1) The volume of copper required in case of three wire two phase ac systems is how many times to that of

two wired dc system?

a. 2/cos2φ
b. 1/2 cos2φ
c. 1.457/ cos2φ
d. 6/1.457 cos2φ

2) How is the voltage and frequency controlled in automatic generation control?

a. By controlling the excitation
b. By controlling the turbine action
c. Turbine speed control for voltage and excitation control for frequency
d. Excitation control for voltage and turbine speed control for voltage.

3) Which among the following curves represent the Heat Rate Curve?

a. Only a
b. Only b
c. Only c
d. Only d

4) What is the unit of transmission loss coefficient?

a. MW
b. (MW)-1
c. Unit less
d. (MW)2

5) What will be the penalty factor for a unit, if the generating station is located very close to load centre?
a. Zero
b. Almost equal to unity
c. The penalty factor is negative
d. The value is very high
6) Which among the following curves represent the incremental fuel rate curve?

a. Only a
b. Only b
c. Only c
d. Only d

7) With the use of high speed circuit breakers, which among the following stability is increased?
a. Steady state stability
b. Transient stability
c. Frequency stability
d. All of these
e. None of these

8) Which among these is related to the critical clearing time of a fault in a power system?
a. Transient stability limit
b. Steady state stability limit
c. Frequency limit
d. All of these
e. None of these

9) Which among these cannot be determined from equal area criterion?

a. Critical clearing angle
b. Critical clearing time
c. Transient stability limit
d. Both (a) and (b)
e. All of these

10) What are the common assumptions made for the equal area criterion?
a. The transmission line and machine resistances are neglected.
b. Rotor speed of the machine is constant
c. Mechanical input remains constant.
d. All of these
11) For which among the following cases is the equal area criterion of stability used?
a. One machine and infinite bus bar
b. No load on bus bar
c. Many machines and infinite bus bar
d. All of these
e. None of these

12) Which stability information is obtained from the equal area criterion?
a. Absolute stability
b. Transient stability
c. Steady state stability
d. Both (b) and (c)
e. All of these

13) Under what condition is the system stable under equal area criterion?
a. The area under the curve Pa – δ curve must increase to ∞.
b. The area under the curve Pa – δ curve must become equal to 1
c. The area under the curve Pa – δ curve must reduce to zero.
d. None of these

14) Why are the series capacitors used?

a. Improve the voltage
b. Reduce the fault level
c. Compensate for line inductive reactance and improve the stability of the power system.
d. Improves the power factor

15) Which among the following methods are used to improve steady state stability?
a. Reducing the reactance between the transmission and receiving points.
b. By using bundled conductors.
c. By increasing the excitation of generator or motor or both.
d. All of these
e. None of these

16) Which curve represents the reluctance power in the following power angle curve of a machine?

a. Curve A
b. Curve B
c. Curve C
d. Curve A and curve B
17) What is the range of ‘δ’ for stable operation?
a. 0° < δ < 45°
b. 45° < δ < 90°
c. 0° < δ < 90°
d. 0° < δ < 120°

18) At what value of ‘δ’ the maximum power transfer takes place?
a. 45 °
b. 90 °
c. 120 °
d. 180 °

19) What is power angle equation of synchronous machines?

a. An equation between electrical power generated to the angular displacement of the rotor
b. An equation between mechanical power generated to the angular displacement of the rotor
c. An equation between electrical power generated to the angular displacement of stator windings
d. An equation between mechanical power generated to the angular displacement of stator windings

20) Which point on the graph represents the steady state stability limit of the system?

a. Point A
b. Point B
c. Point C
d. Point D

21) What will be the inertia constant H, for a water wheel generator having a speed less than 200 rpm?
a. 2 - 4
b. 2 - 3
c. 1 - 2
d. 5 - 6

22) What are the main applications of the swing curves?

a. Designing the rotor field windings
b. Designing the protective devices
c. Used to limit the size of the machine
d. All of these
e. None of these

23) What information does the swing curve provide?

a. Stability of the system.
b. Performance of the machine
c. The rotor performance
d. All of these
e. None of these

24) What kind of differential equation is swing equation?

a. Linear second order
b. Non linear first order
c. Linear first order
d. Non linear second order

25) What is / are the major assumptions made in the calculation of swing equations?
a. Damper windings are neglected
b. The machine is lossless
c. The machine has to run at synchronous speed
d. Both (a) and (b)
e. All of these

