EXPERIMENT

AIM: TO DRAW THE HEAT BALANCE SHEET OF KIRLOSKAR AV-2 TYPE

DIESEL ENGINE
SPECIFICATIONS: KIRLOSKAR AV-2 TYPE DIESEL ENGINE, 10HP, 4
STROKE VERTICAL, WATER COOLED WITH DC DYNAMOMETER.
Bore=80mm , Stroke=110mm, RPM=1500, Swept volume= cc/cyl
WORKING THEORY:
The engine is supplied with a certain quantity of energy in fuel form.
Only a fraction of this energy is converted into useful mechanical work
which is available at the engine crankshaft and the remainder is lost.
The non useful energy leaving the system should be small as possible. It
is the purpose of energy balance to trace the energy distribution ie. To
determine the how the energy input is distributed, where the energy
leaves and how much of during a test it is revealed that a certain form
of energy loss is extensive then a careful examination of that form is
needed.
1- Energy from fuel= mf * LCV kcal/min
𝐵𝐻𝑃∗4500
2- Heat equivalent of useful work= kcal/min
427
3- Heat lost to cooling water = mw*cw*Bt kcal/min
4- Heat carried away by the exhaust gases= mgcg(tg-ta) kcal/m
5- Unaccounted and radiation loss= 1-(2+3+4) Kcal/min

PROCEDURE:
1- Commence the engone after having entirely lubricated and permit
it to achieve steady state condition.
2- Get ammeter and voltmeter reading.
 3- Take the time required for using up a particular quantity oil and
take temp of outlet water and reading of torque.
4- Take temperature of outlet water and the reading for torque. For
1st set of reading.
A- Theoritical air intake.

𝜋∗𝐷2∗𝐿∗𝑁
For single cyl. Vol/sec= N= 1500 rpm
4∗60∗2
=6.912*103 m3/s
For the 2 cylinder V=0.01382 m3/s
When nv=0.8 we have ,Actual volume= 0.011059 m3/s
Mass of air/min= 0.011059*1.2*60=80 Kg/min

Da of piston, DM=80/1000=0.08m
Stroke, Lm=0.11m
Speed,N=1500 rpm
For a single cylinder
𝜋∗𝐷𝑚∗𝐿𝑚∗𝑁
Vol affair/sec= =6.912*10-3 m3/s
4∗2∗60

For the 2 cylinder V=0.01382 m3/s

Assuming nv=80%
Actual volume=0.8*0.01382= 0.011059 m3/s

Density of air at M 0C=112 Kg/m3

Mass of air/min =0.01157*1.2*60=0.0796 Kg/mm
a- Input HP of generator =output of engine.
Generator load ,W=3.4 kgf N=2.25 HP
 𝑊∗𝑁
BHP= =2.25 HP
2000

𝐵𝐻𝑃∗4500
Work output in Kcal/min= =26.37 Kcal/min
427
𝑈∗𝐼 195∗5
b- Generator output= = = 1.325 𝐻𝑃
75∗9.81 75∗9.81
c- Total fuel consumption:
Time for 10Ck of Fuel Consumption, tp=29 sec
Fuel consumption 1 min=(10*60)/29=20.689 CC/min
d- Heat input in Cal/min=TFC*cal. Value
=0.01712*10853=185.47 Kcal/min
𝑂
𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑃 ∗100
% of work output= = (26.98*100)/185.47=14.49%
𝐻.𝐼
B- Input H.P of generator.
W=4.2 kgf , N=1500 rpm
4.2∗1500
BHP= = 3.15 𝐻𝑃
2000
3.15∗4500
Work output= =33.197 Kcal/min
427
𝑈∗𝑇
C- Generator output = = 2.35 𝐻𝑃
736
D- T.F.C= time for 10 cc consumption of fuel= 25 sec
10∗60 𝐶𝐶
TFC/min= = 24
25 𝑀𝑖𝑛
Or TFC/kg/min=(24*0.8275)/1000=0.01980 Kg/min
E- Heat input =0.01980*10833=215.143 Kcal/min
% of work O/P= (33.197*100)/215.143=15.93%
F- Heat carried away by cooling water : For 20lb of HzO
Time=133 sec
Cooling water/min=(20*60)/133=9.0667 kg/min
Heat carried/min=9.067*1*(31-17)=126.971 Kcal/min
126.971∗10
% loss to cooling water = = 58.99%
215.143
G- Heat carried away by exhaust gases=
 Mass of gases /min- M air+M fuel=0.8+0.01986=0.81986 kg/min

Heat carried away by exhaust gases=0.81986*0.24*(80-n)=13.4

kcal/min
H- Heat carried away unaccounted heat losses=215.147-
(33.197+126.94+13.38)=41.63 Kcal/min

41.63∗100
% of unaccounted losses= =19.35%
215.147

For 2nd set of readings:-

A- Theoretical air intake.
Heat carried away by cooling water
Time taken for 20liter of water =120sec
20∗60 𝑘𝑔
Cooling water of min= = 7.06
170 𝑚𝑖𝑛
Heat carried away/min=7.06*1*(T2-T1)=7.06*(29-17)=84.72 Kcal/Min
% of cooling water loss(in heat)
=(84.72*100)/185.46=45.6%
B- Heat carried exhaust gases:
Mass of exhaust gases/min=mass of air/min+mass of fuel/min
ME=0.8+0.01712=0.81712 Kg/min
Heat carried by exhaust gases= Me(Te-Tr)
=0.81712*0.24*(70-17)
=10.394 Kcal/min
ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠∗100
% of exhaust heat loss= = 10.394*100
ℎ