Comparision of factories act of Karnataka with Kerala and Tamil Nadu

Objective of factories act: objective is to protect the employees against industrial or

occupational Hazards .

Factories act of Karnataka

“factory” means any premises including the precints thereof- (i) whereon ten or more workers are
working, or were working on any day of the preceding twelve months, and in any part of which a
manufacturing process is being carried on with the aid of power, or is ordinarily so carried on, or
(ii) whereon twenty or more workers are working, or were working on any day of the preceding
twelve months, and in any part of which a manufacturing process is being carried on without the
aid of power, or is ordinarily so carried on,

Approval, licensing and registration of factories.-

(1) The 8[State] Government may make rules- 9[(a) requiring, for the purposes of this Act, the
submission of plans of any class or description of factories to the Chief Inspector or the
State Government;] 10[(aa) requiring the previous permission in writing of the 11[State]
Government or the Chief Inspector to be obtained for the site on which the factory is to be
situated and for the construction or extension of any factory or class or description of
factories;
(b) requiring for the purpose of considering applications for such permission the
submission of plans and specifications;
(c) prescribing the nature of such plans and specifications and by whom they shall be
certified;
(d) requiring the registration and licensing of factories or any class or description of
factories, and prescribing the fees payable for such registration and licensing and for the
renewal of licences;
(e) requiring that no licence shall be granted or renewed unless the notice specified in
section 7 has been given. (2) If on an application for permission referred to in 1[clause (aa)]
of subsection (1) accompanied by the plans and specifications required by the rules made
under clause (b) of that sub-section, sent to the 2[State] Government or Chief Inspector by
registered post, no order is communicated to the applicant within three months from the
date on which it is so sent, the permission applied for the said application shall be deemed
to have been granted. (3) Where a 3[State] Government or a Chief Inspector refuses to
grant permission to the site, construction or extension of factory or to the registration and
licensing of a factory, the applicant may within thirty days of the date of such refusal appeal
to the Central Government if the decision appealed from was of the 4[State] Government
and to the 5[State] Government in any other case

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 . Notice by occupier.-
(1) The occupier shall, at least fifteen days before he begins to occupy or use any premises
as a factory, send to the Chief Inspector a written notice containing- (a) the name and
situation of the factory; (b) the name and address of the occupier; 7[(bb) the name and
address of the owner of the premises or building (including the precincts thereof) referred to
in section 93;] (c) the address to which communications relating to the factory may be sent;
(d) the nature of the manufacturing process- (i) carried on in the factory during the last
twelve months in the case of factories in existence on the date of the commencement of this
Act, and (ii) to be carried on in the factory during the next twelve months in the case of all
factories; 8[(e) the total rated horse-power installed or to be installed in the factory, which
shall not include the rated horse-power of any separate stand by plant;] (f) the name of the
manager of the factory for the purposes of this Act; (g) the number of workers likely to
be employed in the factory; (h) the average number of workers per day employed during
the last twelve months in the case of a factory in existence on the date of the
commencement of this Act; (i) such other particulars as may be prescribed.

(2) In respect of all establishments which come within the scope of the Act for the first time,
the occupier shall send a written notice to the Chief Inspector containing the particulars
specified in sub-section (1) within thirty days from the date of the commencement of this
Act. (3) Before a factory engaged in a manufacturing process which is ordinarily carried on
for less than one hundred and eighty working days in the year resumes working, the
occupier shall send a written notice to the Chief Inspector containing the particulars
specified in sub-section (1) 1[at least thirty days] before the date of the commencement of
work. (4) Whenever a new manager is appointed, the occupier shall send to the 2[Inspector
a written notice and to the Chief Inspector a copy thereof] within seven days from the date
on which such person takes over charge. (5) During any period for which no person has
been designated as manager of a factory or during which the person designated does not
manage the factory, any person found acting as manager, or if no such person is found, the
occupier himself, shall be deemed to be the manager of the factory for the purposes of this
Act

Powers of Inspectors.-

Subject to any rules made in this behalf, an Inspector may, within the local limits for which he is
appointed- (a) enter, with such assistants, being persons in the service of the Government, or any
local or other public authority, 1[or with an expert] as he thinks fit, any place which is used, or
which he has reason to believe is used, as a factory; 2[(b) make examination of the premises, plant,
machinery, article or substance. (c) inquire into any accident or dangerous occurrence, whether
resulting in bodily injury, disability or not, and take on the spot or otherwise statements

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of any person which he may consider necessary for such inquiry; (d) require the production of any
prescribed register or any other document relating to the factory; (e) seize, or take copies of any
register, record or other document or any portion thereof, as he may consider necessary in respect
of any offence under this Act, which he has reason to believe, has been committed; (f) direct the
occupier that any premises or any part thereof, or anything lying therein, shall be left undisturbed
(whether generally or in particular respects) for so long as is necessary for the purpose of any
examination under clause (b); (g) take measurements and photographs and make such recordings
as he considers necessary for the purpose of any examination under clause (b), taking with him any
necessary instrument or equipment; (h) in case of any article or substance found in any premises,
being an article or substance which appears to him as having caused or is likely to cause danger to
the health or safety of the workers, direct it to be dismantled or subject it to any process or test (but
not so as to damage or destroy it unless the same is, in the circumstances necessary, for carrying out
the purposes of this Act), and take possession of any such article or substance or a part thereof, and
detain it for so long as is necessary for such examination; (i) exercise such other powers as may be
prescribed:] Provided that no person shall be compelled under this section to answer any question
or give any evidence tending to incriminate himself.

Certifying surgeons.-

(1) The 3[State] Government may appoint qualified medical practitioners to be certifying
surgeons for the purposes of this Act within such local limits or for such factory or class or
description of factories as it may assign to them respectively.
(2) A certifying surgeon may, with the approval of the 1[State] Government, authorise any
qualified medical practitioner to exercise any of his powers under this Act for such period
as the certifying surgeon may specify and subject to such conditions as the 2[State]
Government may think fit to impose, and references in this Act to a certifying surgeon shall
be deemed to include references to any qualified medical practitioner when so authorised.
(3) No person shall be appointed to be, or authorised to exercise the powers of, a certifying
surgeon, or having been so appointed or authorised, continue to exercise such powers, who
is or becomes the occupier of a factory or is or becomes directly or indirectly interested
therein or in any process or business carried on therein or in any patent or machinery
connected therewith or is otherwise in the employ of the factory: 3[Provided that the State
Government may, by order in writing and subject to such conditions as may be specified in
the order, exempt any person or class of persons from the provisions of this sub- section in
respect of any factory or class or description of factories.] (4) The certifying surgeon shall
carry out such duties as may be prescribed in connection with- (a) the examination and
certification of young persons under this Act; (b) the examination of persons engaged in
factories in such dangerous occupations or processes as may be prescribed;

(c) the exercising of such medical supervision as may be prescribed for any factory or
class or description of factories where- (i) cases of illness have occurred which it is

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reasonable to believe are due to the nature of the manufacturing process carried on, or other
conditions of work prevailing therein; (ii) by reason of any change in the manufacturing
process carried on or in the substances used therein or by reason of the adoption of any new
manufacturing process or of any new substance for use in a manufacturing process, there is
a likelihood of injury to the health of workers employed in that manufacturing process; (iii)
young persons are, or are about to be, employed in any work which is likely to cause injury
to their health.

WORKING HOURS OF ADULTS 51

. Weekly hours.- No adult worker shall be required or allowed to work in a factory for more
than forty-eight hours in any week.

52. Weekly holidays.- (1) No adult worker shall be required or allowed to work in a
factory on the first day of the week (hereinafter referred to as the said day), unless- (a) he
has or will have a holiday for a whole day on one of the three days immediately before or
after the said day, and (b) the manager of the factory has, before the said day or the
substituted day under clause (a), whichever is earlier,- (i) delivered a notice at the office of
the Inspector of his intention to require the worker to work on the said day and of the day
which is to be substituted, and (ii) displayed a notice to that effect in the factory: Provided
that no substitution shall be made which will result in any worker working for more than
ten days consecutively without a holiday for a whole day. (2) Notices given under sub-
section (1) may be cancelled by a notice delivered at the office of the Inspector and a notice
displayed in the factory not later than the day before the said day or the holiday to be
cancelled, whichever is earlier. (3) Where, in accordance with the provisions of sub-section
(1), any worker works on the said day and has had a holiday on one of the three days
immediately before it, that said day shall, for the purpose of calculating his weekly hours of
work, be included in the preceding week.

Compensatory holidays.- (1) Where, as a result of the passing of an order or the making
of a rule under the provisions of this Act exempting a factory or the workers therein from
the provisions of section 52, a worker is deprived of any of the weekly holidays for which
provision is made in sub-section (1) of that section, he shall be allowed, within the month
in which the holidays were due to him or within the two months immediately following that
month, compensatory holidays of equal number to the holidays so lost. (2) The State
Government may prescribe the manner in which the holidays for which provision is made
in sub-section (1) shall be allowed.

54. Daily hours.- Subject to the provisions of section 51, no adult worker shall be required
or allowed to work in a factory for more than nine hours in any day: 1[Provided that,

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subject to the previous approval of the Chief Inspector, the daily maximum hours specified
in this section may be exceeded in order to facilitate the change of shifts.]