26) What is the fault current expression in case of LLG faults?

a. If = 3 Ia1
b. If = 0
c. If = 3Ia0
d. If = Ia1

27) For economic measure the generators at a power plant operate at _____________.
a. Equal incremental cost
b. Equal loads
c. Equal power rating
d. All of these

28) Which among the following factors influence the cost of generation of electric power?
a. Generator efficiency
b. Fuel cost
c. Transmission losses
d. All of these

29) Which among the following methods are highly accurate?

a. Gauss Seidel method
b. Newton Raphson method
c. Fast decoupled low flow method
d. All of these

30) For what studies are the FDLF method used?

a. Optimisation studies
b. Multiple load flow studies
c. Small size systems
d. Both (a) and (b)

31) What type of convergence takes place in NR method?

a. Linear convergence
b. Geometric convergence
c. Quadratic convergence
d. All of these

32) Which among the following is / are used for the solution of load flow using FDLF method?
a. [(Δ P) / E] = [B' ] [Δ δ]
b. [(Δ Q) / E] = [B" ] [ Δ E]
c. [(Δ P) / E] = [B" ] [ Δ δ]
d. Both (a) and (b)
e. All of these

33) Initially what will be the voltage at all the PQ buses for solving the load flow problem using NR
method?
a. Vi = 1 ∠ 90°
b. Vi = 1 ∠ 0°
c. Vi = 1 ∠ 180°
d. Vi = 1 ∠ 45°

34) What is the size of the sub matrix “H “of the jacobian, if n1 is the number of PV buses and n2 the
number of PQ buses?
a. (n1 + n2)2
b. n1 * n2
c. (n1 + n2) n1
d. (n1 + n2) n2

35) What does the swing equation describe?

a. The relative motion of rotor with the field windings of the machine
b. The relative motion of the rotor with respect to stator field as a function of time.
c. The relative motion of stator field with the rated frequency of the machine
d. The performance curve of the machine

36) What is the result of frequency instability?

a. Voltage collapse
b. Frequency swings
c. Tripping of generating units
d. Both (b) and (c)
e. All of these

37) What is frequency stability?

a. To maintain steady frequency following severe disturbance resulting in the imbalance between transformer
and load
b. To maintain steady frequency following severe disturbances resulting in the imbalance between generators
and load
c. To maintain a steady frequency in all the protection components and the transmission lines.
d. Both (a) and (b)

38) Which among the following phenomenon is generally associated with voltage stability?
a. Temporary load reduction
b. Voltage is reduced
c. Voltage collapses
d. All of these
39) What is the main cause of voltage instability?
a. Generators
b. Transformers
c. Loads
d. Line losses

40) What is voltage stability?

a. To maintain steady voltages at all the buses after the occurrence of fault.
b. To maintain steady voltages at all the buses before the occurrence of fault.
c. To maintain the system frequency after the severe disturbances
d. All of these

41) On what factors does the transient stability depend on?

a. Initial operating state
b. Severity of disturbances
c. Voltage instability
d. Both (a) and (b)

42) What is / are the cause(s) for transient disturbance?

a. Sudden load changes
b. Faults in the power system
c. Switching operations
d. All of these

43) Which among these phenomenons is / are associated with angle stability?
a. Imbalance between the two generator torque
b. Stability or synchronism is lost
c. Surplus energy is stored up in the rotating masses
d. All of these

44) What is the value of transient stability limit?

a. Higher than steady state stability limit
b. Lower than steady state stability limit.
c. Depending upon the severity of load
d. All of these

45) By using which component can the transient stability limit of a power system be improved?
a. Series resistance
b. Series capacitor
c. Series inductor
d. Shunt resistance

46) What is transient stability limit?

a. The maximum flow of power through a particular point in the power system without loss of stability
when small disturbances occur.
b. The maximum power flow possible through a particular component connected in the power system.
c. The maximum flow of power through a particular point in the power system without loss of stability
when large and sudden disturbances occur
d. All of these
e. None of these
47) Which among the following methods is used for improving the system stability?
a. Increasing the system voltage
b. Reducing the transfer reactance
c. Using high speed circuit breaker
d. All of these

48) What is steady state stability limit?

a. The maximum flow of power through a particular point in the power system without loss of stability
when small disturbances occur.
b. The maximum power flow possible through a particular component connected in the power system.
c. The maximum flow of power through a particular point in the power system without loss of stability
when sudden disturbances occur
d. All of these

