University of Central Punjab

Assignment on:

Communication Skills
Submitted To:

Prof. Saleem Tahir

Submitted By:

Group-C
Group Detail
Sr.
Names Reg. No
No

1 Taha-Bin-Ashar 21

2 Shoaib Khalid 47

3 Adnan Khalid 89

4 Zohaib Zafar 91
Visual Presentation
visual presentation refers to the expression of ideas about some
matters while using visual aids such as visual multimedia. From
electronic media such as television screens and web pages to
environmental contexts such as retail displays and road signs, visual
communication is virtually everywhere. Visual presentations such as
graphs, tables, charts, and diagrams bring together the verbal and
visual to add another dimension to the information and create a totally
new path towards understanding its meaning.

A presenter can, therefore, use visual interpretation of information to

maximize the effectiveness by making sure that the elements are
presented as clearly as possible. The more complex and detailed the
information is, the more important the information will be. If used well,
visual presentation will support the presentation by strengthening
audience involvement and impact. However, if badly managed, they
can interfere with the presentation. Most visual presentations require
prior preparation and should be operated with a lot of efficiencies. If
you wish to use such presentations in an unfamiliar room, you need to
check the facilities that are there in advance so as to plan your
presentation well. Overall, the visual presentation must focus on the
relevant information.

Advantages of visual presentation:

1. Effective for illiterate receiver:

If the receivers are illiterate, the visual communication will be more

effective to exchange information. They can easily understand the
information that is presented visually.
 2. Helps in oral communication:

Visual techniques can be used with oral communication. Oral

communication becomes more meaningful if graphs, pictures and
diagrams are used with it.

3. Easy explanation:

Everyone can explain the meaning of it very easily. Easy explanation has
made the visual techniques more popular.

4. Simple presentation:

Complex information, data and figures can be easily presented very

simply on graphs, pictures and diagrams.

5. Prevents wastage of time:

Visual techniques help to prevent the wastage of time. Written and oral
communication takes much time to exchange information. But number
of receivers can be communicated at a time through visual methods.

6. Helps in quick decision:

Visual communication helps to take quick decision. So management

prefers visual techniques to communicate with others.

7. Popular:

Visual communication is very much popular because people do not like

much speech and long explanation rather than a chart of a diagram.

8. Others:

Artful presentation, Ads impact to the information, quicker

understanding.
Methods of visual presentation:
To ensure the effectiveness of the presentation, it is important to select
the moot appropriate method. There are many ways in which
information can be presented:

1-Tabulated data

2-Line graphs

3-Bar charts

4-Gantt charts

5-Pie charts

6-Pictograms

7-Maps and diagrams

8-Cartograms

9-Flowcharts

10-Visual planning board

11-Computer graphics

1-Tabulated data
To tabulate information is to organize it into a table. Tabulating is a way of processing
information or data by putting it in a table. This doesn't mean the kind of table you eat off of,
though. It refers to a table, or chart, with rows and columns.
2-Line graphs
A line graph is a graphical display of information that changes continuously over time. A line
graph may also be referred to as a line chart. Within a line graph, there are points connecting
the data to show a continuous change. The lines in a line graph can descend and ascend based
on the data. We can use a line graph to compare different events, situations, and information.

A line graph has two axes. The x-axis of a line graph shows the occurrences and the categories
being compared over time and the y-axis represents the scale, which is a set of numbers that
represents the data and is organized into equal intervals. It is important to know that all line
graphs must have a title. The title of a line graph provides a general overview of what is being
displayed. A line graph will also include a key that represents the event, situation, and
information being measured over time.
Single line graph Multi line graph

3-Bar charts
A bar chart is a way of summarizing a set of categorical data (continuous data can be made
categorical by auto-binning). The bar chart displays data using a number of bars, each
representing a particular category. The height of each bar is proportional to a specific
aggregation (for example the sum of the values in the category it represents). The categories
could be something like an age group or a geographical location. It is also possible to color or
split each bar into another categorical column in the data, which enables you to see the
contribution from different categories to each bar or group of bars in the bar chart.

Example:

The bar chart below shows the total sum of sales for fruits and vegetables over three years.

The bars are colored by the Category column, which contains two values: Fruit and Vegetables.
You can also view these color categories side-by-side as in the bar chart below. Right-click in the
visualization and select Side-by-Side Bars from the pop-up menu to get this appearance.
Another way to get a similar appearance is to add the column Category to the category axis to
create a hierarchy on that axis. See Hierarchies to learn more about multiple columns on an
axis.If you prefer the bars to be displayed horizontally, right-click in the visualization and select
Horizontal Bars from the pop-up menu.

4-Gantt charts
A Gantt chart is a project management tool assisting in the planning and scheduling of projects
of all sizes, although they are particularly useful for simplifying complex projects. Project
management timelines and tasks are converted into a horizontal bar chart, showing start and
end dates, as well as dependencies, scheduling and deadlines, including how much of the task is
completed per stage and who is the task owner. This is useful to keep tasks on track when there
is a large team and multiple stakeholders when the scope changes.

