PHE Design Manual

INTRODUCTION
The intent of this document /report is to describe the functional requirements of proposed Public
Health Engineering (PHE) System for Design, Supply, Installing, Testing and Commissioning
for DFCC quarters Type A, Type B & Type C Contract Package 303 Khurja to Pilkhani section.

1. SCOPE OF WORK

The following systems are considered in the PHE works of Type – A, Type – B & Type – C
quarters for Proposed Dedicated freight Corridor - Eastern Corridor Khurja to Pilkhani, Contract
Package 303.

1) Sanitary fixtures
2) Water supply system
3) Sewage system
4) Roof water drainage system
5) Storm water drainage
6) Rain water harvesting

2. DESIGN STANDARDS & CODES - WATER SUPPLY & SEWERAGE

Sl. Codes / Std Description

No. No.
1 NBC 2016 National Building Code of India.2016
2 SP 35 : 1987 Hand book on drainage and water supply with special emphasis on
Plumbing
3 CPHEEO-1999 Manual on water supply and treatment_CPHEEO_MoUD_1999
(Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization)
4 CPHEEO -1999 Manual on Sewage and sewage treatment_CPHEEO_MoUD_1999
5 IR manual-2000 Indian Railways Work manual - 2000
6 IS 1729 : 2002 Cast iron drainage pipe & pipe fittings
7 IS 4985 : 2000 Un-plasticized PVC Pipes for Potable Water Supplies
8 IS 778 : 1984 Specification for Copper Alloy Gate, Globe and Check Valves for
Waterworks Purposes
9 IS 2556 (Part 7) Specification for vitreous sanitary appliances
:
1995
10 IS 2064 : 1993 Code of practice for selection, installation and maintenance of sanitary
appliances
11 IS 1239 (Part Mild steel tubes, tubular and other wrought steel fittings
1):
2004 & (Part 2)
:
1992
12 IS: 2470 : 1985 Code of practice for installation of septic tanks: Part I design, criteria and
Construction.
13 IS: 1536 : 2001 Centrifugally Cast (Spun) Iron Pressure pipes for Water , Gas & Sewage

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Sl. Codes / Std Description

No. No.
14 IS: 13592 : UPVC pipes for soil & waste discharge system inside buildings Specification
1992
15 IS: 458 : 2003 Precast Concrete pipes (with & without reinforcement) - Specification
16 IS: 12183 : Code of practice for plumbing in Multi storied buildings
1987

17 IS 651 : 2007 Glazed stoneware pipes and fittings - specification

18 IS 15778 : 2007 Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) Pipes for Potable Hot and Cold
Water Distribution Supplies - Specification
19 IRC SP-013 : Guide lines for design small bridges & culverts
1994
20 IRC SP-042 : Guide lines of road drainage
1994
21 Hand book of Rain Water Harvesting issued by Govt. of India Ministry of
Railway -2004
22 IS 2470 (Part Code of practice for installation of septic tank – Design criteria and construction
1):
1985
23 IS 2470 (Part Code of practice for installation of septic tank – Secondary treatment and
2): disposal of septic tank effluent
1985

3.SANITARY FIXTURES & INSTALLATIONS

The fixtures given in Table 1 are considered for the proposed buildings.

Table 1 – Sanitary Fixtures

S.No. Fixtures Discretion

1 Water closets
2 Wash Basins-
Rectangular / Oval Shaped
3 Shower
4 Sink
Wall Mounted EWC with concealed Flush Valve/tank,
Indian Water Closet with Exposed Flushing Cisterns
With Pillar cock
Overhead shower with wall mixture
SS single bowl sink with drain board in Pantry /kitchen area

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4. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

4.1.SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY

Principal source of water supply for the proposed building is from the proposed Bore wells

4.2. DESIGN METHODOLOGY

Internal water supply design is based on Effective Fixture Unit basis. Single pipe system
considered for water requirement inside the buildings. The water requirement is considered as
per relevant Indian Standards, Manuals and SP35. All water supply lines and sewer lines are
designed based on Indian Standards and Manuals.

