OOO R&D CENTRE “TRANSKOR-K”, RUSSIA

Magnetic Tomography method

for inspecting pipelines (МТМ)
 MTM scanning process
Step of Step of Step of Step of Step of Step of Step of
recording 1 recording 2 recording 3 recording 4 recording 5 recording 6 recording 7

Movement
of operator with
magnetometer
SKIF MBS

Ears Surface

Diagrams of
SDC (stress-
deformed
condition) Anomaly № 2 Anomaly № 3
h = 15 D Anomaly № 1

Registers
Length of anomaly 1 Length of anomaly 2 Length of anomaly 3

Pipeline

Lines
Defective Defective Defective Section without
Of magnetic field
defects
section № 1 section № 2 section № 3
 Scheme of complex processing MTM data of
underground (sub-water) object
1 data flow : 2 data flow : 3 data flow : 4 data flow :

GPS 1 Unit of 2 Unit of 3 Unit of

receiver MTM detectors MTM detectors MTM detectors
X Y Z
Unit for analyzing and processing data

Processing geodesic Processing MTM

information scanning data

Data base: X, Y, Z, curves of SDC

(stress-deformed condition)
 SDC diagrams
05 .0 4 .2 00 6

ï î ë è ãî í , Òð ó á à 1 0 0 0 ï î õî ä ó ,
Object name, direction of inspection – according a product flow Ó ÷ à ñ òî ê â ð à é î í å 0 - 3 0 ì ,
Í à ï ð à â ë å í è å î á ñë å ä î â à í è ÿ - ï î õ î ä ó ï ð î ä ó ê òà .

70
Diagrams Äof
è à ãð à ì ì à í à ï ð ÿ æå í í î ãî ñ î ñ òî ÿ í è ÿ
stress-deformed condition (SDC)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
0
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.008
0.008
0.009
0.009
0.01
0.01
0.011
0.011
0.012
0.012
0.013
0.013
0.014
0.014
0.015
0.015
0.016
0.016
0.017
0.017
0.018
0.018
0.019
0.019
0.02
0.02
0.021
0.021
0.022
0.022
0.023
0.023
0.024
0.024
0.025
0.025
0.026
0.026
0.027
0.027
0.028
0.028
0.029
0.03
0.03
Diagrams
Ä è à ãð à ì ì of
à î á ùgeneral
å ãî í à ï ð ÿ æå í stress
èÿ

20

-20

-40
0.0

Pipeline
Ñ è òó à ösituation
è î í í à ÿ ñ õ å ì à òð scheme
óáî ï ðî âî ä à
MTM data field registration
PRINCIPLE of the METHOD
Non-destructive testing works
(NDT) in a pit
 MTM data office processing

Sections with anomalies

Section without SDC (stress-

deformed condition) anomalies
 Diagrams of distribution of anomaly
Diagram of distribution of anomalies danger degree / safe operation term Physical grounds of the method enabling the development of the magnetic tomography method

danger degree/ safe operating pressure Mechanical stress, MPa

-3
Relative magnetic penetrability µ=10
1

0,9

3-d rank
3-d rank

0,8

0,7
Magnetic field, A/m
0,6

2-nd rank
2-nd rank
Magnetoelastic hysteresis phenomenon
Danger degree
Danger degree

аномалии

0,5

0,4

0,3
1-st rank
1-st rank
аномалии

0,2

Part of volume with magnetization oriented

0,1 lengthwise vector Ir0 and towards it, correspondingly;

0
1

13

17

21

25

29

33

37

41

45

49

53

57

61

65

69

73

77

81

85

89

93

97
A calculated parameter - saf e operation term, years
Residual magnetization of magnet in adjusted condition,
Parameter of calculation – free accident operation term, years that is, after multi-repeated imposition of stress;

Ranks of anomalies danger

Magnetization of saturation;
Change of magnetoelastic energy when stress
3 2 1 is imposed tension σ;

Constant of magnetostriction;
CATEGORY OF METAL CONDITION
Average angular coefficient;
Change of domains magnetostatic energy;

H/m

Good Admissible Inadmissible Demagnetizing index of inclusions

(various types of defects of structure);

Complete piezomagnetic change of magnetization in the first

RECOMMENDATION ON ENHANCING RELIABILITY and second volumes, correspondingly;

Energy of interaction of magnitization with field, essential for

interdomain boundaries to get over potential barriers,
Hk – average critical field;