55. Intervals for rest.- 2[(1) 3[The periods of work] of adult workers in a factory each day
shall be so fixed that no period shall exceed five hours and that no worker shall work for
more than five hours before he has had an interval for rest of at half an hour. 1[(2) The
State Government or, subject to the control of the State Government, the Chief Inspector,
may, by written order and for the reasons specified therein, exempt any factory from the
provisions of sub- section (1) so however that the total number of hours worked by a
worker without an interval does not exceed six.]

56. Spread over.- The periods of work of an adult worker in a factory shall be so arranged
that inclusive of his intervals for rest under section 55, they shall not spread over more than
ten and a half hours in any day: Provided that the Chief Inspector may, for reasons to be
specified in writing, increase the 2[spread over upto twelve hours.]

57. Night shifts.- Where a worker in a factory works on a shift which extends beyond
midnight- (a) for the purposes of sections 52 and 53, a holiday for a whole day shall mean
in his case a period of twenty-four consecutive hours beginning when his shift ends; (b)
the following day for him shall be deemed to be the period of twenty-four hours beginning
when such shift ends, and the hours he has worked after midnight shall be counted in the
previous day.

58. Prohibition of overlapping shifts.- (1) Work shall not be carried on in any factory by
means of a system of shifts so arranged that emore than one relay of workers is engaged in
work of the same kind at the same time. 3[(2) The State Government or, subject to the
control of the State Government, the Chief Inspector, may, by written order and for the
reasons specified therein, exempt on such conditions as may be deemed expedient, any
factory or class or description of factories or any department or section of a factory or any
category or description of workers therein from the provisions of sub-section (1).]

59. Extra wages for overtime.- (1) Where a worker works in a factory for more than nine
hours in any day or for more than forty-eight hours in any week, he shall, in respect to
overtime work, be entitled to wages at the rate of twice his ordinary rate of wages. 4[(2)
For the purposes of sub-section (1), “ordinary rate of wages” means the basic wages plus
such allowances, including the cash equivalent of the advantage accruing through the
concessional sale to workers of foodgrains and other articles, as the worker is for the

time being entitled to, but does not include a bonus and wages for overtime work. (3)
Where any workers in a factory are paid on a piece-rate basis, the time rate shall be deemed
to be equivalent to the daily average of their full-time earnings for the days on which they

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actually worked on the same or identical job during the month immediately preceding the
calendar month during which the overtime work was done, and such time rates shall be
deemed to be the ordinary rates of wages of those workers. Provided that in the case of a
worker who has not worked in the immediately preceding calendar month on the same or
identical job, the time rate shall be deemed to be equivalent to the daily average of the
earning of the worker for the days on which he actually worked in the week in which the
overtime work was done. Explanation.-For the purposes of this sub-section, in computing
the earnings for the days on which the worker actually worked such allowances, including
the cash equivalent of the advantage accruing through the concessional sale to workers of
foodgrains and other articles, as the worker is for the time being entitled to, shall be
included but any bonus or wages for overtime work payable in relation to the period with
reference to which the earnings are being computed shall be excluded.] 1[(4) The cash
equivalent of the advantage accruing through the concessional sale to a worker of
foodgrains and other articles shall be computed as often as may be prescribed on the basis
of the maximum quantity of foodgrains and other articles admissible to a standard family.
Explanation 1.-”Standard family” means a family consisting of the worker, his or her
spouse and two children below the age of fourteen years requiring in all three adult
consumption units. Explanation 2.-”Adult consumption unit” means the consumption unit
of a male above the age of fourteen years; and the consumption unit of a female above the
age of fourteen years and that of a child below the age of fourteen years shall be calculated
at the rates of 0.8 and 0.6 respectively of one adult consumption unit. (5) The State
Government may make rules prescribing- (a) the manner in which the cash equivalent of
the advantage accruing through the concessional sale to a worker of foodgrains and other
articles shall be computed; and (b) the registers that shall be maintained in a factory for the
purpose of securing compliance with the provisions of this section.]

60. Restriction on double employment.- No adult worker shall be required or allowed to

work in any factory on any day on which he has already been working in any other factory,
save in such circumstances as may be prescribed.

61. Notice of periods of work for adults.- (1) There shall be displayed and correctly
maintained in every factory in accordance with the provisions of subsection (2) of section
108, a notice of periods of work for adults, showing clearly for every day the periods
during which adult workers may be required to work. (2) The periods shown in the notice
required by sub-section (1) shall be fixed beforehand in accordance with the

following provisions of this section, and shall be such that workers working for those
periods would not be working in contravention of any of the provisions of sections 51, 52,
54 2[55, 56 and 58]. (3) Where all the adult workers in a factory are required to work
during the same periods, the manager of the factory shall fix those period for such workers
generally. (4) Where all the adult workers in a factory are not required to work during the

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same periods, the manager of the factory shall classify them into groupsaccording to the
nature of their work indicating the number of workers in each group. (5) For each group
which is not required to work on a system of shifts, the manager of the factory shall fix the
period during which the group may be required to work. (6) Where any group is required to
work on a system of shifts and the relays are not to be subject to predetermined periodical
changes of shifts, the manager of the factory shall fix the periods during which each relay
of the group may be required to work. (7) Where any group is to work on a system of shifts
and the relays are to be subject to predetermined periodical changes of shifts, the manager
of the factory shall draw up a scheme of shifts where under the periods during which any
relay of the group may be required to work and the relay which will be working at any time
of the day shall be known for any day. (8) The 1[State] Government may prescribe forms
of the notice required by sub-section (1) and the manner in which it shall be maintained. (9)
In the case of a factory beginning work after the commencement of this Act, a copy of the
notice referred to in sub-section (1) shall be sent in duplicate to the Inspector before the day
on which work is begun in the factory. (10) Any proposed change in the system of work in
any factory which will necessitate a change in the notice referred to in sub- section (1) shall
be notified to the inspector in duplicate before the change is made, and except with the
previous sanction of the Inspector, no such change shall be made until one week has
elapsed since the last change.

62. Register of adult workers.- (1) The manager of every factory shall maintain a register
of adult workers, to be available to the Inspector at all times during working hours, or when
any work is being carried on in the factory, showing- (a) the name of each adult worker in
the factory; (b) the nature of his work; (c) the group, if any, in which he is included; (d)
where his group works on shifts, the relay to which he is allotted; and (e) such other
particulars as may be prescribed: Provided that, if the Inspector is of opinion that any
muster roll or register maintained as a part of the routine of a factory gives in respect of any
or all the workers in the factory the particulars required under this section, he may, by order
in writing direct that such muster roll or register shall to the corresponding extent be
maintained in place of, and be treated as, the register of adult workers in that factory.
2[(1A) No adult worker shall be required or allowed to work in any factory unless his name
and other particulars have been entered in the register of adult workers.] (2) The 3[State]
Government may prescribe the form of the register of

adult workers, the manner in which it shall be maintained and the period for which it shall
be preserved.

EMPLOYMENT OF YOUNG PERSONS

67. of employment of young children.-No child who has not completed his fourteenth year
shall be required or allowed to work in any factory.

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 68. Non-adult workers to carry tokens.- A child who has completed his fourteenth year
or an adolescent shall not be required or allowed to work in any factory unless- (a) a
certificate of fitness granted with reference to him under section 69 is in the custody of the
manager of the factory, and (b) such child or adolescent carries while he is at work a token
giving a reference to such certificate.

69. Certificates of fitness.- (1) A certifying surgeon shall, on the application of any young
person or his parent or guardian accompanied by a document signed by a manager of a
factory that such person will be employed therein if certified to be fit for work in a factory,
or on the application of the manager of the factory in which any young person wishes to
work, examine such person and ascertain his fitness for work in a factory. (2) The
certifying surgeon, after examination, may grant to such young person, in the prescribed
form, or may renew- (a) a certificate of fitness to work in a factory as a child, if he is
satisfied that the young person has completed his fourteenth year, that he has attained the
prescribed physical standards and that he is fit for such work; (b) a certificate of fitness to
work in a factory as an adult, if he is satisfied that the young person has completed his
fifteenth year, and is fit for full day's work in a factory: Provided that unless the certifying
surgeon has personal knowledge of the place where the young person proposes to work and
of the manufacturin process in which he will be employed, he shall not grant or renew a
certificate under this sub-section until he has examined such place. (3) A certificate of
fitness granted or renewed under sub-section (2)- (a) shall be valid only for a period of
twelve months from the date thereof; (b) may be made subject to conditions in regard to the
nature of the work in which the young person may be employed, or requiring re-
examination of the young person before the expiry of the period of twelve months. (4) A
certifying surgeon shall revoke any certificate granted or renewed under sub-section (2) if
in his opinion the holder of it is no longer fit to work in the capacity stated therein in a
factory. (5) Where a certifying surgeon refuses to grant or renew a certificate or a
certificate of the kind requested or revokes a certificate, he shall, if so requested by any
person who could have applied for the certificate, or the renewal thereof, state his reasons
in writing for so doing. (6) Where a certificate under this section, with reference to any
young person is granted or renewed subject to such conditions as are referred to in clause
(b) of sub-section (3), the young person shall not be required or allowed to work in any
factory except in accordance with those conditions. (7) Any fee payable for a certificate
under this section shall be paid by the occupier and shall not be recoverable from the young
person, his parents or guardian.