4.3. INTERNAL WATER SUPPLY

Water supply will be needed for flushing, showers, Kitchen and for drinking. Water supply
for the quarters designed as single pipe system. A minimum residual pressure of 2m (as per NBC
2016, Part 9, Section 1, Clause no. 3.1.2, pg. 9) for buildings will be provided at user points.
Necessary control valves will be provided to control the flow and pressure requirement as per
design and for maintenance purposes. Water supply to the fixtures will be distributed from the
individual roof top storage tank through gravity system. Roof top storage tanks shall be High-
density polyethylene (HDPE) type for quarters.
Internal water supply pipe design is based on Effective Fixture Unit basis. Potable water will
be supplied to domestic requirement and for other requirements inside the building. All water
supply lines are designed based on Indian Standards and Manuals.
Internal water supply piping (for toilets) shall be of Medium grade GI pipes confirming to IS -
1239:2004.

4.4. DOMESTIC WATER DEMAND

OHT Sizing Calculations is done As Per NBC-2016, Part-9, Section 1, Clause 4.1 Pg.no. 11.
OHT of 1000 liters capacity each is provided for each unit in type-A, B & C quarters.

Type of tank structure

For Quarters High-density polyethylene (HDPE) storage tank will be used.

4.5. EXTERNAL WATER SUPPLY

Water from the bore well will be pumped to the over head water storage tank which is
located above residential buildings. The maximum depth of bore well considered is 150m. Heavy
grade GI pipes confirming to IS - 1239:2004 shall be considered for the pumping line from bore
well up to over head storage tanks.

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Water will be distributed to the fixtures from individual OHT. Bore well submersible pumps,
mono-bloc pumps, necessary valves and flow meters have been considered. The schematic
diagram for external water supply system is as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 - Layout of Water Supply Scheme

4.6. WATER TANK STORAGE CAPACITIES

As per NBC -2016 part-9, note under Clause 4.4.10, the storage capacity of

 OHT is 33.4% of one day requirement

As per CPHEEO – Water supply & Treatment manual, Clause no 10.3, for design of
distribution system, the peak factor for population less than 50000 is to be considered as 3 for
storage. By considering the peak factor, the required water storage = one day consumption
multiplied by a peak factor = 3 days requirement

Hence, proposed storage capacities for Individual OHTs storage capacity on buildings will be
equivalent of one day requirement. OHT of 1000 liters capacity each is provided for each unit in
type-A, B & C quarters.

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5. SEWERAGE SYSTEM

5.1. DESIGN METHODOLOGY

Diameter of horizontal pipes and vertical stacks for soil pipes and waste pipes have been
arrived at by adopting the loading units as recommended in NBC – national Building Code & SP
35-1984 – Hand book on Water Supply and drainage.

5.2. INTERNAL SEWERAGE SYSTEM

Soil and waste water from water closets and toilets are collected by two-pipe system. Soil
and Waste water from the toilets shall be collected and routed in sunken and finally connected to
the vertical stack pipe. The vertical stacks shall be routed up to the ground floor and finally
connected to the inspection chambers. The soil pipe is connected directly to inspection chamber
and the waste pipes are connected to gully trap and then connected to inspection chamber.
Internal Sewerage pipe design is based on Effective Fixture Unit basis. Fixture units for
different sanitary appliances are considered from Pg no-36, table 18, Section 2 - Part 9 of NBC -
2016.
Cast iron pipes & fittings of approved make conforming to IS 1729: 2002 (Sand cast iron Spigot
and Socket Soil waste and ventilating pipes & fittings) shall be provided for internal sewer
system.
Minimum diameter of soil pipe is 100 mm and waste pipe is 75 mm. The schematic diagram
for sanitary system is as shown in Figure 2.
Waste water coming from wash basin, shower, sink etc shall be collected and then connected
to waste water manhole through gulley trap.

Figure 2- Scheme for Sanitary System

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5.3. EXTERNAL SEWERAGE SYSTEM

