ay Designation: E 709 - 95 Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Exai “This sundard ued under the ied designation Taga adption on th ase of eso. the yar 70s: the number immediately following the designation indicates the $tof crea rnican A murberin parentheses nia the ea fast eapprovah A sai) meats an coral chase thes eison o€reApprona his standard has een appre fr ‘Bund or he spec tar of te which has Been adopted 1. Scope 1.1 This guide? describes techniques for both dry and wet magnetic particle examination, a nondestructive method for Getecting cracks and other discontinuities at or near the surface in ferromagnetic materials. Magnetic particle exami- ‘ration may be applied to raw material, semifinished material {billets, blooms. castings, and forgings), finished material and ‘welds, regardless of heat treatment or lack thereof. Its useful for preventive maintenance examination, LI This guide is intended as a reference to aid in the preparation of specifications/standards. procedures and tech- niques. 13 This guide is also a reference that may be used as follows: 121 To establish a means by which magnetic particle examination. procedures recommended or required by indi- Nidual organizations, can be reviewed to evaluate their applicability and completeness. 1.2.2 To aid in the organization of the facilities and personnel concerned in magnetic particle examination. 12.3 To aid in the preparation of procedures dealing with the examination of materials and parts. This guide describes magnetic particle examination techniques that are recom- mended for a great variety of sizes and shapes of Ferromagnetic materials and widely varying examination requirements, Since there are many acceptable differences in both procedure and technique. the explicit requirements should be covered by a written procedure (see Section 21). 1.3 This guide does not indicate, suggest. or specify ‘acceptance standards for parts/pieces examined by these techniques. It should be pointed out, however, that after indications have been produced, they must be interpreted or Classified and then evaluated. For this purpose there should be a separate code. specification, or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, degree of alignment and spacing. area concentration, and orientation of indications that are unacceptable in a specific part versus those which need not be removed before part acceptance. Conditions where rework or repair are not permitted should be specified. Ld This guide describes the use of the following magnetic particle method techniques. “Ta guide under the jurdicion of ASTM Commitee Eom Nondearove Tenn andthe direc responsibly of Suomi E0703 00 Napneuc Parc and Peneont Testing TE are capped March 13, 1998, Published May 1998, Orally pute E9090. Lat previous edo £709 ~ 98 ihe fe Boles and Pressure Ves Code Application se eaed Guide eon Section ora Cade vb agencies ofthe Deparent of Defers, Corsa the DoD fade of Specietions and the Deparment ef Defense 1.4.1 Dry magnetic powder (see 8.3). 114.2. Wet magnetic particle (see 8.4). 114.3 Magnetic slurry/paint magnetic particle (see 8.4.8), and 1.44 Polymer magnetic particle (see 8.4.8). 13 Personnel Qualificarion—Personnel performing er- amination to this guide shall be qualified and certified in ‘accordance with ASNT Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel, or SNT-TC-1A, or MIL-STD-410 er military purposes, or as specified in the contract of purchase order. 16 Nondestructive Testing Agency—If a nondestructive testing agency as described in Practice E 543 is used to perform the examination, the testing agency shall meet the requirements of Practice E 543. 1.7 Table of Contents: SECTION 1 ul 12 3 i ts 16 7 is 13 Scope Scope Description ‘A Reference Document ‘Accepiance Standards for Parts not Covered Magnetic Particle Method Techniques Persoanel Qualifications [Nondestructive Testing Agency ‘Table of Contents ST Units Safety Caveat Referenced Documents [ASTM Standards SAE Documents ASNT Documents USS, Government Documents Definitions Summary of Guide Principle Method Magnetization “Types of Magnetic Panicle and Their Use Evaluation of Indications “Typical Magnetic Particle Indications Significance and Use Equipment ‘Types Porabilty Yokes Prods Black Light a Equipment Verification oe Examination Area : Light Intensity for Examination Housekeeping Magnetic Particle Materials Particle Types Pentcle Characteristics a 280 3 Wes.SECTION Dry Particles 83 Wet Panicle Systems aa Part Preparation ° General 94 (Cleaning Examination Surface 92 Sequence of Operations 10 Sequencing Particle Application and Establishing Mag- 10.1 ‘etic Fldx Field ‘Types of Magnetizing Currents u ‘Basic Current Types na art Magnetization Techniques 2 Examination Coverage Ba Direct and Indirect Magnetization 2 “Choosing a Magnetization Technique 13 Direction of Magnetic Fields B Discontinuity Orientation vs Magnetic Field Direction 13.1 Circular Magnetization na ‘Torodial Magnetization 83 Longitudinal Magnetization Ba ‘Multiirecional Magnetization BS Magnetic Feld Strength 4 Magnetzing Field Strengths 141 Establishing Feld Strengihs Guidelines for Establishing Magnetic Fields “Application of Dry and Wet Magnetic Particles ry Magnetic Particles ‘Wet Particles Applications Magnetic SurryPaint Magnetic Pe Interpretation of Indications Valid Indications Recording of Indications + Means of Recording ‘Accompanying Information 0} Demagnetization ‘Applicability >i Demagnetization Methods tng Extent of Demagnetiztion YP Post Examination Ceaning Panicle Removal 2 Means of Panicle Removal ‘%2 Evaluation of System Performance/Sensiivity "= Contributor Factors ‘di Maintenance and Calibration of Equipment sn€quipment Checks ‘ayEsamination Area Light Level Control Particle Quality Control Tess. ty Wet Particle Quality Control Tess th Characteristics Control LuteVeriying System Performance lure and Report A diriten Procedure ‘agQsten Reports “phcrepiance Standards on and Bias Bkerwordss ce ‘The numerical values shown in inch-pound units are Tegarded as the standard, SI units are provided for ation only This standard does not purport to address all of the concerns, if any. associated with its use. It is the sibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- safety and health practices and determine the applica: regulatory limitations prior t0 use 281 @ E709 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester? 96 Test Methods for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by Centrifuge Method (Field Procedure)* D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products, (General Bomb Method)? D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Trans- parent and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamie Viscosity) D808 Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used Petroleum Products (Bomb Method)? E 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination* E543 Practice for Evaluating Agencies that Perform Nondestructive Testing* E 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations* 2.2 Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE): Aerospace Materials Specifications:* ‘AMS 2641 Vehicle Magnetic Particle Inspection 2.3. American Society for Nondestructive Testing® SNT-TC-14 Recommended Practice Magnetic Particle Method ASNT Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel 24 US. Government Publications” FED-STD 313 Material Safety Data Sheets Preparation, and the Submission of MIL-STD-410 Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualifi- cation and Certification MIL-STD-1949 Magnetic Particle Inspection, Method of 2.5 OSHA Document 29CFR 1910.1200 Hazard Communication 3. Terminology 3.1 For definitions of terms used in the practice, refer to Terminology E 1316 4. Summary of Guide 4.1 Principle—The magnetic particle method is based on the principle that magnetic field lines when present in a ferromagnetic material, will be distorted by a change in ‘material continuity, such as a sharp dimensional change or a discontinuity. If the discontinuity is open to or close to the surface of a magnetized material, lux lines will be distorted at the surface, a condition termed as “flux leakage.” When fine magnetic particles are distributed over the area of the discontinuity while the flux leakage exists, they will be held in place and the accumulation of particies will be visible under the proper lighting conditions. While there are varia- tions in the magnetic particle method, they all are dependent on this principle, that magnetic particles will be retained at 2 aml Bost of ASTM Standen. Vol 0501 ‘Annual Book of 857M Standards, Vol 0303 * Availabe from Society of Automotive Engines, 0 Commonath Drive Warrendale, PA 15096 “Avail fam American Soi for Nondestructive Testing. 171 Alingte Paza, PO, Box 28518, Columbos OH 432280514 * Avalbe from Stndaraaion Documents Order Desh i 4 Section, 1700 Robbins Ave. Phish, Pa 19111 094, Ate: NPODS, * avalbie fom Occupational Safety and Heaih Review Commision. 125 K Suet NW, Washington, Be 20006