70. Effect of certificate of fitness granted to adolescent.- (1) An adolescent who has been
granted a certificate of fitness to work in a factory as an adult under clause (b) of sub-section (2) of
section 69 and who while at work in a factory carries a token giving reference to the certificate,
shall be deemed to be an adult for all the purposes of Chapters VI and VII; 1[***] 2[(1A) No
female adolescent or male adolescent who has attained the age of seventeen years but who has been

8
granted a certificate of fitness to work in a factory as an adult, shall be required or allowed to work
in any factory except between 6 a.m. and 7 p.m.: Provided that the State Government may, by
notification in the Official Gazette, in respect of any factory or group or class or description of
factories,- (i) vary the limits laid down in this sub-section so, however, that no such section shall
authorise the employment of any female adolescent between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.; (ii) grant
exemption from the provisions of this sub- section in case of serious emergency where national
interest is involved. (2) An adolescent who has not been granted a certificate of fitness to work in a
factory as an adult under the aforesaid clause (b) shall, notwithstanding his age, be deemed to be a
child for all the purposes of this Act.

71. Working hours for children.- (1) No child shall be employed or permitted to work, in any
factory- (a) for more than four and a half hours in any day; (2) The period of work of all children
employed in a factory shall be limited to two shifts which shall not overlap or spread over more
than five hours each; and each child shall be employed in only one of the relays which shall not
except with the previous permission in writing of the Chief Inspector, be changed more frequently
than once in a period of thirty days. (3) The provisions of section 52 shall apply also to child
workers, and no exemption from the provisions of that section may be granted in respect of any
child. (4) No child shall be required or allowed to work in any factory on any day on which he has
already been working in another factory. 2[(5) No female child shall be required or allowed to work
in any factory except between 8 a.m. and 7 p.m.]

72. Notice of periods of work for children.- (1) There shall be displayed and correctly
maintained in every factory in which children are employed in accordance with the provisions of
sub- section (2) of section 108 a notice of periods of work for children, showing clearly for every
day the periods during which children may be required or allowed to work. (2) The periods shown
in the notice required by sub-section (1) shall be fixed beforehand in accordance with the methods
laid down for adult workers in section 61, and shall be such that children working for those periods
would not be in contravention of the provisions of section 71. (3) The provisions of sub-sections
(8), (9) and (10) of section 61 shall apply also to the notice required by sub-section (1) of this
section.

73. Register of child workers.- (1) The manager of every factory in which children are employed
shall maintain a register of child workers, to be available to the Inspector at all times during
working hours or when any work is being carried on in a factory showing- (a) the name of each
child worker in the factory, (b) the nature of his work, (c) the group, if any, in which he is
included, (d) where his group works on shifts, the relay to which he is allotted, and (e) the number
of his certificate of fitness granted under section 69. 3[(1A) No child worker shall be required or
allowed to work in any factory unless his name and other particulars have been entered in the
register of child workers.] (2) The 4[State] Government may prescribe the form of the register of

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child workers, manner in which it shall be maintained and the period for which it shall be
preserved.

74. Hours of work to correspond with notice under section 72 and register under section 73.- No
child shall be employed in any factory otherwise than in accordance with the notice of periods of
work of children displayed in the factory and the entries made before hand against his name in the
register of child workers of the factory.

75. Power to require medical examination.- Where an Inspector is of the opinion- (a) that any
person working in a factory without a certificate of fitness is a young person, or (b) that a young
person working in a factory with a certificate of fitness is no longer fit to work in the capacity
stated therein,- he may serve on the manager of the factory a notice requiring that such person or
young person, as the case may be, shall be, examined by a certifying surgeon, and such person or
young person shall not, if the Inspector so directs, be employed, or permitted to work, in any
factory until he has been so examined and has been granted a certificate of fitness or a fresh
certificate of fitness, as the case may be, under section 69, or has been certified by the certifying
surgeon examining him not to be a young person.

76. Power to make rules.- The 1[State] Government may make rules- (a) prescribing the forms of
certificate of fitness to be granted under section 69, providing for the grant of duplicates in the
event of loss of the original certificates, and fixing the fees which may be charged for such
certificates and renewals thereof and such duplicates; (b) prescribing the physical standards to be
attained by children and adolescents working in factories; (c) regulating the procedure of certifying
surgeons under this Chapter; (d) specifying other duties which certifying surgeons may be required
to perform in connection with the employment of young persons in factories and fixing the fees
which may be charged for such duties and the persons by whom they shall be payable.

77. Certain other provisions of law not barred.-The provisions of this Chapter shall be in addition
to, and not in derogation of, the provisions of the Employment of Children Act, 1938 (26 of 1938)

79. Annual leave with wages.-

(1) Every worker who has worked for a period of 240 days or more in a factory during a
calendar year shall be allowed during the subsequent calendar year leave with wages for a
number of days calculated at the rate of- (i) if an adult, one day for every twenty days of
work performed by him during the previous calendar year; (ii) if a child, one day for every
fifteen days of work performed by him during the previous calendar year. Explanation 1.-
For the purpose of this sub-section- (a) any days of lay-off, by agreement or contract or as
permissible under the standing orders; (b) in the case of a female worker, maternity leave
for any number of days not exceeding twelve weeks; and (c) the leave earned in the year
prior to that in which the leave is enjoyed; shall be deemed to be days on which the worker

10
has worked in a factory for the purpose of computation of the period of 240 days or more,
but he shall not earn leave for these days. Explanation 2.-The leave admissible under this
sub-section shall be exclusive of all holidays whether occurring during or at either end of
the period of leave. (2) A worker whose service commences otherwise than on the first day
of January shall be entitled to leave with wages at the rate laid down in clause (i) or, as the
case may be, clause (ii) of sub-section (1) if he has worked for two-thirds of the total
number of days in the remainder of the calendar year. 2[(3) If a worker is discharged or
dismissed from service or quits his employment or is superannuated or dies while in service,
during the course of the calendar year, he or his heir or nominee, as the case may be, shall
be entitled to wages in lieu of the quantum of leave to which he was entitled immediately
before his discharge, dismissal, quitting of employment, superannuation or death calculated
at the rates specified in sub-section (1), even if he had not worked for the entire period
specified in sub- section (1) or sub-section (2) making him eligible to avail of such leave,
and such payment shall be made- (i) where the worker is discharged or dismissed or quits
employment, before the expiry of the second working day from the date of such discharge,
dismissal or quitting; and (ii) where the worker is superannuated or dies while in service,
before the expiry of two months from the date of such superannuation or death.] (4) In
calculating leave under this section, fraction of leave of half a day or more shall be treated
as one full day's leave, and fraction of less than half a day shall be omitted. (5) If a worker
does not in any one calendar year take the whole of the leave allowed to him under sub-
section (1) (2), as the case may be, any leave not taken by him shall be added to leave to be
allowed to him in the succeeding calendar year: Provided that the total number of days of
leave that may be carried forward to a succeeding year shall not exceed thirty in the case of
an adult or forty in the case of child: Provided further that a worker, who has applied for
leave with wages but has not been given such leave in accordance with any scheme laid
down in subsections (8) and (9) 1[or in contravention of sub-section (10)] shall be entitled
to carry forward the 2[leave refused] without any limit. (6) A worker may at any time apply
in writing to the manager of a

factory not less than fifteen days before the date on which he wishes his leave to begin, to
take all the leave or any portion thereof allowable to him during the calendar year: Provided
that the application shall be made not less than thirty days before the date on which the
worker wishes his leave to begin, if he is employed in public utility service as defined in
clause (n) of section 2 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (14 of 1947): Provided further
that the number of times in which leave may be taken during any year shall not exceed
three. (7) If a worker wants to avail himself of the leave with wages due to him to cover a
period of illness, he shall be granted such leave even if the application for leave is not made
within the time specified in sub-section (6); and in such a case wages as administrative
under section 81 shall be paid not later than fifteen days, or in the case of a public utility
service not later than thirty days from the date of the application for leave. (8) For the

11
purpose of ensuring the continuity of work, the occupier or manager of the factory, in
agreement with the Works Committee of the factory constituted under section 3 of the
Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (14 of 1947) or a similar Committee constituted under any
other Act or if there is no such Works Committee or a similar Committee in the factory in
agreement with the representatives of the workers therein chosen in the prescribed manner,
may lodge with Chief Inspector a scheme in writing whereby the grant of leave allowable
under this section may be regulated. (9) A scheme lodged under sub-section (8) shall be
displayed at some conspicuous and convenient places in the factory and shall be in force for
a period of twelve months from the date on which it comes into force, and may thereafter be
renewed with or without modification for a further period of twelve months at a time, by the
manager in agreement with the Works Committee or a similar Committee, or as the case
may be, in agreement with the representatives of the workers as specified in sub-section (8),
and a notice of renewal shall be sent to the Chief Inspector before it is renewed. (10) An
application for leave which does not contravene the provisions of sub-section (6) shall not
be refused unless refusal is in accordance with the subscheme for the time being in
operation under sub-sections (8) and (9). (11) If the employment of a worker is entitled to
leave under section (1) or sub-section (2) as the case may be, is terminated by the occupier
before he has taken the entire leave to which he is entitled, or if having his applied for and
having not been granted such leave, the worker quits his employment before he has taken
the leave, the occupier of the factory shall pay him the amount payable under section 80 in
respect of the leave not taken, and such payment shall be made, where the employment of
the worker is terminated by the occupier, before the expiry of the second working day after
such termination and where a worker who quits the employment, on or before the next pay
day. (12) The unavailed leave of a worker shall not be taken into consideration in
computing the period of any notice required to be given before discharge or dismissal.

