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Shambavi PDF
Shambavi PDF
SNEH ANAND
Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi,
Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
E-mail: sneha@cbme.iitd.ernet.in
Abstract: An effort was made to analyze the cerebral electrical activity of nine
experienced Isha Yoga practitioners by means of EEG recordings. The EEG data
was recorded before and after Shambhavi Maha Mudra practice in Isha Yoga, which
is considered to be an antidote to stress. A complete spectral and statistical
analysis was done on the data collected to analyze the changes in delta, theta,
alpha and beta rhythms. The analysis of the mean relative band power of the data
collected after the practice showed a high increase in the delta band power [p<0.05
for F4 & F8] accompanied by an increase in theta band power. There was also a
marked decrease in beta band power [p<0.05 for O2, C3 & T3] almost throughout
the entire hemisphere and a slight decrease in alpha band power in fronto-parietal
and midline brain regions. Furthermore, an increase in coherence between the left
and right hemisphere was observed accompanied by a high increase in slow-wave
progression [(Delta+Theta)/Alpha] in most of the brain regions. The results clearly
show a higher level of mental and lower level of physical consciousness
experienced in Shambhavi Maha Mudra Practice in Isha Yoga.
Indexing terms: EEG, Band Power, Coherence, Slow-wave Progression,
Shambhavi Maha Mudra, Isha Yoga, Consciousness
positions on the scalp (FP2, F4, C4, P4, O2, F8, T4, 0.1
T6, FP1, F3, C3, P3, O1, F7, T3, T5, FZ, CZ, PZ)
according to the International 10-20 system of 0.05
(b) BASELINE 2
DELTA THETA ALPHA BETA
Fp1 Fp2
0.3
F7 F3 F4 F8
FZ
Mean Relative Band Power
0.25
T3 C3 CZ C4 T4 0.2
P3 PZ P4 0.15
T5 T6
O1 O2 0.1
0.05
Fig 1 Electrode montage
0
FP2 F4 C4 P4 O2 F8 T4 T6 FP1 F3 C3 P3 O1 F7 T3 T5 FZ CZ PZ
Electrodes
All recordings were done in similar conditions on
various days using Comet XL EEG – A Grass Fig 2 Mean relative band powers (a) before and (b)
after the practice
Telefactor System with AS40 Amplifier system
and Windows® based TWin® 3.5a EEG Record
Topographic head maps showing the distribution COHERENCE - BASELINE 2 vs BASELINE 1
0.9 0.9
0.2
0.8 0.8
0.7 0.7
0
DELTA 0.6
THETA DELTA 0.6
THETA
0.4 0.4
FP2-FP1 F4-F3 C4-C3 P4-P3 O2-O1 F8-F7 T4-T3 T6-T5
Electrode-Pairs
0.3 0.3
0.2 0.2 Fig 5 Change in coherence values before and after the
0.1 0.1 practice [*p<0.05, **p<0.005, ***p<0.0002]
ALPHA 0 BETA ALPHA 0 BETA
Fig 3 Topographic head maps (a) before and (b) after Change in (DELTA+THETA)/ALPHA Ratio
the practice 1
BASELINE 1
(Delta+Theta)/Alpha Mean Band Power Ratio 0.9 BASELINE 2
0.8
For comparing the actual changes in various
rhythms between the stages, the percentage change
0.7
0.4
0.3
BASELINE 2 vs BASELINE 1
DELTA THETA ALPHA BETA 0.2
120
Percent Change in Mean Relative Band Power
0.1
100
0
FP2 F4 C4 P4 O2 F8 T4 T6 FP1 F3 C3 P3 O1 F7 T3 T5 FZ CZ PZ
80
Electrodes
60
Fig 6 Change in (Delta+Theta)/Alpha mean band
40 power ratio before and after the practice
20
Jayashree Santhosh completed She has added many clinical applications for
her BTech in Electrical research and clinical service. These include Long-
Engineering from University of term monitoring for epilepsy patients, sleep study
Kerala, MTech in Computer & (overnight polysomnography), magnetic stimulation
Information Sciences from and quantitative sensory evaluation. In addition,
Cochin University of Science and she is the Principal Investigator for many projects
Technology, Kerala and PhD on sleep studies and magnetic stimulation. She is
from IIT Delhi. Presently she is a on the editorial board of International journals and
faculty with the Computer Centre, Indian Institute has many publications in National and International
of Technology Delhi. journals on topics related to peripheral and central
neurophysiology.
She has been associated with teaching and
various projects with Centre for Bio-Medical
Engineering and Department of Biotechnology at
Nandeeshwara S.B. has done
IIT Delhi and many Continuing Education
MBBS from Mysore Medical
programmes in the area of Information Technology
College, Karnataka. He is now
conducted by IIT Delhi. Her research interest
working as a Senior Research
focuses on Technology Applications in Healthcare
Officer in the Dept. of Clinical
and is presently working on a project with the
Neurophysiology at Sir Ganga
Ministry of Social Justice for development of
Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar,
technological interfaces for rehabilitation. She
New Delhi.
received IETE’s Gowri Memorial Award in 2002-
2003 and IIT-D Alumni Award for Best Technology His research interests are in the field of clinical
in 2006. She is fellow member IETE, IAMI and neurology, genetics and oncology.
member and present finance secretary for ISB.