All building inspection chambers are connected with suitable diameter of sewer lines to the
manhole in the sewer network routed to the proposed Septic tank located at the end of buildings.
Manholes are provided wherever change in direction, slope and diameter of pipelines are
encountered. Sewers are designed to run at half depth of pipe. Sizes and slopes are arrived for a
peak flow (as per NBC 2016 Part-9, Section-2, Clause 4.5.3.5.1) and minimum self-cleansing
velocity of 0.6m/sec. Minimum diameter of external sewer is kept as 150 mm (Ref. CPHEEO –
Manual on sewerage and sewage treatment, Clause 3.2.5 & 3.4.3.1).
The sewage network system is designed to have a life of 30 years, as its replacement is not
possible during its use (As per CPHEEO manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment, Table 1.1)
The number and size of soak pits & septic tanks shall be as per the requirements of the
number of users and shall be designed as per the guidelines specified in IS: 2470: 1985 part-1 &
2 and CPHEEO Sewerage & sewage treatment manual.
All piping shall be installed at depth greater than 80cm below finished ground level. The
disposal system shall include construction of all gully traps, manholes, intercepting chambers as
indicated in drawings. The piping system shall be vented suitably at the starting point of all
branch drains and main drains.
Glazed stoneware pipes and fittings of approved make conforming to IS651:2007 for 200
mm dia.& below and Cement Concrete Pipes of Class NP2 conform to Indian Standard IS: 458-
2003 (Concrete Pipes with and without reinforcement) with adequate number of suitable collars
shall be considered for above 200mm dia.

5.4. SEPTIC TANK

Septic tank system is an on a site disposal method, which uses standard flushing. The septic
tank acts as sedimentation-cum-digestion tank. Anaerobic digestion of the settled sludge occurs
in its bottom zone and the supernatant liquid has to undergo treatment in a soak pit/filter bed.
The septic tank should be constructed in 2 compartments to facilitate cleaning of one while
the other is in use. A bottom slope of 5 to 10% towards inlet is recommended.
Septic tanks should be cleaned when a large quantity of sludge has collected in the bottom of
the tank. The interval of cleaning should not normally exceed 12 months. Recommended interval
of cleaning should be every 6 months for better operation of septic tank.

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Septic tank sizes

Type Drainage Fixture Tank Size inner Total inner height
Unit dimensions in m with free board in
(length x breadth x m
height)
A 40 7.5x2.65x1 1.3
B 40 7.5x2.65x1 1.3
C 10 3.75x1.5x1 1.3

5.5. SOAK PITS

A pit through which effluent is allowed to seep into the surrounding soil, Soak pits are
provided for sullage and sewage waste water infiltration into the soil.
All building gulley traps are connected with suitable diameter of sullage separate lines to the
manhole in the sullage network routed to the proposed Soak pits located at the end of buildings
yard or colony.
All building inspection chambers are connected with suitable diameter of sewer lines to the
manhole in the sewer network routed to the proposed Septic tank located at the end of buildings
yard or colony and waste water over flow from the septic tank shall be connected to soak pit

Soak pits are designed for 100% water demand.

The total surface area required for soak pits is given by empirical relation as per CPHEEO
Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment, page no. 337 –

Q = 130/√t
Where
Q = Maximum rate of effluent application in lpd/Sqm of leaching surface, and
t = Standard percolation rate for the soil in minutes.

Soak pit design

Type 100% of total water demand Size of soak pit depends on
percolation rate of soil
A 675x4=2700 litres per day -
B 810x4=3240 litres per day -
C 810x1=810 litres per day -

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6. ROOF WATER DRAINAGE

The rainwater down pipe sizing shall be taken from the table given in the IR work manual-
2000 or NBC part-9, Section 2, as per intensity of rainfall. Roof floor shall be sloped towards the
rainwater pipe outlets by means of PCC screed of slope 1:100, for effective drainage of rainwater
from the roof floor. PVC gratings shall be provided above the rainwater pipe outlets to screen-off
any leaves, debris entering into rainwater pipes and thereby avoiding blockages inside pipes.
Rainwater pipes are connected to rainwater chambers at ground level. From the chambers,
rainwater is conveyed to storm water drain through RCC Hume pipes.
Rainwater from the terrace of the buildings will be collected through rainwater down take
pipes. PVC pipes conforming to IS 4985: 2000 used for rainwater down takes.

Rainfall intensity
Max Rain fall is found to be 260 mm/hr from CWC Flood estimation report for Upper Indo -
Ganga Plains Subzone 1(e), at New Bulandsahar, New Mohiuddinpur, New Sakoti, New
Mansurpur ,New Tapri for 50-year return period.
 Factor for conversion to 1 hr period=0.34,
 Rainfall (mm/ hr) = 260*0.34 = 88.4 mm. We consider the next highest value that is 100
mm/hr

Rain water Pipes

 Sizing of rain water pipes for roof drainage is considered from NBC-2016, Part-9,
Section 2, Clause 4.5.11.6 Pg.no. 48, the roof area (RA) for drainage may be worked out
by using:
RA = 0.084 × d 5/2/I
Where,
RA = roof area, m2;
d = pipe diameter, mm; and
I = intensity of rainfall, mm/h.

