CLASS XI IUPAC RULES & PRACTICE SHEET

Dear Students,

IUPAC nomenclature is the most important part of organic

chemistry. If you know nomenclature, organic chemistry
becomes very easy. So, check out the rules and then try to
the examples given in the following practice sheet. There are
as many as 149! examples given in the practice sheet. The
answers are given at the end of practice sheet.

Your journey to IUPAC nomenclature begins here!

IUPAC RULES
1. Longest Chain Rule:
• Select the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms as the parent chain.
• If some carbon-carbon multiple bond is present, the parent chain must include it.
• If two equally long chains are possible, the chain with maximum number of side
chains is selected as parent chain.
2. Lowest Number Rule: The number which indicates the position of the alkyl group in the
parent chain is also called locant. The numbering is done such that, the substituted carbon
atoms have lowest possible number.
3. Lowest Set of Locant Rule:
• If two or more different sets of locants containing same number of terms are
possible, then the two sets of locants (each one in order of increasing magnitude)
are compared term by term. The set of locants which contains the lowest number on
the occasion of first difference, is considered correct for numbering the carbon
atoms of parent chain.

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 CLASS XI IUPAC RULES & PRACTICE SHEET
• In case of unsaturated hydrocarbons, the carbon atom involved in the multiple
bond should get the lowest possible number.
4. Alphabetical arrangement of prefixes: If there are different alkyl substituents, their names
are written in alphabetical order. However, the numerical prefixes such as di, tri etc. are not
considered for the alphabetical order.
5. Naming of different alkyl substituents at equivalent positions: If two different alkyl
groups are located at equivalent positions, then numbering is done in such a way that, the
alkyl group alphabetically first gets the lower number.
6. Naming of the complex alkyl substituent:
• If the alkyl substituent is further branched, it is called substituted alkyl group.
• The carbon atoms of the alkyl group are separately numbered such that, the carbon
atom directly attached to the parent chain is given number 1.
• The prefix/name of such a substituent is enclosed in brackets.
• While writing the name of the substituted alkyl group, the first letter of the
complete name of the substituted alkyl group is considered.
• If same complex substituent occurs more than once, the prefixes such as bis (for
two), tris (for three), tetrakis (for four) & pentakis (for five) are used and are written
before the bracket starts.
• The name of the substituted alkyl group is enclosed in parenthesis.
7. While naming the compounds containing functional groups, it may be noted that..
• The terminal ‘e’ of the primary suffix is removed if the secondary suffix is followed
by ‘a’, ‘i’ , ‘o’ , ‘u’ or ‘y’.
• -NO2, -OR, -X (halo group) are considered as substituents and are indicated as
prefixes.
• Groups like –CHO, -CO-, -COOH, -COCl, -CONH2, -COOR, -CN & -OH are
considered as functional groups & are indicated by secondary suffix.
• The parent chain must include the carbon atom involved in the functional groups
like –COOH, -CHO etc. and their carbon atom must get the lowest number.
8. If the compound contains more than one functional similar functional groups, than in
addition to various rules, the numerical prefixes such as di (for two), tri (for three) are
added before the secondary suffix which indicates the functional group. While adding such
words, the vowel ‘e’ of the primary suffix is retained. Eg: Butane-1,2,3-triol.
9. If an unbranched carbon chain is linked directly to more than two carboxyl groups, these
groups are named by substitutive use of suffix ‘-tricarboxylic acid’ etc. The principal chain
should be linked directly to the maximum possible number of carboxyl groups. The
carboxyl groups which are not directly linked to the principal chain are expressed by
‘carboxyalkyl’ prefix. Eg: 3-(carboxymethyl)hexane-1,2,5-tricarboxylic acid. Similarly the
substitutive prefixes for aldehydes, cyanides, acylchlorides & amides are respectively
carbaldehyde, chlorocarbonyl, carbonitrile & carboxamide.

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 CLASS XI IUPAC RULES & PRACTICE SHEET
10. If the molecule contains more than one dissimilar functional groups, the parent chain must
contain maximum possible number of functional groups. The numbering of parent chain
should be done such that the functional group having higher priority gets the lowest
number.
11. Priority series: Carboxylic acids > acid anhydrides > esters > acid chlorides > amides >
nitriles, isocyanides > aldehydes > ketones > alcohols > amines > alkenes, alkynes > halo,
nitro, alkoxy, alkyl.
12. The functional group (according to the above priority series) which gets the lowest number
(higher priority) is indicated by the secondary suffix and the rest are considered as
substituents and are indicated by prefix. Eg: -OH by hydorxy, -CN by cyano, -NC by
isocyano, -CHO by formyl or oxo, -COOH by carboxy, -COOR by carbalkoxy, -COCl by
chloroformyl, -NH2 by amino, >CO by keto or oxo.
13. If two groups of same preference appear at identical positions from the either end of the
chain, then the groups whose prefix comes first in the alphabetical order gets the lower
number. Eg: 1-bromo-5-iodopentane.
14. If the compound is cyclic, the prefix ‘cyclo’ is used before the word root. The numbering is
done in such a way that the least possible number is assigned to the functional group or
substituent in accordance with the rules already discussed. Eg: 3-methylcyclohexanol, eg:
1-methyl-3-nitrocyclohexene, eg: 3-hydroxycyclohexanone.

