PROPERTY

I. DEFINITION OF TERMS

A. PROPERTY ≠ THING

B. MOVABLE ≠ IMMOVABLE

IMMOVABLE = REAL PROPERTY (Art. 415)

1. By NATURE (Art. 415, Nos. 1, 8).

2. By INCORPORATION (Art. 415, Nos. 2, 3, 7).

3. By DESTINATION (Art. 415, Nos. 4, 5, 6, 9).

4. By ANALOGY – (Art. 415, No. 10).

LADERA VS. HODGES [CA] 48 O.G. 4374

MANALANG VS. OFILADA, L-8133, May 18, 1956

VALDEZ VS. ALTAGRACIA, 225 U.S. 58

DAVAO SAW MILL VS. CASTILLO, 61 Phil. 709

MCMICKING VS. BANCO ESPAÑOL FILIPINO, 13 Phil. 429.

MOVABLES = Personal Property

1.By NATURE – Art. 416.

2. By ANALOGY - Art. 417.

BICERRA vs. TENEZA, L-16218, November 29, 1962

MINDANAO BUS CO., vs. CITY ASSESSOR, L-17870, Sept. 29, 1962

INVOLUNTARY INSOLVENCY OF STROCHKER VS. RAMIREZ, 44 PHIL. 933

SIBAL VS. VALDEZ, 50 PHIL. 512

PHIL. REFINING CO. INC. VS. JARQUE, 61 Phil. 229

.

C. FUNGIBLE ≠ CONSUMMABLE

D. PROPERT OF PUBLIC DOMINION ≠ PATRIMONIAL PROPERTY

B. PROPERTY FOR PUBLIC USE ≠ PROPERTY FOR PUBLIC SERVICE

C. RES NULLIUS ≠ RES COMMUNES ≠ RES ALICUJUS ≠ RES DERELICTA

D. BUILDER/POSSESSOR IN GOOD FAITH ≠ BUILDER/POSSESSOR IN BAD FAITH

E. REAL RIGHT ≠ PERSONAL RIGHT

CLASSIFICATION OF REAL RIGHTS:

1.) Of full control:

(a) Ownership
(b) Possession

2.) Of Enjoyment
(a) Usufruct
(b) Servitude
(c) Lease record.

3.) Of Guaranty

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 (a) Mortgage
(b) Pledge
(c) Antichresis
(d) Retention

4.) Of Acquisition
(a) Preemption
(b) Redemption

F. OWNERSHIP ≠ POSSESSION
RIGHTS OF AN OWNER
(a) Jus possidendi – to possess
(b) Jus fruendi – to enjoy the fruits
(c) Jus utendi – to use.
(d) Jus abutendi – to abuse.
(e) Jus disponendi – to dispose.
(f) Jus vindicandi – to recover or to pursue.

DOCTRINE OF SELF-HELP

DOCTRINE OF INCOMPLETE PRIVILEGE

LIMITATIONS TO ONE’S OWNERSHIP:

1.Eminent Domain
2.Police Power
3.Taxation Power

G. EMINENT DOMAIN ≠ ABATEMENT OF NUISANCE

H. NECESSARY EXPENSES ≠ USEFUL EXPENSES ≠ ORNA-

MENTAL/LUXURY EXPENSE:
II. HIDDEN TREASURE

III. ACCESSION

- ACCESSION ≠ ACCESSORY

KINDS OF ACCESSION:

1. Accession Discreta – by internal forces (fruits)

2. Accession Continua - by external forces (building, alluvium, etc.)

2.a) With respect to real property –

(i) Accession industrial – by the work of man.

Ex.: building, planting, sowing.

(ii) Accession natural - by the forces of nature.

Ex. Alluvium, avulsion.

GOV’T. OF P.I. VS. CABAÑGIS, 53 Phil. 112

2.b) With respect to personal property

(i) Conjunction or adjunction
(ii) Conmixtion
(iii) Specification.

IV. QUIETING OF TITLE

V. CO-OWNERSHIP

CO-OWNERSHIP ≠ PARTNERSHIP:

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LOPEZ VS. ILUSTRE, 5 Phil. 568

Note: Read the Condominium Act or R.A No. 4726, approved on June 19, 1966.

VI. POSSESSION

OBJECTS OF POSSESSION: Only things and rights susceptible of appropriation (Art. 530). Excluded
are res communes, property of public dominion, discontinuous servitudes, and non-apparent servitudes.

WAYS OF ACQUIRING POSSESSION:

CLANDESTINE POSSESSION

RIGHT OF POSSESSION ≠ RIGHT TO POSSESSION

JUS POSSESSIONIS

JUS POSSIDENDI

POSSESSION WITH A JURIDICAL TITLE ≠ POSSESSION WITH A JUST TITLE

POSSESSION WITH A JURIDICAL

POSSESSION WITH A JUST TITLE

WHO IS PREFERRED IN CASE OF DISPUTE OVER RIGHT OF POSSESSION:

DIFFERENT KINDS OF ACTION TO RECOVER POSSESSION OF REAL PROPERTY:
1. Summary (Accion interdictal) – Forcible entry or unlawful detainer.
2. Accion publiciana – based on superior right of plaintiff to possession.
3. Accion reivindicatoria – based on ownership.
4. Injunction, against continuation of trespass.

SPS. NUGUID VS. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. NO. 151815, Feb. 23, 2005

SAMPAYAN VS. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL., G.R. No. 156360, Jan. 14, 2005

JIMENEZ VS. PATRICIA INC., G.R. NO. 134651, Sept,. 18, 2000

VII. USUFRUCT

USUFRUCT ≠ LEASE ≠ COMMODATUM.

VIII. EASEMENT-

EASEMENT ≠ LEASE-

MODES OF ACQUIRING EASEMENT

RONQUILLO VS. ROCO, L-10619, Feb. 28, 1958

REMMAN ENTERPRISES, INC. VS. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. NO. 125018, April 6, 2000

SPS. DELA CRUZ VS. RAMISCAL, G.R. NO. 137882, Feb. 4, 2005

IX. NUISANCE – Art. 694 – An act, omission, establishment, business, condition of property, or anything
else …

DOCTRINE OF ATTRACTIVE NUISANCE

HIDALGO ENTERPRISES VS. BALANDAN, 48 O.G. 2641

REMEDIES AGAINST PUBLIC NUISANCE:

1.) Criminal prosecution;
2.) Civil action (injunction, abatement, damages);
3.) Abatement w/o judicial proceedings.

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 REMEDIES AGAINST PRIVATE NUISANCE:
1.) Civil action;
2.) Extrajudicial abatement.

X. MODES OF ACQURING OWNER-SHIP.

TITLE ≠ MODE

ART. 719 – not a finder’s keeper.

(a) Acquisitive Prescription;

(b) Law (by operation of law) Example: estoppel under Art. 1434.
(c) Intellectual creation.

2. Derivative Modes:
(a) Succession mortis causa;
(b) Tradition as a result of sales, barter, donation, assignment, mutuum.

XI. DONATION

VOID DONATIONS ( Art. 739)

GROUNDS FOR REVOCATION OF DONATION (Arts. 760, 764, 765).

GROUNDS FOR REDUCTION:

XII. PRESCRIPTION

PRESCRIPTION ≠ LACHES

1. Acquisitive Prescription
2. Extinctive Prescription.

- Atty. Liza -