million. Currently, the group has more than 30 companies and employs over
40,000 people worldwide. With steady growth, expansion and diversification, it commands a strong
presence in the manufacturing of two-wheelers, auto components and computer peripherals. They also have
vibrant businesses in the distribution of heavy commercial vehicles (HCV) passenger cars, finance and
insurance. 1980 was the milestone year for TVS when India’s first two-seater moped rolled out. It ushered
in an era of affordable personal transportation. Globally, TVS Motor Company is the first two-wheeler
manufacturer to be honored with the hallmark of Japanese Quality – The Deming Prize for Total Quality
Management. The Company has 4 plants – located at Hosur and Mysore in South India, in Himachal
Pradesh, North India and one at Indonesia. The company has a production capacity of 300 thousand units a
year.

The Q1 revenue in the FY-2010 grows by 41%. The company's revenues grew to Rs. 1392.96 core in the
current quarter ended June 2010 from Rs. 988.70 crore in the quarter ended June 2009. Profit before tax
during the quarter under review grew 151.8% at Rs. 50.47 crore compared to Rs. 20.04 crore recorded in
the comparable period of the previous year. Profit after tax in the current quarter grew 122.8% at Rs. 40.38
crore from Rs. 18.12 crore in the previous comparable quarter. Total two-wheeler sales of the company
grew at 31.4 % in the first quarter of the current fiscal at 4.6 lakh units compared with 3.5 lakh units in the
corresponding period of the previous year. Motorcycles sales grew at 31.5% to 2.04 lakh units in the
reporting quarter from 1.55 lakh units in the quarter ended June 2009. Scooters grew substantially by 41.6
% registering sales of 0.96 lakh units in the current quarter against 0.68 lakh units during the corresponding
quarter of the previous year. TVS Wego and TVS Jive are now available across India and have received
favorable response from the market; however the full volume impact of these launches will be seen in Q2.
Two wheeler exports registered 78.1% growth with sales increasing to 0.57 lakh units in the current quarter

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from 0.32 lakh units in the quarter ended June 2009. Three wheeler sales during the quarter grew by more
than 250% to 7979 units in the quarter ended June 2010 from 2223 units in the quarter ended June 2009.

The Customer Perception Report includes questions in four key areas, Expectations, Purchase
Decisions, Customer Service, and Future Purchases. So thecustomer should be invited to
participate in the survey. Setting realistic expectationsduring the sales process is a vital component
of making happy customers. How acompany sets and meets product and service expectations
plays a pivotal role in fashioning customer opinions. How a company meets or exceeds
expectations ismeasured in three important areas: product/service, support, and price. These three
areaswill be used to factor a score for the Expectations category. The results of the three questions
will be used to factor an overall expectations perception score.The Purchase Decision category
gives us a better understanding of how the customerperceives the purchase process. Two key areas
for questions include an open endedquestion on why they purchased and a ratings question on
their experience. The ratingQuestion data will be used for the analysis of Purchase Decision
category. The openended responses from the “Why” questions will be used for product strengths
analysis.The results of the purchase experience question will be used for the overall
Purchaseperception analysis. Customer service is one of the most important differentiations
accompany can have. For this report, customers will rate a company in three key areas: customer
service, timeliness for problem resolution, and expertise. These three areas will be used to factor a
score for the Customer Service category.

The two-wheeler market has had a perceptible shift from a buyers market to a sellers market with
a variety of choices. Players are competing on various fronts such as pricing, technology, product
design, productivity, sales process, after sales service, marketing anddistribution. In the short
term, market shares of individual manufacturers are sensitivetocapacity, product acceptance,
pricing and competitive pressures from othermanufacturers.All the four segments, Motor Cycles,
Scooters, Scooterettes and Mopeds have witnessedcapacity additions in the last one year and it
will continue in the upcoming period as andwhen the foreign companies opens a local subsidiary.
Over this period as and when theforeign companies’ opens a local subsidiary. Over this period,
only the Motor Cyclesegment is expected witness higher demand vise-versa supply, while the

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Scooters,Scooterettes and Mopeds supply will outstrip demand.As incomes grew and people felt
the need to own a private means of transport, sale of
Two-wheelers rise. Penetration of the two-wheelers is expected to increase to approximately to
more than 25%by 2005.The Motor Cycle segment will continue to lead the demand for two-
wheelers in thecoming years. Motor Cycle sales are expected to increase by 20% as compared to
1%growth in the Scooter market and 3% by Scooterttes and Moped sales respectively for the next
two-years.The Indian two and three wheeler industry produced and sold about 4.5million units
in2003-2004. Like any other Indian Industry, the policy environment guided and controlled this
segment of the industry as well. Licensing norms ruled the day till mid 80’s. Access to foreign
technology inputs and foreign investment were strictly government controlled.Since mid 80’s, the
Indian automobile industry was administered select doses ofliberalization. Foreign collaborations
with equity up to 26%, fresh licenses andconditional CKD imports, etc. were allowed. This
liberalization coupled with the Indianmarket potential attracted world majors like Honda,
Yamaha, Suzuki and Piaggio setuptheir Joint Ventures during mid 80’s in India. From 1991
onwards, the industry was delicensed.Automatic approvals for foreign equity up to 51% and
equity participation in excess of 51% with specific approvals entered the rulebook. Honda
converted one of its Joint Ventures to a 51% subsidiaryOn regulation front, Central Motor
Vehicles Regulations mandates the safety, emissionsand other norms. Vehicular emissions
standards came into effect first in 1991 and weretightened further in 1996. For the two and three
wheeler these are among the tightest inthe world. Further tightening has taken effect from April
2000.The four-stroke Motor Cycle has added new dimensions to the two-wheeler segment.
Themajor players in the Motor Cycle market are Bajaj Auto Ltd. with its Pulsar DTS-i,
HeroHonda Co. with its Hero Honda Karizma. Competition is intense in all segments of thetwo-
wheeler industry with fuel efficiency and price being crucial considerations forsuccess. In the
recent past, a manufacturer’s ability at product innovation and openingnew market niches have
also been crucial for the growth of the industry. Bajaj Auto Ltd.entered the Motor Cycle segment
in the mid 80’s. Since then it has won market sharesincreasing indigenization and by opening new
market niches for their products. Bajaj hasemphasized its higher safety and superior quality. Fuel
efficiency allowed Hero Honda todominate the 100cc Motor Cycle segment for most of the last
eight years. Bajaj Auto Ltd.has gained considerable market share in this segment since it also
launched a four-strokeMotor Cycle two years ago. The 100-cc segment is further power