15. Nomenclature of substituted benzene compounds:

• The carbon atoms of benzene are numbered from 1-6. The benzene ring is called the
nucleus and alkyl groups attached to the ring are called side chains.
• Benzene can form three di-substituted derivatives namely 1, 2 (ortho ‘o-’), 1, 4 (para
‘p-’), 1, 3 (meta ‘m-’).
• Tri & poly substituted derivatives are named by numbering the chain in such a way
that parent group gets the lowest number and the lowest locant rule is obeyed.
• C6H6 is benzene while C6H5- is phenyl group.

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 CLASS XI IUPAC RULES & PRACTICE SHEET

IUPAC PRACTICE SHEET

Write the IUPAC names of the following: (FIND ANSWERS AT THE END!)

1. C2 H5

H2C CH CH CH
CH3 CH2
OHC

2. H3C CH CH2 OH

3. C2 H5 O

H3C CH2 CH C O CH3

4. H3C CH CH C OH
O

5. OCH3

H3C CH C CH3

6. O

H2C C C OC2H5

CH3

7. CH3
H3C CH CH CH2NH2
CH3

8. C2H5 CH3

H3C C CH CH CH3
O

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 CLASS XI IUPAC RULES & PRACTICE SHEET
9. O

H3C CH CH2 C Br
CH3

10. CH3 CH3 I

H3C C CH CH

CH3 H3C CH2

11. Cl CH3 CH3

CH2 CH CH C CH3
H3C OH

12.
CH CHO
CH3

13. CH3

H3C C CH CH3
O

14. Cl CH3 CH3

H3C CH2 CH CH C CH3

OH

15. CH3

H3C C CH CH3
O

16. O
H3C C

H3C C
O

17.
CH2 CHO

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 CLASS XI IUPAC RULES & PRACTICE SHEET
18. H3C CH CH2 Cl

CH3

19. O CH3
O C HC
CH3

20. CH3

H3C CH CH COOH

CH3

21. CH3
H3C C CH3

CHO

22. OH
C CH2 CH3
CH3

23. CH3

H3C CH2 CH CONH2

24. CH3

H3C CH CH NH2

CH3

25. CH3

H3C CH2 CH COOC2H5

26. O CH3

H3C CH C CH CH3
CH3

27. CH2CH3 CH2CH3

H3C C CH2 C CH3

CH3 CH3

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 CLASS XI IUPAC RULES & PRACTICE SHEET
28. CH3

C OH
H3C
H3C

29. O

H3C C C C CH2 CH3

30. H3C CH2 CH CH

H3C CH2 CH CH

31. C2H5

H3C CH CH CH CH CH3
CH3

32. H3C CH CHO

OCH3

33. H2C C COOCH3

CH3

34. HO CH COOH

HO CH COOH

35. O

H3C CH C COOH

CH3

36. NC CH2 CH2 COOH

37. CH2 COOH

HO C COOH

CH2 COOH

38. O
H3C C CH CH2 C

COOC2H5 OH

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 CLASS XI IUPAC RULES & PRACTICE SHEET
39. O O

H3C CH C C NH Br
CH3

40. Cl CH2 C CH CH2OH

CH3

41. O

Br CH2 CH C CH2 CH3

CONH2

42.

(H3C)3C CH2 CH2 Cl

43. OH OH

H3C CH CH CH CHO
CH3

44. CH3

H3C C CH CH2 CH2Cl

O

45. O

H3C CH CH2 C CH3

OH

46. Br OH

H3C CH CH CH CH3
Cl

47. Br Cl

H3C CH2 C CH CH2

OH Cl

48. C2H5

H3C C CH CH2 CH2 Cl

O

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 CLASS XI IUPAC RULES & PRACTICE SHEET
49. HC C CH2 CH2 CH CHO
Cl

50. H
H3C C C
O O

51. O CH3

H3C CH C CH OCH3

CH3

52. H2C C CH2 CH2 OH

CH3

53. OH
CH CH C
O

54. O CH3

H3C CH C CH OCH2CH3
OCH3

55. CH2 CH CH2

HO OH OH

56. O

OH

OCH3

57. CH3
O
C CH3
O

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 CLASS XI IUPAC RULES & PRACTICE SHEET
58. Br Br

H3C CH2 CH C CH2Cl

CH3

59. NH2
NO 2

NO 2

60. H3C OCH3

CH C CHO
H3C CH3

61. H3C CH COOH

CH2
OHC

62. O

H3C C C OCH2CH3
O

63. O

H3C C C CH2 OCH3

O

64. Cl O
H3C CH2 N C
H

65. O
C OH
H O

66.

