CARENTIAM NATITIA

(Lack of information, Latin)

MEMBERS:

ARCEO, PAMELA JOY

CARAAN, ASIEL JOY

IGNACIO, JERL VIEN

PARKER, KERRY ANNE

STA. INES, MARIA ISABELLA R.

TORRES, JEROME

INSTRUCTOR:

MR. RENZ RAMIREZ

INTRODUCTION

Many people nowadays get news from social media sites and

networks and often it can be difficult to tell whether stories

are credible or not. "Fake news" was not a term many people used

two years ago, but it is now seen as one of the greatest threats

to democracy, free debate and the Western order. “Fake news” is

a term that has come to mean different things to different

people. At its core, we are defining “fake news” as those news

stories that are false: the story itself is fabricated, with no

verifiable facts, sources or quotes. Sometimes these stories may

be propaganda that is intentionally designed to mislead the

reader, or may be designed as “click bait” written for economic

incentives (the writer profits on the number of people who click

on the story). In recent years, fake news stories have

proliferated via social media, in part because they are so

easily and quickly shared online.

As well as being a favourite term of Donald Trump, it was

also named 2017's word of the year, raising tensions between

nations, and may lead to regulation of social media.

According to Martina Chapman (Media Literacy Expert), there

are three elements to fake news; ‘Mistrust, misinformation and

manipulation’.
 Furthermore, Fake news is not new however it has become a

hot topic in 2017. Traditionally we get our news from trusted

sources, journalists and media outlets that are required to

follow strict codes of practice. However, the internet has

enabled a whole new way to publish, share and consume

information and news with very little regulation or editorial

standards.

There are differing opinions when it comes to identifying

types of fake news. However, when it comes to evaluating content

online there are various types of fake or misleading news we

need to be aware of. There are many types of Fake News, these

include the following: number one is click bait, these are

stories that are deliberately fabricated to gain more website

visitors and increase advertising revenue for websites. Click

bait stories use sensationalist headlines to grab attention and

drive click-through to the publisher website, normally at the

expense of truth or accuracy. The next type is propaganda,

stories that are created to deliberately mislead audiences,

promote a biased point of view or particular political cause or

agenda.

The third one is Satire/Parody wherein lots of websites and

social media accounts publish fake news stories for

entertainment and parody. For example, The Onion, Waterford

Whispers, The Daily Mash, etc. another one is the Sloppy

Journalism, where sometimes reporters or journalists may publish

a story with unreliable information or without checking all of

the facts which can mislead audiences. For example, during the

U.S. elections, fashion retailer Urban Outfitters published

an Election Day Guide, the guide contained incorrect information

telling voters that they needed a ‘voter registration card’.

This is not required by any state in the U.S. for voting.

The fifth type is the Misleading Headings which is the

stories that are not completely false can be distorted using

misleading or sensationalist headlines. These types of news can

spread quickly on social media sites where only headlines and

small snippets of the full article are displayed on audience

newsfeeds. And the last one is the Biased/Slanted News, many

people are drawn to news or stories that confirm their own

beliefs or biases and fake news can prey on these biases. Social

media news feeds tend to display news and articles that they

think we will like based on our personalised searches.

The internet and social media have made it very easy for

anyone to publish content on a website, blog or social media

profile and potentially reach large audiences. With so many

people now getting news from social media sites, many content

creators/publishers have used this to their advantage.

Fake news can be a profitable business, generating large

sums of advertising revenue for publishers who create and

publish stories that go viral. The more clicks a story gets, the

more money online publishers make through advertising revenue

and for many publishers, social media is an ideal platform to

share content and drive web traffic.

In a recent article on media literacy, Hugh Linehan noted;

“Media is no longer passively consumed – it’s created, shared,

liked, commented on, attacked and defended in all sorts of

different ways by hundreds of millions of people. And the

algorithms used by the most powerful tech companies –

Google and Facebook in particular – are brilliantly designed to

personalise and tailor these services to each user’s profile.”