Monitoring Scheduled First priority Is developed owing to detention of domains at energy barriers
(defects of array) and also owing to additional magnetization
without repair repair repair of matrix by inclusions having value of residual magnetization
higher than matrix’s.
 Calculation of serviceability parameters
8

7
field gradient
поля

6
Градиент магнитного

4
Magnetic

0
0,02 0,08 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9

Mechanical stresses
Механические R,Ra, part
напряжения of σσт t
доля от

Dependence between a pipeline magnetic field

density and mechanical stresses
 F = -0,6245Ln (σ) + 1,5
2,5

units
показатель,
F, conditional F
2

1,5
Magnetic index Магнитный

0,5

0
0,00 0,05 0,10 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,60 0,70 0,80 0,90

Механические напряжения, σт
Mechanical stresses σt

Dependence between complex magnetic

index F and mechanical stresses in a pipeline
Magnetic field density in Н or Ам-1 10-9

Range of an object wall thickness Starting with 2.8 mm

56 ≤ D ≥ 1420 mm и >
Limits regarding pipelines diameters D
2-5 m/s
Rate of MTM-
MTM-inspection
Maximum pressure Not limited

Minimum pressure for gas pipelines 0,02 MPa

Minimum radius of turning (bend) Not limited
Not limited
Internal minimum diameter
Dimensions 200×
200×200×
200×750 mm
Weight of the tool 4,7 kg
Length of an inspected section, minimum 40 m
Volume of registration along lengthways an object 100 %

Admissible deviation from the axis of an underground object Not more than 3 D

Admissible distance between the magnetometer and a pipeline 20 D

(deviation from axis, depth of bedding)
Step of scanning (registration and data recording by 0,25 m
detectors), maximum
Error in determining longitudinal coordinate of anomaly ± 1,5 m
Error in determining angular coordinate of anomaly 20о
Odometer error (measuring distance) ≤5%
 MTM Report
Register of revealed MTM anomalies

Coordinates Prognosis of
Integral index F, Beginning,
end , Length anomaly type
of anomaly, m conditional units
of anomaly
Distance from the Safe operating
Type of fixation Metal condition: preceding fixation (-) pressure, MPa, Tsaf
Angular coordinate
good (3); admissible (2); of anomaly, hour to the next fixation (+)
GPS-coordinates: inadmissible (1)
latitude, longitude Free accident
operation term,
years, at Tsaf
№ anomaly

Rank of Notes: Recommendation on enhancing

anomaly reliability of a pipeline section
Section for the first priority repair (1)
Section for the scheduled repair (2)
Section without repair - monitoring (3)

Types of anomalies:
Metal loss
Crack-like defects
Geometry change
Weld joint defects
SDC (stress-deformed condition)
anomalies
 Map-scheme
with fixing an object
to topo-base
(Tierra Del Fugo,
Patagonia, Argentina)
 Distribution of anomalies
lengthways an object
Плотность распределения анамалий
объекта ООО "ЛУКОЙЛ-Западная Сибирь", ДНС-ЦПС,
0.0
degree (F)

0.1

0.20 0.20
0.2
опасности

0.3
danger

0.4
ofстепени

0.5
0.55 0.55
Градация

0.6
Gradation

0.7

0.8

0.9

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
Протяженность трубопровода
Length of a pipeline, km
 Distribution of angular coordinates
of anomalies Часовое расположение аномалии
объекта ООО "ЛУКОЙЛ-Западная Сибирь", ДНС-ЦПС,
0ч
anomalies

1ч

2ч

3ч
аномалии

4ч
расположениеof

5ч
positioning

6ч

7ч
Clock Часовое

8ч

9ч

10 ч

11 ч

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
Протяженность трубопровода
Length of a pipeline, km
 The following is included into the text: The following is included as graphic
attachments:
Register Tables Photos
Maps Diagrams Schemes

1. Maps of distributing parameters of SDC

1. Situational, geodesic and other schemes, tables
anomalies of an object;
describing the MTM results;
2. Situational Maps-schemes of an object;
2. Data illustrating the methodic of field and office works;
diagrams
3. Data characterizing principals and peculiarities of
3. Maps of geodesic positioning of an object by
revealing SDC anomalies of a ferro-magnetic pipeline;
GPS-coordinates;
4. Data relevant to the work results.
4. Schemes of comparing the inspection data with
topo-base of a pipeline route.

Typical structure of
data submitted during
any Report term