1. STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION – Also known as the balance sheet.

This statement includes

the amounts of the company’s total assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity which in totality provides the
condition of the company on a specific date.
2. PERMANENT ACCOUNTS – As the name suggests, these accounts are permanent in a sense that their
balances remain intact from one accounting period to another.
Examples of permanent account include:
 Cash, Accounts Receivable
 Accounts Payable
 Loans Payable
 Capital among others
 Assets
 liabilities
 Equity accounts
They are called permanent accounts because the accounts are retained permanently in the SFP until their
balances become zero.
3. CONTRA ASSETS – Contra assets are those accounts that are presented under the assets portion of the SFP
but are reductions to the company’s assets. These include:
 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is a contra asset to Accounts Receivable - This represents the
estimated amount that the company may not be able to collect from delinquent customers.
 Accumulated Depreciation is a contra asset to the company’s Property, Plant and Equipment - This
account represents the total amount of depreciation booked against the fixed assets of the company

LEARNING IS FUN COMPANY

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2016
Assets
Current Assets
Cash Php 100,000.00
Accounts Receivable Php 500,000.00
Less: Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (50,000.00) 450,000
Accrued Income 300,000
Inventory 200,00
Prepaid Expenses 50,000
Total Current Assets Php 1,100,000.00
Noncurrent Assets
Long Term Investments Php 1,250,000.00
Intangible Assets 500,000.00
Property, Plant and Equipment
Cost Php 1,000,000.00
Less: Accumulated Depreciation (300,000.00) 700,000.00
Total Noncurrent Assets Php 1,450,000.00
Total Assets Php 3,550,000.00
 Liabilities and Owner’s Equity
Current Liabilities
Accounts Payable Php 250,000.00
Accrued Expenses 100,000.00
Unearned Income 80,000.00
Notes Payable 150,000.00
Total Current Liabilities 1,500,000.00
580,000.00

Noncurrent Liabilities
Mortgage Payable Php 500,000.00
Loans Payable 1,000,000.00
Total Noncurrent Liabilities Php 1,500,000.00
Total Liabilities Php 3,080,000.00
Owner’s Equity 470,000.00
Total Liabilities and Owner’s Equity Php 3,550,000.00

 Report Form – A form of the SFP that shows asset accounts first and then liabilities and owner’s equity
accounts after. The balance sheet shown earlier is in report form.
 Account Form – A form of the SFP that shows assets on the left side and liabilities and owner’s equity on
the right side just like the debit and credit balances of an account. Emphasize that the two are only formats
and will yield the same amount of total assets, liabilities and equity b. Emphasize that assets should always
be equal to liabilities and equity

 Current Assets – Assets that can be realized (collected, sold, used up) one year after year-end date. Examples
include Cash, Accounts Receivable, Merchandise Inventory, Prepaid Expense, etc. Current Liabilities –
Liabilities that fall due (paid, recognized as revenue) within one year after yearend date. Examples include
Notes Payable, Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses (example: Utilities Payable), Unearned Income, etc.

 Current Assets are arranged based on which asset can be realized first (liquidity). Current assets and current
liabilities are also called short term assets and shot term liabilities.

 Noncurrent Assets – Assets that cannot be realized (collected, sold, used up) one year after yearend date.
Examples include Property, Plant and Equipment (equipment, furniture, building, land), Long Term
investments,Intangible Assets etc.
Quantitative research

The objective of quantitative research is to develop and employ mathematical models, theories and hypotheses
pertaining to phenomena. The process of measurement is central to quantitative research because it provides the
fundamental connection between empirical observation and mathematical expression of quantitative
relationships. Quantitative data is any data that is in numerical form such as statistics, percentages, he researcher
analyses the data with the help of statistics and hopes the numbers will yield an unbiased result that can be
generalized to some larger population.
Qualitative research, on the other hand, inquires deeply into specific experiences, with the intention of describing
and exploring meaning through text, narrative, or visual-based data, by developing themes exclusive to that set
of participants.

Overview
Quantitative research is generally made using scientific methods, which can include:
 The generation of models, theories and hypotheses
 The development of instruments and methods for measurement
 Experimental control and manipulation of variables
 Collection of empirical data
 Modeling and analysis of data
Quantitative Research
Quantitative methods emphasize objective measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis
of data collected through polls, questionnaires, and surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing statistical data using
computational techniques. Quantitative research focuses on gathering numerical data and generalizing it across
groups of people or to explain a particular phenomenon.
Characteristics of Quantitative Research

Your goal in conducting quantitative research study is to determine the relationship between one thing [an
independent variable] and another [a dependent or outcome variable] within a population. Quantitative research
designs are either descriptive [subjects usually measured once] or experimental [subjects measured before and
after a treatment]. A descriptive study establishes only associations between variables; an experimental study
establishes causality.