49) Which among these is a classification of power system stability?

a. Frequency stability
b. Voltage stability
c. Rotor angle stability
d. All of these

50) The stability of the power system is not affected by which among these?
a. Generator reactance
b. Line losses
c. Excitation of generators
d. All of these

51) What is power system stability?

a. The maximum power flow possible through a particular component connected in the power system.
b. The ability of the power system to regain the state of operating equilibrium point when the system is
subjected to any disturbances.
c. It is a phenomenon in which a power system losses its operating equilibrium when subjected to large
disturbances.
d. All of these

52) How are the zero sequence and negative sequence networks connected in case of LLG faults?
a. Parallel
b. Series
c. Can be connected in either way
d. Such type of connection does not exist

53) What is the expression for the current Ia2, if a double line to ground fault occurs on an unloaded
generator through fault impedance?
a. Ia2 = - Ia1 * (Z0 + 3Zf) / ( Z0 + Z2 + 3Zf)
b. Ia2 = - Ia1 * (Z0 + 3Zf + Z2) / ( Z0 + Z2 + 3Zf)
c. Ia2 = - Ia0 * (Z0 + Zf) / ( Z0 + Z2 + 3Zf)
d. Ia2 = - Ia1 * Z2 * (Z0 + 3Zf) / ( Z0 + Z2 + 3Zf)

54) What is the value of fault current If, if the neutral grounding is absent in LLG fault?
a. If = - 3 Ia1 ( Z2 / Z2 + Z1)
b. If = 0
c. If = √3 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2 + Z0)
d. If = 3 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2 + Z0)

55) What will be the value of current Ia, if the fault occurs between the lines B, C and ground?
a. Ia = 1
b. Ia = 0
c. Ia = ∞
d. Ia = - (Ib + Ic )

56) What percentage of fault occurring in the power system is LLG fault?
a. 20 %
b. 30 %
c. 5 %
d. 10 %

57) What percentage of fault occurring in the power system is line to line fault?
a. 5 %
b. 30 %
c. 25 %
d. 15 %

58) Which among these is the connection diagram for line to line faults?

a. Only a
b. Only b
c. Only c
d. Only d

59) What is the expression for fault current in line to line fault?
a. If = √3 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2)
b. If = 3 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2)
c. If = √3 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2 + Z0)
d. If = 3 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2 + Z0)

60) What is the value of zero sequence impedance in line to line faults?
a. Z0 = 1
b. Z0 = ∞
c. Z0 = 3 Zn
d. Z0 = 0

61) Which among the following matrix is sparse?

a. Jacobian matrix only
b. Y bus matrix only
c. Z bus matrix only
d. Both (a) and (b)

62) What is the main drawback in NR method?

a. Slow to converge
b. A large memory allocation is required to store the jacobian matrix
c. The number of iterations is more
d. All of these

63) Which types of equations are solved using Newton Raphson method?
a. Non linear differential equations
b. Linear differential equations
c. Non linear algebraic equations
d. Both (a) and (b)

64) To control which among the following is the regulating transformer used in a power system?
a. Power flows
b. Frequency
c. Voltage
d. Power factor

65) What is the value of acceleration factor used in the GS method?

a. 2.3 – 2.7
b. 1.6 – 2.0
c. 1.2 – 1.5
d. 2.4 – 2.9

66) Which among the following is the main assumption to solve a load flow problem by GS method?
a. All the buses are to be considered as PQ bus including the slack bus.
b. All the buses are to be considered as PV bus including the slack bus.
c. All the buses are to be considered as PQ bus excluding the slack bus.
d. All the buses are to be considered as PV bus excluding the slack bus.

