Caleb S.

Reid

5 December 2019

Assignment 4.1

Works Cited

Bigucu, Ertuğrul, et al. “The Effect of Environmental Factors on Heavy Metal and Mineral

Compositions of Raw Milk and Water Samples.” Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty,

vol. 13, no. 4, Oct. 2016, pp. 61–70. EBSCOhost,

search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asn&AN=1200968

40&site=eds-live&scope=site.

In “The Effect of Environmental Factors on Heavy Metal and Mineral

Compositions of Raw Milk and Water Samples,” Bigucu et al. argues that most of

the contamination that is found within cow’s milk is “anthropogenic,” or caused

by human interaction. They present evidence that the highest amounts of lead

and cadmium were found near industrial highways (Bigucu et al. 69). Lead and

cadmium are widely known to have “neurotoxic and carcinogenic actions”

(Bigucu et al. 61). Bigucu et al argue that it is important to select mineral rich,

rural areas to raise cattle rather than easily contaminated, industrial areas. I will

use this source to show the dangers of industrialization on the levels of cow’s

milk within production.

Castro-Gonzalez, Numa Pompilio, et al. “Assessment Risk to Children’s Health Due to

Consumption of Cow’s Milk in Polluted Areas in Puebla and Tlaxcala, Mexico.” Food
 Additives & Contaminants: Part B: Surveillance Communications, vol. 10, no. 3, Sept.

2017, pp. 200–207. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1080/19393210.2017.1316320.

Castro-Gonzalez et al. state, in their writing “Assessment Risk to Children’s

Health Due to Consumption of Cow’s Milk in Polluted Areas in Puebla and

Tlaxcala, Mexico,” that the consumption of milk containing heavy metals poses a

significant health risk to children. They argue that “between boys and girls, no

difference is found” and consumption of these heavy metals can lead to health

issues such as cancer and kidney damage (Castro-Gonzalez et al., “Assessment

Risk” 203). They also state that in order to prevent diseases and health issues,

there should be increased monitoring of milk supplies and more research done

on the true effects of high heavy metal consumption. I will use this interesting

article to argue that heavy metal amounts within dairy are a hazard to children

and the general public and more should be done to prevent it and lower the

amounts of heavy metals.

Castro-González, Numa Pompilio, et al. “Heavy Metals in Cow’s Milk and Cheese Produced in

Areas Irrigated with Waste Water in Puebla, Mexico.” Food Additives & Contaminants:

Part B: Surveillance Communications, vol. 11, no. 1, Mar. 2018, p. 33. EBSCOhost,

doi:10.1080/19393210.2017.1397060.

In their writing “Heavy Metals in Cow’s Milk and Cheese Produced in Areas

Irrigated with Waste Water in Puebla, Mexico,” Castro-Gonzalez et al. present

findings that conclude milk in areas irrigated with wastewater show high levels

of lead and arsenic contamination. They found that the highest amounts of these
 heavy metals were found in ranchero cheese and milk (Castro-Gonzalez et al.,

“Heavy Metals” 35). Castro-Gonzalez et al. argue that this is especially dangerous

to children as they are more sensitive to absorbing these harmful metals. They

argue that arsenic and lead can “[affect] mental development… [and are

classified] as being carcinogenic metals” (Castro-Gonzalez et al., “Heavy metals…

Mexico” 33). In order to protect the health of children and the general public,

Castro-Gonzalez et al. states that should search for nutritional alternatives for

the cows that don’t involve irrigation of hazardous wastewater. I will use this

source in my essay to argue how harmful heavy metals can be when used

incorrectly and hazardously.

Arianejad, Mohamadreza, et al. “Levels of Some Heavy Metals in Raw Cow’s Milk from Selected

Milk Production Sites in Iran: Is There Any Health Concern?” Health Promotion

Perspectives, no. 3, 2015, p. 176. EBSCOhost, doi:10.15171/hpp.2015.021.

Arianejad et al. argue, in their article “Levels of Some Heavy Metals in Raw Cow’s

Milk from Selected Milk Production Sites in Iran: Is There Any Health

Concern?,” that arsenic contamination is a great risk in milk production. They

found that “due to the air pollution and… contamination of animal feed and

waters,” there is an slowly increasing amount of heavy metal contamination,

particularly the contamination of arsenic (Arianejad et al. 181). Arianejad et. Al

suggest that in order to produce healthier milk, there should be testing and

monitoring of livestock water and feed as well as application of appropriate

storage and containment. I will use this article to show that in order to protect
 the public from the effects of heavy metal contamination in dairy, we must

implement monitoring exercises for milk production and for livestock feed and

water.

Younus, M., et al. “Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Raw Milk for Human

Consumption.” South African Journal of Animal Science, vol. 46, no. 2, Apr. 2016, pp.

166–169. EBSCOhost, doi:10.4314/sajas.v46i2.7.

In the article “Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Raw Milk for Human

Consumption,” M. Yonus et al. present their findings of the amounts of heavy

metals found in raw cow’s milk due to contamination from “various farm inputs,

including feed, fertilizer, water and environment” and the health effects said

metals can have. In their research, they found high amounts of copper, lead, and

chromium within cow’s milk that exceeded the acceptable amounts set by the

International Dairy Federation Standards. Additionally, Yonus et al. found that

there was an increase in the amounts of copper and chromium in the summer,

while there was an increase in the amount of lead in the winter. They argue that

increased amounts of chromium, copper, and lead can lead to many health

issues, such as stomach irritation, kidney disease, lung damage, brain damage,

cancer, liver damage, and nervous system disorders (Yonus et al. 166). I will use

this source to show that the contamination from chemical fertilizers and other

sources cause an increase in heavy metals within cow’s milk and can lead to

serious health concerns.