Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PTQ q4 2016 Designing Storage Tanks PDF
PTQ q4 2016 Designing Storage Tanks PDF
T
he design and maintenance of time of this, the latest edition is the of 200ft in diameter. The variable
atmospheric and low pressure 12th, addendum 2, January 2016. point equation in US units is as
vessels for oil storage is This code can be used for designs follows:
becoming ever more vital as crude where the internal pressure is less 0.463𝐷𝐷 𝐻𝐻×𝐺𝐺 2.6𝐻𝐻×𝐷𝐷×𝐺𝐺
𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 1.06 − + 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
oil storage capacity utilisation rises than or equal to 2.5 psig. These 𝐻𝐻 𝑆𝑆 𝑆𝑆
and oil storage capacity grows tanks have historically been used to
globally. The US Energy house petroleum for use by chemi- Where:
Information Administration shows cal plants and power production H is the design fluid height in feet.
crude oil storage capacity utilisa- facilities, as well as basic and stra- D is the nominal tank diameter in
tion rising steadily. tegic reserves. feet.
A group of dedicated individuals G is the specific gravity of the
Standards for tank design meet on a regular basis to maintain contents.
From the perspective of the casual and update the 650 code. These S is the tank wall material allowa-
observer, these storage tanks just sit sessions typically involve lengthy ble tensile stress for the operating
there doing their job day in, day discussions of various agenda items or test condition.
out. And then in a spark of enlight- that are important to the refinement CA is the corrosion allowance, if
enment, questions start to pop into and development of the code. As any.
the minds of the curious: one would expect, all aspects of the API 650 storage tanks are often
• How thick do the walls and floors code, both analytical and non- designed to work at temperatures
of these structures have to be? analytical, are addressed in the of up to 500ºF (260ºC). For these
• Why are some tanks bolted down meetings. higher temperature designs, the
to the ground and others are not? But getting back to one of the allowable stress of the material
• What internal support structures previous questions, how do we decreases. As a result, the required
are needed if the tank has a fixed decide how thick the wall of the wall thickness increases in a linear
roof? tank should be? The answer can be fashion when using the 1-foot
• What happens to a tank during a found in section 5.6, Shell Design. method and in a slightly non-linear
hurricane or earthquake? In this section, there are two meth- fashion when using the variable
The answers to these questions ods for consideration: point method.
are readily available. They ulti- • 5.6.3 Calculation of Thickness by In addition to causing hoop stress
mately lie in the pages of the the 1-Foot Method and longitudinal stress in the tank
following codes and standards: • 5.6.4 Calculation of Thickness by wall, the slight internal pressure
• American Petroleum Institute the Variable Point Method. causes a tensile force (pressure ×
(API) 650 The 1-foot method computes the area) to be produced. This force
• BS EN 14015:2004 required plate thickness at a pulls upward on the tank wall. This
• API 620. distance of one foot above the positive upward force is countered
Tank design codes reflect the bottom of each shell course and is by the weight of the tank and roof
culmination of decades of work by applicable to tanks 200ft (61m) and (if not column-supported). If the
many dedicated individuals. Using less in diameter. The basic equation net force is upward in any case or
these standards helps to ensure that in US customary units looks some- condition, the tank must be held
tanks will be able to stand the thing like this: down by anchor bolts.
rigours of the elements and condi- The basic internal pressure case is
tions to which they are subjected. 2.6𝐷𝐷 𝐻𝐻 − 1 𝐺𝐺 just one example. There are several
𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = + 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
𝑆𝑆
other uplift formulas in Tables
API 650 The variable point method is an 5.21a (metric) and 5.21b (imperial),
The API 650 code is entitled Welded alternative to the 1-foot method which must also be considered.
Steel Tanks for Oil Storage. At the and can be used for tanks in excess The net uplift due to design
Material databases
Tank has many databases integral
to the package, which make it easy
to select standard data for accurate
analysis. A number of US and
international structural steel data-
bases are provided. Tank is
delivered with many material data-
bases to choose from. Of course, the
selections include those from the Figure 2 Tank input panel
latest API 650 and 620 standards.
Tank design
The following describes how
Intergraph Tank works for tank
design.
Figure 1 shows the main Tank
design window. From here, an
engineer can select options and
input the design data for a tank.
Once sufficient information is
submitted, the interactive 3D model
is created and displayed.
Clicking on the icons in the Input
panel (see Figure 2) switches the
data input and allows information
regarding the roof, seismic loads,
grillage, external pressure and so
on to be inputted. On some sections
of the input there are tabs.
Complete the data on each tab as
necessary.
Figure 3 Tank output report
Tank analysis
After all of the tank data is submit- analyse the data and produce the output report is shown in Figure 3.
ted, press the Analyze button or output reports, which contain the Notice that the output contains
F12 and TANK will error check, results of the analysis. A typical tables and code formulas with
Conclusion
In this article, we have briefly
discussed three different tank
design codes, reviewed some basic
equations for internal pressure
design and done a little comparison
and contrast.
Tank design is complex and can
be confusing. Intergraph Tank
helps engineers perform tank
design easily and accurately to
improve safety.
Figure 4 PDF record of a tank design Scott Mayeux is a Mechanical and Software
Engineer with Intergraph, with 28 years of
variable substitutions. This helps the PDF. You specifically need the experience in the software and oil and gas
industries. He is also an American Society of
users to verify the software’s results Adobe Reader DC to interact with
Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Code committee
and figure out where all the the 3D model. Non-Adobe PDF
member who serves on the Sub Group Heat
numbers come from. readers do have the ability to render Transfer Equipment (SGHTE).
A PDF document can quickly be and manipulate the 3D model. Jana Miller is an Engineering Solutions
generated for records. Tank version The 3D PDF of the tank (see Marketing Analyst with Intergraph, based in
2015 and later can encapsulate and Figure 4) is available from the Houston, Texas, and with 13 years of experience
embed the 3D model directly into output report. A review of the anal- in the process software industry.