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SMART CARD BASED DOOR ACCESS SYS. WITH LCD

K675
This is smart card based Access system for Bank, ATM, Bank Lockers, Schools, Collage and
home security application. It’s using micro controller and smart card (Memory card). LCD
interfaces for Display user ID.

Features: -

• Fully micro controller based interface using PIC16F72 MCU

• Working Voltage – 12V AC/DC
• Operating Current - 500ma Approx
• Relay Contact Rating – 230V AC / 500W
• On board 16 x 2 LCD display
• Programmable user code
• On board switches for programmed the smart card
• On board relay Status LED indicator
• On board Power LED indicator
• Buzzer for audible indication and Alarm

The most common smart card applications are:-

• Credit cards
• Electronic cash
• Computer security systems
• Wireless communication
• Banking
• Satellite TV
• Government identification

INRODUCTION:-

It is a system which can be used where accessing of door or any other electrical device, can be
open using a smart card on inserting the card users data is being read by the micro controller
which will process the data the card is an EPROM IC where we can store the data in that there
where quick updating, quick record database generator for the person using for and where few
organization cant work efficiently like post, telegraph, telephone. Manual handling required for
telephone.

The smart card is one of the latest additions to the world of information technology. Similar in
size to today's plastic payment card, the smart card has a microprocessor or memory chip
embedded in it that, when coupled with a reader, has the processing power to serve many
different applications. As an access-control device, smart cards make personal and business
data available only to the appropriate users. Another application provides users with the ability to
make a purchase or exchange value. Smart cards provide data portability, security and
convenience.

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We use a system that is called smart card connectivity which has the following features.
Analysis, computation, decision making is easier & faster: Space constraints sensitive to
environmental condition computer literates are required to operate. We have developed a
system, which can use for remote sites or area.

The EEPROM (memory) on the smart card is there for security. The host computer and card
reader actually "talk" to the EEPROM. The EEPROM enforces access to the data on the card. If
the host computer read and wrote the smart card's random access memory (RAM), it would be
no different than a diskette.

Smarts cards may have up to 512 kilobytes of EEPROM. The smart card uses a serial
interface and receives its power from external sources like a card reader. The processor uses a
limited instruction set for applications such as cryptography.

Smart cards can be used with a smart-card reader attachment to a personal computer to
authenticate a user. Web browsers also can use smart card technology to supplement Secure
Sockets Layer (SSL) for improved security of Internet transactions. Visa's Smart Card FAQ
shows how online purchases work using a smart card and a PC equipped with a smart-card
reader. Smart-card readers can also be found in mobile phones and vending machines.

CIRCUIT EXPLANATION

Prototype smart card

The general block diagram of the system consist of the card which provides a predefined code
(STORED IN THE EEPROM OF the card IC) every card has some unique code stored in its
EEPROM also known as firmware, is an integrated circuit programmed with specific data when it
is manufactured.

Working with ROM’s and EPROM’s can be a wasteful business. Even though they are
inexpensive per chip, the cost can add up over time. Erasable programmable read-only memory
(EPROM) addresses this issue. EPROM chips can be rewritten many times. Erasing an EPROM
requires a special tool that emits a certain frequency of ultraviolet (UV) light. EPROM’s are
configured using an EPROM programmer that provides voltage at specified levels depending on
the type of EPROM used. In the smart card we used a two-wire serial EEPROM AT24C04 is
used in the circuit to store the user code, as the memory ensures reading of the latest saved
settings by the micro controller. This 12C bus-compatible- 2048-bit (2-kbit) EEPROM is
organized as 256x8 bits. It can retain data for more than ten years. Using just two lines (SCL

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and SDA) of the memory, the micro controller can read the data when user can be connect with
the reader.

Block Diagram Of Smart

Card
+V

DATA
24C04 CLOCK
EEPROM

GND

Smart card reader

The block diagram of the Smart card reader is shown in fig 1. The system comprises a small
electronic unit with a relay, buzzer and LCD interface.

MICROCONTROLLER INTERFACE
PIC16F72 is an 8-bit CMOS micro controller. Its internal circuitry reducing the need for external
components, thus reducing the cost and power consumption and enhancing the system reliability.
PIC16F72 is an 8-bit, low-cost, high-performance flash micro controller. Its key features are 4k
words of flash program memory, 192 bytes of data RAM, eleven interrupts, three I/O ports, 8-bit
ADC and only 35 powerful single- cycle instructions (each 14-bit wide).

The PIC16F72 micro controller is a 28-pin IC with three input/output ports: port A (RAO through
RA5), port B (RBO through RB7) and port C (RCO through RC7). All 22 bi-directional I/O pins
are used for smart card (serial EEPROM), LCD Interface, Buzzer and relay interfacing. Port RC4
is pulled up via 4K7 resistor and used as enter key and mode selection (read & write).

The user code is store in the smart card (serial EPROM (AT24C04) memory. The memory can
be read by the micro controller, which activates an output when the correct access code has
been read in the smart card. All Read Data send to the PC Serial Port via RS232 Interface. A
buzzer has been added to provide input feedback; the number of beep indicates weather the
input has been entered correctly or not.

Smart card interface

Pins RC3 and RC2 of the microcontroller are used as serial data (SDA) and serial clock (SCL)
lines for the I2C bus for communicating with the smart card (EEPROM_AT24C04). These two
lines are connected to pull-up resistors, which are required for I2C bus devices. AT24C04 is an
i2C bus compatible 4k-bit EEPROM organized as 256x8-bit that can retain data for more
than ten years. Various user codes can be stored in it. Using SCL and SDA lines, the
microcontroller can read and write data for all the parameters. For more details on I2C bus
and memory interface, please refer to the AT24C04 datasheet.