As it's in a bar chart format it is possible to check on progress with a quick glance. You can easily
see:

 a visual display of the whole project,

 timelines and deadlines of all tasks,

 relationships and dependencies between the various activities,

  project phases

Project management solutions that integrate Gantt charts give managers visibility into team
workloads, as well as current and future availability, which allows for more accurate scheduling.
Gantt charts have been around for nearly a century, having been invented by Henry Gantt, an
American mechanical engineer, around 1910.

5-Pie charts
A pie chart displays data, information, and statistics in an easy-to-read 'pie-slice' format with
varying slice sizes telling you how much of one data element exists. The bigger the slice, the
more of that particular data was gathered.

Let's take, for example, the pie chart shown below. It represents the percentage of people who
own various pets. As you can see, the 'dog ownership' slice is by far the largest, which means
that most people represented in this chart own a dog as opposed to a cat, fish, or other animal.

Uses of a Pie Chart

The main use of a pie chart is to show comparison. When items are presented on a pie chart,
you can easily see which item is the most popular and which is the least popular.
Various applications of pie charts can be found in business, school, and at home. For business,
pie charts can be used to show the success or failure of certain products or services. They can
also be used to show market reach of a business compared to similar businesses.

At school, pie chart applications include showing how much time is allotted to each subject. It
can also be used to show the number of girls to boys in various classes. At home, pie charts can
be useful when figuring out your diet. You can also use pie charts to see how much money you
spend in different areas.

6-Pictograms
A pictogram shows information represented in the form of figures or symbols. The value of
each figure is indicated by either the size or the number of figures shown. Pictograms are
visually interesting and easily understood.
7-Maps and diagrams
Maps can be an effective visual aid(consider the weather forecast maps show on television).
Maps or diagrams may also be sent out to delegates of a conference or to customers showing a
new company’s location. Such maps have obvious advantages over the written word.
8-Cartograms
cartograms referring to a specific point and referring to a specific area are presented. Diagram
maps or cartograms are cartographic forms of expression where values or properties are
visualized in the form of diagrams on top of a simplified topographic map. The diagrams, which
graphically refer to a certain point or area, are not aligned highly accurate but are correctly
positioned. Absolute values as well as ratios or value intervals can be displayed. Relative values
which correspond directly to the reference area should not be visualized with diagrams. For this
purpose choroplethic maps are more suitable. The following figure shows a diagram map with
cartogram referring to a specific area.

Area related diagram map (student work, IKA, ETH Zurich)

9-FlowCharts
A flow chart is a graphical or symbolic representation of a process. Each step in the process is
represented by a different symbol and contains a short description of the process step. The
flow chart symbols are linked together with arrows showing the process flow direction.
Common Flowchart Symbols
Different flow chart symbols have different meanings. The most common flow chart symbols
are:

 Terminator: An oval flow chart shape indicating the start or end of the process.

 Process: A rectangular flow chart shape indicating a normal process flow step.

 Decision: A diamond flow chart shape indication a branch in the process flow.

 Connector: A small, labeled, circular flow chart shape used to indicate a jump in the
process flow. (Shown as the circle with the letter "A", below.)

 Data: A parallelogram that indicates data input or output (I/O) for a process.

 Document: Used to indicate a document or report (see image in sample flow chart
below).

(A complete list of flow chart symbols can be found in the flowchart symbol definitions article.)

A simple flow chart showing the symbols described above can be seen below:
10-Visual planning board
Visual planning boards can be built up to show virtually any information from a simple plan
showing staff holidays to a complex plan showing activity of a company over a 12-month
period, featuring a number of variables. Visual planning boards offer flexibility and ease of
updating. They enable future trends to be plotted, changes to be foreseen and realistic forward
planning to be made. Many visual planning boards are available, from simple paper charts to
sophisticated magnetic wall boards using shapes, strips and symbols.

11-Computer graphics
Computer graphics is an art of drawing pictures, lines, charts, etc using computers with the help
of programming. Computer graphics is made up of number of pixels. Pixel is the smallest
graphical picture or unit represented on the computer screen. Basically, there are two types of
computer graphics namely.

Interactive Computer Graphics: Interactive Computer Graphics involves a two-way

communication between computer and user. Here the observer is given some control over the
image by providing him with an input device for example the video game controller of the ping
pong game. This helps him to signal his request to the computer.
The computer on receiving signals from the input device can modify the displayed picture
appropriately. To the user it appears that the picture is changing instantaneously in response to
his commands. He can give a series of commands, each one generating a graphical response
from the computer. In this way he maintains a conversation, or dialogue, with the computer.

Interactive computer graphics affects our lives in a number of indirect ways. For example, it
helps to train the pilots of our airplanes. We can create a flight simulator which may help the
pilots to get trained not in a real aircraft but on the grounds at the control of the flight
simulator. The flight simulator is a mock up of an aircraft flight deck, containing all the usual
controls and surrounded by screens on which we have the projected computer generated views
of the terrain visible on take off and landing.

Flight simulators have many advantages over the real aircrafts for training purposes, including
fuel savings, safety, and the ability to familiarize the trainee with a large number of the world’s
airports.

Non Interactive Computer Graphics: In non interactive computer graphics otherwise known as
passive computer graphics. it is the computer graphics in which user does not have any kind of
control over the image. Image is merely the product of static stored program and will work
according to the instructions given in the program linearly. The image is totally under the
control of program instructions not under the user.