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(dominated by BajajPulsar DTS-i), fuel economy and sub-segments. The semi-urban and rural
markets willincrease in importance in the future and all manufacturers’ plan to launch heavier
bikeswith stronger suspensions.The relatively affordable and stable prices of Bajaj Motor Cycles
backed by flexible loanoptions have caused other Motor Cycles to continuously lose market share
to them in the previous few years.

The scooter market is dominated by 150cc vehicles from Bajaj Auto and LML, with therest being
served by 100cc variometric scooters from Kinetic Honda.For scooters, northern India is the
major market contributing nearly 46% of the totalscooter sales. Western and southern India take
up second and third position with 27.5%and 15.7% respectively. For our calculations we consider
TVS Scooty sales as part of scooter sales as given bySociety of Indian Automobile Manufacturers
(SIAM).The Indian motorcycle industry can be broadly categorized in to Indian motorcycles and
Indo-Japanese motorcycles. The Indo-Japanese motorcycle segment is dominated by Hero group,
Bajaj and Escorts in collaboration with Japanese vehicle manufacturers Honda, Kawasaki and
Yamaha respectively. The Indian motorcycles segment is dominated by Bajaj (M80), Escorts and
Royal Enfield.In motorcycles sales, western region leads with a market share of 40% of the
totalmotorcycle sales. South and north regions come second and third with a market share
of27.5% and 17.4% of total motorcycle sales respectively.For mopeds southern and western
regions of India are the major contributors with nearly52% and 28% of the over all moped sales.
Looking at the population of moped sales insouth it appears that the sale of mopeds has reached
stagnation.Western and southern region lead in three-wheeler sales with a contribution of 42%
and35.8% of total three-wheeler sales respectively.In terms of two-wheeler vehicle population,
Maharashtra stands first with a population of2.96mn vehicles and Gujarat stands second with
2.64mn vehicles as on March 31st 1997.Tamil Nadu is the third largest state with 2.45mn two-
wheeler population.In terms of three-wheeler vehicle population Maharashtra stands first with a
population of0.39mn and Gujarat in the second place with 0.22mn as on March 31st 1997.
Penetration of Two-Wheelers
On a base of around 28mn vehicles on Indian roads and around 175mn households, therewere
only 160 motorized two-wheelers per thousand households in FY98. This comparespoorly with
countries like Thailand where it is around 600 per thousand households. Alsowith a household
size of 5.5 persons and more than one wage earner in about 60% of thehouseholds, the potential

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for a second vehicle demand is also good.The NCAER in itslatest report on market demographics
has clearly indicated that post-liberalization (ieFY92 to FY96) Indian households have graduated
to higher income groups as canbe seen

TVS Motors was started in the year 1978 by T V Sundaram Iyengar. It is the first independent
Indian company to establish its operations in India. In 1982, TVS Motors collaborated with SUZUKI and
formed an agreement for 15 years. As per the terms of the Collaboration, Suzuki agreed to furnish complete
technical information and know-how, trade secrets and other data. After this, the company became a public
limited company on 12th January 1984. The products of TVS are:

 APACHE RTR 150

 APACHE RTF1 160
 FLAME DS 125
 FLAME SR 125
 JIVE
 STAR CITY
o STAR SPORT
 WEGO
 SCOOTY PEP+
 SCOOTY STREAK
 SCOOTY TEENZ
 TVS KING
 METRO
 VICTOR GLX 125
 VICTOR GX 100
 STAR LX
 MAX 100
 XL-SUPER(2 Stroke)
 XL HEAVY DUTY(2 Stroke)

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Global Plants:

TVS Motors have 4 plants across globe. Out of them 3 are situated in India and 1 is in
Indonesia. The plants are:
 Plant at Hosur in Tamilnadu
 Plant at Mysore in Karnataka
 Plant in Himachal Pradesh
 Plant in Indonesia.

OBJECTIVES OF STUDY:

The objectives set for the study are –

• to find out the awareness of consumer about the TVS fortune electric bike in Guntur.

• to assess the effectiveness of test marketing done by TVS fortune e-bike motors in Guntur.

• to study of the consumers preference towards TVS fortune electric bike.

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DESCRIPITIONOF PROBLEM:

• To study the impact of promotion campaign on customer awareness carried

for the Test Marketing of TVS fortune e-bikes in Guntur.

SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE PROPOSED STUDY

Indian two-wheeler industry has embraced the new concept of Electric Bikes and Scooters
that are very popular mode of personal transport in the developed countries like America, Japan
and China. With the rising cost of fuel at International and national level, increasing levels of
pollution and congestion in transport system specially in Urban areas, higher running and
maintenance cost of vehicle, the electrically charged bikes or scooters have very bright future in
area of personal transportation.
In the light of the above emerging trends in two-wheeler industry, the present study has
been taken up for the following purpose
 To study the impact of the awareness programmes carried for the Test Marketing of the
TVS fortune e-bikes and perception of buyer towards electric-bike in Guntur.
 To study various factors which influence the consumer perception towards e-bike

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LIMITATIONS TO THE STUDY:

Some of the limitations of the study may be summarised as follows

• an underlying assumption for entire project is that the details and feedback received from
population are true.
• It was difficult to find respondents as they were busy in their schedules and collection of
data was very difficult. Therefore study had to be carried out based on availability of
respondents.
• some of the respondents were not ready to fill the questionnaire and some of them not
ready to come out openly.
• Also the sample size of 100 may not truly represent whole population.