67) Which among the following buses constitute the maximum number in a power system?
a. Slack bus
b. P Q bus
c. P V bus
d. All of these

68) Which among theses quantities are to be determined in slack bus?

a. P and Q
b. Q and |V|
c. |V| and δ
d. Q and δ
69) What will be the sum of (IB + IY) in case of line to line fault, if the fault is occurring in the B and Y
lines?
a. ∞
b. 0
c. 1
d. IR

70) What happens to the value of the fault current in case of SLG fault, if fault impedance is introduced?
a. The fault current increase
b. The fault current remains same as in case of SLG fault.
c. The fault current becomes zero
d. The fault current is reduced

71) What happens if the neutral is not grounded in case of the single line to ground fault?
a. Only the zero sequence impedance will be zero
b. The zero sequence impedance will be infinite
c. Fault current will be zero
d. Both (b) and (c)

72) Which among these is the connection diagram, in case of single line to ground fault?

a. Only a
b. Only b
c. Only c
d. Only d

73) What is the value of fault current If , in case of SLG fault?

a. 3 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2 + Z0)
b. 2 * (Ea / Z1 + Z0)
c. 3 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2 )
d. 2 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2 + Z0)
74) What are the terminal conditions in case of SLG fault, if the fault occurs in the phase A?
a. Vb = 0, Ia = 0, Ic = 0
b. Va = 0, Ib = 0, Ic = 0
c. Va = 0, Ia = 0, Ic = 0
d. Vb = 0, Ia = 0, Ib = 0

75) What are cross country faults?

a. A fault occurring at any point of the power system
b. Two or more faults occurring simultaneously on the power system
c. Line to line fault
d. All of these
e. None of these

76) What percentage of faults occurring is single line to ground fault?

a. 50 %
b. 60 %
c. 35 %
d. 70 %

77) What are the types of unsymmetrical faults?

a. Single line to ground fault
b. Double line to ground fault
c. Line to line fault
d. All of these
e. None of these

78) What happens to the zero sequence currents, if the neutral in the Y connection is absent?
a. Minimum
b. Zero
c. Maximum
d. ∞

79) Zero sequence currents cannot flow in which of the following connections?
a. Delta
b. Star
c. Star – star
d. Both (b) and (c)
e. All of these

80) What is the value of negative sequence impedance?

a. 1
b. Z
c. Same as positive sequence
d. ∞

81) In the absence of neutral what will be the value of Z0 ?

a. 1
b. 0
c. Z
d. ∞
82) What is the value of the zero sequence impedance?
a. Z 0 = Z
b. Z 0 = Z + 2 Zn
c. Z 0 = Z + 3 Zn
d. Z 0 = 0

83) Phase shift of symmetrical components happens in which among the following?
a. Delta - delta
b. Star – delta
c. Delta – star
d. Both (b) and (c)
e. All of these

84) For Y - Δ and Δ - Y transformers, the phase shift between the transformer windings is equal to “ n *
30° “. What does ‘n’ represent in the equation?
a. Number of windings
b. Number of turns
c. Turns ratio
d. Hour number

85) In the manufacture of transformers, ANSI prescribes certain standards. What is this standard?
a. High voltage side should lead the low voltage side by 30° with Y - Δ or Y - Δ connections.
b. High voltage side should lead the low voltage side by 60° with Y - Δ or Y - Δ connections.
c. High voltage side should lag the low voltage side by 30° with Y - Δ or Y - Δ connections.
d. High voltage side should lag the low voltage side by 60° with Y - Δ or Y - Δ connections.

86) What will be the value of IC, if Ia1 = 100 ∠ 30° and Ib2 = 20 ∠ 90°?
a. 111.35 ∠ 21.05 °
b. 111.35 ∠ 15.05°
c. 111.35 ∠ 145.06°
d. 111.35 ∠ 158.94°

87) What will be the value of IA , if Ia1 = 100 ∠ 30° and Ib2 = 20 ∠ 90°?
a. 111.35 ∠ 21.05 °
b. 99.12 ∠ 73.47 °
c. 135.24 ∠ 23.45 °
d. 63.85 ∠ 21.05 °

88) If the value of Ia = 100∠0° and Ib = 75∠-50° in a three phase three wire system, what will be the value
of negative sequence current?
a. 23.12 ∠ -96.02 °
b. 59.12 ∠ -73.47 °
c. 76.21 ∠-84.25 °
d. 41.25 ∠ -36.85 °

89) What is the value of the zero sequence current?

a. 3 times the current in the neutral wire
b. 1 / 3 times the current in the neutral wire
c. √3 times the current in the neutral wire
d. Equal to the current in the neutral wire
90) Which sequence component is represented by the following phasor?
- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. Positive sequence
b. Zero sequence
c. Negative sequence
d. None of these

91) The positive sequence current is always equal to ______________.

a. Always zero
b. 1/3 of the negative sequence current
c. Negative sequence current
d. 3 times the negative sequence current

92) What is the value of (1+ a1 + a2)?

