Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Wa TER
Wa TER
Wa TER
WaTER
NaOH
Stabilization
Concentrate disposal (evap. Ponds)
pipelines
intakes
outfalls Energy cost for Concentrate outfall
Dechlorination / Ozonation mods.
Cost formulas, where did they come from, are they estimated from graphs or from qasim
Evap Ponds
Deep Well injection
set lower limits
set upper limits
heating & lighting is not based on day light or outside air temp.
"H2O analysis" - Valence changes with pH
"References" Section
WaTER or "Water Treatment Estimation Routine" is a model for estimating the cost of drinking water treatment. WaTER is
the MS Excel program that is the basis for the Visual Basic program called "WTCost". WaTER was developed by the U.S.
Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) "Water Treatment Engineering and Research Group". WaTER is updated on a semi
continuous basis (adding new treatment techniques, modifying costs, etc.). WaTER can be downloaded at:
http://www.usbr.gov/pmts/water/awtr.html
WaTER uses the 1979 USEPA water treatment cost estimates (1978 dollars) and the 1992 Quasim updates to the 1979
costs as the basis. Costs are updated to todays costs. Processes not included in the 1979 or 1992 updates are estimated
from USBR experience and manufacturere estimates. The majoirty of the program is based on applicable flows between 1
and 200 MGD. There has been some recent work incorporating smaller flows of 2,500 gpd to 1 MGD.
Information on treatment techniques included in WaTER for all USEPA regulated contaminants can be found in the USBR
publication "Water Treatment Primer for Communities in Need"
WTcost is a Visual Basic version of this program (with some edits and additions) developed by Irvine Moch. This program
is for sale through Irvine Moch & Associates.
I. Moch & Assoc., Inc.
PMB 161, Suite 6, 1812 Marsh Road, Wilmington, DE 19910-4528
(302) 477-0420, Fax: (302) 477-0242, E- Mail:imoch@aol.com
Comments
This model is updated on a continuous basis when funding and time permits. Work on this model is not currently funded
and has not been funded since FY04. Although this is labeled as a "Non Functional Version" there are many components
that work. The non functional status comes from the fact that not everything has been fully checked and there are some
components that do not funciton or do not function correctly.
Major Notes
Capital costs are computed using the peak day flow and an operation time factor (OTF) to account for down tim
O&M costs are computed using the average daily flow which accounts for daily usage of chemicals, power, etc.
Design Notes
r (OTF) to account for down time which increases the hourly flow rate, but not the daily flow rate
usage of chemicals, power, etc.
Components of the WaTER program
Intake Pre-Treatment Primary Treatment Desalination Disinfection
Chemicals
Dechlorination Concentrate Disposal
Concentrate Outfall -Cl2
-Sodium Bisulfite - Outfall
-Ozone -Sodium Sulfite - Evap. Ponds
-Potassium Permanganate -Sulfer Dioxide
-Acid
-Lime
-Antiscalant
MF
FLOW
NF/RO
Pre Desal Primary NF/RO NF/RO Product
Treatment Feed Flow Feed Flow Flow
Air Stripping UF
PreDesal Primary Desal
Plant Production Flow
Treatment Product Feed Flow ED
Flow Desal
Product Flow
Rapid Mix Tank UFSCC Gravity Filter
Chemicals
-Cl 2
IX
-Ozone
Disinfection
-Potassium Permanganate
-Cl2
-Acid
-Lime -Ozone
Coagulant -Chlorine Dioxide
-Ferric Chloride Blending Blending -Chloramines
-Ferric Sulfate Flow Stabilization
-Alum (dru)
-Alum (liquid)
MF
Primary Treatment
Feed Flow
Air Stripping UF
Plant Production Flow
Primary Treatment
Product Flow
Rapid Mix Tank UFSCC Gravity Filter
Chemicals
-Cl2 FLOW Disinfection
-Cl2
-Ozone
-Potassium Permanganate -Ozone
-Acid -Chlorine Dioxide
-Chloramines
-Lime
Coagulant
-Ferric Chloride
-Ferric Sulfate
-Alum (dry)
-Alum (liquid)
-PACl
-Lime
Coagulant Aid
-PolyElectrolyte
Warnings
Note: If Warnings are present, they are higlighted with red fill e.g.
