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Chemistry 2.3.5 PDF
Chemistry 2.3.5 PDF
Chemistry 2.3.5 PDF
Matter is either a solid liquid or gas and it can only change forms
and can’t be destroyed or created
ii. What about matter can change and what does not change, according to the law?
Matter can’t be created or destroyed but but can change form or rearranged for
example they can change the state of matter to a different one but never disappear the
amount stays the same
when people use energy it doesn’t disappear energy change from one form to another to form
another form of energy. Like matter it also doesn’t disappear or can’t be destroyed it only changes
form.
ii. What about energy can change and what does not change, according to the law?
the law states that the total energy remains constant and can’t be destroyed or created it is
conserved over time and changed from to another.
a. What are the four states, or phases, of matter? Describe the shape and volume properties of each
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gas
i. _______________________
No definate volume but highly compressible. The change from liquid to gas
Volume:
increases the volume of a substance therefore their form and volume changes
to fit its container
Liquid
ii. _______________________
Volume: Depends on its container so has a definate volume. Liquid changes form and is not fixed
because it depends on its container.
Plasma
iii. _______________________
iv. _______________________
Solid
Volume: Is definate as the molecules that makes up the solid are packed closely together and move
slowly. A solid holds its shape and the volume of a solid is fixed by the shape of the solid.
b. When heat energy is absorbed by matter, the matter's temperature increases. When heat energy is
released by matter, the matter's temperature decreases. The matter can also change from one phase
to another when heat energy is absorbed or released. Identify whether matter absorbs heat or
releases heat as each of the following phase changes occur.
b. Energy can change from one form to another. Describe the energy conversions in the following
scenes.
The kid on the tree has potential energy, when he falls it turns to gravitational energy to begin kinetic
energy it is all transformed to
The scout rubbing is kinetic energy that that ends up with thermal energy (heat) as he starts the fire.
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c. What is the equation for calculating gravitational potential energy on the Earth?
J. J. Thomson
Albert Einstein
Niels Bohr
Ernest Rutherford
John Dalton
Robert Millikan
___________________
Robert Millikan Oil-drop experiment
___________________
John Dalton Atomic theory
___________________
J. J. Thomson Cathode ray experiment
___________________
Neils Bohr Model of the atom
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___________________
Ernest Rutherford Gold-foil experiment
Albert Einstein
___________________ Photoelectric effect
J. J. Thomson
Albert Einstein
Niels Bohr
Ernest Rutherford
John Dalton
Robert Millikan
___________________
John Dalton Matter made of indivisible atoms
___________________
J. J. Thomson Atoms contain negatively charged particles
___________________
Robert Millikan Measured the charge of an electron
___________________
Earnest Rutherford Atoms contain mostly empty space
___________________
Neils Bohr Atoms contain nuclei with electrons orbiting
___________________
Albert Einstein Light exists as photon packets; one photon can remove one electron from an
atom
b. On the periodic table, what three pieces of information are given about every element?
i. ___________________________
Atomic Number
In the upper left corner and the atomic weight is on the bottom
ii. ___________________________
Chemical symbol or elements symbol
Are shortened versions of the chemicals full name and the first letter is
capitalized
iii. ___________________________
Atomic mass
Ions are atoms that are missing or have extra electrons, when they are missing one or
two it is a positive charge and when you have extra it is a negative charge
They are the number of electrons found in on outer shell of an atom that help the
bonding. with other atoms and they are important because the fewer they hold the
less stable it becomes
f. What is significant about the elements within the same group of the periodic table?
Every element in the same group have the same number of electrons in the outer orbital
g. What is significant about the elements within the same period of the periodic table?
The elements listed in the same period on a periodic table will have the same
amount of atomic orbits
h. Match the following families with their properties. There are two properties for each family.
A. Alkali metals
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______
C Very reactive nonmetals
______
D 8 valence electrons
______
A 1 valence electron
______
B Reactive metals
______
B 2 valence electrons
______
C 7 valence electrons
______
D Very little reactivity
______
A Very reactive metals
i. What three families are found in the center portion of the periodic table?
1. _________________________
Mentals
2. _________________________
non mentals
3. _________________________
metalloids
a. An atom has a mass number of 19 and an atomic number of 9. What element is it? What is its
symbol? How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does it have?
The element is Fluorine, symbol is F and it has 9 protons, 10 neutrons, and 9 electrons
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b. Hydrogen has one proton in its nucleus but exists as three isotopes. One isotope has no neutrons,
one has one neutron, and one has two neutrons. How would they be identified using isotope
notation?
Hydrogen = H
no neutrons = Hydrogen - 1 or ^1H
1 neutron = Hydrogen - 2 or ^2H
2 neutrons = hydrogen - 3 or ^3H
c. Sodium chloride, table salt, forms ions when dissolved. Sodium (Na) loses one electron. Chloride
(Cl) gains one electron. What are the charges on the two ions?
No loses electron while CI gains one this creates Na+ and CI- which form an ionic
interaction to be NaCi neutral because + and - cancel each other out
d. Would beryllium (Be) or sodium (Na) have properties more similar to magnesium (Mg)? Why?
e. Does beryllium (Be) or sodium (Na) have the same inside electron arrangement as magnesium
(Mg)? Why? Beryllium ha 4 electrons
sodium has 11 electrons
magnesium has 12 electrons
Therefore they are in different groups and are different from each other.
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