• The perception level of the respondents.

• Availability of documents as sources of secondary information.

• Reliability of information collected from various public information sources such as

magazines and website.

• Respondents are not willing to fill the questionnaire.

• Sometimes the respondents are not available at their place.

• Very often the respondent do not express their true feelings, in such case their habit,
preference, practice, cannot be assessed correctly.

7. Some of the respondents refuse to give the important information best known to them.
However in spite of these limitations all efforts have been put to make the report correct, genuine,
and fulfilling the objectives of the reports

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Sources of Data

The success of any event heavily depends upon the way chosen for its execution. This includes
ensures of some basic question to the specific focus on constraints as well. In other words they can
call the methodology as the backbone of any research. It also includes research or study method.
Thus when they talk of methodology they not only talk of methodology they not talk of methods
but also consider the logic behind the methods they use in the context of their study objective and
explain way use are using them so that study results are capable of being evaluated logically.

The research will be done on the basis of primary and secondary data

 Primary data
The primary data is that, which is collected afresh and for the first time, for the present study
direct consumer responses are collected to find the facts based on objectives of the study.

 Secondary data
The secondary data, on the other hand is the data which have been collected through the
statistical process. Both, primary data and secondary data will be used in accomplishment of
objective of the research.

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SAMPLE PLAN
Sampling size: 200
Sampling method: non probability methood
Sampling technique: Convenience sampling
The present thesis will be carried out by a Sample size of 200 customers through convenience
sampling In Guntur city

DATA ANALYSIS: The data collected was edited, coded and tabulated and the results were
subjected to further statistical interventions

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 CHAPTER-2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

URCH38
 Review of Literature

Dr. I. D. de Vries and D. B. Jenman (2006) studied the potential of e-bikes as a low cost
transport facilitator. They did their in South Africa and according to the environment of South
Africa they concluded that as the e-bikes are eco-friendly products they will be of best use to the
people of South Africa but high cost of the e-bikes, considering the poor people, is high, the
people cannot afford to buy the e-bike.

David Michaelson and Don W. Stacks (2007) in their study “Exploring the Comparative
Communications Effectiveness of Advertising and Public Relations: An Experimental Study of
Initial Branding Advantage” presented the effect various promotional and advertising campaigns
in brand building. They concluded that corporate communications, for instance focuses on both
external and internal audiences, thus its practitioners have greater control over placement and
clutter. In advocacy situations the impact of third-party endorsement may boost message impact –
depending of course on the message topic and advocacy position taken (positive, neutral, or
negative) and whether the messaging is proactive or reactive.

It should not be surprising that the anecdotal supports the existence of a value-added multiplier
(e.g., Ivison, 1995; Ruff, 1968). The social scientific approaches however have failed to find
support for something that has been a part of public relations lore for almost half a century
(Cameron, 1994; Hallahan, 1999; Jo, 2004; Loda & Carrick, 2005; Schmidt & Hitchon,
1999; Schumann, Hathcote, & West, 1991; Straughan, Bleske, & Zhao, 1996; van
Reijmersdal, Neijens, & Smit, 2005).

Cause Related Marketing (CRM) represents one of the modern marketing strategies (Taylor,
2007) which are being used by most companies in the western world. Cause related marketing
campaigns can increase the sales of the company by increasing trial purchase, repeat purchase and
/ or promoting multiple unit purchase. Today, most of the companies are using Cause Related

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Marketing as a strategic tool (Till and Nowak, 2000) to build a positive corporate image in the
minds of consumers (Chattananon et al., 2008) which results in enhancing the sales of a
company’s products (Varadarajan and Menon, 1988) and profits as well (Adkins, 2004). Also
consumers have better perceptual associations with those organizations that work with charities
and good causes (Far ache and Perks, 2008).

The Customer Perception Report includes questions in four key areas, Expectations, Purchase
Decisions, Customer Service, and Future Purchases. So the customer should be invited to
participate in the survey. Setting realistic expectations during the sales process is a vital
component of making happy customers. How accompany sets and meets product and service
expectations plays a pivotal role in fashioning customer opinions. How a company meets or
exceeds expectations is measured in three important areas: product/service, support, and price.
These three areas will be used to factor a score for the Expectations category. The results of the
three questions will be used to factor an overall expectations perception score. The Purchase
Decision category gives us a better understanding of how the customer perceives the purchase
process. Two key areas for questions include an open ended question on why they purchased and
a ratings question on their experience. The rating Question data will be used for the analysis of
Purchase Decision category. The open-ended responses from the “Why” questions will be used for
product strengths analysis. The results of the purchase experience question will be used for the
overall Purchase perception analysis. Customer service is one of the most important
differentiations accompany can have. For this report, customers will rate a company in three key
areas: customer service, timeliness for problem resolution, and expertise. These three areas willbe
used to factor a score for the Customer Service category.

Professor and Director of the University Of Miami School Of Communication Program in Public
Relations received his Ph.D. from the University of Florida in Communication Studies in 1978.
After graduating from Northern MichiganUniversity (B.A. in English/Speech), he served in the
U.S. Army as an intelligencebriefer and production specialist. During this time he co-founded the
Journal ofApplied Communication Research. In 1975 he received an M.A. from
AuburnUniversity (Speech Communication). Stacks previously taught at the University ofSouth

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Alabama and the University of Alabama-Tuscaloosa, with visitingprofessorships at the University
of Georgia and the University of Alabama atBirmingham. Stacks is a member of the Commission
on PR Measurement &Evaluation, and a Trustee of the Institute for Public Relations.Teaching
honorsinclude the University of Miami's Professor of the Year Award. Research awardsinclude
the University of Miami's Provost Award for Scholarly Activity, the Institutefor Public Relations'
Pathfinder Award, and PRSA’s Jackson Jackson and Wagner Behavioral Science Prize

