ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AGAINST

HUMAN PATHOGENS
Asha Dhedia*, Jigisha Halpati, Ankita Patel , Janki Ruparelia, Karan Yagnik and Chaitanya kumar Jha
P.G. Center of Microbiology Department, Gujarat Arts and Science College, Ellisbridge Ahmedabad- 380006 Gujarat, India.
E-mail: ashadhedia@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
 A range of diseases are caused by variety of pathogenic bacteria. Food poisoning and
RESULTS
2 4 2 3 2 4
Nosocomial infections are considered as most common cause of illness. Skin 3 4
infections; enteric fever; salmonellosis are common bacterial diseases. Plants can be
used against human pathogens.
 The phytochemical compounds present in the parts of plant were used to test
antimicrobial activity. Crude extract and methanol extract were prepared and
antimicrobial activity was tested by agar well diffusion method on nutrient agar
media. Zone of inhibition was then measured in millimeter (mm) after 24-48 hours of
incubation shows antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against various human 1
pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi. 1 1 3
3 2 1
4
Salmonella typhi Salmonella typhi Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus
INTRODUCTION Neem ( Azadirachta indica ) Panfuti (Bryophyllum pinnatum) Panfuti (Bryophyllum pinnatum) Neem (Azadirachta indica)
 Microbial infections are major health issues in the developed and developing
1-Crude extract 2-Methanol extract 3- Methanol 4-Antibiotic
countries. In recent time, due to the excess use of antibiotic, bacterial resistance to the
available antibiotic has been developed. Comparative analysis of Methanol extract and crude extract against different microorganisms.
 Today, infectious diseases account for one-third of all deaths in the world; the World 30 B.pinnatum Crude extract

Zone of Inhibition (mm)

Health Organization (WHO) estimates that nearly 50,000 people die each day 25
25 B.pinnatum Methanol extract
throughout the world from infectious diseases. 19
20 18 18 A. indica Crude extract
 Plants and herbs are boon to the mankind. Plants are used to cure several diseases in 15
traditional or ayurvedic medicinal field as they are considered safe and effective. 15 14 A. indica Methanol extract
10 11 10 11 10
 Bryophyllum pinnatum; Azadirachta indica; Phyllanthus emblica; Citrus limon; 10 9
Trigonella foenum-graecum; Curcuma caseia; Ocimum tenuiflorum; Zingiber
officinale; Momordica charantia can be used against diverse human pathogens, 5
0 0 0 0
which causes severe infections in humans. 0
Staphylococcus aureus Salmonella typhi Salmonella paratyphi A Salmonella paratyphi B
MATERIALS AND METHODS Human Pathogens

 Medicinal plants: Bryophyllum pinnatum; Azadirachta indica; Phyllanthus Antimicrobial Activity of Medicinal Plants
emblica; Citrus limon; Trigonella foenum-graecum; Curcuma caseia; Ocimum S. aureus S. typhi 3
tenuiflorum; Zingiber officinale; Momordica charantia of bark, leaves, fruits, roots 25 1
Zone of Inhibition (mm)

were collected for the antimicrobial activity. 20

20 18 18
 Preparation of crude extract and methanol extract 16
15 14
 Bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi
10 11 12 10
12
A, Salmonella paratyphi B. 10 9 8 8
 Antimicrobial activity (Balouiri,et. al.,2015) : the antimicrobial activity of plant
extract was carried out using agar well diffusion method. 5
 Phytochemical test (Tiwari,et. al.,2011) : Phytochemical test were carried out for 0 0 0 0 0
0
alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannins, glycosides, Terpenoids and phenols. 2 4
 Standard antibiotic: Streptomycin
Staphylococcus aureus
1-Karela 3-Antibiotic

Medicinal Plants 2-Amla 4-Methi

Collection of
different parts of
Medicinal Plants. Isolation or
Collection of pure Phytochemical Tests :
culture of
microorganisms.

Preparation of crude
extract and methanol
extract.
Preparation of A.indica
methanol solution and M. charantia T. foenum-graecum C.limon C.caseia
standard antibiotic.
Inoculation of pure Alkaloids Flavonoids Tannins Glycosides Terpenoids Phenols
.
culture in sterile
nutrient agar plate B. pinnatum + + + + + -
followed by
preparation of agar- C. caseia + + + + + +
wells by cork borer.
M. charantia + + - + + -

A. indica + + + + + - P. emblica
Pour the extracts and B.pinnatum
antibiotic in the agar- T. foenum- + + + - - +
wells , followed by
refrigerated for graecum
diffusion(for 15-30
minutes) . C. limon - + + - - -

Z. officinale - + + - - -

P. emblica + + + - - +
Incubate the plate at 37°c for
24-48 hours. O. tenuiflorum + + + + + + P. emblica M. charantia
Observe for the antimicrobial
activity(i.e. zone of inhibition
(mm)
CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES
 The crude extract of medicinal plant alone or their combination with A. Akinpelu, David. (2000). Antimicrobial activity of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves.
methanol (60%) is effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Fitoterapia. 71. 193-4. 10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00135-5.
SIGNIFICANCE Salmonella typhi. B. Maragathavalli, S. & Brindha, S. & Kaviyarasi, Sivaraman & Annadurai, Brundha &
 The crude extract of P. emblica, B. pinnatum and A. indica shows the Gangwar, Shishir Kumar. (2012). Antimicrobial activity in leaf extract of neem. I.J.S.N..
 B. pinnatum can be used as a traditional treatment for hypertension, also used for maximum zone of inhibition against the gram-negative bacteria. 3. 110-113.
kidney stone and applied against headache.  Methanol extract of A. indica shows the highest zone of inhibition C. Sharma V, Singh P, Rani A. Antimicrobial activity of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.
 C. caseia used in treating leprosy, wound, impotency, vomiting, asthma, tumor, against Salmonella typhi while the B. pinnatum shows the maximum (Fenugreek). Eur Exp Biol. 2016, 7:1
menstrual disorders, etc. zone of inhibition against the Staphylococcus aureus.
 M. charantia are used to claimed treatment for diabetes, laxative, emetic, respiratory, D. Naik, L. & Shyam, P. & Marx, Paul & Baskari, Srinivas & Devi, C.V.R.. (2015).
Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of Ocimum tenuiflorum leaf
skin disease, ulcer, gout and rheumatism.
 P. emblica and O. tenuiflorum shows the properties to cure disease like common cold, ACKNOWLEDGEMENT extract. International Journal of PharmTech Research. 8. 88-95.
stomach ache, malaria, inflammation and heart disease. We acknowledge to P.G. Center of Microbiology Department, Gujarat Arts
 A. indica can be used as antiviral against vaccines, chikungunya, measles and and Science College for providing space, laboratory instruments and other International Conference at Microbiology Department, Gujarat University on 6th and
coxsackie B viruses facilities. 7th February, 2020.