0 0.00019
0 0.04 20
1212 144 72000
64 4 2300
128 4 2500
16 4 2300
401 0.5 100
946 4 4500
1568 4 4500
376 110 2300
379 4 1800
118 4 4500
0 4 4500
223 0.4 100
223 0.5 100
891 0.4 220
81699 2500 200,000,000
2120 13 2600
2120 13 2600
20 16 40
50 13 2600
100 0.01 0
4796 0 0
528 error error
163 3 350
139 3 350
assumptions
b/w pump
gravity filter
Date 06/07/04
# Worksheet Description
a Project & Stage Info Project title, date, list of worksheets in WaTER
b Capacity Production Capacity and water data report
c Report Process information input and cost output
d Cost Index Cost indices, interest rates, amortization
e H2O Analysis Water quality input
f RO & NF Input Input of membrane and system parameters
g RO & NF Output Cost and energy output
h CO2 Recarbonation basin
i Acid Sulfuric & Hydorchloric acid
j IronFeed
k Alum Feed
L PACl
m De-Cl2 Dechlorination with sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, and sulfer dioxide
n Cl2
o NHCl
p Ozone
q Lime Feed
r Antiscalant
s PolyElectrolyte
t KMnO4
u GAC
v Clearwell
w Gravity Filter
x UFSCC
y IX
z MF Input
aa MF Output
bb Rejection
cc ConcOutfall
dd IonicsED
ee ED2
f Pumps
gg StandardAnalyses
hh S&DSI
ii LSI NF & RO Conditioning
jj Stif & Davis
{b}Capacity
Note: Peak daily flow should be used for capital costs and average daily flow should be used for O&M costs 1000 cfs and 300 cfs.
Most flow rates are limited to 1 to 200 MGD 1,292,630,400 646,315,200 193,894,560
897,660 448,830 134,649
2000 1000 300
Average Daily Flow
Plant Production Flow L/Sec. L/Min. L/day gpm gph gpd MGD gal/year m3/day m3/year
Flowrate (Enter in ONE of these cells, set rest cells to "0") 0.00 0.0 0 0 0 0 100.00 0
O&M: Flowrate 4,380.79 262,847.2 378,500,000 69436.9 4,166,215 99,989,169 99.99 36,520,244,042 378,500 138,244,097
Flowrate (with OTF) 4,611.35 276,681.3 73,091.5 4,385,490 105,251,757
System Capacity (with OTF) 398,421,053 105.3 38,442,362,150 398,421.1 145,520,102
NF/RO Feed Flow Rate L/Sec. L/Min. L/day gpm gph gpd MGD gal/year m3/day m3/year
O&M: NF/RO Feed Flow Rate:* 5,153.87 309,232.03 445,294,118 81,690.50 4,901,429.85 117,634,316 117.63 42,964,992,991 445,294.12 162,640,114.12
Capital: NF/RO Feed Flow Rate (with OTF): 54.25 3,255.07 859.90 51,594.00 1,238,256
Note: NF/RO Feed Flow = (Plant Production Flow) / (NF/RO Recovery)
Rapid Mix Feed Flow Rate L/Sec. L/Min. L/day gpm gph gpd MGD gal/year m3/day m3/year
O&M: Rapid Mix Feed Flow Rate:* 5,153.87 309,232.03 445,294,118 81,690.50 4,901,429.85 117,634,316 117.63 42,964,992,991 445,294.12 162,640,114.12
Capital: Rapid Mix Feed Flow Rate (with OTF): 54.25 3,255.07 859.90 51,594.00 1,238,256
Note Rapid Mix Feed Flow = (Plant Production Flow) / (NF/RO Recovery)
Units
Desired Flow Rate: 4611 L/s
6 3
$ 59,763,158 $ 79,684,211
Production Capacity
Average Daily Flow (for O&M) Peak Daily Flow (for capital)
378,500 3,785 m3/day
138,244,097 1,382,441 m3/year
99,989 1,000 kgal/day
36,520,244 365,202 kgal/year
Gravity Filtration
Calculated Surface Area: 2,120.45 m2 22825 ft2
Alternative Surface Area: m2
Structure: $ 11,921,849 $ 31.50 $ 119.23 $ 670,324 $ 0.00 $ 0.02
Backwashing: $ 5,647,058 $ 14.92 $ 56.48 $ 59,945 $ 0.00 $ 0.00
Media
Rapid Sand $ 1,797,258
Coal/Sand $ 1,797,258
Coal/Sand/Garnet $ 2,546,115
Coal/GreenSand/Coal $ 2,995,430
CO2
Stabilization
Outfall
Concentrate Disposal
Sodium Sulfite: Cost 300 $/ $ 480,299 $ 1.27 $ 4.80 $ 504,695 $ 0.00 $ 0.01
Calculated Dose 0.9 mg/L
Alternative Dose mg/L
Sulfur Dioxide: Cost 300 $/ $ 480,299 $ 1.27 $ 4.80 $ 504,695 $ 0.00 $ 0.01
Calculated Dose 0.9 mg/L
Cost reports for water treatment processes
Production Capacity
Average Daily Flow (for O&M) Peak Daily Flow (for capital)
De-Chlorination
Chlorine Dioxide $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Residual; 2.5 mg/L
Calculated Dose Rate: % mg/L
Alternative Dose Rate: mg/L
Acidification
Feed LSI (for TDS>5000) -1.77 Conc LSI 0.62
Calc Dose 96% H2SO4 (mg/L) 99.0 Conc LSI 0.32 w/Acid #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! $ 151,276 $ 0.00 $ 0.00
Alternative: 7 mg/L
Calc Dose 37% HCl (mg/L) 73.4 Conc LSI -1.43 w/Acid #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! $ 2,708,709 $ 0.02 $ 0.07
Alternative: mg/L
Alum (liquid feed) Dose Rate $ 163,393 $ 0.43 $ 1.63 $ 371,823 $ 0.00 $ 0.01
Calculated: 655 mg/L
Alternative: mg/L
Based on: 128 kg/hr 282 lb/hr
Poly Aluminum Chloride Dose Rate $ 74,547 $ 0.20 $ 0.75 $ 260,653 $ 0.00 $ 0.01
Calculated: 98 mg/L
