Bordomeo Sheila Mae L.

Painting

Painting is the art that has most to do with revealing the visual appearance of objects and
events. • The most basic elements of painting are line, shape, light, texture, and color. • The
eye is the chief sense organ involved in our participation with painting… • Representational
paintings furnishes the world with definite objects and events. • Abstract paintings offers us a
complete rest from practical concerns.

By: Fernando Amorsolo • Rape of Manila (1942)

“The Rape of Manila“ is just one of the least known works of Fernando Amorsolo. The
national artist with his usual theme of sunny and vibrant Philippine countryside in his
paintings, switched to darker themes, one of sorrow and destruction, during the Japanese
Occupation. At the time of the Battle of Manila, he was witness to the brutality and suffering
that the Filipino people went through, as he lived near a Japanese garrison in the city. He took
on the duty as a painter to paint the events he would see from his window or his rooftop. Now
we can see the pain and suffering that Manila had endured through Amorsolo’s eyes, in full
color–a true testament to an artist with a heart for his people.

SCULPTURE

Along with painting and architecture is classified as one of the visual arts. • It engages our
senses differently than painting does; because it occupies space as a three-dimensional mass. •
Sunken-Relief Sculpture: carving cut grooves of various depths into the surface plane of the
stone. • Surface-Relief; Low-Relief; High-Relief;

• By: Napoleon V. Abueva, known as the "Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture” • Sandugo
or Blood Compact shrine in Tagbilaran, Bohol

Sandugo

The Sandugo was a blood compact, performed in Bohol between the Spanish explorer Miguel
López de Legazpi and Datu Sikatuna, the chieftain of Bohol, on March 16, 1565, to seal their
friendship as part of the tribal tradition. This is considered as the first treaty of friendship
between the Spaniards and Filipinos. "Sandugo" is a Visayan word which means "one blood"
ARCHITECTURE

Is the creative conservation of space.

• Space is the material of the architect.

• Four necessities of architecture:

1. Technical requirement – buildings must stand (and withstand).

2. Functional requirements – they must stand in such a way that they reveal their function or
use.

3. Spatial requirements – relationships with surrounding buildings.

4. Content – subject matter = relevant values of society.

By: Juan Nakpil, known as the “Father of Philippine Architecture” • Quezon Hall - built in
1950s in U.P. Diliman

UP Quezon Hall

More popularly known to UP students as Quezon Hall, this 1950s building hosts the board of
regents of the University.

LITERATURE

. Is an art whose medium is language used to affect the imagination.

• Fiction writers and poets share many of the techniques of literature because their effects
depend on universal language art.

• Language has denotation: a literal level where words mean what they obviously say, and
connotation; a subtler level at which words mean more than they obviously say
By: Francisco “Balagtas” Baltazar, Known as the “Father of Philippine Literature” • Florante
and Laura (1838)... Translated into English from the Spanish version of Epifanio de los
Santos by George St. Clair Carefully compared to the Tagalog original by Fernando Villarosa
(1920)

Florante at Laura

• Florante at Laura is written as an awit; the word in modern Filipino means "song", but at
that time referred to a standard poetic format with the following characteristics:

• four lines per stanza;

• twelve syllables per line;

• an assonantal rhyme scheme of AAAA (in the Filipino manner of rhyming described by José
Rizal in Tagalische Verskunst);

• a slight pause (caesura) on the sixth syllable;

• each stanza is usually a complete, grammatically correct sentence;

• each stanza has figures of speech (according to Fernando Monleón, Balagtas used 28 types
in 395 instances throughout the poem.)

DRAMA

By: Severino Reyes, known as the “Father of Philippine Drama” • Pen name: Lola Basyang •
Walang Sugat (1898)

• Is a species of literature whose basic medium is spoken language.

• It can be read, somewhat like a poem or a novel.

• The word “drama” comes from the Greek word meaning “act.”

• Drama is spoken language acted, to be produced for public exhibition, usually upon a stage.

Walang Sugat

• Apart from the political themes, Walang Sugat is also a love story. Towards the end of the
Philippine Revolution, Tenyong leaves Julia to become a member of the Katipunan. In his
absence, Julia is continuously pressured by her mother to marry the rich Miguel who is
portrayed as an American; she succumbs when she stopped receiving news from Tenyong. As
Julia and Miguel are being wed, Tenyong arrives to interrupt the service, and is dying of
injuries sustained in combat. Tenyong mentions his dying wish to Julia, but the play features
an "unexpected twist" that shows how Tenyong is able to outwit the persons separating him
from Julia, the love of his life.

MUSIC

• Is one of the most powerful of the arts partly because sounds – more than any other sensory
stimulus – create in us involuntary reactions, pleasant or unpleasant. • There is no escaping
the effects of music except by turning off the source. • It can be experienced in two ways:
“hearing” or “listening.

ANTONIO JESUS MOLINA

• Father of Philippine Impressionist Music

• First National Artist for Music (1973) • Molina made his first composition in 1912 titled
Matinal, which is preserved in an unpublished volume called Miniaturas, Vol. 1.

• He was appointed to teach harmony, composition, music history, and violincello at the UP
Conservatory of Music, pursuing a career in music education until being appointed dean of
the Centro Escolar Conservatory of Music.

• He founded the CEU String Quartet which was professionally organized and financed by its
music school.

• As a composer Molina is credited with over 500 compositions

Composer: Lucio San Pedro Lyricist: Levi Celerio Sa Ugoy ng Duyan (1948)

DANCE

1. Moving bodies shaping space.

2. At its most basic level, the subject matter of dance is abstract motion.

3. In abstract dance the center of interest is upon visual patterns.

4. It is rhythmic, unfolding in time, and thus has common ground with music.

5. Most is accompanied by music.

• Philippine Folk Dance Pioneer

• First National Artist of the Philippines for Dance

FILM

•José Nepomuceno, known as the Father of Philippine Cinema

• Dalagang Bukid (1919), First Filipino Silent Film

• When we evaluate a film, all of these elements come into play:

• Cinematography, the care with which the film was photographed,

• Structure, the completeness and excellence of the script or story line,

• Acting and character development,

• Editing of separate shots

• Music, the way sound evokes emotion or establishes mood.

PHOTOGRAPHY

• Photography is the science, art, application and practice of creating durable still images by
recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image
sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film.

• When it became widely available in the 1940’s and 1950’s the images printed on paper were
in blackand-white or sepia (brown-and-white).

• The success of photography in reproducing realistic scenes and people had an instant impact
on painting.

• Eduardo Masferré, known as the “Father of Philippine Photography”

• a Filipino-Catalan photographer who made important documentary reports about the

lifestyle of native people in the region of the Cordillera in the Philippines at the middle of
20th century.