An initial test found the manipulations to be significantly different from the control Group across
all analyses. In general, we found that there are differences between advertising and editorial
commentaries, but these differences are not the difference expected. What we found was that both
the editorial and the advertisement were equally effective in promoting the product, but no
statistically significant differences existed between the editorial and the advertisement across
measures of awareness, information, intent to purchase, and product credibility. After exposure to
the test advertisement and the test editorial, Zip Chips brand Recognition was significantly higher
than five competitors that were all major nationalBrands.2 However, there was no statistically
significant difference between the advertisement and the editorial for brand awareness (see Figure
3). There was significantly greater awareness than in the control group, thereby confirming the
experimental manipulation of the research design.
The first issue concerns the type of research conducted. Basically, the available Literature can be
defined by method employed. The methods employed range from Anecdotal to opinion to social
scientific. It should not be surprising that the anecdotal supports the existence of a value-added
multiplier (e.g., Vision, 1995; Ruff, 1968). The social scientific approaches however have failed
to find support for something that has been a part of public relations lore for almost half a century
(Cameron, 1994; Callahan, 1999; Jo, 2004;Loda & Carrick, 2005; Schmidt & Hitch on, 1999;
Schumann, Heathcoat, & West, 1991;Straughan, Bleske, & Zhao, 1996; van Reijmersdal,
Neatens, & Smite, 2005).Based on these limited findings, Lindenmann (1997) and Grunting
(2000) questioned the existence of a multiplier effect. As Grunig (2000) points out, the
experimental researchto date has been confounded by methodological and design problems. First,
the research isfocused almost entirely on college students. The Ivison (1995) and Ruff(1968)
anecdotalresearch are the only studies which actually employed active participants in the
promotional process – potential customers contact with a client who were asked where they got

URCH41
theirinformation from (advertising or publicity). Hence, Ivison and Ruff’s findings,
whileuncontrolled, did focus on a customer who had an interest in gaining something through
theactive processing of either advertisement or editorial commentary. The social scientificresearch
reported earlier, while more controlled, focused on students projected use ofadvertisements or
editorial commentary with little reporting of whether the students wereactive media users.Second,
the social scientific research, while purporting to be “truly experimental” hasactually used less
rigorous quasi-experimental designs (c.f., Campbell & Stanley, 1953) and isnot programmatic in
nature. Issues regarding experimental design may seem academic andexotic, yet are the grist of
whether a variable (promotional type – advertisement or editorialcommentary) actually impacts on
consumer decision-making.A true experiment must meet three criteria: (1) a tightly controlled
situation whereother, extraneous sources of influence can be ruled out, (2) the random assignment
ofparticipants to experimentally manipulated conditions (e.g., exposed to advertisement oreditorial
content), and (3) employment of control group that receives no manipulation. Insuch a situation
eight “sources of experimental invalidity” can be controlled for andwhatever results obtained can
be demonstrated as being caused by the manipulated variables.Extant experimental research
focusing on the multiplier effect meet the first twocriteria, but are limited by the lack of true
control groups. Further, the research conductedto date has been isolated and not part of a larger,
programmatic approach to understandingand predicting when such an effect might come into play.
Theoretical IssuesThird, there has been little theoretical rationale supporting the existence of
amultiplier effect. With the exception of Cameron (1994) and Hallahan (1999), most researchhas
focused on the impact of advertising versus public relations without a clear
theoreticalunderpinning. Most of this research has focused on the role of both in the context
ofIntegrated Marketing Communications (IMC). Their research focus has been onunderstanding
the impact of publicity from an “implied third-party endorsement”perspective which proposes that
editorial coverage in the news has greater credibility becauseof perceived journalistic endorsement
of the product, organization, or concept. It may bethat consumers also perceive journalists as
objective reporters; hence, they are moretrustworthy in their reporting of a promotional object’s
strengths and weaknesses.The hook of third-party endorsement is that it underlies much of what
public relations serves to do. Research, however, has focused on more complexes experimental
designs that have not allowed for a programmatic, variable by variable approach; focusinginstead
on answering all possible questions simultaneously (e.g., Hallahan, 1999).Furthermore, third-party

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endorsement focuses on professional rather than interpersonaeffects – focusing on the role of
public relations as targeting the media and not an intendedconsumer audience. Contemporary
media theory (23% of customers, 2007) suggests thatThe study sought to test print media only.
The situation placed participants into oneof two experimental groups – exposure to a single
advertisement or to a single editorialcommentary – or a no-message control group. The product
chosen to test was created assimilar to the pilot study’s water product and introduced as an initial
branding campaign fora product with no bias toward it or any other brand preferences. The
product, “Zip Chips,”was a snack food that contained no sodium or fats. A full-color ad with the
tag line“Nothing but taste” was created by an award-winning advertising consultant. An
editorialcommentary was created that matched those found in The New York Times product
testingsection under the headline “New Chips ‘Totally Healthy’ and ‘Guilt Free’” (see Figures 1
and2). Both materials were submitted to professional review before being employed.Several
dependent variables were created according to measurement theory. Twovariables were created.
The first focused on the ethos or believability or trust in the productalong the authoritativeness
(e.g., respect, intelligence, and information) and character dimensions(e.g., honesty, reputation,
pleasantness or goodness) of credibility (McCroskey & McCain,1974). A second measure,
homophily, measured the similarity between a source and anindividual as a second measure of
third-party endorsement and was developed along twodimensions suggested by organizational
literature (McCroskey, Richmond, & Daley, 1975),attitudinal homophily (e.g., reflecting how
people think about others as similar to themselves)and behavioral homophily (e.g., reflecting how
people expect to behave as similar tothemselves). Each measure employed a 5-point Likert-type
measure with statements beingresponded to on a strongly agree to strongly disagree continuum.
An initial test found the manipulations to be significantly different from the control group across
all analyses .In general, we found that there are differences between advertising and editorial
commentary, but these differences are not the difference expected. What we found was that both
the editorial and the advertisement were equally effective in promoting the product, but no
statistically significant differences existed between the editorial and the advertisement across
measures of awareness, information, intent to purchase, and productcredibility.After exposure to
the test advertisement and the test editorial, Zip Chips brandrecognition was significantly higher
than five competitors that were all major nationalbrands.2 However, there was no statistically
significant difference between the advertisementand the editorial for brand awareness (see Figure

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3). There was significantly greaterawareness than in the control group, thereby confirming the
experimental manipulation ofthe research design.