80. Wages during leave period.- (1) For the leave allowed to him under 1[section 78 or
section 79, as the case may be], a worker 2[shall be entitled to wages] at a rate equal to the
daily average of his total full time earnings for the days on which 3[he actually worked]
during the month immediately proceeding his leave, exclusive of any overtime and bonus
but inclusive of dearness allowance and the cash equivalent of the advantage accruing
through the concessional sale to the worker of foodgrains and other articles: 4[Provided that
in the case of a worker who has not worked on any day during the calendar month
immediately preceding his leave, he shall be paid at a rate equal to the daily average of his
total full time earnings for the days on which he actually worked during the last calendar
month proceeding his leave, in which he actually worked, exclusive of any overtime and
bonus but inclusive of dearness allowance and the cash equivalent of the advantage
accruing through the concessional sale to the workers of foodgrains and other articles.] (2)

12
 The cash equivalent of the advantage accruing through the concessional sale to the worker
of foodgrains and other articles shall be computed as often as may be prescribed on the
basis of the maximum quantity of foodgrains and other articles admissible to a standard
family. Explanation 1.- `Standard family' means a family consisting of worker, his or her
spouse and two children below the age of fourteen years requiring in all three adult
consumption units. Explanation 2.-`Adult consumption unit' means the consumption unit of
a male above the age of fourteen years and the consumption unit of a female above the age
of fourteen years and that of a child below the age of fourteen years shall be calculated at
the rates of 0.8 and 0.6 respectively of one adult, consumption unit. (3) The 5[State]
Government may make rules prescribing- 47 (a) the manner in which the cash equivalent of
the advantage accruing through the concessional sale to a worker of foodgrains and other
articles shall be computed; and (b) the registers that shall be maintained in a factory for the
purpose of securing compliance with the provisions of this section.

81. Payment in advance in certain cases.- A worker who has been allowed leave for not less than
four days in the case of adult, and five days in the case of a child shall before his leave begins, be
paid the wages due for the period of the leave allowed.

82. Mode of recovery of unpaid wages.- Any sum required to be paid by an employer under this
Chapter but not paid by him shall be recoverable as delayed wages under the provisions of the
Payment of Wages Act, 1936 (4 of 1936).

83. Power to make rules.- The 1[State] Government may make rules directing managers of
factories to keep registers containing such particulars as may be prescribed and requiring the
registers to be made available for examination by Inspector.

84. Power to exempt factories.- Where the 2[State] Government is satisfied that the leave rules
applicable to workers in a factory provided benefits which in its opinion are not less favourable
than those for which this Chapter makes provisions if may by written order exempt the factory from
all or any of the provisions of this Chapter subject to such conditions as may be specified in the
order.

88. Notice of certain accidents.-

5[(1)] Where in any factory an accident occurs which causes death or which causes any bodily
injury by reason of which the person injured is prevented from working for a period of forty eight
hours or more immediately following the accident or which is of such nature as may be prescribed
in this behalf the manager of the factory shall send notice thereof to such authorities and in such
form and within such time as may be prescribed. 6[(2) Where a notice given under sub-section (1)
relates to an accident causing death, the authority to whom the notice is sent shall make an inquiry
into the occurrence within one month of the receipt of the notice, or if such authority is not the

13
Inspector cause the Inspector to make an inquiry within the said period. (3) The 1[State]
Government may make rules for regulating the procedure at inquiries under this section.]

Notice of certain dangerous occurrences.-Where in a factory any dangerous occurrence of such

nature as may be prescribed occurs, whether causing any bodily injury or disability or not, the
manager of the factory shall sent notice thereof to such authorities, and in such form and within
such time as may be prescribed.]

89. Notice of certain diseases.-(1) Where any worker in a factory contacts any disease specified in
3[the third schedule], the manager of the factory shall send a notice thereof to such authorities, and
in such form and within such time, as may be prescribed. (2) If any medical practitioner attends on
a person who is or has been employed in a factory and who is or is believed by the medical
practitioner to be suffering from any disease specified in 4[the third schedule], the medical
practitioner shall without delay send a report in writing to the office of the Chief Inspector stating-
(a) the name and full postal address of the patient, (b) the disease from which he believes the
patient to be suffering, and (c) the name and address of the factory in which the patient is or was
last employed. (3) Where the report under sub-section (2) is confirmed to the satisfaction of the
Chief Inspector, by the certificate of a certifying surgeon or otherwise, that the person is suffering
from a disease specified in 5[the third schedule], he shall pay to the medical practitioner such fees
as may be prescribed, and the fee so paid shall be recoverable as an arrear of land revenue from the
occupier of the factory in which the person contracted the disease. (4) If any medical practitioner
fails to comply with the provisions of subsection (2), he shall be punishable with fine which may
extend to 6[one thousand rupees]. 7[(5) The Central

Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, add to or alter the Third Schedule and any
such addition or alteration shall have effect as if it had been made by this Act.]

90. Power to direct enquiry into cases of accident or disease.-

(1) The 8[State] Government may, if it considers it expedient so to do, appoint a competent person
to inquire into the causes of any accident occurring in a factory or into any case where a disease
specified in the 9[third] Schedule has been or is suspected to have been contracted in a factory, and
may also appointone or more persons possessing legal or special knowledge to act an assessors in
such inquiry. (2) The person appointed to hold an inquiry under this section shall have all the
powers of Civil Court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (V of 1908), for the purposes of
enforcing the attendance of witnesses and compelling the production of documents and material
objects, and may also, so far as may be necessary for the purposes of the inquiry, exercise any of
the powers of an Inspector under this Act, and every person required by the person making the

14
inquiry to furnish any information shall be deemed to be legally bound so to do within the meaning
of section 176 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860). (3) The person holding an inquiry under this
section shall make a report to the 1[State] Government stating the causes of the accident, or as the
case may be, disease, and any attendant circumstances, and adding any observations which he or
any of the assessors may think fit to make. (4) The 2[State] Government may, if it thinks fit, cause
to be published any report made under this section or any extracts therefrom. (5) The 3[State]
Government may make rules for regulating the procedure at inquiries under this section.

Kerala factories act 1957

Application for registration and grant of licence.

The occupier of every factory shall submit to Chief Inspector or the Deputy Chief Inspector
an application for registration and grant of licence and notice of occupation,
Grant of licence. –
(1) A licence for a factory may be granted by the Chief Inspector or the Deputy Chief
Inspector in Form No.4, on an application made in the prescribed Form No. 2 and on
payment of the fees specified in Appendix I Provided that subject to the provision of sub-
section (3) of section 6 of the Act the Chief Inspector or the Deputy Chief Inspector may
refuse to register a factory and grant of licence for the following reasons and communicate
such decisions in writing to the occupier.
(a)The plans of the factory are not approved under rules made in this behalf.
(b)The requirements under sub-rule (7) of rule 3 or are not satisfied
(c)There is imminent danger to human life due to the presence of explosive or inflammable
dust, gas, fumes or mixture beyond permissible level and effective measures are not taken to
remove such danger
(d)There is imminent danger to human life due to the building or the entrances thereto or
exists there from is in a dangerous or structurally unsound condition and effective measures
are not taken to remove the danger, and.

15
 (e) Such other reasons, as may be recorded in this behalf. (2) Every licence granted under
this Chapter shall remain in force up to the 31st of December of the year for which the
licence is granted. (3) No manufacturing process shall be carried on in any factory without
a licence having been granted by the Chief Inspector or the Deputy Chief Inspector and is in
force for the time being. (4) The licence granted to a factory under this rule, shall be readily
available in the factory for inspection by the Inspectors and Additional Inspectors appointed
under section 8 of the Act

Powers of Inspectors.-

An Inspector shall, for the purpose of the execution of the Act, have power of do all or any
of the following things, that is to say-

(a) to photograph any worker, to inspect, examine, measure, copy, photograph, sketch or
test as the case may be, any building or room, any plant, machinery appliance or apparatus,
any register or document or anything provided for the purpose of securing the health, safety
or welfare of the workers employed in a factory;

(b) in the case of an Inspector who is a duly qualified medical practitioner, to carry out
such medical examinations as may be necessary for the purpose of his duties under the Act ;
(c) to prosecute, conduct or defend before a court any complaint or other proceeding arising
under the Act, or in discharge of his duties as an Inspector.

Duties of certifying Surgeon.

(1) For purposes of the examination and certification of young persons who wish to obtain
certificates of fitness, the Certifying Surgeon shall arrange a suitable time and place for the
attendance of such persons, and shall give pervious notice in writing of such arrangements
to the managers of the factories situated within the local limits assigned to him.

(2) The Certifying Surgeon shall issue his certificates in Form No.5. The foil and
counterfoil shall be filled in and the left thumb mark of the person in whose name the
certificate is granted shall be taken on them. On being satisfied as to the correctness of the
entries made therein and of the fitness of the person examined he shall sign the foil and
initial the counterfoil and shall deliver the foil to the person in whose name the certificate is
granted. The foil so delivered shall be the certificate of fitness granted under section 69. All
counterfoils shall be kept by the Certificating Surgeon for a period of at least 2 years after
the issue of the certificate.

16
 Working hour, holidays, intervals or rest etc. –
1. Hours of work - (adults) Sections 51 and 54. No adult worker shall be
required, or allowed, to work in a factory for more than 48 hours in any week and
for more than 9 hours in any day
2 .Payment for overtime:- Section 59, where a worker works in a factory for more
than 9 hours in any day or for more than 48 hours in any week, he shall, in respect
of overtime work, be entitled to wages at the rate of twice this ordinary rate of
wages.
3. Exemption of supervising staff: - Section 64, Chapter VI of the Act-working
hours of adult-does not applies to persons holding positions of supervision or
management of employed in a confidential position in a factory.
4 .Weekly holiday: - (Adults) Sections 52 and 53. No adult worker shall be
required or allowed to work in a factory on the first day of the week.