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 CLASS XI IUPAC RULES & PRACTICE SHEET
67.

68. OH

69. OH

CH3

70. NO 2

CH3

71. CH3

CH2CH3

72. H3C CH CH CH2

73. O

OH

74. CH3

CH3

75.

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 CLASS XI IUPAC RULES & PRACTICE SHEET
76.

77.

78. OH

79.

80.

81.
OH

82. Br

83. CHO
CH3

84.

85. Me Me
Me Me

86. Et

87. COOH

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 CLASS XI IUPAC RULES & PRACTICE SHEET
88. OH

89. OH
CHO

90. CH3
H3C O

91. Cl

Br

92. H3C CHO

93.
OH

94.

95. O

Cl

96. O

H3CO

97.

O OCH3

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 CLASS XI IUPAC RULES & PRACTICE SHEET
98.

99. Me
H OH
HO H
Me

100.

101. Me
HO H
H

102. Et

Me COOH

103. O

104.
N

105.

106.
CHO

107.

108.

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 CLASS XI IUPAC RULES & PRACTICE SHEET
109.

110.

111.

112. CH3

113. CH3
CH3

114. CH3

CH3

115. H3C

CH3

116. CH2
HC

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 CLASS XI IUPAC RULES & PRACTICE SHEET
117. CH3

H3C CH3

118. CH3

Cl

119. Cl

Cl

120. CH2Cl

121. H2C CH2 CH2 Cl

122. HC CH CH2 Cl

123. OH

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 CLASS XI IUPAC RULES & PRACTICE SHEET
124. OH
OH

125. OH

OH

126. OH

OH

127. CH2OH

128. CH2CH2OH

129. CHO

130. CH2CHO

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 CLASS XI IUPAC RULES & PRACTICE SHEET
131. COOH

132. COOH
OH

133. CH2COOH

134. CH2COOH
OH

135. COOH
COOH

136. COOH

COOH

137. COOH

COOH

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 CLASS XI IUPAC RULES & PRACTICE SHEET
138. COOH
OH

139. COOH
CH3

140. COCl

141. CONH2

142. CONH2

CONH2

143. O
C
NH
C
O

144. O O
C O C

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 CLASS XI IUPAC RULES & PRACTICE SHEET
145. O
C
O
C
O

146. COOCH3

147. NH2

148. HN CH3

149. H3C N CH3

ANSWERS!!!
1. 5-ethylhept-3-enal
2. 2-phenylpropan-1-ol
3. methyl 2-ethylbutanoate
4. but-2-enoic acid
5. 2-methoxybut-2-ene
6. ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate
7. 2,3-dimethylbutan-1-amine
8. 3-ethyl-4-methylpentan-2-one
9. 3-methylbutanoyl bromide
10. 4-iodo-2,2,3-trimethylhexane
11. 4-chloro-2,3-dimethylhexan-2-ol
12. 2-phenylpropanal
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 CLASS XI IUPAC RULES & PRACTICE SHEET
13. 3-methylbutan-2-one
14. 4-chloro-2,3-dimethylhexan-2-ol
15. 3-methylbutan-2-one
16. Ethanoic anhydride
17. Phenylethanal
18. 1-chloro-2-methylprop ane
19. phenyl 2-methylpropanoate
20. 2,3-dimethylbutanoic acid
21. 2,2-dimethylpropanal
22. 2-phenylbutan-2-ol
23. 2-methylbutanamide
24. 3-methylbutan-2-amine
25. ethyl 2-methylbutanoate
26. 2,4-dimethylpentan-3-one
27. 3,3,5,5-tetramethylheptane
28. 3-ethylpentan-3-ol
29. hex-4-yn-3-one
30. octa-3,5-diene
31. 4-ethyl-5-methylhex-2-ene
32. 2-methoxypropanal
33. methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate
34. 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
35. 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid
36. 3-cyanopropanoic acid
37. 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
38. 5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopent-3-enoic acid
39. N-bromo-3-methyl-2-oxobutanamide
40. 4-chloro-3-methylbut-2-en-1-ol
41. 2-(bromomethyl)-3-oxopentanamide
42. 1-chloro-3,3-dimethylbutane
43. 2,3-dihydroxy-4-methylpentanal
44. 5-chloro-3-methylpentan-2-one
45. 4-hydroxypentan-2-one
46. 3-bromo-4-chloropentan-2-ol
47. 3-bromo-1,2-dichloropentan-3-ol
48. 5-chloro-3-ethylpentan-2-one
49. 2-chlorohex-5-ynal
50. 2-oxopropanal
51. 2-methoxy-4-methylpentan-3-one
52. 3-methylbut-3-en-1-ol
53. 3-phenylprop-2-enoic acid
54. 2-ethoxy-4-methoxypentan-3-one
55. propane-1,2,3-triol
56. 2-methoxybenzoic acid
57. phenyl 2-methylpropanoate