C. Whan Park, Martin S. Roth and Philip F. Jacques (1988) evaluated the effects of the
advertising and sales promotion campaigns. They found out that effective campaigns lead to word
of mouth communication which will give rise to increase in sales and product awareness. They
also presented various direct and indirect effects of such campaigns. They developed a Four Step
Promotion Development and Evaluation Model in order to assess the effectiveness of the
campaigns.

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 CHAPTER-3

METHODOLOGY

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Method of study: Structured questionnaire comprising of multiple choice questions are used as
tool multiple choice questions makes easier for both field interviewer and respondents and it saves
time. By this tabulations and analysis becomes much easier and simpler.

STATISTICAL TOOLS USEED FOR RESEARCH:

Percentage analysis
Bar graphs & pie charts

Method of collection
1. Personal interview method.
2. Questionnaire method.
1. Personal Interview Method:
Here face to face interaction takes place and are orally interviewed. Here This method plays a
very important role, because the respondents are very much involved with their busy schedules,
thus this is the very easiest and earliest way to get the questionnaire completed.

2. Questionnaire method:

A questionnaire is used for the collection of data. And it consists of both close and open ended &
multiple choice questions.

DATA ANALYSIS: The data collected was edited, coded and tabulated and the results were
subjected to further statistical interventions.

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 CHAPTER-4

EMPIRICAL
ANALYSIS

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Analysis is an attempt to organize and summaries data in order to increase result, usefulness in
such a manner that enables to relate critical points with the objectives of study. The data after
collection has to be processed an analyzed in accordance with the outline laid down for the
purpose at the time of developing the research plan. Technically speaking, analyzing implies
editing, coding, classification and tabulation of collected data so that they are amenable to
analysis. The terms analysis refers to the computation of certain measures along with searching
for pattern of relationship that exists among data groups. Interpretation refers to task of drawing
inferences from the collected facts after an analytical and/or experimental study. In fact, it is a
search for broader meaning ore search finding the task of interpretation has to measure aspects
that is (i) the effort to establish continuity in research though linking the results of a given steady
with those of another and (ii) the establishment of some explanatory concepts. Interpretation is
concerned with relationships within the collected data, partially over lapping analysis.
Interpretation also extends beyond the data of the study to include the result of other research,
theory, and hypotheses. Thus, interpretation is the device though which factors that seem to
explain what has been observed by researcher in the course of study can be better understood and
it also provides a theoretical conception, which can serve as a guide for further researches
.Interpretation is essential for the simple reason that the usefulness and utility of research finding
lie in proper interpretation. Interpretation leads to the establishment of explanatory concepts that
can serve as a guide for further research studies; it opens new avenues of intellectual adventure
and stimulates the quest for more knowledge

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Age-group

FIG 5:DETERMNEING AGE GROUP

Interpretation – From the above table it is found that majority of respondents are under the age
group of less than 25-35 years.

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Gender:

FIG 6: DETERMINING THE MALE AND FEMALE PERCENTAGE

Interpretation – From the above table it is found that majority of respondents (83.33%) are
Male

OCCUPATION

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 FIG 7:OCCUPATION OF PEOPLE

Interpretation – It is found from the above table that majority of the

respondents are small business people

Income Profile

FIG 8:PEOPLE INCOME PROFILE

Interpretation – It is found that majority of the respondents falls under the income group of
below-Rs.10, 000.-20000

Which two-wheeler are you using presently?

a) Electric bike ( If you have e-bike please fill the questions from 9 to 14 also)
b) Conventional bike
c) Scooter
d) No two-wheeler

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 FIG 9: CHOICE OF BIKE

Interpretation – It is found from the above table that majority of the respondents are consider
Electric bike

Are you aware of electric bikes?

Yes No

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 FIG10:TO KNOW AWARENESS

Interpretation - It is found from the above table that majority of respondents are aware of
Electric Bikes

Which (brands) of the following e- bikes do you heard about?

a) Yash e-bike
b) Hero e-bike
c) Ultramotor
d) tvs fortune e-bike
e) BSA e-bike

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 FIG 11:HEARD OF E-BIKE

Interpretation - It is found from the above table that majority of respondents are heard about
Yash Electric Bikes

Do you know about TVS Fortune e-bike?

Yes No

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 FIG 12: KNOWING OF TVS FORTUNE E-BIKE

Interpretation: It is found from the above table that majority of the respondents known about
TVS fortune Electric bike

How do you come to know about TVS Fortune e-bike?

a) News paper
b) Burrakadha (road show)
c) Hoardings (Flexi banners)
d) Television
e) Internet
f) Friends/colleagues
g) Family members/relatives

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 FIG 13:HOW DO YOU KNOW ABOUT TVS FORTUNE E-BIKE

Interpretation: It is found from the above table that majority of the respondents have known
about TVS fortune Electric bike through burrakadha

Which of the following promotional campaign do you come across?

a) Leaf lets
b) Hoarding/Banners
c) Auto announcement
D) Personal approach

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 FIG 14:PROMOTIONOL CAMPAIGN
Interpretation: It is found from the above table that majority of the respondents have known
about TVS fortune Electric bike through leaflet

Which features of the TVS Fortune e-bike are you aware?

a) Mobile servicing
b) No registration
c) Zero maintaince cost
d) Environment friendly

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 FIG 15: FEATURES OF E-BIKE
Interpretation: It is found from the above table that majority of the respondents have interested
in mobile servicing facility

If you have no electric bike will you purchase TVS Fortune electric bike?