Quantitative research deals in numbers, logic, and an objective stance. Quantitative research focuses on numeric
and unchanging data and detailed, convergent reasoning rather than divergent reasoning [i.e., the generation of a
variety of ideas about a research problem in a spontaneous, free-flowing manner].

Its main characteristics are:

The data is usually gathered using structured research instruments.
The results are based on larger sample sizes that are representative of the population.
The research study can usually be replicated or repeated, given its high reliability.
Researcher has a clearly defined research question to which objective answers are sought.
All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data is collected.
Data are in the form of numbers and statistics, often arranged in tables, charts, figures, or other non-textual forms.
Project can be used to generalize concepts more widely, predict future results, or investigate causal relationships.
Researcher uses tools, such as questionnaires or computer software, to collect numerical data.

The overarching aim of a quantitative research study is to classify features, count them, and construct statistical
models in an attempt to explain what is observed.

Things to keep in mind when reporting the results of a study using quantitative methods:

Explain the data collected and their statistical treatment as well as all relevant results in relation to the research
problem you are investigating. Interpretation of results is not appropriate in this section.
Report unanticipated events that occurred during your data collection. Explain how the actual analysis differs
from the planned analysis. Explain your handling of missing data and why any missing data does not undermine
the validity of your analysis.
Explain the techniques you used to "clean" your data set.
Choose a minimally sufficient statistical procedure; provide a rationale for its use and a reference for it. Specify
any computer programs used.
Describe the assumptions for each procedure and the steps you took to ensure that they were not violated.
When using inferential statistics, provide the descriptive statistics, confidence intervals, and sample sizes for each
variable as well as the value of the test statistic, its direction, the degrees of freedom, and the significance level
[report the actual p value].
Avoid inferring causality, particularly in nonrandomized designs or without further experimentation.
Use tables to provide exact values; use figures to convey global effects. Keep figures small in size; include graphic
representations of confidence intervals whenever possible.
Always tell the reader what to look for in tables and figures.

Qualitative Research Quantitative Research

Objective / purpose
To gain an understanding of underlying reasons and motivations
To provide insights into the setting of a problem, generating ideas and/or hypotheses for later quantitative research
To uncover prevalent trends in thought and opinion
To quantify data and generalize results from a sample to the population of interest
To measure the incidence of various views and opinions in a chosen sample
Sometimes followed by qualitative research which is used to explore some findings further
Sample Usually a small number of non-representative cases. Respondents selected to fulfil a given
quota. Usually a large number of cases representing the population of interest. Randomly selected
respondents.
Data collection Unstructured or semi-structured techniques e.g. individual depth interviews or group
discussions. Structured techniques such as online questionnaires, on-street or telephone interviews.
Data analysis Non-statistical. Statistical data is usually in the form of tabulations (tabs). Findings are
conclusive and usually descriptive in nature.
Outcome Exploratory and/or investigative. Findings are not conclusive and cannot be used to make
generalizations about the population of interest. Develop an initial understanding and sound base for further
decision making. Used to recommend a final course of action.
Topics
FACTORS AFFECTING THE PREFERENCES OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLSTUDENTS
Education

No government support vs. fairness to parents who pay twice for education
Separation of church and state vs. religion’s contribution to the public good
Placement by age vs. placement by academic ability
Mainstreaming students with disabilities vs. special classrooms for their special needs
Required standardized tests for advancement vs. course requirements only
National standardized tests vs. local control of education
Discrimination in education
Multicultural/bilingual education vs. traditional basics
Teacher competency tests vs. degree requirements only
Teacher’s needs/demands vs. teaching as a service profession
Policing schools
School’s responsibility vs. parental responsibility for school violence
Drug and alcohol abuse, pregnancy, suicide
Zero tolerance toward violence vs. toughness with flexibility
Permit corporal punishment
Exams often do little more than measure a person’s ability to take exams. Should exams be outlawed in favor of
another form of assessment?
Should teens in the U.S. adopt the British custom of taking a “gap year” between high school and college?
In some European schools, fewer than 10% of students get “As”. Is there grade inflation in the U.S.? Why so
many “As” for Americans?
Education and funding
Grade inflation
No Child Left Behind Act: Is it working?
Home schooling
Standardized tests
Internet

Are children smarter (or more socialized) because of the Internet?