Sl. No PVC Pipe Size - mm Rain fall intensity - mm/hr Covered roof area - Sq.m
1 100 100 121

No. of Down takes = Total roof area / Roof area covered by each pipe

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7. STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM

7.1. STORM WATER DRAIN

The drains collect the runoff from roads, formation, building’s roof and adjoining lands.
Geographical characteristics, soil condition and rainfall intensity are some of the main factors
which influence the shape, location and capacity of drains. Based on the calculation of discharge
to be transferred through the drain and taking into account the drain characteristics, it should be
necessary to find critical length for the drain at which discharge of the flow is required.

Amount of run-off is estimated by using the rational formula as given in Clause 10.4 at page 18
of IRC: SP-42-1994:

Q = 0.028CAI

Where,
Q = Discharge (Peak run-off) in cum/sec
C = coefficient of run-off for the catchment characteristics
A = Area of catchment in hectares
I = Critical intensity of rainfall in cm per hour

After calculation of runoff, the next step is to finalize the drain sections. As per IRC SP-042:
1994, Rectangular section is well suited for roadside drains when larger discharge is required.
Drains are proposed along both sides of roads for collecting run-off from road and adjoining
lands.

Size of drain is calculated by using the formula as given in Clause 11.2 at page 29 of IRC: SP-
42- 1994 is

Q = (1/n) A R (2/3)S (1/2)

Where,
Q = Discharging capacity of drain
n = Manning’s coefficient (depends on material of drain sections)
R = Hydraulic Radius = A/P
S = Slope of Drain
A = Cross Sectional area of drain
P = Perimeter of drain

8. RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Due to large catchment area of the station layout, only equal amount of rainwater coming
from roof of buildings has been considered to determine the number and size of the Rain Water
Harvesting Pits (RWHP).

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As per NBC 2016 Part-9, Section-2, Clause 4.5.12.3.2, in areas where rainfall is limited
during the monsoon period (usually from 15-90 days), roof top rain-water cannot be stored and is
best used for recharging the ground water. For individual properties and plots the roof top
rainwater should be diverted to storm water drain which in turn is connected to the proposed
Rain Water Harvesting Pits (RWHP).
Runoff from roof, Q = (C x I x A) / (3600 x 1000) cum / sec
(As per BS EN 12056-part 3, Clause 4.1, Page no.8)
Rainfall intensity, I = 88.4 mm (25-year return period rainfall).
Average runs off co-efficient, C = 0.9 flat concrete roof
(As per Table 2, IRC SP 042, Page 20)
Catchment roof Area, A = Considered building’s roof area (in Sq. m).

The storage capacity of harvesting well/Pit capacity shall be at least 15 minutes rainfall of
peak intensity as per Hand book of Rain Water Harvesting issued by Govt. of India Ministry of
Railway (Page no. 25)

Storage capacity of rain water pit for each quarter

Type Roof Area Runoff in Runoff for Height in
(m2) m3/sec 15minutes metre for
rainfall 1.5m dia well
A 100.38 0.0022 1.98 m3 1.25
B 123 0.0027 2.43 m3 1.5
C 80.17 0.0017 1.53 m3 0.9

CALCULATIONS

OHT Sizing Calculations as Per NBC-2016, Part-9, Section 1, Clause

4.1 Pg.no. 11
Type No of Bed-Room per No of Persons Total Quantity Tank Size
each unit per each unit (lit/day) for each Provided (lit) for
unit each unit
A 2 5 675 1000
B 3 6 810 1000
C 3 6 810 1000

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Rainwater Drop Size Calculation as Per NBC-2016, Part-9, Section 2,

Clause 4.5.11.6 Pg.no. 48
Type Roof Area PVC Pipe Covered No of Pipes
(m2) Size (mm) Roof Area of Provided
4” pipe (mm)
A 100.38 100 121 4
B 123 100 121 4
C 80.17 100 121 2

Sewer line Calculations as Per NBC-2016, Part-9, Section 2, Clause

4.5.3.5 Pg.no. 34
Type Drainage Fixture Pipe Size Drainage Fixture
Unit (mm) Unit for 150mm
pipe size ,1/100
slope
A 40 150 700
B 40 150 700
C 10 150 700

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