Chemical Feed Systems (Main Process)
Alternative: mg/L
Based on: 16 kg/hr 36 lb/hr
Ferric Sulfate Dose Rate $ 445,537 $ 1.18 $ 4.46 $ 140,350 $ 0.00 $ 0.00
Calculated: 259 mg/L
Alternative: mg/L
Based on: 1212 kg/day 2667 lb/day
Lime & Soda Ash Dose Rate $ 240,456 $ 0.64 $ 2.40 $ 106,016 $ 0.00 $ 0.00
Leave out Soda Ash "Y" or "N"? Y
Calculated Lime: 6 mg/L
Calculated Soda Ash: 0 mg/L
Alternative Lime mg/L
Alternative Soda Ash: mg/L
Based on Lime dose: 118 kg/hr 259 lb/hr
Based on Soda Ash: 0 kg/hr 0 lb/hr
Potassium Permanganate Dose Rate $ 94,662 $ 0.25 $ 0.95 $ 1,309,257 $ 0.01 $ 0.04
Calculated: 0 mg/L
Alternative: 2 mg/L
Based on: 891 kg/day 1959 lb/day
Pumps
Single Stage Tubine $ 9,003,237 $ 23.79 $ 90.04 $ 22,789,633 $ 0.16 $ 0.62
Variable Speed Turbine $ 4,748,362 $ 12.55 $ 47.49
Centrifugal, Singe Stage $ 1,728,164 $ 4.57 $ 17.28
Misc. Equipment
Clearwell
Distrib.
Notes
References
ENR - Engineering News Record Construction Cost Index published monthly by McGraw Hill in New York City (212-512-2000)
See http://www.enr.com
http://www.enr.com/features/conEco/costIndexes/mostRecentIndexes.asp
Last check for accuracy of the MCL values 1/1/2000 Implement eH-pH diagrams to automatically change valence with pH
3 350
RO & NF OUTPUT
Estimating Construction Costs for NF90 Membrane Treatment Plant Estimating O&M Costs
References
Based on "Estimating the Cost of Membrane (RO or NF) Water Treatment Plants" By William B. Suratt, P.E., Camp Dresser & McKee Inc. Vero Beach Florida
Presented at the AWWA Membrane Technology Conference, Reno, NV, 1995. also published as "Estimating the cost of membrane water treatment plants."
Percent of Subtotal
Excavation & Sitework 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07
Concrete 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Steel 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32
Labor 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.39
Pipe & Valves 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02
Subtotal 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Miscellaneous & contingency 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
Total 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15
$100,000
1979 $
$20,000
$-
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Volume - Cubic Meters
Percent of Subtotal
Manufactured Equipment 0.62 0.63 0.59 0.60
Labor 0.18 0.18 0.20 0.21
Pipe & Valves 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.11
Housing 0.17 0.15 0.12 0.09
Subtotal
Micsellaneous & Contingency 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
Total 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15
C on s tru c tion C o s t 197 8$
$300,000
f(x) = 55052.7549730458 exp( 0.0002523941 x )
$200,000 R² = 0.972736168
$100,000
$-
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Installed Capacity (kg/day)
$/kWhr 0.03
$/hr Labor 10
$25,000
$20,000
f(x) = - 0.0001369974x^2 + 3.4807626568x + 3878.7452482663
$15,000 R² = 0.9990603788
$10,000
$5,000
$-
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Installed Capacity (kg/day)
nt of Subtotal Average
0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 ENR Skilled Labor Index
0.20 0.20 0.19 0.20 ENR Cement Cost ($/ton)
0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 ENR Steel Cost ($/cwt)
0.39 0.38 0.38 0.39 ENR Labor Rate ($/hr)
0.03 0.03 0.04 0.02 ENR Materials Index
1.00 1.00 1.00
0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
1.15 1.15 1.15
Total
Polynomial (
Total)
00 3000
7500 15000
3409 6818
$ 73,000 $ 141,000
$ 28,990 $ 58,010
$ 16,940 $ 37,540
$ 8,450 $ 8,900
$ 127,380 $ 245,450
$ 19,110 $ 36,820
$ 146,490 $ 282,270
nt of Subtotal Average
0.57 0.57 0.60 ENR Construction Cost Index
0.23 0.24 0.21 ENR Labor Rate ($/hr)
0.13 0.15 0.09 ENR Materials Index
0.07 0.04 0.11 ENR Building Cost Index
7000 8000
7500 15000
3409 6818
$ 4,428 $ 8,549
$ 7,700 $ 10,000
$ 1,820 $ 2,730
$ 13,948 $ 21,279
Average
0.32 0.40 0.23 Electricity Cost ($/kWhr)
0.55 0.47 0.60 ENR Materials Index
0.13 0.13 0.16 ENR Labor Rate ($/hr)
1 1 1.00
s a CO2 source
x + 3878.7452482663
Fe2(SO4)3-7H2O
Capital Cost: $ 164,585
%
Manufactured & Electrical Equipment 0.72 $ 328,850
Housing 0.21 $ 89,611
Excavation, Site Work & Labor 0.02 $ 9,948
Piping and Valves 0.05 $ 17,128
Steel 0 $ -
Concrete 0 $ -
November, 2006 Capital Cost $: 1.000 $ 445,537
O&M Cost
General Form: A*e^(B*X)+C
A= 1260926
B= 0.00001394
Units
L/sec.