FIG 16: PURCHASE OF TVS FORTUNE E-BIKE

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 Yes No
Interpretation: It is found from the above table that majority of the respondents have interested
to buy TVS fortune e-bike

If yes, which features of TVS Fortune e-bike are you interested in?
a) Wheel locking feature
b) Less running cost
c) Battery charger kit
d) Tube less tyre
e) Finance facility

FIG 17:FEATURE OF TVS FORTUNE E-BIKE

Interpretation: It is found from the above table that majority of the respondents have
interested in wheel locking feature

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Do you believe that promotional campaign has influence on your buying
decision?
a) Strongly agree
b) Agree
c) Partially agree
d) Disagree
e) Strongly disagree
f) Can’t say

FIG 18: INFUENCE OF PROMOTIONAL CAMPAIGN

Interpretation: It is found from the above table that majority of the respondents had strongly
agreed

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 What would be the likely time period to buy TVS fortune e-bike?
a) Within one month
b) 2-3 months
c) Six month
d) One year
e) Not sure

FIG 19:LIKELY PERIOD OF TVS FORTUNE

Interpretation: It is found from the above table that majority of the respondents are interested
to buy in 2-3 months

Would you like to suggest TVS Fortune electric bike to your friends/relatives?
Yes No can’t say

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 FIG 20:SUGGEST tvs fortune e-bike

Interpretation: It is found from the above table that majority of the respondents are suggested
to friends /relatives to buy TVS fortune electric bike

If you are not interested to but TVS fortune e-bike.

Which of the following factors that prevents you, not to purchase the electric bike?

a) Expensive (High price)

b) Not convinced with the benefits
c) Battery problem
d) Low mileage
e) Non reparability
f) Not sure about after sales service
g) No ready finance
h) Non availability

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 i
fig 21:factors to purchase e-bike
Interpretation: It is found from the above table that majority of the respondents are not
interested to purchase TVS fortune electric bike due to expensive (price factor is high)

Which (Brand) e-bike do you have?

a. Yash e-
b. Hero e-bike
c. Ultramotor
d. tvs fortune e-bike
e. BSA e-bike

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 fig 22:existing brand of e-bike

Interpretation: It is found from the above table that majority of the respondents had using
YASH electric bike

Did promotional campaign/ advertisement influence your buying decision?

A) Strongly agree
B) Agree
C) Neutral
D) Disagree
E) Strongly disagree

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 fig 23:promotion campaign influences buying behaviour

Interpretation: It is found from the above table that majority of the respondent’s preferred
promotional campaign influences the buying decision agreed to e- bike

What factors of e-bike will satisfy your expectations?

a) Environment friendly
b) No sound pollution
c) Less running cost
d) Safety
e) No registration
f) Others (please specify).......

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 fig 24:e-bike expectations
Interpretation: It is found from the above table that majority of the respondents are interested
towards environment friendly

How do you feel about price of the Electric Bikes?

a) Very high
b) High
c) Moderate
d) Low
e) Very low
f) Can’t say

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 fig 25:price of e-bike
Interpretation: It is found from the above table that majority of the respondents are interested
towards moderate option

What is your opinion about the mileage of e- bike?

a) Excellent
b) Very good
c) Good
d) Average
e) Poor

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 fig 26:mileage of e-bike

Interpretation: It is found from the above table that majority of the respondents are interested
towards good option

Are you facing any problem with the present e-bike?

Yes No

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 fig 27:problem faceing with present e-bike

Interpretation: It is found from the above table that majority of the respondents are facing
battery problem

If yes, what are those?

Battery problem Low mileage frequent repair
Others (specify......

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 fig 28:battery problem
Interpretation: It is found from the above table that majority of the respondents are facing
battery problem

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FINDINGS &
SUGGESTIONS

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FINDINGS:
• Majority of respondents are aware of Electric Bike in Guntur city.

• Most of respondents are agree to advertisements influence their buying decision

• Most of the respondents are consider the cost and mileage while purchasing a new bike, so
there are ample potential to electric bike in two wheeler sectors.

• Battery Backup is one of the factor which is affected the sales of electric bike
• It was found that most of the customers are not much satisfied with the price of the
product, and Price quoted by the companies has affected the customer satisfaction to a
great deal.
• It was found that most of the customers were satisfied with the mileage of the Electric
bikes and are convinced about the electric bike benefits and were willing to refer it to their
friends.
• It was found that most of the customers are not satisfied with after sales service. It shows
that customers are dissatisfied about after sale service.
• It was found that maximum number of the customers feel the speed of the Electric bikes to
be very low and were not satisfied with the current speed of the bikes.
• It was found that most of the respondents feel that the factors such as speed & power,
battery life and appearance of Electric Bikes are the main reasons for its lower market
share.
• Most of people known TVS Fortune e-bike by promotional campaign of road side shows
• Majority of the people are interested to shift to TVS fortune e-bike, . If company provides
the exchange facility the immediate change happens.

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IMPLICATIONS/ SUGGESTIONS
• There are only few advertisements in newspapers and TVs. Thus Maximum
advertisements need to be put up in these Medias as they reach wider audiences.
• The price of the electric bikes need to be decreased it can be done by adopting
sophisticated technologies and carrying out mass productions or some discounts on price
or offers should be given in order to increase the sales.
• More number of service centers need to be opened at least in major areas to cater to the
problems & needs of the customers when needed. As most of the people prefer high speed
the speed of the electric bikes need to be improved so as to increase the sales of the E-
sBikes.
• Promotional activities should be increased to create awareness and Increase the sales. Like
it should be displayed in auto shows and to attract more youths demonstrations and special
offers should be given to customers
• Awareness needs to be created among the consumers regarding the Electric Bikes and their
benefits.
• There are only few advertisements in newspapers and TVs. Thus maximum advertisements
need to be put up in these Medias as they reach wider audiences.
• The price of the electric bikes need to be decreased it can be done by adopting
sophisticated technologies and carrying out mass productions or some discounts on price
or offers should be given in order to increase the sales.
• More number of service centers need to be opened at least in major areas to cater to the problems
& needs of the customers when needed.
• As most of the people prefer high speed the speed of the electric bikes need to be
improved so as to increase the sales of the E-Bikes.
• We need to have more number of dealers covering major urban areas and the distribution
network should be made strong.