When we go online or login to a social network we are

generally presented with news, articles and content based on our

own searches online. This type of content tends to reflect our

own likes, views and beliefs and therefore isolating us from

differing views and opinions. This is often referred to as a

filter bubble.
OBJECTIVES OF THE ANALYSIS PAPER

Nowadays, anyone can be fooled with news seen on the

internet. Anyone can post, publish and disseminate information

that is not reliable, inaccurate and not true. And as someone

living in this modernized world, everything we hear and see

might look real and legit, but the truth is, fake news can

spread like wild fire and by the time it reaches to you, it is

already altered and changed. That is why it is important to be

knowledgeable and literate in these kinds of situations.

Being sure and conscious of something can be an advantage.

And that ability is what the researchers are aiming for this

research. To inform, to be a guide, to help people to be careful

of everything they read online. This study will help you to see

and practice you to point out and compare fake news from

accurate and objective news.

ARTICLE NO. 1

Manny Pacquiao ‘balato’ Facebook posts are fake, senator

confirms

Author: Kate Matriano Date: July 18, 2018

Source: http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1011513/manny-pacquiao-

balato-facebook-posts-are-fake-senator-confirms

Senator Manny Pacquiao recently became a hot topic after a

facebook page named after him started posting “balato” that

gives people money, house and lot and a car after his recent win

against Lucas Matthysse.

Image: Screengrab from Facebook/Senator Manny Pacquiao

Image: Screengrab from Facebook/Sen. Manny Pacman Pacquiao

Image: Screengrab from Facebook/Sen. Manny Pacquiao

Aside from Pacquiao’s fake Facebook pages, there are also

fake Facebook pages of his wife, Jinkee Pacquiao, telling

netizens they are giving away “balato” for Pacquiao’s recent win.
Image: Screengrab from Facebook/Jinkee Pacquiao

Image: Screengrab from Facebook/Jinkee Capeña Pacquiao

ANALYSIS:

Senator Manny “Pacman” Pacquiao issued a statement stating

that the circulating Facebook posts saying he is giving away

“balato” are not true. “Nakarating sa aking kaalaman na may mga

kumakalat na balita sa social media na ako ay mamimigay ng mga

premyo bilang balato dahil sa aking pagkaka panalo. Nais ko pong

ipaalam sa lahat na walang katotohanan ang mga ito,”. (It has

come to my knowledge that there are people who are spreading news

on social media that I am giving away prizes as a form of

“balato” for my win [against Argentinian Lucas Matthysse]. I

would like to inform everyone that there is no truth in that.)

Pacquiao told GMA Network yesterday, July 17

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4sC2HE1hBU

He asked people not to believe the false information and not

to be fooled by misleading news. Pacquiao’s statement was issued

after posts made by Facebook pages bearing his name have gone

viral, fooling netizens into thinking that the senator has been

giving away cash, vehicles and house-and-lots to lucky social

media users. These Facebook pages encourage unsuspecting netizens

to like and subscribe to their Facebook pages, share the post

bearing Pacquiao’s “balato” offer, and comment the word

“Congrats” on the said post.

ARTICLE NO. 2

Manchester attack: 2013 murder victim among fake 'missing'

Author: Lamia Estatie & Rozina Sini (BBC News) Date: 23 May 2017

Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-oxfordshire-40018189

A photo of a girl murdered in 2013 has been circulated in a

fake list of those missing after the Manchester explosion.

Twenty-two people were killed and 59 injured in a suicide attack

at Manchester Arena on Monday night at an Ariana Grande concert.

The mother of Jayden Parkinson said she was unhappy her

daughter's image had been posted alongside images of other

people alleged to be missing. Jayden, 17, was strangled by her

ex-boyfriend in Oxfordshire. "She was killed almost four years

ago not last night, not happy," Samantha Shrewsbury tweeted,

after seeing the picture on an online newspaper article.

 https://twitter.com/youknowimfit/status/866943496451743744

"Why is my MURDERED daughter's picture being used in a

collage of pictures of children missing dead after last night

terror attack?" she asked. Ms. Shrewsbury also posted a We Stand

with Manchester picture. Speaking to the BBC, she said: "It is

horrible to see her photo being used in this way.” She told the

BBC that since the appearance of her daughter's photo in the

collage her phone hasn't stopped ringing.