L/day
g/mol
mg/L
mmoles/L
mg/L
mg/L
kg/day
FeCl3 6H20
$ 168,194 1978 Costs
$ 336,061
$ 91,576
$ 10,166
$ 17,503 Today's
Costs
$ -
$ -
$ 455,307
$ 3,686
$ 5,313
$ 59,761 Today's
Costs
$ 712,017
$ 780,776
Capital Calculations
Al2(SO4)3-18H2O Units
NF/RO Feed flow (peak day flow w/ OTF) 54 L/sec
195 m /hr.
3
Capital Cost: $ 48,335 1978 Costs Construction Cost Equations (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 16)
%
Manufactured & Electrical Equipment 0.46 $ 61,701
Housing 0.03 $ 3,760
Excavation, Site Work & Labor 0.04 $ 5,843
Piping and Valves 0.47 $ 47,283 Today's
Costs
Steel 0 $ -
Concrete 0 $ -
November, 2006 Capital Cost $: 1.00 $ 118,587
Capital Calculations
Units
Liquid Alum dose rate 128 kg/hr. O&M cost (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 19,20)
Multiplier between dry and liquid 2
Alternative dose 0 mg/L
Alternative dose rate 0 kg/hr.
Basis dose rate 128 kg/hr.
O&M Calculations
Units
Liquid Alum dose rate 128 kg/hr.
Multiplier between dry and liquid 2
Alternative dose 0 mg/L
Alternative dose rate 0 kg/hr.
Basis dose rate 128 kg/hr.
O&M Cost: $ 2,376 1978 Costs O&M cost (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 17,18)
%
Materials 0.04 $ 198 Applicable Range
Energy 0.59 $ 272 Lower Limit Upper Limit
Today's
Labor 0.37 $ 283 4 2500
Costs
Alum Cost: $ 371,069
November, 2006 Operation & Maintenance $: 1.00 $ 371,823
Alum Feed
Capital Cost
General Form: A*X^(B)*e^(C*X)
Dry Feed Liquid Feed
A= 12333.4 13223.3
B= 0.3205 0.285
C= 0.000515 0.000377
O&M Cost
General Form: A*e^(B*X)+C
Dry Feed Liquid Feed
Capital Calculations
Al6(OH)12Cl6 Units
Primary Treatment Feed flow (peak day flow w/ OTF) 46 L/sec.
166 m3/hr.
MW of PACL 596.66 g/mol
Cost $/100 lbs.: $ 80 per 100 lbs.
Alternative dose rate 0 mg/L
0 kg/hr
Bicarbonate Alkalinity: 180 mg/L
2.95 mmoles/L
PACl Dose Rate 98 mg/L
PACl Dose Rate (18:1 HCO3:PACl) 0.164 mmoles/L
Calculated dose rate 16 kg/hr.
Basis dose rate 16 kg/hr.