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LCD INTERFACE
The dot-matrix liquid crystal display controller and driver LSI displays alphanumeric,
characters, and symbols. It can be configured to drive a dot-matrix liquid crystal display
under the control of a 4 or 8-bit microprocessor. Since all the functions such as display
RAM, character generator, and liquid crystal driver, required for driving a dot-matrix liquid
crystal display are internally provided on one chip, a minimal system can be interfaced
with this controller/driver. A single HD44780U can display up to two 8-character lines (16
x 2).

A 16 x 2 Line LCD module to display user information. Micro controllers send the data
signals through Pin 11 through 18 (RC0 – RC3) and control signal through 4, 6 and 7 of the
micro controller. Pin no 3 of the LCD is used to control the contrast by using preset PR1

U1 LCD 16x2

LCD VCC

Enable

GND
R/W

Vled
Vdd
Vss
R2

RS
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0

VL
14
13
12
11
10

15

16
9
8
7
6
4

2
RC0 VCC
RC1
RC2 PR1
RC3 PRESET
RC4
RC5

BUZZER
A buzzer connected to port RB1 of the micro controller through a driver transistor. The buzzer
requires 12 volts at a current of around 50ma, which can not provided by the micro controller. So
the driver transistor is added. The buzzer is used to audible indication for valid user and error
situation and Alarm mode. As soon as pin of the micro controller goes high, the buzzer operates.

VDD
+

BZ1

RB1 R3 Q1

RELAY INTERFACE
A single pole dabble throw (SPDT) relay is connected to port RB0 of the micro controller through
a driver transistor. The relay requires 12 volts at a current of around 100 ma, which can not
provided by the micro controller. So the driver transistor is added. The relay is used to operate
the external solenoid forming part of a locking device or for operating any other electrical device.
Normally the relay remains off. As soon as pin of the micro controller goes high, the relay
operates. When the relay operates and releases. Diode D2 is the standard diode on a

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mechanical relay to prevent back EMF from damaging Q3 when the relay releases. LED L1
indicates relay on.
CN3
RL1
L2 VDD 5
3
4
1
D7 2
R4 OUT
RELAY SPDT

RB0 R5 Q2

POWER SUPPLY
Two supply voltages are required for the circuit. A DC or AC 12 V mains adaptor is connected to bridge
rectifier (D2, 3, 4, 5) via CN1 Connector. U3 and U4 are supplied with a regulated 5 V from a 7805 (U2)
fixed voltage Regulator. The unregulated voltage of approximately 12 V is required for relay and buzzer
driving circuit.

VDD U2 VCC
IN OUT
GND
R2
D2 D3
CN1
+ +
C1 C3 C4 C2

L1
PWR D4 D5

VDD = 12 / VCC = 5V

WRITE USER CODE

Press Enter button and power on the circuit, if system goes in program mode buzzer give you
single beep. Enter the smart card in socket. Select user code using SW_UP and SW_DWN
(SW2 and SW3).

NOTE: 101 to 108 is valid user code, remaining all other invalid user code

Assembly

Use the component overlay on the PCB to place the components in the following order

1. Resistors and diodes

2. IC sockets
3. Ceramic capacitors
4. A 4 pin zippy tact switch (SW1, 2, and 3)
5. LM7805 regulators. Use needle nosed pliers to bend the leads of the regulator. It does
not require a heat sink. Screw down onto to PCB.
6. LED’s, and crystal,
7. Electrolytic capacitors. Make sure you insert them the correct way around
8. RF Transmitter, Receiver Module, relay and buzzer

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9. interface the LCD Module using 16 pin LCD connector [For PIN Connection see the
PCB Layout Page]

PART (COMPONENTS) LIST - K675

R1, 3, 9 - 1K [Brown, Black, Red] 3nos

R2 - 22E [Red, Red, Black]
R4, 5, 6 - 4K7 [Yellow, Violet, Red] 3nos
R7, 11, 12, 8, 10 - 10k [Brown, Black, Orange] 5nos
PR! - 20K PRESET

C1 - 1000UF / 16V Electrolytic

C2 - 47UF / 16V Electrolytic
C3, 4 - 0.1UF DISC /104 2nos
C5, 6 - 33PF DISC 2nos
Y1 - 4MHZ Crystal

D1, 6 - 1N4148 DIODE 2nos

D2 - 5 - 1N4007 DIODE 4 NOS
L1 - 3mm / 5mm Green LED
L2 - 3mm / 5mm Red LED

U1 - 16 x 2 LCD Display Modules

U2 - LM7805 – 3 Terminal Voltage Regulator
U3 - PIC16F72, 73 Micro controller (Pre Programmed MCU)
Q1, 2 - BC547 NPN Transistor 2nos

SW1 ~ 3 - 4 PIN TACT SWITCH (PCB MOUNT PUSH ON SWITCH) 3 NOS

CN2 - 5 pin burg strip for smart card interface
BZ1 - 12V DC Buzzer
RL1 - 12V PCB MOUNT SPDT RELAY

2nos - 14 Pin IC Socket for U3

1nos - 16 Pin LCD Connector for LCD (U1)
3nos - MINI Smart card using AT24C04 EEPROM (assembled and tested)

REFERENCES
www.national.com [LM7805 / AT24C04]
www.Microchip.com [PIC16F72]