"People keep telling me that Jayden's picture was being

circulated as one of the Manchester attack victims. It is

horrible to see her picture being used in this way.

"I feel sorry for the genuine parents of missing children."

She added. Mexico-based journalist Andrea Noel also had

to deny that she was missing after her picture appeared in the

same collage.
ARTICLE NO. 3

PTV sorry for wrong photo in Philippine Navy report

Author: ABS-CBN News Date: Aug 08 2018

Source:http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/08/08/18/ptv-sorry-for-wrong-

photo-in-philippine-navy-report

State-run People's Television network apologized on Tuesday

for using wrong photos in a video report about the supposed plan

by the government to send a Philippine Navy ship to rescue

Filipinos abducted in Libya.

PTV earlier drew flak from social media users after

Facebook page MaxDefense Philippines pointed out that the photo

used does not show a Philippine Navy ship, but a Chinese Navy

ship. The post has been shared by over a thousand netizens.

ANALYSIS:

In a Facebook post, PTV said the photos used in the program

"Ulat Bayan" last Sunday were downloaded from the internet by

their video editor without verifying details about the image.

The network said the editor has been given a sanction.

“Said photos were downloaded from the internet by an Ulat

Bayan video editor. Please be advised that the video editor

responsible for downloading and using the said photos without

proper verification has already been sanctioned," the government

TV station said.

PTV also warned their news producers and editors that

similar mistakes in the future will not be tolerated. "Moving

forward, we shall take more diligent measures to deliver

straightforward and accurate news to the Filipino people," it

stressed.

President Rodrigo Duterte earlier said he mulls sending

frigates to Libya to rescue the abducted Filipinos. But on

Tuesday, Presidential spokesperson Harry Roque said Duterte

changed his mind and decided to send some of his Cabinet

secretaries.
Original Photo:

Photo used in the article:

It is very obvious that this is a misleading and an example

of fake news, as it used photo shopped photos to show people the

news. You cans see that the original photo of the ship used in

the article is originally a Chinese Navy Ship with their flag;

however, it was Photoshop with the Philippine flag.

ARTICLE NO. 4

Cebu-based parish priest impregnates daughters of his associate

pastor

Author: Ronda Balita Online News Date: March 7, 2018

Source: http://rondabalita.news/?s=Cebu-

based+parish+priest+impregnates+daughters+of+his+associate+pasto

The story claims that a priest (name withheld) from the town of

Alcantara in Cebu raped and impregnated his pastor’s daughters, 14 and

16 years old. Reportedly, the mother of the two young girls confirmed

that her daughters were three and five months pregnant to the priest.

And that the rape incident happened “sometime in October last year”.

The report said that the priest was nabbed by the police after his

parish church “failed to penalize” him; and that he threatened the two

girls that he would “kill” their family if they report the matter to

the authorities.

ANALYSIS:

This is exactly a year-old hoax story. It was first

reported last March 2017. The town of Alcantara had already

quashed this malicious information last year. The Filipino

Times also found out the photo used by the website was taken

from Sunstar (a news daily in Cebu) dated August 08, 2015.

Original source of the photo

The man covered with black cloth is not a priest, but a

certain police officer who was caught sniffing shabu inside a

drug den in Dumanjug, Cebu. The photo was originally shot by

Alan Tangcawan.
ARTICLE NO. 5

“Aquino nagalit dahil papalitan ang NAIA ng ‘Manila

International Airport?”

Author: BALITANG PINAS Date: March 6, 2018

Source: https://memebuster.net/aquino-nagalit-dahil-papalitan-

ang-naia/

A headline claiming that former President Benigno Aquino

III was disappointed over a proposal to change the name of the

Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) into Manila

International Airport was only fake news. This prompted negative

reactions against the former president; one of them said, “Sino

sya para magalit. [P]anahon na para mabura ang mga [A]quino sa

[P]ilipinas.”The information was published

by www.dutertefilipino.info and posted by the Facebook page

“Duterte Worldwide Supporters”.

 As of this writing, the Facebook post had more than 500

reactions and 2,000 shares.