Alum Feed
Capital Cost
General Form: A*X^(B)*e^(C*X)
Dry Feed Liquid Feed
A= 12333.4 13223.3
B= 0.3205 0.285
C= 0.000515 0.000377
O&M Cost
General Form: A*e^(B*X)+C
Dry Feed Liquid Feed
A= 1205293 -6880.7
B= 0.000019433 -0.000659
C= -1202070 8700
Applicable Range
Lower Limit Upper Limit
4 2300
Polymer Feed - Yes I know - This is a place holder equiation. I need to find out how these chemical injection systems differ fro
Capital Cost
General Form: A*e^(B*X)+C
A= 11760.71
B= 0.00665
C= 8200
O&M Cost
General Form: A*e^(B*X)
A= 3000.8
B= 0.00207
Chemical options:
m3/day
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L Applicable Range
mg/L Lower Limit Upper Limit
kg/day 0.5 100
$/ton
O&M Cost
General Form: A*X^B+C
A= 47.6
B= 0.89
C= 6000
Ammonia Feed
Note: Ozone requirements (ozone demand) are based on water quality analysis outside of this program
Source: Qasim, et al, Aug. 1992, AWWA Source: Qasim, et al, Aug. 1992, AWWA
Updated from
EPA-600/2-79-162b, Aug. 1979
Mg Ca HCO3+CO2 Ca(OH)2 Mg and Ca react with Alkalinity and Lime to precipitate CaCO3 and
Ratio 1 1 4 3
Soda Ash Limit 0.00
Requirement eq 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.58 mg/L 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mg Ca Na2CO3 Ca(OH)2 If Ca and/or Mg are in excess of Alkalinity, then add soda ash
0.0 mg/L Ratio 1 1 1*mg+1*Ca 1*Mg
eq 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0 mg/L mg/L 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polymer Feed
Capital Cost
General Form: A*e^(B*X)+C
A= 11760.71
B= 0.00665
C= 8200
O&M Cost
General Form: A*e^(B*X)
A= 3000.8
B= 0.00207
Polymer Feed
Capital Cost
General Form: A*e^(B*X)+C
A= 11760.71
B= 0.00665
C= 8200
O&M Cost
General Form: A*e^(B*X)
A= 3000.8
B= 0.00207
Permanganate Feed
Capital Cost
General Form: A*X^B*e^(C*X)
A= 9681.7
B= 0.0304
C= 0.00122
O&M Cost
General Form: A*e^(B*X)+C
A= -2125.9
B= -0.01689
C= 5600
Data from EPA-600/2-79-162b, August 1979, pg453-454. They are used in determining cost formula.
Gravity Filter
Source: Qasim, et al, Aug. 1992, AWWA Source: Qasim, et al, Aug. 1992, AWWA
18000
16000 50
100
14000
200
f(x) = 53.377411897 x^0.7006642414
12000
R² = 0.9941239156 300 Column R
10000 Power (Column
400
8000 R)
600
6000
800
4000
1000
2000 1200
0
1400
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
1600
1800
2000
2300
2600
2800
Ion Exchange
Regeneration/Backwashing Pump
Applicable Range
Actual Lower Limit Upper Limit
Production Flow to be treated 4380.79 L/s Filter area (m ):
2
49.61 13 2600
Equiv/L , CATION >+1 1.05E-04 equiv/L Applicable Range
Equiv/L , ANION 7.21E-03 equiv/L Lower Limit Upper Limit
Service Flow Rate : 20 L/(hr*L resin) 16 40 1978 Capital Cost: % $ 97,922
Cation Equivalents/Liter of Resin 20 equiv/L Manufactured & Electrical Equipment 0.69 $ 187,501
Anion Equivalents/Liter of Resin 11 equiv/L Housing 0.00 $ -
Desired Run Cycle: 1 days Excavation, Site Work & Labor 0.07 $ 20,716
Piping and Valves 0.24 $ 48,914
Medium: Cation Anion Steel 0.00 $ -
Min Volume: 788.5 788.5 m3 Concrete 0.00 $ -
Time until exhaustion of min volume: 397.6 3.2 days November, 2006 Capital Cost $: 1.00 $ 257,131
Resin for desired Run Cycle: 788.54 788.54 m3
Resin Expansion Coefficient 2 2 1978 O&M Cost: % $ 3,570
Total Vessel Volume 1,577 1,577 m3 Materials 0.24 $ 1,783
Nominal Resin Price $/m3 $1,607 $6,250 Energy 0.52 $ 4,332
Resin Cost: $ 1,267,299 $ 4,928,385 Labor 0.24 $ 2,410
November, 2006 Operation & Maintenance $: 1.00 $ 8,525
Vessel:
Aspect ratio: 4 height/dia