HEALTH
1. Cleanliness - section 11. Except in cases specially exempted all inside wall and
partitions, all ceiling or tops of rooms and all walls, sides and tops of passages and
staircases in a factory shall be kept painted otherwise than with washable water
paint or varnished, be re-painted or re-varnished at least once in every period of
five years where they are painted with washable water paint be repainted with at
least one coat of such paint at least once in every period of 3 years and washed at
least once in every period of six months and where they are painted varnished or
where they have smooth impervious surfaces, be claimed at least once in every
period of fourteen months by such method as may be prescribed. The while
washing or colour washing shall be carried out at least once in every week by
washing, using disinfectant, where necessary or by some other effective method.
2. Disposal of waste and Effluents - Section 12. Effective arrangements shall be made
in every factory for the treatment of wastes and effluents due to the manufacturing
process carried on therein, so as to render them innocuous and for their disposal.

SAFETY
1. Fencing of machinery - Section 21. In every factory dangerous parts of
machines e.g. ever moving part of a prime mover and every fly wheel connected
to a prime mover, etc., etc. shall be securely fenced by Safeguards of substantial
construction which shall be constantly maintained and kept in position while the
parts of machinery they are fencing are in motion or in use.

17
 2. Work on or near machinery in motion - Section 22. No woman or child shall
be allowed in any factory to clean, lubricate or adjust any part of the machinery
while the parts in motion, or to work between moving parts or between fixed and
moving parts of any Machinery which is in motion.
3. Employment of young persons on dangerous machinery - Section 23. No
young person shall work at any machine declared to be dangerous unless he has
been fully instructed as to the dangers arising in connection with machines and
the precaution to be observed and has received sufficient training in work at the
machine or is under adequate supervision by a person who has thorough
knowledge and experience of the machine.
4. A. Excessive weights - Section 34 and Rules. No woman or young person shall
unaided by another person, lift carry or move by hand or on head, any material,
article, tool or appliance exceeding the maximum limit it in weight set out below.
Adult male 75 Kg. Adult female 30 Kg. Adolescent male 30 Kg. Adolescent
female 20 Kg. Male child 16 Kg. Female child 13 Kg.

WELFARE
1. Washing facilities - Section 42. In every factory adequate and suitable facilities
for washing shall be provided and maintained for the use of workers therein such
facilities shall include soap and nail brushes or other suitable means of cleaning
and the facilities shall be conveniently accessible and shall be kept in a clean and
orderly condition.
2. Facilities for sitting - Section 44. In every factory suitable arrangements for
sitting shall be provided and maintained for all workers obliged to work in a
standing position in order that they may take advantage of any opportunities for
rest which may occur in the course of their work.
3. Shelters, rest rooms and lunch rooms - Section 47. In every factory wherein
more than 150 workers are ordinarily employed, adequate and suitable shelter or
rest rooms and a suitable lunch room, with provision for drinking water, where
workers can eat meals brought by them shall be provSided and maintained for the
use of the workers.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS
1. Dangerous Operations- Section 87 and rules. Employment of women,
adolescents and children is prohibited or restricted in certain operations declared
to be dangerous eg. Manufacture of aerated water, electroplating, manufacture
and repair of electric accumulators, glass manufacture, grinding or glazing of
metals, manufacture and treatment of lead and certain compounds of lead,
generating petrol gas from petrol, sand blasting and liming and tanning of raw
hides and skins, extraction of cashew shell oil, roasting and shelling of

18
cashewnuts, certain operations in coir and fibre factories, cellulose spraying,
graphite powdering, certain lead processes in printing processes and type
foundries, manufacture or manipulation of acricinogenic dye intermediates,
manganese and its compounds, dangerous pesticides, handling and use benzene
and process of extracting oils and fats from vegetable and animal sources in
solvent extraction plants.
2. No charge for facilities and conveniences - Section 114. No fee or charge shall
be realised from any worker in respect of any arrangements or facilities to be
provided or any equipments or appliances to be supplied by the occupier under
the provisions of the Act.
3. Powers of Inspectors - Section 9 and 82. Inspectors have power to inspect
factories at any time and may require the production of registers, certificates, etc.
prescribed under the Act and the Rules. Any Inspector may institute proceedings
on behalf of any worker to recover any sum required to be paid by an employer
under the provisions relating to leave with wages, which the employer has not
paid..

19
 Maharastra factory act

Application for registration and grant of licence –

(1) The occupier or manager of every factory coming within this scope of this Act after its
commencement shall submit to the Chief Inspector an

application in triplicate in Form 2 for the registration of the factory accompanied by an application
in Form 3 for the 9[grant of licence therefor for a period not exceeding 10[ten years]10;

Provided that the occupier or manager of a place to which the provisions of the Act are made
applicable by a notification under section 85 of the Act shall submit an application within 30 days
of the date of that notification.

(2) Every such application shall be accompanied by a treasury receipt or a cheque or by an Indian
Postal Order or an invoice for book adjustment, as the case may be, for payment of the fees
prescribed for the purpose as specified by the 11[Schedule below as applicable]11 12[with effect
from the ast January 13[1998]13;-

Appointment of Inspectors –

No person shall be appointed as Inspector for the purposes of the Act, unless he possesses the
qualification prescribed for such Inspectors in the Bombay Civil Services Classification and
Recruitment Rules at the time of his appointment.

20
Powers of Inspectors - An Inspector shall, for the purpose of the execution of the Act, have power
to do all or any of the following things that is to say:-

(a) to photograph any worker, to inspect, examine, measure, copy, photograph, sketch or test, as the
case may be, any building or room, any plant, machinery, appliance or apparatus; any register or
document or anything provided for the purpose of securing the health, safety or welfare of the
workers employed in the factory;

(b) in the case of a Inspector who is duly qualified medical practitioner to carry out such medical
examinations as may be necessary for the purposes of his duties under the Act;

(c) to prosecute, conduct or defend before a Court any complaint, or other proceeding arising under
the Act or in discharge of his duties as an Inspector:

Provided that the powers of the District Magistrates and such other public officers as are appointed
to be Additional Inspectors shall, unless otherwise expressly provided in the

notification under subsection (5) of section 8, be limited to the inspection of factories in respect of
the following matters, namely:-

Cleanliness (section II), Over-crowding (section 16), Lighting, (section 17), Drinking water
(section 18), latrines and urinals (Section 19), Spitoons (section 20), Precautions in the case of fire
(section 38), Welfare (Chapter V), Working hours of adults (Chapter VI-except the power of
exemption under the proviso to section 62), Employment of young persons (Chapter VII), Leave
with wages (Chapter VIM) and Display of Notice (section 108):

Provided further that-

(i) the District Magistrate shall not pass any original orders or remarks under sections 11,17 and 38
of the Act but shall limit and confine his orders or remarks under those sections to the points to
which the full-time Inspector of factories had already directed the attention of manager or occupier
of the factory, as the case may be,

(ii) all Additional Inspectors except District Magistrates shall report the defects found and remedies
suggested for enforcing compliance with requirements of sections referred to above, to the Chief
Inspector who shall pass final orders in each case.

Duties of Certifying Surgeon –

(1) For purposes of the examination and certification of young persons who wish to obtain
certificates of fitness, the Certifying Surgeon shall arrange a suitable time and place for the

21
attendance of such persons, and shall give previous notice in writing of such arrangements to the
managers of factories situated within the local limits assigned to him.

(2) The Certifying Surgeon shall issue his certificates in Form 6. The foil and counterfoil shall be
filled in and the left thumb-mark of the person in whose name the certificate is granted shall be
taken on them. On being satisfied as to the correctness of the entries made therein and on the fitness
of the person examined he shall sign the foil and initial the counterfoil and shall deliver the foil to
the person in whose name the certificate is granted. The foil so delivered shall be the certificate of
fitness granted under section 69. All counterfoils shall be kept by the Certifying Surgeon for a
period of at least two years after the issue of the certificate.

(3) If a certificate of fitness issued to a young person is lost, on receipt of application for the grant
of duplicate, the Certifying Surgeon, after making such inquiries as he deems fit, may grant a
duplicate thereof. Such application shall be forwarded through the occupier of the factory where the
young person is employed.

(4) (a) 46[A fee of rupees ten]46 shall be payable for the issue of every certificate of fitness issued
under sub-rule (2) and shall be paid by the occupier.

(b) 47[A fee of rupees two]47 shall be payable for the issue of every duplicate of a certificate
issued under sub-rule (2) and shall be paid by the occupier.

(5) The Certifying Surgeon shall, upon request by the Chief Inspector, carry out such examination
and furnish him with such report as he may indicate for any factory or class or description of
factories where-

(a) cases of illness have occurred which it is reasonable to believe are due to the nature of the
manufacturing process carried on, or other conditions of work prevailing therein, or

(b) by reason of any change in the manufacturing process carried or in the substances used therein,
or by reason of the adoption of any new manufacturing process or of any new substance for use in a
manufacturing process, there is a likelihood of injury to the health of workers employed in that
manufacturing process, or

(c) young persons are, or are about to be employed in any work which is likely to cause injury to
their health.

(6) For the purpose of the examination of persons employed in processes covered by the Rules
relating to dangerous operations, the Certifying Surgeon shall visit the factories within the local
limits assigned to him at such intervals as are prescribed by the Rules relating to such dangerous
operations.