ANALYSIS:

The headline is misleading. If you click on the link, you

will find a 3-minute YouTube video about a PTV News report on

how lawyer Larry Gadon filed a petition before Congress to have

NAIA’s name replaced.

 It was also reported by the Philippine News Agency and

published by the Philippine Canadian Inquirer on January 18,

2017.

“May petisyon kami na ginagawa, marami nang nakapirma. May

mga nakausap na rin kaming congressmen na tutulong to change the

name of NAIA back to MIA,” Gadon said of the petition.

He added that renaming NAIA back to its original name would

help “shake off the jinx” that now comes with its reputation for

being named the worst airport in the world and for being home to

laglag-bala schemes.

The airport was renamed as NAIA in 1987 during the

administration of the late President Corazon Aquino, whose

husband, Ninoy, was shot to death at the tarmac when he

descended from his plane upon arrival from the US.

 Unlike what the headline claimed, no video, audio or

article showed that the other Aquino president and Ninoy’s son

reacted angrily to having his dad’s name stripped off the

airport’s name. The headline is completely irrelevant to the

article’s content, which meant that it was made just to get a

rise out of the misled netizens.

CONCLUSION

Based on the articles found, the following conclusions are drawn.

One of the reasons why people are easily fooled by what they see

on social media, are those who make articles that are less

informative. It lacks evidences to prove whether if the information

posted is true or not. Many people have been deceived by a pretentious

articles or news they see every time they browse their social media

accounts or the web. To avoid these situations, one should examine

what they read or see, they should check whether the information is

true or not. They must be curious about the articles or news they

read. Do not judge or make decisions in the brain if you know the

evidence that you have read. Lastly, they need to check if the

journalists or broadcasters or the sites where the news are posted is

verified and legit.

The researchers concluded that the articles shown above are

fake, lacks information and from phony accounts and sites. This

can be read by anyone and anywhere. If one is not literate about

this type of information, they can be deceived and might have a

tendency to share it to someone that can result in spreading

fake news. As a student, this happens a lot of times, as

suspension of classes are always anticipated, therefore students

easily believe news they just see online and share it to their

teachers and co-classmates. The researchers aim to stop this

from happening again. Hence, the reason this research is being

conducted.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the articles presented, the following

recommendations are suggested.

The researchers recommend that everyone should be conscious

to everything they see, hear and read. The vast amount of

information available online and rise in fake news highlights

the need for critical thinking. Children need to develop

critical thinking from an early age. This is a key skill for

young people to develop as they enter into third level education

and prepare themselves for the workplace.

Google and Facebook have announced new measures to tackle

fake news with the introduction of reporting and flagging

tools. Media organisations like the BBC and Channel 4 have also

established fact checking sites While, these are welcome

developments, digital media literacy and developing skills to

critically evaluate information are essential skills for anyone

navigating the internet and especially for young people.

The researchers recommend everyone to take the time to be

informed and knowledgeable on how to spot fake news. There are

a number of things to watch out for when evaluating content

online. Take a closer look. Check the source of the story, do

you recognise the website? Is it a credible/reliable source? If

you are unfamiliar with the site, look in the about section or

find out more information about the author. Look beyond the

headline. Check the entire article, many fake news stories use

sensationalist or shocking headlines to grab attention. Often

the headlines of fake new stories are in all caps and use

exclamation points. Check other sources. Check the facts.

Fake news stories often contain incorrect dates or altered

timelines. It is also a good idea to check when the article was

published, is it current or an old news story? Check your

biases. Satirical sites are popular online and sometimes it is

not always clear whether a story is just a joke or parody. Check

the website.

Information overload of people and a general lack of

understanding about how the internet works have also contributed

to an increase in fake news or hoax stories. Social media sites

can play a big part in increasing the reach of these types of

stories.

The researchers recommend everyone to always be aware of

everything they see on the Internet. People should always know

and remember that a lot of news online is mostly fake and not

true. They should only trust pages that are verified. Lastly,

the researchers recommend that despite the modern technology

offered to everyone, different kinds of media like newspapers,

radio, magazines and TV are only a reach away. They should not

neglect the importance these media are and how it provides

accurate, objective and reliable information more than the

internet.