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 • Promotional activities should be increased to create awareness and increase the sales. Like
it should be displayed in auto shows and to attract more youths demonstrations and special
offers should be given to college students.
As appearance plays a major role for most of the customers while making purchasing decisions so
the Electric Bikes need to be made more attractive

CONCLUSION

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CONCLUSION:

From the study conducted it was concluded that maximum number of respondents are aware of
TVS E bikes. So various promotional activities need to be taken in order to increase the awareness
level & thereby increase the sales. The study also identified and evaluated the consumer
perception toward various factor about electric bike. The result of this study Shows that there is a
combination of both positive and negative effect of that factor on consumer awareness. Here most
of the respondents consider the cost and the mileage while purchasing a bike, so there are ample
potential to electric bike in two wheeler sectors. But their battery performance, speed and
appearance are the major factors which is affecting the sales of electric bikes. The study explains
what are the perceptions prevailing in the minds of customers and recommendations to create
awareness through marketing campaign. The company can implement the suggestions to achieve
the above said objectives

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 Questionnaire
Dear Respondent,
Please give the required in formation to complete my research, and I assure you that
information will be kept at secret.
Yours sincerely,
Venkata Narasimha Rao T

Name of the respondent:

Address :
Mobile No :
Age :
Gender : Male  Female
Educational Qualification: Up to SSC Inter  Degree PG and above
Occupation : Small business  Hand crafts  others...................................................
Income for month :( approx)
Less than 10,000  10,000 -20,000  20,000-30,000  40, 0000 and above 
2. Which two-wheeler are you using presently?
e) Electric bike ( If you have e-bike please fill the questions from 9 to 14 also)
f) Conventional bike 
g) Scooter 
h) No two-wheeler
3. Are you aware of electric bikes?
Yes  No 
4. Which (brands) of the following e- bikes do you heard about?
f) Yash e-bike 
g) Hero e-bike 
h) Ultramotor 
i) tvs fortune e-bike 

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 j) BSA e-bike 
5. Do you know about TVS Fortune e-bike?
Yes  No 
If yes please answer the following

6. How do you come to know about TVS Fortune e-bike?

h) News paper 
i) Burra kadha (road show) 
j) Hoardings (Flexi banners) 
k) Television 
l) Internet 
m) Friends/colleagues 
n) Family members/relatives 
Others (please specify).................................................
7. Which of the following promotional campaign do you come across?
d) Leaf lets 
e) Hoarding/Banners 
f) Auto announcement 
g) Personal approach 
8. Which features of the TVS Fortune e-bike are you aware?
e) Mobile servicing 
f) No registration 
g) Zero maintaince cost 
h) Environment friendly 

9. If you have no electric bike will you purchase TVS Fortune electric bike?
Yes  No 
If yes, which features of TVS Fortune e-bike are you interested in?
f) Wheel locking feature 
g) Less running cost 
h) Battery charger kit 
i) Tube less tyre 

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 j) Finance facility 
Do you believe that promotional campaign has influence on your buying decision?
F) Strongly agree 
G) Agree 
H) Partially agree 
I) Disagree 
J) Strongly disagree 
K) Can’t say 
What would be the likely time period to buy TVS fortune e-bike?
f) Within one month 
g) 2-3 months 
h) Six month 
i) One year 
j) Not sure 
Would you like to suggest TVS Fortune electric bike to your friends/relatives?
Yes  No  can’t say 
If you are not interested to but TVS fortune e-bike.
Which of the following factors that prevents you, not to purchase the electric bike?
i) Expensive (High price) 
j) Not convinced with the benefits 
k) Battery problem 
l) Low mileage 
m) Non reparability 
n) Not sure about after sales service 
o) No ready finance 
p) Non availability 

Others (please specify)...............................................................................................

10. Which (Brand) e-bike do you have?
a. Yash e- 
b. Hero e-bike 
c. Ultramotor 

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 d. tvs fortune e-bike 
e. BSA e-bike 
11. Did promotional campaign/ advertisement influence your buying decision?
L) Strongly agree 
M) Agree 
N) Neutral 
O) Disagree 
P) Strongly disagree 

12. What factors of e-bike will satisfy your expectations?

g) Environment friendly 
h) No sound pollution 
i) Less running cost 
j) Safety 
k) No registration 
l) Others (please specify)..........................................................................................

13. How do you feel about price of the Electric Bikes?

g) Very high 
h) High 
i) Moderate 
j) Low 
k) Very low 
l) Can’t say 
14. What is your opinion about the mileage of e- bike?
f) Excellent 
g) Very good 
h) Good 
i) Average 
j) Poor 
15. Are you facing any problem with the present e-bike?

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 Yes  No 
If yes, what are those?
Battery problem  Low mileage frequent repair
Others (specify)............................

Suggestions if any (please write legibly)...........................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................................

BIBLIOGRAPHY

TEXTBOOKS REFERRED

Kotler Philip, Marketing Management, Pearson Education Inc. 11th Edition.

Consumer Behavior – Building Marketing Strategy 9th Edition 2003, Tata McGraw-Hill.

Stanton William J, Etzel Michael J, Walker Bruce J, Fundamentals of Marketing,

McGraw-Hill international, Singapore, 1998

INDIAN JOURNAL OF MARKETING

• Siegel, S., Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, New York: McGraw-Hill
Publishing Co.,Inc., 1956.
• Subramanian, N., “Introduction to Computers,” New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Co. Ltd., 1986.
• Summers, Gene F., (Ed.), Attitude Measurement, Chicago: Rand McNally & Co., 1970.
• Takeuchi, K., Yanai, H. and Mukherjee, B.N., The Foundations of Multivariate Analysis,
New Delhi: Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1982.
• Tandon, B.C., Research Methodology in Social Sciences, Allahabad: Chaitanya
Publishing House, 1979.