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 CLASS XI IUPAC RULES & PRACTICE SHEET
58. 2,3-dibromo-1-chloro-2-methylpentane
59. 2,4-dinitroaniline
60. 2-methoxy-2,3-dimethylbutanal
61. 2-methyl-4-oxobutanoic acid
62. ethyl 2-oxopropanoate
63. 1-methoxybutane-2,3-dione
64. N-chloro-N-ethylmethanamide
65. oxoethanoic acid
66. Cyclohexane
67. Cyclopentane
68. Cyclohexanol
69. 3-methylcyclohexanol
70. 1-methyl-3-nitrocyclohexene
71. 1-ethyl-2-methylcyclobutene
72. but-3-en-2-ylcyclopentane
73. 3-hydroxycyclohexanone
74. 1,5-dimethylcyclopentene
75. buta-1,3-diene
76. 4-methylpenta-1,3-diene
77. hexa-1,3,5-triene
78. pent-1-en-3-ol
79. 3-ethyl-4-methylpenta-1,3-diene
80. 6-ethyl-1-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene
81. 2,6-dimethylhepta-2,5-dienoic acid
82. 2-bromopentan-3-one
83. 3-methylpent-4-enal
84. 2-ethenyl-3-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene
85. 5,6-diethyldec-4-ene
86. 1-ethylcyclohexene
87. 5-methylcyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid
88. cyclohex-3-en-1-ol
89. 2-hydroxycyclopentanecarbaldehyde
90. 2,3-dimethylcyclohexanone
91. 1-bromo-2-chlorocyclobutene
92. 2-cyclobutylpropanal
93. 4-cyclopropylpentan-2-ol
94. 4-ethenyl-5-ethyloctane
95. 2-methylpropanoyl chloride
96. methyl propanoate
97. methyl 2-ethylbutanoate
98. 5-ethyl-4,6-dimethyloct-1-ene
99. butane-2,3-diol
100. 5,6-diethyl-8-methyldec-4-ene
101. 3-methylcyclopentanol
102. 7-ethyl-6-methylundec-6-enoic acid

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 CLASS XI IUPAC RULES & PRACTICE SHEET
103. ethyl propanoate
104. N-ethyl-N-methylpropan-1-amine
105. hex-3-yne
106. 3-ethyl-4-methylpentanal
107. benzene
108. naphthalene
109. anthracene
110. Phenanthrene
111. Diphenyl
112. Methylbenzene (Toluene)
113. 1,2-dimethylbenzene (o-Xylene)
114. 1,3-dimethylbenzene (m-Xylene)
115. 1,4-dimethylbenzene (p-Xylene)
116. Ethenylbenzene (vinyl benzene or styrene)
117. 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene
118. 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene
119. 1,4-dichlorobenzene
120. Phenyl chloromethane
121. 1-chloro-3-phenylpropane
122. 3-chloro-1-phenylprop-1-ene
123. phenol
124. benzene-1,2-diol (Catechol)
125. benzene-1,3-diol (Resorcinol)
126. benzene-1,4-diol (p-quinol or hydroquinone)
127. Phenylmethanol
128. 2-phenylethanol
129. Benzaldehyde
130. Phenylacetaldehyde
131. benzoic acid
132. 2-hydroxybenzoic acid
133. phenylethanoic acid
134. (2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid
135. benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid (phthalic acid)
136. benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (isophthalic acid)
137. benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (terephthalic acid)
138. 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (o-salicylic acid)
139. 2-methylbenzoic acid (o-toluic acid)
140. benzoyl chloride
141. Benzamide
142. benzene-1,2-dicarboxamide (phthalamide)
143. Phthalimide
144. benzoic anhydride
145. Phthalic anhydride
146. methyl benzoate
147. Aniline

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 CLASS XI IUPAC RULES & PRACTICE SHEET
148. N-methylaniline
149. N,N-dimethylaniline

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