Bed area : 49.61 m2
Base pressure vessel correlation: Total Construction Cost: % $ 2,208,278 Resin w/ Tank & Regeneration Tank
Number of Vessels (Reality check) Height is 31.8 m Manufactured & Electrical Equipment 0.57 $ 1,845,612
(446 kPa/ 50 psig) b= 3.446 Housing 0.01 $ 31,839
log($) = b + m*log(m^3) m= 0.562 Excavation, Site Work & Labor 0.03 $ 86,053
Cost factor for operating pressure: 2 Piping and Valves 0.43 $ 1,118,253
Tank cost at base pressure: $ 174,786 Steel 0.00 $ -
TOTAL TANK COST: $ 349,572 Concrete 0.00 $ -
November, 2006 Capital Cost $: 1.04 $ 3,081,756
Regeneration (with NaCl) Units Alternative Units 1978 O&M Cost: % $ 820,280
Mass of NaCl /vol of resin: 150 kg/m3 9 lb/ft3 Materials 0.24 $ 233,956
NaCl required: 236,563 kg 521,526 lb Energy 0.52 $ 426,546
Chemical cost per kg NaCl: $0.02 per kg $0.01 per lb. Labor 0.24 $ 179,673
TOTAL CHEMICAL COST PER YEAR: $ 820,280 November, 2006 Operation & Maintenance $: 1.00 $ 840,175
Process input Units Alternative Units Alternative Units Lower Limit Upper Limit Process Flow Calculation Units Alternative Units
Design MF product flow rate 99,989,169 gpd Feed flow 4380.3 L/s 69430 gpm
Design MF product flow rate 100.0 MGD 0.01 Product flow 4351.1 L/s 68966 gpm
Design MF product flow rate 69437 gpm Backwash 908.4 L/hr 4 gpm
Design MF product flow rate 4380 L/s 378,459,004 L/day Recovery rate 99.3 %
Design MF product flow rate 378,459 m3/day Feed pump horsepower 1519 hp
Feed pump (kwh) 9,429,856 kwh
Plant availability (%) 95 % Backflush (kwh) 62,866 kwh
Membrane Module equipment cost $ 211,500 90M10C Number of Modules 103
Cost per membrane $650 Number of Membranes 9270
modular system flow rate 675 gpm 42.6 L/s 0.972 MGD Building Area 49995 ft2 4645 m2
Flow per module 7.5 gpm
No. membranes per module 90
Pump efficiency 80 %
Motor efficiency 93 %
Design feed pressure 30 psi 207 kpa
Backflush pressure 29 psi 200 kpa 576
Backwash Flow 600 gpm 37.9 L/s
Backwash intervals 15 minutes 900 second 0.0104 days
Backwash and backflush duration 0.1 minutes 6 second 0.0001 days
0.996
458693381.xls
0.9959
{bb}Rejection
Project Name Date Stage
Model Development 06/07/04 A1
What is purpos
This sheet originally from Ellen Show dp or dia
Velocity 2.3 m/sec other
4.496 100.000
1.422
1.005 Eq III
0.821 Alt
0.711
0.636 10.000
0.580
0.537
0.503
0.474 1.000
0.450
0.429
0.410
0.394
0.380 0.100
0.367 0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000
0.355
0.345
Diameter (m)
0.335
0.326
0.318
0.260
0.225
0.201
0.184
0.170
0.159
0.150
0.142
0.136
0.130
0.125
0.120
0.116
0.112
0.109
0.106
0.103
0.101
Versions
Eq III
Alt
800 1.000
Project Name Date Stage
Model Development 06/07/04 A1
Electricity $ 58,171,969
Labor $ 31,810
Membrane Replacement $ 5,049,026
Cleaning Chemicals $ 105,252
Cartridge Filters $ 2,024,874
Repairs and Replacement $ 176,632
Insurance $ 70,653
Lab fees $ 1,010,417
Total O & M Cost $ 66,640,633
First Stage
Energy Requirements
Power requirements 0.00 kWhr/m3:
Pumping energy requirements 0.17 kWhr/m3 0.17
Total 64345 kWh/day
Membrane Requirements
Total Membrane Area 0 m2
Number of cell pairs: 0
Second Stage
Energy Requirements
Power requirements 0.00 kWhr/m3
Pumping energy requirements 0.17 kWhr/m3 0.17
Total 37850 kWh/day
Membrane Requirements
Total Membrane Area 0 m2
Number of cell pairs: 0
Total
Total capital cost (1st and 2nd stage) $0
Suggested Values
$ 100.00
15
1.65
$ 0.08
$ 15.00
0.2
1
15
15
10
Suggested Values
100
15
1.65
0.08
15
0.2
1
15
15
10
Pumps