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 • Thorndike, Robert L. and Hagen, Elizabeth P., Measurement and Evaluation in
Psychology and Education,4th ed., New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1977.
• Thurstone, L.L., The Measurement of Values, Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
1959.

Books and journals:

1. C.R.Kothari, Research Methodology Methods and Techniques, New Age International

Publishers, 2009

2. D.M. and Nelson, P. (2006). Adding consumer behaviour insights to category

management.

3. Giles, G.B., marketing 2nd ed., London: Macdonald & Evans Ltd., 1974.

4. Levin, Richard., Statistics for Management, New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.,
1979.

5. Tendon, B.C.,Research methodology in social sciences,Allahabad:chaitanya publishing

house,1979.

MAGAZINES
Business Today
Business World
Business standard
Auto India
Overdrive

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NEWSPAPER REFERRED
Economics Times
Business Times
The Times of India
Business Standard

WEB REFERENCES:
Made-in-China.com
www.all-biz.info
www.BestarMotor.com
www.brammo.com
www.econvergence.net/electro.htm
www.induselectrans.com
www.likeabikeusa.com
www.lukas-two.com
www.quikr.com
www.SourceGuides.com
www.SourceGuides.com

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Glossary
Awareness
Advertising or other promotional activity (e.g. public relations) whose primary
purpose is to increases general knowledge of the comp

Awareness, Interest, Understanding, Attitudes, Purchase, Repeat purchase: a

buying decision model.
Advertising is a form of communication intended to persuade an audience (viewers,
readers or listeners) to purchase or take some action upon products, ideas, or
services. It includes the name of a product or service and how that product or
service could benefit the consumer, to persuade a target market to purchase or to
consume that particular brand. These messages are usually paid for by sponsors and
viewed via various media. Advertising can also serve to communicate an idea to a
large number of people in an attempt to convince them to take a certain action.

Brand awareness: Mobile advertising provides brand advertisers with the ability to
convey brand messaging and boost overall brand awareness. Banner ads and
interactive rich media ad formats allow users to engage and interact with an
advertisers brand.
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CUSTOMER
A person, company , or other entity which buys goods and services produced by
another person, company, or other entity.

Customer awareness
A fundamental type of marketing research often used as a baseline for tracking
companies' positions in the market. Measures awareness of the company and
competitors and attitudes toward the company or product.

Data - Information collected according to a methodology using specific research methods and
instruments.

Data Analysis - The process of examining systematically collected information

Marketing:

The term marketing has changed and evolved over a period of time, today marketing is based
around providing continual benefits to the customer, these benefits will be provided and a
transactional exchange will take place.

The Chartered Institute of Marketing define marketing as 'The management process responsible
for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably'

If we look at this definition in more detail Marketing is a management responsibility and should
not be solely left to junior members of staff. Marketing requires co-ordination, planning,
implementation of campaigns and a competent manager(s) with the appropriate skills to ensure
success.

Marketing objectives, goals and targets have to be monitored and met, competitor strategies
analyzed, anticipated and exceeded. Through effective use of market and marketing research an
organization should be able to identify the needs and wants of the customer and try to delivers
benefits that will enhance or add to the customers lifestyle, while at the same time ensuring that
the satisfaction of these needs results in a healthy turnover for the organization.

Philip Kotler defines marketing as 'satisfying needs and wants through an exchange process'

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Within this exchange transaction customers will only exchange what they value (money) if they
feel that their needs are being fully satisfied; clearly the greater the benefit provided the higher
transactional value an organisation can charge.

Marketing mix
Here is a definition of marketing mix and a description of its main ... is covering all
of the important bases in your marketing campaign. .

Electric bike:

Motorized bicycle is a bicycle with an attached motor used to power the vehicle, or
to assist with pedaling. ...
he legal definition and status of motorized bicycles varies by jurisdiction

Empirical analysis:

n philosophy, "empiricism" is a theory of knowledge that asserts that knowledge

arises from sense experience. Empiricism is one of several competing views about
how we know "things", part of the branch of philosophy called epistemology, or
"the Theory of Knowledge

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Empirical analysis?
Empirical analysis: Step 1Determine the largest sample size that can be used for
the experiment given the.....

Empirical observation?
Empirical observation: Empirical research employs scientific methods to arrive at
explanations of the world as.....

Empire definition?
Empire definition: The definition of Holy Roman Empire is: An empire is a state
with politico-military.....

What is an empirical formula??

What is an empirical formula?: Empirical formulas are used in the analysis
techniques to find the identity of.....

How do you do this empirical formula question?

How do you do this empirical formula question: Determining the Cat ion: Flame
Test Step 1Connect the Bunsen.....

Analysis defines?
Analysis defines: Answer from TheTimes100.co.uk This is a very good site, Concise
and Precise......

Empirical observation definition?

Empirical observation definition: The dictionary definition of empirical evidence is
evidence relating to or.....

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Empirical science definition?
Empirical science definition: Evidence acquired through direct observation,
preferably under controlled.....

Empirical data definition?

Empirical data definition: Scientific method refers to a body of techniques for
investigating phenomena,

Empirical article definition?

empirical article definition: Empirical indicate

.Promotion campaign
1. An organized program of advertisements2,ad blitz, ad campaign,
advertising campaign, advertizing campaign, jihad, propaganda
campaign, publicity campaign

TEST MARKETING

 a test market, in the field of business and marketing, is a geographic region or demographic
group used to gauge the viability of a product or service in the mass market prior to a wide scale
roll-out. ...

 Small test runs of new products or marketing techniques to determine effectiveness before
making a full commitment.

 Pre-releasing a film in one or more small, representative markets before committing to an

advertising campaign. The effectiveness of the marketing plan can thereby be assessed and
modified as needed before the general release.

 The stage of product development where different ways of marketing products are tested in
real life situations to assess which methodology prompts the most sales or reaches the largest
markets

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