22
(7) At such visits the Certifying Surgeon shall examine the persons employed in such processes and
shall record the result of his examination in a register known as the Health Register in Form 7
which shall be kept by the factory manager and produced to the Certifying Surgeon at each visit.

(8) If the Certifying Surgeon finds as a result of his examination that any person employed in such
process in no longer fit for medical reasons to work in that process, he shall suspend such person
from working in that process for such time as he may think fit and no person after suspension shall
be employed in that process without the written sanction of the Certifying Surgeon in the Health
Register.

(9) The manager of a factory shall afford to the Certifying Surgeon facilities to inspect any process
in which

Working Hours of Adults Rule prescribed under sub-section (2) of section 53

Compensatory holidays - (1) Except in the case of worker engaged in any work which for
technical reasons must be carried on continuously throughout the day, the compensatory holidays to
be allowed under sub-section (1) of section 53 shall be so spaced that not more than two holidays
are

given in one week.

(2) The manager of the factory shall display, on or before the end of the month in which holidays
are lost, a notice in respect of workers allowed compensatory holidays during the following month
and of the dates thereof, at the place at which the Notice of Periods of Work prescribed under
section 61 is displayed. Any subsequent change in the notice in respect of any compensatory
holiday shall be not less than three days in advance of the date of that holiday. 92[The notices in
respect of workers allowed the compensatory holidays shall be preserved for a period of one year
and shall be produced before the Inspector on demand.]92

(3) Any compensatory holiday or holidays to which a worker is entitled shall be given to him
before he is discharged or dismissed and shall not be reckoned as part of any period of notice
required to be given before discharge or dismissal.

(5) The register maintained under clause (a) shall be preserved for a period of three years after the
last entry in it shall be produced before the Inspector on demand.

23
Rule prescribed under sub-section (2) of section 58 and section 112

94. Factories exempted under section 58 - (1) The printing presses attached to the newspaper
offices shall be exempted from the provisions of sub-section (1) of section 58, subject to the
following conditions, namely:-

In such printing press-

(i) the workers of each relay shall bear a badge of distinct colour which will identify the worker of
one relay from that of the other;

(ii) the colour of the badge to be worn by the workers of each relay shall be specified in the notice
of periods of work required to be displayed and correctly maintained under sub- section (1) of
section 61 and in the copies of the notice to be sent to the Inspector under sub-sections (9) and (10)
of the said section:

(iii) a flag or light having the same colour as that of the badge to be worn by the workers of any
relay actually at work, shall be displayed during the time of actual working of one or more relays in
the department concerned;

(iv) each worker engaged in the work carried on by means of overlapping shifts shall be in
possession of an identity card. The identity card shall be supplied to the worker by the factory
management free of cost and shall bear the photograph of the worker, his full name, signature or
thumb impression and visible identification mark and the signature of the manager.

(2) The Central Railway Locomotive Workshop, Parel, shall be exempted from the provisions of
subsection (1) of section 58.

Muster-roll prescribed under sub-section (5) of Section 59

Overtime slips - Any work done by a worker beyond the normal specified period of work shall be
entered in the overtime slips in duplicate indicating therein the actual period of overtime worked by
him. A copy of such overtime slip duly signed by the manager or by a person duly authorised by
him

in that behalf, shall be given to the worker immediately after completion of the overtime work:

Provided that if the Chief Inspector is satisfied that because of the nature of work carried out in the
factory, it is not possible to issue daily slips to the workers, he may permit issue of weekly slips.

Rule prescribed under section 60

Double employment of workers - (a) The Inspector may sanction the employment of adult
workers in more than one factory on the same day if he is satisfied that such adult worker is

24
allowed to work not more than forty eight hours in a week and is allowed weekly holidays as per
section 52.

(b) A note under the initials of the inspector shall be made in the remarks column of a Register of
such workers permitted to work in more than one factory.

Exemption of certain adult workers –

Adult workers engaged in factories specified in column 2 of the Schedule hereto annexed, on the
work specified in column 4 of the said Schedule shall be exempted from the provisions of the
section specified in column 5 thereof subject to the conditions,

if any, specified in column 6 of the said Schedule; and also subject to the following conditions,
namely:-

(i) no woman worker shall be required or allowed to work for more than nine hours in any day;

(ii) except in respect of exemption under clause (a) of sub-section (2) of section 61 the following
limits of work inclusive of overtime shall be observed, namely:-

(a) the total number of hours of work in any day shall not exceed ten;

(b) the spreadover, inclusive of intervals for rest, shall not exceed twelve hours in any one day;

(c) the total number of hours in week, including overtime shall not exceed sixty; and

(d) the total number of hours of overtime shall not exceed fifty for any one quarter:

Provided that, the limits imposed by sub-clauses (a) and (b) of this clause shall not apply in the case
of a shift worker engaged in factories specified against category and No.X(1) to (39) in the
Schedule if the said worker is allowed to work the whole or part of the subsequent shift in the
absence of a worker who has failed to report for duty.

Leave with Wages Register –

(1) The manager shall keep a Register in Form 20 hereinafter called the Leave with Wages
Register:

Provided that if the Chief Inspector is of the opinion that any muster roll or register maintained as
part of the routine of the factory, or return made by the manager, gives in respect of any or all of
the workers in the factory, the particulars required for the enforcement of Chapter VIM of the Act,
he may, by order in writing, direct that such Muster roll or register or return shall, to the

25
corresponding extent, be maintained in place of and be treated as the register or return required
under this Rule in respect of that factory.

(2) The Leave with Wages Register shall be preserved for a period of three years after the last entry
in it and shall be produced before the Inspector on demand.

SAFETY

1. Drawing Frame - The gearing for driving the draft rollers on drawing frames shall be
effectively guarded by a cover which shall be so interlocked that it cannot be raised until
the machine is stopped and the machine cannot be restarted until the cover is closed.
2. Speed Frames - Headstocks shall be fitted with automatic locking arrangements which
shall prevent the doors giving access to the jack box wheels being opened while the
machinery is in motion and shall render it impossible to restart the machine until the floors
are closed.

3. Combers and similar machines –

(a) The gearing shall be effectively guarded by a cover which shall be so
interlocked that it cannot be raised until the machine is stopped and the machine
cannot be restarted until the cover is closed.
(b) A fixed guard of a suitable design shall be provided which would prevent
access to the draw box rollers in motion.
4. Self-acting Mules - The drive shall be from countershaft which shall be
provided with fast and loose pulleys and efficient belt shifting devices.
5. Process House Machinery etc. –
(a) In respect of calendaring mangles Roller Printing Machine merciring, soaping,
stentering, singeing, shrinking, washing and similar machines, all such machines shall be

26
provided with an efficient nip guard along the whole length on the intake side of each pair
of bowls and similar parts, as would prevent access to the point of contact of the rollers or
bowls: Provided that, in the case of those machines in respect of which it is not possible to
provide efficient "nip" guards on account of the corrosive action of chemical used in the
process or on account of the size of the material passing through the bowls, efficient fixed
guards shall be provided on either side of the machines as would positively prevent any
access to the point of contact of the rollers or bowls: Provided further that in respect of
rollers or bowls of such machines with ends of lesser diameter, the "nip" guards shall have
flattened ends on either side to prevent access between the guard and the roller or bowl
ends moving in.
(b) In respect of felt calendering machines or any type, dangerous intake points between
moving felt or belt and the central or other guide drums shall be securely fenced from the
front and also from the sides, of such intake points as are accessible from working floors
or platforms.

6. Shearing and Cropping Machines - The dangerous moving outer blades shall be
provided with an efficient interlock arrangement as would prevent the complete cover or
guard to be opened until the cutter blade has come to rest and would also make it
impossible to restart the machine until the cover or guard is closed.

7. Singeing Machines - Effective arrangement such as solenoid valve or other effective

device shall be provided to cut off instantaneously supply of any type of gas or of
electricity to the machine, in case of failure of power to the machine

Cotton Ginning Machinery

1. Line Shaft - The line shaft or second motion in cotton ginning factories when below
floor level, shall be completely enclosed by a continuous wall or unclimbable fencing with
only so many openings as are necessary for access to the shaft for removing cotton seed,
cleaning and oiling, and such openings shall be provided with gates or doors, which shall
be kept closed and locked.
2. The bare portions of the line shaft between the bearings and also of the projection at the
ends of the line shaft shall be provided with adequate inverted "U" or sleeve type of guards
of substantial construction.
3. Stopping and starting device - An efficient stopping and starting device shall be
provided on every wood-working machine. The control of this device shall be in such a
position as to be readily and conveniently operated by the person in charge of the machine.
4. Space around machine - The space surrounding every wood-working machine in motion
shall be kept free from obstruction.
5. Floor - The floor surrounding every wood-working machine shall be maintained in
good and level condition and shall not be allowed to become slippery and as far as
practicable shall be kept free from chips or other loose material.

27
 6. Training and supervision –
(1) No person shall be employed at a wood-working machine unless he has been
sufficiently trained to work that class of machine or unless he works under the adequate
supervision of a person who has a thorough knowledge of the working of the machine.
(2) A person who is being trained to work a wood-working machine shall be fully and
carefully instructed to the danger of the machine and the precautions to be observed to
secure safe working of the machine.

Tamil Nadu factories act

Registration and grant of licence for a factory

(1) No premises shall be used as factory nor any manufacturing process carried on in
any factory except under, and in accordance with, the registration and licence
granted under these rules.