Units Alternative Units
Number of pumps: 1 pump
Height differential: 100 m 328.1 ft
Discharge pressure: 1750 kPa 254 psi
Full flow rate: 5.15 m3/s 81,699 gal/min
Basis flow rate 5.15 m3/s 81,699 gal/min
Pump Efficiency: 75 %
Velocity (m/s) 2.4 m/s 8 ft/sec
Motor Efficiency: 87 %
HP 24251
Power consumption: 20795 kW
PD VST Cent
Direct Costs (material and labor) 3 - 300 HP 3 - 500 HP 3 - 1200 HP
Pump, drive, Piping and driver 7,275,306 3,016,431 234
Piping 1,727,931 1,727,931 1,727,931
Controls 4,000
Installed Capital Cost $9,003,237 $4,748,362 $1,728,164
Operating Costs
Power Cost $/year 12,113,659
Lubrication ($/L oil) 0.7 59,483
Cooling water ($/m3 water) 0.075 9,559,752
Maintenance (hr/Hp) 1.5 1,056,738
$22,789,633
Source: "Pump Handbook" Karassik, Krutzsch, Fraser and Messina pg (9-66)
Required Information
Plant life expectancy, n 30
Annual Interest Rate, i 6%
Annual fixed-charge rate, AFC 10
Present-worth factor, PWF 13.76
Captial-recovery factor, CRF 0.073
Operating factor, OF 0.95
Annual levelized cost, ALC $0
6.31E-05 1 235.9613
6.31E-04 10 235.613
3.15E-03 50 234.065
6.31E-03 100 232.13
6.31E-02 1000 197.3
1.26E-01 2000 158.6
3.15E-01 5000 42.5
Chart Title
250
200 f(x) = - 0.0387x + 236
R² = 1
150
100
50
gal/min
0 Linear
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 (gal/min)
Project Name Date Stage
Model Development 06/07/04 A1
Temp
Could change this to a goal seek equation 45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
A=
B =- 0.0207*Temp + 2.491
Incomplete
x = TDS in mg/L
C (45) = 0.0368Ln(x) + 1.5825 R2 = 0.9871
C (40) = 0.0371Ln(x) + 1.6678 R2 = 0.987
C (35) = 0.0383Ln(x) + 1.7581 R2 = 0.9923
C (30) = 0.0372Ln(x) + 1.865 R2 = 0.9785
C (25)= 0.0372Ln(x) + 1.965 R2 = 0.9785
C (20) = 0.0372Ln(x) + 2.0658 R2 = 0.9811
C (15) = 0.037Ln(x) + 2.1775 R2 = 0.9854
C (10) = 0.0362Ln(x) + 2.2963 R2 = 0.9862
C (5) = 0.0377Ln(x) + 2.412 R2 = 0.9882
B
R² = 0.9950856101
0.0372 2.0358 1.5
0.037 2.1775
1
0.0362 2.2963
0.0377 2.412 0.5
0.037189 0
B =- 0.0207*Temp + 2.491 R2 = 0.9983 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Temperature
C (x,T)= 0.0372*Ln(x)-0.0209*T+2.499
TDS Factor
ge this to a goal seek equation
1.22
0.8
2.9 5
Logarith
2.7
f(x) = 0.0377390603 ln(x) + 2.4119582969 mic (5)
2.5 R² = 0.9882006916 10
15
2.3
20
2.1 25
1.9 30
f(x) = 0.0367723977 ln(x) + 1.5824622719 Logarith
1.7 R² = 0.987123486 mic (30)
1.5 35
40
1.3 45
1.1 Logarith
10 100 1000 10000 mic (45)
0.0385 B
0.038 Linear (B)
7103333x + 2.4910916667 0.0375 A
A
56101 0.037
0.0365
0.036
0.0355
0.035
0.0385 B
0.038 Linear (B)
7103333x + 2.4910916667 0.0375 A
A
56101 0.037
0.0365
0.036
0.0355
0.035
20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Temperature
5
Logarith
mic (5)
10
15
20
25
30
Logarith
mic (30)
35
40
45
Logarith
00 mic (45)
Project Name Date Stage
Model Development 06/07/04 A1
Temp 50 40 30 25
Ionic Strength K
0 1.5 1.7 1.85 1.97
0.2 2.27 2.45 2.65 2.75
0.4 2.57 2.77 2.95 3.07
0.6 2.7 2.92 3.14 3.25
0.8 2.8 3.04 3.25 3.36
1 2.82 3.1 3.32 3.42
1.2 2.85 3.1 3.33 3.44
1.4 2.85 3.09 3.32 3.42
1.6 2.82 3.09 3.3 3.4
1.8 2.81 3.08 3.28 3.38
2 2.8 3.05 3.24 3.35
K= 2.3788520254
0.5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1
Ionic Strength
r2
0.9738 4
0.9821
0.9813 3 f(x) = - 0.0004133109x^2 + 0.0265632605x + 2.9071655462 x
0.9832 R² = 0.8986671283
0.9771 f(x) = - 0.0205954286x + 2.5980428571 L
0.9784 2 R² = 0.994110018 x
0.9681
P
1 l
f(x) = 0.0016088571x + 0.5527642857
0 R² = 0.8147202092 x
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 P