Should the federal government be allowed to regulate information on the internet?
How has the music industry been affected by the internet and digital downloading?
How does a search engine work?
Health, pharmacy, medical treatments

What are the effects of prolonged steroid use on the human body?
What are the benefits and hazards of medical marijuana?
How does tobacco use affect the human body?
Do the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks?
What are some common sleep disorders and how are they treated?
What are the risks of artificial tanning or prolonged exposure to the sun?
Should thin people have to pay Medicare and other health costs for the health problems of obese people? Should
obese people have higher premiums?
Low carbohydrate vs. low fat diets
Benefits of weight training vs. aerobics
How much weekly exercise is needed to achieve lasting health benefits
Health websites give too much information
Psychological disorders, such as cutting and self-harm, eating disorders, Autism, Tourette Syndrome, ADHD,
ADD, Asperger Syndrome
Are we taking it too far by blaming fast food restaurants for obesity? When is it individual responsibility and
when is it appropriate to place blame?
Should companies allow employees to exercise on work time?
Steroids, Antibiotics, Sprays; Are food manufacturers killing us?
Alternative medicine
Alzheimer’s disease
Anorexia
Causes of eating disorders, society’s portrayal of women
Eating disorders statistics
Down’s syndrome
Autism
Birth control
Bulimia
Depression
Dietary supplements
Dyslexia
Exercise and fitness
Fad diets
Fast food
Heart disease
In vitro fertilization
Obesity
Attention deficit disorder
Investigate the history and authenticity of ADHD and ADD.
Organic foods
Prescription drugs
Smoking
Vegetarianism
Learning disabilities
Schizophrenia
Coma recovery: techniques, successes, new strategies.
What are the primary types of cancer, and in what ways are they related?
Investigate the success ratio of holistic and non-medical cancer treatments.
Is Alzheimer’s inevitable? Examine theories regarding its prevention.
What forms of physical degeneracy are seen as linked to aging?
Investigate the connections between emotional stability and physical well-being, and provide evidence as to how
the two may be related.
Investigate differences in rates of injury recovery and overcoming illness based on cultural parameters.
Examine the modern history of viral epidemics, researching what is known about the emergence of deadly viruses.
Examine how congenital heart disease may be treated, and how it differs from other forms of heart disease.
Is occasional depression a natural state to an extent, and is society too eager to treat this as a disorder?
Investigate Sociopathy, determine biological and psychological roots, typical patterns, and potentials of treatment.
How are compulsive behaviors determined as such? Explore examples of anal retention and expulsion, OCD, etc.,
as offering accepted criteria.
Research and analyze the nature of codependency as both a normal state of relations and as an unhealthy extreme.
Investigate the history and practice of electroshock, analyzing how and why this extreme treatment came to be
widely used.
Hoarding: symptoms and treatments, causes, types of hoarding
Limits on extraordinary, costly treatments vs. doing everything possible
Nutritional/alternative therapy vs. mainstream medical treatment insurance coverage for alternative treatment?
Government grants for alternative treatment research?
Health superiority of alternative treatments?
Assisted suicide vs. preservation of life
Governmental insurance requirements
Should there be a national database to track controlled substances (i.e., OXYCODONE) or should it be a state
issue?
Should parents avoid vaccinating their children?
Interpersonal Communication
Decline of communication due to technology
Online social networks and their influence
Impact of texting and cell phones
How do men and women communicate differently using body language, and why does it matter (in dating, the
workplace, and social circles)?
Marketing and Advertising

Limitations of the media

Marketing to children
Sexual innuendos in marketing
Global marketing trends
Should certain kinds of ads be banned in the interest of health/morality/annoyance – alcohol, cigarettes,
prescription meds, etc…?
Children’s programming and advertising
Most controversial political ads
Media response and public outcry to political ads
Campaign funds and their relation to political advertising
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region V- Bicol
Division of Camarines Norte
SAN FRANCISCO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Talisay

November 08, 2017

DR. SIRIKIT ZAFRA

Financial Adviser
Sunlife Financial

Madam:

In support of RA 10677 (Youth Entrepreneurial Act) and RA 10922 (An Act Declaring the Second Week of
November of every year as Economic and Financial Literacy Week), We are pleased to invite you to the Economic
and Financial Literacy Week Celebration scheduled to be held at San Francisco National High School, Filipino-
Chinese Chamber Hall on November 10, 2017.

Your expertise and experience in this field of work will be an excellent addition to our programme on Financial
Literacy as our participants will look forward to hearing and learning from your work. It is an honor to be able to
invite you to be our speaker for a talk on Financial Literacy with a theme “Financial Literacy: Key to Self-
Sufficiency as this activity aims to strengthen financial Literacy education among teachers and learners.

We look forward to a positive response. Thank You!

Respectfully,

NOELYN R. DE MATA MARK JAMES ASIS

Senior High School Teacher Junior High School Teacher

Noted by:

MAGNOLIA B. DE MESA
School Principal 1