(2) An application for the registration of a factory and grant of a licence to it shall he
submittedtotheChiefInspectorinFormNo.2intriplicate.

(3) The fees payable for the registration and grant of a licence to a factory shall be as
specified in the schedule hereto. The application in Form No. 2 shall be
accompanied 22[by a 23[treasury receipt or by crossed demand draft) drawn in any
branch of a Nationalized Bank in favour of the Deputy Chief Inspector of Factories
of the region] evidencing payment of the appropriate fee specified in the schedule
hereto.

(4) Every application received by the Chief Inspector shall be registered in Form No. 3

(5) No licence shall be granted until the notice specified in section 7 has been received
intriplicateinFormNo.2bytheChiefInspector.

(6) If the Chief Inspector is satisfied that the registration and licence may be granted, such
registration and licence shall be issued in Form No. 4:
Provided that the Chief Inspector may call for such other particulars as he may require
before registration or grant of such licence:

28
 Provided further that the Chief Inspector may register and grant license subject to such conditions as he
may consider necessary and which shallbe specified in the licence.

([The Occupier of a factory may opt to remit the licence fees for obtaining initial licence
or renewal of licence for a period up to five consecutive calendar years, instead of
getting it renewed for every calendar year. Occupier shall make a specific request
in Form No. 2 indicating the number of years for which licence is sought for. In
such cases the fees payable for the grant or renewal of licence to a factory shall be
proportionate to the annual fees as per the Schedule multiplied by the number of
years for which the licence is sought for.]

29
 THE INSPECTING STAFF

Appointment of Inspectors

(1) No person shall be appointed as Inspector for the purposes of the Act, unless he
possesses the qualifications prescribed for such Inspectors in the Special Rules for the
Tamil Nadu Factory Service at the time of his appointment.

(2) No person shall be appointed as Medical Inspector unless he possesses a degree in the
branch ofMedicine:

Providedthatpreferenceshall begiven in thecaseof appointmenttothepostofMedical Inspector

to a person who possesses the experience in a public hospital or factory medical
departmentforaperiodofnotlessthantwoyearsoradiplomainIndustrialMedicine.

(3) Where for particular post specialized knowledge to deal with special problems is
required, theStateGovernment may, in addition to thequalifications mentioned in sub-
rule (1) specify such other qualifications for such post as they deem fit.]

13A. Powers of Inspectors

AnInspector shall,forthepurposeoftheexecutionoftheAct,havepower todoallorany

ofthefollowingthings,thatistosay

(a) to photograph any worker, to inspect, examine, measure, copy, photograph, sketch or
test, as the case may be, any building or room, any plant, machinery, appliance or
apparatus any register or document or anything provided for the purpose of
securingthehealth,safetyorwelfareoftheworkersemployedinafactory;

30
 64
[(aa)] to seize or take copies of such registers/records or other documents or portions thereof,
as he may consider relevant in respect of an offence under this Act, which he has
reason to believe has been com-mitted by the occupier or the manager ;)

(b) in the case of an Inspector who is a duly qualified medical practitioner, to carry out
such medical examinations as may be necessary for the purposes of his duties under
the Act;

(c) to prosecute, conduct or defend before a Court any complaint or other proceeding
arising under the Act or in discharge of his duties as an Inspector :

Duties of Certifying Surgeon

(1) For purposes of the examination and certification of young persons who wish to
obtain certificates of fitness, the Certifying Surgeon shall arrange a suitable time and
placefortheattendanceofsuchpersons,andshallgivepreviousnoticeinwritingof such
arrangement to the managers of factories situated within the local limits
assignedtohim.

(2) The Certifying Surgeon shall issue his certificates in Form No. 5. The foil and
counterfoil shall be filled in and the left thumb mark of the person in whose name the
certificate is granted shall be taken on them. On being satisfied as to the
correctnessoftheentriesmadethereinandofthefitnessofthepersonexamined,

31
 he shall sign the foil and initial the counterfoil and shall deliver the foil to the person
inwhosenamethecertificateisgranted.Thefoilsodeliveredshallbethecertificate of fitness
panted under section 69. All counterfoils shall be kept by the Certifying
Surgeonforaperiodofatleasttwoyearsaftertheissueofthecertificate.

(3) The Certifying Surgeon shall, upon request by the Chief Inspector, carry out such
examinationand furnishhim with suchreport ashe may indicate, forany factory or class
or description of factories where

(a) cases of illness have occurred which it is reasonable to believe are due to
thenature of the manufacturing process carried on, or other conditions
ofworkprevailingtherein,or

(b) by reason of any change in the manufacturing process carried on, or in the
substances used therein, or by reason of the adoption of any new
manufacturing process or of any new substance for use in a manufacturing
process, there is likelihood of injury to the health of workers employed in
that manufacturing process, or

(c) young persons are, or are about to be, employed in any work which is
likelytocauseinjurytotheirhealth.

(4) For the purpose of the examination of persons employed in processes covered by the
rules relating to dangerous operations, the Certifying Surgeon shall visit the factories
within the local limits assigned to him at such intervals as are prescribed by the rules
relating to such dangerous operations.
65
(5) [At such visits, the Certifying Surgeon after examining a worker shall issue a
certificate of fitness in Form 27. The record of examination and re-examinations
carried out shall be kept in custody of the Manager of the factory. The record of each
examination carried out under sub-rules (I) and (2) including the nature and the results
of the tests, shall also be entered by the Certifying Surgeon in a Health Register in
Form No. 17].

(6) If the Certifying Surgeon finds as a result of his examination that any person
employed in such process is no longer fit for medical reasons to work in that process,
he shall suspend such person from working in that process, for such time as he may
think fit and no person after suspension shall be employed in that process without the
written sanction of the Certifying Surgeon in the Health Register.

32
 (7) The manager of a factory shall afford to the Certifying Surgeon. Facilities to inspect
any process in which any person is employed or is likely to be employed.

The manager of a factory shall provide for the purpose of any medical examination which the
Certifying Surgeon wishes so 'conduct at the factory (for his exclusive use on the occasion of an
examination) a room which shall be properly cleaned and adequately ventilated and lighted and
furnished with a screen,a table (with writing materials)and chairs

HEALTH

[Cleanliness of walls and ceilings

(1) The provision of clause (d) of sub-section (I) of section I of the Act shall not apply to
the classes of factories or descriptions of factories or parts thereof specified in the
Schedule below:

Provided that they are kept in a clean state by washing, sweeping, brushing, dusting,
vacuum-cleaningor other effectivemeans:

Provided further that the said clause (d) shall continue to apply

(i) in respect of factories or parts of factories specified in Part A of the schedule, to

workrooms in which the amount of cubic space allowed for every person
employedintheroomislessthan500cubicfeet;

(ii) in respect of factories or parts of factories specified in Part B of the schedule, to

workrooms in which the amount of cubic space allowed for every person
employedintheroomislessthan2,500cubicfeet;

(iii) to engine houses, fitting shops, lunch rooms, canteens, shelters, crèches, cloak
rooms, rest rooms, andwash places;and

(iv) to such parts of walls, sides and tops of passages and staircases as are less
than20feetabovethefloororstair.]

(2) If it appears to the Chief Inspector that any part of a factory, to which by virtue of
sub-rule(I)anyoftheprovisionsofthesaidclause(d)donotapply,isnotbeingkept in a clean
state, he may by written notice require the occupier to whitewash or colour wash,
wash, paint or varnish the same, and in the event of the occupier failing to comply

33
 with such requisition within two months from the date of the notice, sub-rule (I) shall
cease to apply to such part of a factory, unless the Chief Inspector otherwise
determines.
67
[THE SCHEDULE

(1) Blast furnaces.

(2) Brick and tile works in which unglazed bricks or tiles are made.

(3) Cement works.

(4) Chemical works.

(5) Copper mills.

(6) Gas works.

(7) Iron and steel mills.

(8) Stone,slate andmarbleworks.

(9) The following parts of factories:

34
 (a) Rooms used only for the storage of articles.

(b) Roomsinwhichthewalkofceilingsconsistofgalvanizediron,glazedbricks. glass,

slate, asbestos, bamboo thatch.

(c) Parts in which dense steam is continuously evolved in the process.

(d) Parts in which pitch, tar or like material is menu-factored or is used to a

substantial extent, except in brush works. The parts of a glass factory known as
the glass house. Rooms in which graphite is manufactured or is used to a
substantialextentin any process.

(e) Parts in which coal, coke, oxide of iron, ochre, lime or stone is crushed or
ground.

(f) Parts of walls, partitions, ceilings or tops of rooms which are at least 20 feet
above the floor.

(g) Ceiling or tops of rooms in print works bleach works or dye works. with the
exception of finishing rooms or warehouses.

(h) Insidewallsofoilmillsbelowaheightof5feetfromthegroundfloorlevel.

(i) Inside walls in tanneries below a height of 5 feet from the ground floor level
where a wet process is carried on.

Part B

(1) Coach and motor body work.

(2) Electric generating or transforming stations.

(3) Engineering works.

(4) Factories in which sugar is refined or manufactured.

(5) Foundries other than foundries in which brass casting is carried on.

(6) Gun factories.

(7) Shipbuilding works.

35
 (8) Those parts of factories where unpainted or unvarnished wood is manufactured.]

16. Recordofwhitewashing,etc.

Therecordofdatesonwhichwhitewashing,colour-washing,varnishing,arecarriedout shall be
entered in a register maintained in Form No. 7.