-1 l
a
-2 L
f(x) = 0.0001728291x^2 - 0.0141723137x - 2.2694890756
-3 R² = 0.8316299784
a
-2 L
f(x) = 0.0001728291x^2 - 0.0141723137x - 2.2694890756
-3 R² = 0.8316299784
)*I2+(-.0004T^2+.0266T+2.9072)I+(-.0206T+2.598)
pCa
5
4
548951x^2 + 2.9032245532x + 2.616013986 3
2
1
50
682x^3 - 5.3422931235x^2 + 4.3314005439x + 1.5291608392
Polynomi
al (50)
40
30
25
20
10 Conversion of Ca and Alk to pCa an
0
1 10 100 1000
Ca and Alk as mg/L CaCO3
x3
Linear (x3)
x2
Polynomia
l (x2)
x
50 60 Polynomia
l (x)
a
Linear (a)
a
Linear (a)
pH vs Alk/CO2
pAlk Fig 3 D 4582 1998 Annual Book of ASTM Standards Volume 11.02
4.75 1
3.7 10 pH of Water MO Alk/CO2 Expressed as mg/L CaCO
2.7 100 5.3 0.098
1.7 1000 5.4 0.12
pH vs
pH of Water
0.7 10000 5.6 0.19
5.8 0.305
6 0.5 9
6.2 0.775 8
f(x) = 0.4
6.4 1.25 7
R² = 0.99
6.6 2 6
6.8 3.2 5
7 5 4
3
7.2 8
2
Conversion of Ca and Alk to pCa and pAlk 7.4 13
1
7.5 17
0
7.6 21.5
0.01 0.1
7.8 34
M
x) = -0.4342944819 ln(x) + 5 8 54
x) = -0.4386374267 ln(x) + 4.73
=1 8.2 100
8.3 1000 pH=0.423 Ln(Alk/CO
Alk
Logarith
mic (Alk)
Ca
Logarith
mic (Ca)
pH vs Alk/CO2
01 0.1 1 10 100
MO Alk/CO2
UV
Units Alternative Units
Volume treated: 69437 gal/min 99,989,169
Power consumption per lamp: 0.05 kW
Alternative power consumption per lamp: 0.00 kW
Lamp replacement time: 1.0 year 12
Alternative lamp replacement time: 0.0 year 0
Required UV lamps: 4907 lamps
Lamp replacement cost: $48.00 per lamp
Annual lamp replacements: 4907 lamps
Annual power consumption: 2,149,266 kWh
Required annual labor hours: 834 hours
months
months
Alternative Units
Project Name Date Stage
Model Development 06/07/04 A1
Microfiltration / Ultrafiltration
Construction Cost2
$ = a*x^b a b
2.4914 -0.3471
O&M Cost2
$ = a*x^b a b
1.0451 -0.5462
1 from Oneby, Nordgren, and Ericson, Membrane Microfiltration As A Cost Efective Solution For A Small Utility
AWWA Membrane Conference Proceedings, 2001
2
from Elarde & Bergman, The Cost of Membrane Filtration for Municipal Water Supplies,
AWWA Membrane Conference Proceedings, 2001
Alternative Units
gpm
2nd Eff RO
Brackish 1 Brackish 2 Brackish 3 Hi Brackish Seawater Municipal Secondary Eff Perm
Aluminum 0.35 0.01
Antimony 3.30E-04
Arsenic 0.0029 0.0025
Barium 0.050 0.0983 0.03 0.11
Beryllium 6.00E-07 0.0005
Boron 0.2230 0.1300
Cadmium 0.001 1.10E-04
Calcium 100.000 182 110 637 406 22.2 64.0000 1.1000
Chromium 0.010 0.023 5.00E-05
Copper 0.050 0.09 3.00E-03
Iron 0.050 0.019 0.01
Lead 0.005 0.006 3.00E-05
Magnesium 35.000 85 80 283 1.29E+03 7.3 24.0000
Manganese 0.550 0.0811 2.00E-03 0.03 0.0285
Mercury 3.00E-05
Nickel 5.40E-03 0.004
Potassium 1.800 4.78 10 131 385 2 14.3000 1.3000
Selenium 0.005 9.00E-05 0.005
Silver 0.005 3.00E-04
Sodium 110.900 175.8 815 3284 10741 25 62.5000 3.1500
Strontium 1.300 2.71 5 15 14 0.61 0.2600
Zinc 0.050 0.01 0.02 0.0593
Alkalinity-Bicarbonate 232.000 189.00 125.00 163.00 144.00 25 345.00 11.60
Alkalinity-Carbonate 0.000 0.5 16.60
Carbon Dioxide (aq) 10.100 13 13.7 44.8 2.50E+00 2.7
Chloride 95.000 560 811 6545 19333 71.7 55.00 5.30
Cyanide
Flouride 0.640 0.31 1 1 1.3 0.5 0.30
Nitrate (as N) 1.000 10.7 0.5 12.50
o-Phosphate 0.37 0.07 0.04 3.70 1.22
Sulfate 300.000 231 1100 680 2688 20 39.50
Silica 17.000 11.9 12 18 10 27.00
pH 7.620 7.39 7.2 6.8 8 7.2 7.50 6.80
pOH 6.50 7.20
Solids (TDS) 905.000 1453 3070 11757 35005 184 425 18
Total Suspended Solids: 1.000 1.3 1 1 1 1
Conductivity 1560.000 2758 5232 19604 54534 362 790.00 25.00
Temperature 25.000 25 25 25 25 25 25.00 25.00