DENOx

BOFA - Schematic

FINAL SH
REHEATER
LTSH
LTSH

Bypass ECO
Over Fire Air ECO

Hot Sec. Air

Burners

Furnace Air Staging- Vertical

Bypass Over Fire Air (BOFA) System
 Staged Air Combustion

 Combustion occurs in two zones.

 Fuel in the first combustion area is fired with less than
stoichiometric amount of air, creating a fuel-rich
condition near the primary flame.
 In the second area, the rest of the combustion air is
introduced through BOFA to complete the fuel
consumption.
 The deficiency of O2 in the first zone and the low
temperature in the second zone both contribute to a
reduction in NOx formation.
 BHEL’s approach for NOx reduction
• Thru In-furnace modification (Combustion Modification)

• Existing TT burner assemblies are modified to have redesigned Air

plenum.

• Existing close coupled OFA (CC-OFA) compartments shall be

retained (2 compartments)

• Introduction of BOFA depending on boiler layout feasibility

• Single level or

• Concentric Firing System

 OFA and BOFA Arrangement
 CC-OFA or Regular OFA compartments are integral with
the Wind boxes (TT-firing system)

 In BOFA system, separate Over Fire Air Compartments are

provided at one or two elevations in Furnace (either in the
corners or on the furnace walls or In combination of above)

 BOFA Air is tapped from Hot Secondary air ducts (Left and
Right) and then supplied to the BOFA compartments.

 Approximately 20-25% of the Combustion air is distributed

thru BOFA air compartments

 This ensures sub-stoichiometric conditions in the combustion

zone inside the furnace, thus resulting into delayed
combustion of fuel and further into lower Thermal NOx
production.

 BOFA system can lower NOx generation to the extent of

40%.
Requirements of Bypassed over fire air system

1. Modification in wind box

2. Modification of Furnace water wall to accommodate

BOFA

3. Modification of duct system

4. Modification of Control system

Fin Cutting in the water
wall cutout portion to fit
BOFA panel
BOFA panel fitted and
welded