68
17. [Disposaloftradewastes andeffluents

In every factory, effective arrangements shall be made for the treatment of wastes and
effluents due to the manufacturing processes carried on therein and the arrangements so
made shall be in accordance with those approved by the relevant authorities of Tamil Nadu
Pollution Control Board appointed under the Water (Prevention and Control of

36
 Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and the
authorities of Department ofEnvironment.)

17A Ventilation and temperature

1. Limits of temperature and air movement

In any factory the maximum wet bulb temperature of air in a workroom at a height of
1.5 meters (5 feet) above the floor level shall not exceed 30°C (86F) and adequate air
movement of at least 30 meters per minute (100 feet per minute) shall be provided ;
and in relation to dry bulb temperature the wet bulb temperature in the workroom at
the said height shall not exceed that shown in the Schedule, or as regards a dry bulb
reading intermediate between the two dry bulb readings that
specifiedinrelationtothehigherofthesetwodrybulbreadings.

WORKING HOURS OF ADULTS

Compensatory holidays

(1) Except in the case of workers engaged in any work which for technical reasons must
be carried on continuously throughout the day, the compensatory holidays to be
allowed sub-section (1) of section 52 of the Act shall be so spaced that not more than
two holidays are given in one week.

37
 (2) TheManagerofthefactoryshalldisplay,onorbeforetheendofthemonthin which holidays
are lost, a notice in respect of workers allowed compensatory holidays during the
following month and of the dates thereof, at the place at which the Notice of Periods
of Work prescribed under section 61 is displayed. Any subsequent
changeinthenoticeinrespectofanycompensatoryholidayshallbemadenotless
thanthreedaysinadvanceofthedateofthatholiday

(3) Anycompensatoryholidayorholidaystowhichaworkerisentitledshallbegivento him

before he is discharged or dismissed and shall not be reckoned as part of any period of
notice required to be given before discharge or dismissal.

(4)

162
(a) [The Manager shall maintain the details of compensatory holidays in the
Muster Roll in Form No.25

(b) The register maintained under clause (a) shall be preserved for a period of
threeyearsafterthelastentryinitandshallbeproducedbeforetheInspector ondemand.

78. Muster-roll for exempted factories

TheManagerofeveryfactoryinwhichworkersareexemptedundersubsection64or65 from the

provisions of section 51 or 54 shall keep a muster-roll in Form No. 10 showing thenormal
piece-work rateof pay or therate ofpay per hour of all exempted employees. In this muster-
roll shall be correctly entered the overtime hours of work and payments
thereforofallexemptedworkers. Theraster-rollinFormNo. 10shallalwaysbeavailable for
inspection.

78A. Method of calculating cash equivalent on account of concessional sale of food grains
andotherarticles

(i) The cash equivalent of the advantage accruingthrough theconcessional sale toa
workeroffoodgrainsandotherarticlesshallbecomputedattheendofeverywage period
fixed under the provisions of the Payment of Wages Act, 1936.

(ii) For the purpose of computing cash equivalent of the advantage accruing through the
concessional sale to a worker of food grains and other articles, the difference between
the value of food grains and other articles, at the average market rates prevailing
during the wage period in which overtime was worked and value of food grains and

38
 other articles supplied at concessional rates shall be calculated and
allowedforthenumberofovertimehoursworked:

Provided that this rule shall not apply to any railway factory whose alternative method of
computation has been approved by the State Government.

78B. Overtime slips

Period of overtime work shall be entered in the overtime slip in duplicate and a copy of the
slip signed by the Manager or by a person authorised by him shall be given to the
workerimmediatelyafterthecompletionoftheovertimework:

39
 Provided that the Chief Inspector may by order in writing exempt any factory or class of
factories from the provisions of this rule, subject to such conditions as he may impose, if he
is satisfied that any alternative system followed therein, is adequate to meet the
requirements of this rule.

78C. Restriction of double employment

An adult worker may be employed, in more than one factory on the same day, with the
previous approval of the Inspector, subject to the following conditions:-

(1) Heshallnotbeemployedformorethanninehoursinallonanyoneday.

(2) He shall receive a weekly holiday in accordance with the provisions of section 52.

(3) Everyworker whoisrequiredtoworkinanotherfactoryonthesamedayshallcarry with him

a card in which the following particulars shall be entered by the Manager of the first
factory.

(a) Hisnormalperiodsofworkasthenoticeofperiodofwork,fortheday.

(b) Theperiodorperiodshehasworkedinthefirstfactoryfortheday.

The Manager of the second factory in which he is to work for the rest of the day shall enter
in the card the period or periods he has worked for the day in his factory. The Manager of
both the factories in which the worker has worked for the day on the same day shall send to
the Inspector, an extract of the card mentioned above not later than three days from the date
on which the worker has so worked in the two factories on the same day.

79. Notice of periods of work

Thenoticeofperiodsofworkforadultsrequiredundersub-section(1)ofsection61ofthe Act and

the notice of periods of work for children required under sub-section (1) of
section72oftheActshallbeinFormNo. 11andshallbedisplayedinaconspicuousplace
atorneartheentrancetothefactorybothinEnglishandTamil.

163
80. [Registerofadultworkersandyoungpersons

The Register of adult workers shall be in Form No.12.

164
81. [Personsdefinedtoholdpositionofsupervisionormanagement

40
(a) The following categories of persons shall he deemed to hold position of supervision
ormanagement;

(1) Directors;

(2) Managers;

(3) Assistant Managers;

(4) Engineers;

(5) Weaving Masters And Spinning Masters;

(6) Head Electricians;

41
 (7) LabourWelfareOfficers;

(8) Chief Chemist;

(9) Chief Metallurgists;

(10) Chief Production Engineers;

(11) Work Superintendents ;

(12) ChiefSecurityOfficers;

(13) FireOfficers;

(14) Chief Accounts Officers;

(15) Chief Personnel Officers;

(16) Chief Public Relations Officer;

(17) Foreman;

(18) Charge man;

(19) Chief Draftsman;

(20) Head Store-Keepers

(21) Safety Officers;

(22) Human Resources Development Officers;

(23) Quality Assurance Personnel;

(24) Sales Personnel;

(25) MaterialIssuePersonnel;and

(26) Systems Analysts or Operators in Electronic Data Processing Section.

(b) Any other person, who, in the opinion of the Chief Inspector or Factories, holds
position of supervision or management.

42
82. Personsemployedinaconfidentialposition

(a) The following categories of persons shall be deemed to be employed in confidential

positions

(1) Stenographers;

(2) Personal Assistants or Secretaries of Managers of Factories;

(3) Time-Keepers;

(4) Telephone Operators;

(5) Personnel Officers;

(6) Human Resources Development Personnel;

(7) Security Officers;

43
 (8) Industrial Engineers;

(9) Quality Assurance Personnel;

(10) Sales Personnel;

(11) MaterialIssuePersonnel;and

(12) Systems Analysis or Operators in Electronic Data Processing Section.

(b) Any other person, who, in the opinion of the Chief Inspector of Factories, is employed
in confidentialposition.

83. List to be maintained of persons holding confidential positions or supervision or

management

A list showing the names and designations of all persons to whom the provision of sub-
section (1) of Section 64 have been applied shall be maintained in every factory.

84. Exemption of certain adult workers

(a) Adult workers engaged in factories specified in Column (2) of the Schedule to this
Rule on the work specified in Column (3) thereof shall be exempted from the
provisions of the Sections specified in Column (4) subject to the conditions, if any
specifiedin Column (5)ofthesaid Schedule.

(b) Except in the case of urgent repairs covered by item (1) of the Schedule, the
exemptions shall be subject to the following conditions. namely:

(1) in case of exemption from Sections 51 and 54, no worker shall work for more
thantenhoursperdayor56hoursperweek;

(2) in case of exemption from Section 55. sufficient time, though not a fixed
period,shallbegivenformealstothesatisfactionoftheInspectorofFactories
concerned;

(3) in case of exemption from Section 56, the spread over of hours of work
inclusive of intervals for rest shall not exceed twelve hours in any one day ; and

(4) the total overtime hours worked beyond the limits of nine hours per day and 48
hours per week shall not exceed 50 hours for such quarter of the calendar year.

44
(c) In theabsenceof a worker who hasfailedtoreport for duty in factories inwhich any
work should be carried on continuously for technical reasons, a shift worker be
allowed to work the whole or part of the subsequent shift irrespective of the
restrictionsimposedinClauses(i)and(ii)ofsub-section(4)ofSection64oftheAct; Provided
that;

(1) the next shift of the shift-worker shall not commence, before a period of eight
hours has elapsed;

45
 (2) within 24hours
ofthecommencementofthesubsequentshiftnoticeshall be
senttotheInspector,explainingthecircumstancesunderwhichthew
orkeris requiredtoworkinthesubsequentshift;and

(3) theexemptionwillberestrictedtoonlymaleadultworkers.]

165
[84A. Exemption of women workers

All women working in fish-curing and fish-canning factories shall be

exempted from the provisions of sub-section (1) of section 66 of the Act,
subject to the following conditions, namely

(1) Nowomanshallbeemployedbefore6a.m. orafter 7p.m.

formorethanthreedays inanyoneweek.
Thenumberofdaysonwhichawomanmaybesoemployedshall
notexceedfiftyinayear;

(2) NowomanshallbeemployedafterIp.m.andbefore5am;

(3) A period of uninterrupted rest of atleast nine hours shall intervene

between the cessation of period of work after 7 p.m. on any day. and
the beginning of a fresh periodofworkonthefollowingday;and

46