THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON:

LOWER EXTREMITY

DO YOU SEE SOME ANALOGS

BETWEEN THE UPPER AND
LOWER EXTREMITIES?

RECOGNIZING THESE CAN BE

HELPFUL MEMORY AIDS!
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 THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON:

LOWER EXTREMITY

THE PELVIC GIRDLE: TWO HIP

BONES OR OS COXAE

*BONY PELVIS: TWO OS COXAE,

THE SACRUM AND THE COCCYX

*REFERENCED FROM GRAY’S

ANATOMY, 38TH ed.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

 THE ARTICULATED LOWER EXTREMITY

• PELVIC GIRDLE
• FEMUR
• PATELLA (AT THE KNEE)
• TIBIA & FIBULA
• TARSALS, METATARSALS AND
PHALANGES (FORMING THE FOOT)

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

 THE PELVIC (HIP) GIRDLE
“BONY PELVIS” = 2 HIP BONES, SACRUM, COCCYX

(VS. “PELVIC GIRDLE” = 2 HIP BONES)

Figure 7.30 Pelvis.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
 OS COXA
(HIP BONE)

3 FUSED
REGIONS:
• ILIUM
• ISCHIUM
• PUBIS

Figure 7.31a The hip (coxal) bones.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
 OS COXA
(HIP BONE)

ILIUM

Figure 7.31a The hip (coxal) bones.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
 OS COXA
(HIP BONE)

ISCHIUM

Figure 7.31a The hip (coxal) bones.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
 OS COXA
(HIP BONE)

PUBIS

Superior pubic
ramus

Figure 7.31a The hip (coxal) bones.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Anterior
gluteal line Ilium

Posterior Anterior superior

gluteal line iliac spine

Posterior Anterior inferior

superior iliac spine
iliac spine
Inferior gluteal
Posterior line
inferior Acetabulum
iliac spine
Greater
sciatic notch
Ischial body
Pubic body
Ischial spine
Lesser Pubic tubercle
sciatic notch
Ischium Inferior pubic
Ischial ramus
tuberosity
Ischial ramus Obturator
foramen
Lateral view, right hip bone
Figure 7.31c The hip (coxal) bones.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
 THE “OF THE… ” LAB RULE!

SPINE OF THE… SPINE OF THE…

ISCHIUM SCAPULA
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Ilium

Iliac crest
Iliac
fossa
Anterior Posterior
superior superior
iliac spine iliac spine
Posterior
Anterior inferior inferior
iliac spine Body of iliac spine
Arcuate the ilium Auricular
line surface
Superior pubic Greater sciatic notch
ramus Ischial spine
Pubic tubercle
Lesser sciatic notch
Obturator
foramen
Articular surface of
pubis (at pubic Ischium
symphysis)
Ischial ramus
Inferior pubic
ramus Medial view, right hip bone
Figure 7.31b The hip (coxal) bones.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
 COMPARISON OF MALE V. FEMALE PELVES

Table 7.4 Comparison of the Male and Female Pelves (1 of 3)

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
 THE ARTICULATED LOWER
EXTREMITY
CONSISTS OF:
• THIGH
FEMUR
• KNEECAP
PATELLA
• LEG
TIBIA AND FIBULA
• ANKLE AND FOOT
TARSALS, METATARSALS,
PHALANGES

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

 FEMUR
(THE THIGH)

Figure 7.32a–b Bones of the right knee and thigh.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
 PATELLA
(THE KNEECAP)

• PART OF THE
KNEE JOINT
Facet for lateral
condyle of femur

Figure 7.32a–b Bones of the right knee and thigh.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
TIBIA AND FIBULA
(THE LEG)

Figs 7.33a and b The tibia and fibula of the right leg.
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TIBIA AND FIBULA
(THE LEG)

Figs 7.33a and b The tibia and fibula of the right leg.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
 TARSALS,
METATARSALS, &
PHALANGES
(ANKLE & FOOT)

Figure 7.34a Bones of the right foot.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Talus Medial
malleolar
Intermediate Navicular facet
cuneiform Sustentac-
ulum tali
First metatarsal (talar shelf)

Medial Calcaneus
cuneiform
Calcaneal
Medial view tuberosity

Figure 7.34b Bones of the right foot.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
 IN THE NAME OF FASHION!

WEIGHT

http://www.pinterest.com/pin/237283474091051687/
 Lateral Navicular Intermediate cuneiform
malleolar facet
Lateral cuneiform

Talus

Calcaneus Cuboid Fifth metatarsal

Lateral view

Figure 7.34c Bones of the right foot.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
 END OF WEEK 1!!!

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