TOPIC:

MIXED USE HIGH-

RISE BUILDING

LITERATURE STUDY

SUBMMITED BY

P.VAMSI PRASAD
GUIDE : Ar.Ch.Mounika Y15AP0145
INTRODUCTION:
• Mixed-use development or often simply Live-work space is a type of urban
development strategy for living spaces.
• That blends residential, commercial, cultural, institutional, or entertainment
uses, where those functions are physically and functionally integrated, and that
provides pedestrian connections.
• Mixed-use development can take the form of a single building, a city block, or
entire neighborhoods.
• Traditionally, human settlements have developed in mixed-use patterns.
• However, with industrialization as well as the invention of the skyscraper,
governmental zoning regulations were introduced to separate different
functions, such as manufacturing, from residential areas.
• In the United States, the heyday of separate-use zoning was after World War II,
but since the 1990s, mixed-use zoning has once again become desirable as the
benefits are recognized.
• In most of Europe, government policy has encourage the continuation of the
city center's role as a main location for business, retail, restaurant, and
entertainment activity, unlike in the United States where zoning actively
discouraged such mixed use for many decades.
HISTORY:
CANADA:
• One of the earliest cities to adopt a policy on
Mixed-use development is Toronto, Ontario .
• The local government first played a role in 1986
with a zoning bylaw that allowed for commercial
and residential units to be mixed.
• At the time, Toronto was in the beginning stages
planning a focus on developing mixed-use
development due to a growing popularity of more
social housing .
• The law has since been updated as recently as
2013, refining much of its focus outside the
downtown area which has been amalgamated into
the main city since 1998.
• With the regulations in place, the city has oversaw
the development of high-rise condominiums
throughout the city with the supply of amenities
and transit stops nearby.
• Toronto case of developing Mixed-uses has expand
to encompass other North American cities in
Canada and The United States to bring in similar
changes.
UNITED STATES :
• In the United States, the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) collaborates with local governments by
providing researchers developing new data that
estimates how a city can be impacted by Mixed-use
development.
• With the EPA putting models in the spreadsheet, it
makes it much easier for municipalities, and developers
to estimate the traffic, with Mixed-use spaces.
• The linking models also used as a resource tool measures the geography,
demographics, and land use characteristics in a city.
• The Environmental Protection Agency has conducted an analysis on six major
metropolitan areas using land usage, household surveys, and GIS databases.
• States such as California, Washington, New Mexico, and Virginia has adopted
this standard as statewide policy when assessing how urban developments can
impact traffic.
• Preconditions for the success of Mixed-use developments is employment,
population, and consumer spending.
• The three preconditions ensures that a development can attract quality tenants
and financial success.
• Other factors determining the success of the Mixed-use development is the
proximity of production time, and the costs from the surrounding market.

THE FEATURES OF MIXED-USE BUILDINGS:

OUTDOOR SPACE:
• Mixed-use development allows the
creation of plazas and outdoor corridors
between buildings and sidewalks.
• Street facing facades have a maximum
setback to how much space is allocated
for pedestrians to gather in.
• Landscaping another feature in outdoor
spaces allow trees and plants to grow on
buildings vertically rather than being
faced out in a front row.
PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE:
• Mixed-use in centers that have increased in population density has allowed
people to access places through public transit and has helped encourage walking,
biking, and cycling to places of work and errands.
• Transportation has played a role in mitigating climate change by reducing
congestion on roads and building up freight movement for goods and services.
• With street-level design in place in cities like Boston, Seattle, and Denver
Mixed-uses allowed the designs of pedestrian walkways, plazas, and eye
distances to shops and workplaces.

HISTORIC PRESERVATION:
• Older cities such as Chicago and San Francisco landmark preservation policies
to allow more flexibility on older buildings being reused as third spaces.

Types of contemporary mixed-use zoning:

• Neighborhood commercial zoning
- convenience goods and services, such as convenience stores, permitted in
otherwise strictly residential areas.
• Main Street residential/commercial
- two to three-story buildings with residential units above and commercial
units on the ground floor facing the street.
• Urban residential/commercial
- multi-story residential buildings with commercial and civic uses on
ground floor.
• Office convenience
- office buildings with small retail and service uses oriented to the office
workers.
• Office/residential
- multi-family residential units within office building.
• Shopping mall conversion
- residential and/or office units added (adjacent) to an existing standalone
shopping mall.
• Retail district retrofit
- retrofitting of a suburban retail area to a more village-like appearance and
mix of uses.
• Live/work
- residents can operate small businesses on the ground floor of the building
where they live.
 • Studio/light industrial
- residents may operate studios or small workshops in the building where
they live.
• Hotel/residence
- mix hotel space and high-end multi-family residential.
• Parking structure with ground-floor retail.
• Single-family detached home district with standalone shopping center.
Modern structural concepts for high-rise buildings :
• Classification of the Structures of High–Rise Buildings according to Mir M. Ali.
Tube system :
• One of the most spread exterior structures of high–rise buildings is tube
structure.
• Lateral actions in such structure are resisted with the structural element
positioned at the perimeter of the building

West Madison Street 181, Characteristic Floor Plan

Variation of Tubular Structures

Different Plan Configuration for Bundled Tube Structures

 OUTRIGGER SYSTEM:
• Outrigger structures are generally a unity of the
core, outriggers, belt trusses and mega columns.
• Shear cores are mostly designed at the axial
center of the floor plan; however it is not
impossible for it to be located at either one side
of the building.
• Commonly in a form of concrete cores or rarely
in a form of steel trusses, shear cores do act as
vertical cantilevered beam fixed at the
foundation.

DIAGRID SYSTEM :
• Diagrid is an exterior structural system used in high–rise buildings, which is
even though entirely exposed at the elevation, both in architectural and
structural fields of science and art, defined as extremely aesthetic.

Variations of Diagrid Geometry

Hearst Headquarters Centre in New York (left), and 30 St. Mary Ave in London (right)
 STANDARDS:
PROVISIONS FOR HIGH RISE DEVELOPMENT:
Location and Plot Area :
• The minimum plot area shall not be less than 2000 Sq.m. for high rise buildings.
Means of access :
• A plot/site shall abut on a public road/public street with a minimum width of 12m.
Minimum abutting road width and all-round setbacks for High Rise Buildings :

• Tot lot space shall be at least 10% of total site area at ground
level open to sky and shall be a minimum width of 4.5m.
Parking Requirements in Buildings :
Corridors :
• The minimum width of
a corridor in a
residential building
shall be 1.2m for single
loaded and 2.0m for
double loaded and in
all other buildings shall
be 1.5m.
• Where stairways
discharge through
corridors and
passageways, the
height of corridors and
passageways shall be
not less than 2.4m.
SYNOPSIS TOPIC - MIXED USE HIGH-RISE BUILDING
INTRODUCTION -
1. Mixed use development means a building or complex includes a
mixture of land use and build use.
2. This term is used when residential uses are combined with office,
commercial, entertainment, civic use
AIM - To design a mixed use high-rise building in a city center including
with green concepts.
OBJECTIVES -
1. To explore the various materials and construction techniques.
2. To provide optimum initial conditions in terms of livable space,
service, circulations and environment.
3. Access shall be provided from both the public and private
SCOPE -
1. In every city does not have sufficient land, it was a major
problems.
2. So they want to go for a vertical constructions.

LIMITATIONS - To limit a design in a small area and building height

CASE STUDY -
1. Kohinoor square, Mumbai , india
2. Emami tejomaya , Chennai, india

PROPOSAL SITE -
AMARAVATHI ROAD, GUNTUR.

AREA – 1 ACRE