a. 0
b. 1
c. -1
d. ∞

93) In what direction does the phasor get rotated if it is multiplied by the operator ‘a’?
a. Anti clockwise
b. Clockwise
c. Gets rotated by 90° in the clockwise direction
d. Gets rotated by 90° in the anticlockwise direction

94) What is the value of the letter ‘a’ or ‘α’ which is commonly used in symmetrical components?
a. 1 ∠ 90°
b. 1 ∠ 30°
c. 1 ∠ 120°
d. 1 ∠ -120°

95) A balanced three phase system consists of _________.

a. Zero sequence currents only
b. Positive sequence currents only
c. Positive, negative and zero sequence currents
d. Only negative sequence currents

96) Which among the following quantities are to be determined in voltage controlled bus?
a. P and Q
b. Q and |V|
c. |V| and δ
d. Q and δ
97) What percentage of buses in the power system are generator buses?
a. 5 %
b. 25 %
c. 70 %
d. 10 %

98) Which among the following quantities are specified at the generator bus?
a. P and Q
b. P and |V|
c. Q and |V|
d. P and δ

99) Which among the following quantities are specified at the load bus?
a. P and Q
b. P and |V|
c. Q and |V|
d. P and δ

100) Why are load flow studies carried out?

a. To study of stability of the system
b. For fault calculations
c. For planning the power system
d. All of these

101) What is the element of the graph that is not included in the tree called?
a. Links
b. Branches
c. Oriented graph
d. All of these

102) Which among the following formulae is used for addition of an admittance element into the bus?
a. Yii new = Yii old - y
b. Yii new = Yii old + y
c. Yii new = Yii old - Yij old
d. Yii new = Yii old + Yij old

103) What is an oriented graph?

a. A connection of network topology, represented by replacing all physical elements by lines.
b. A graph in which the direction is assigned to each branch.
c. A graph where at least one path exists between any two nodes of the graph.
d. None of these

104) Why are series reactors used?

a. Improve the transmission efficiency
b. Improve the power factor of the power system
c. To bring down the fault level with in the capacity of the switchgear instrument
d. All of these

105) What are zero sequence components?

a. Three balanced phasors of equal magnitude and displaced by 120°
b. Three balanced phasors displaced by 120° and having phase sequence opposite to that of the original
phasors.
c. Three phasors with equal magnitude and zero displacement.
d. None of these

106) What does the positive sequence component consist of?

a. Three balanced phasors of equal magnitude and displaced by 120°
b. Three unbalanced phasors displaced by 120°
c. Three phasors with equal magnitude and zero displacement.
d. None of these

107) What is the percentage of occurrence of symmetrical faults?

a. 10 %
b. 15 %
c. 5 %
d. None of these

108) What will be the multiplying factor if the speed of the circuit breaker is 2 cycles?
a. 2.2
b. 1.2
c. 2.8
d. 1.4

109) If the speed of the circuit breaker is 8 cycles or slower than that what will be the multiplying factor?
a. 2.3
b. 1.0
c. 1.5
d. 1.7

110) What is the rated breaking capacity of the circuit breaker?

a. The product of rated voltage and rated breaking current
b. The product of rated voltage and rated symmetrical breaking current
c. The product of fault voltage and breaking current
d. None of these

111) What is the multiplication factor to be multiplied with symmetrical momentary current to account for
the presence of DC off set current?
a. 1.2
b. 1.5
c. 1.6
d. 2.5

112) Which among the following methods are generally used for the calculation of symmetrical faults?
a. Norton theorem
b. Thevnin’s theorem
c. Kirchhoff’s laws
d. Only (b) and (c)
e. All of these

113) Which among the following reactance have a greater value?

a. Sub transient reactance
b. Transient reactance
c. Synchronous reactance
d. All of these

114) On which among the following factors does the magnitude of the fault current depend?
a. Total impedance upto the fault.
b. Voltage at the fault point
c. Both (a) and (b)
d. None of these

115) Which among the following curves represents the curve for transient current?

a. Only a
b. Only b
c. Only c
d. Only d

116) What is the expression for the symmetrical short circuit current? If the total short circuit current
consists of two parts namely symmetrical short circuit current and DC offset current.
a. (Vm / Z) * sin (ω + αt - θ)
b. (Vm / Z) * sin (ωt + α - θ)
c. (Vm * Z) * sin (ωt + αt - θ)
d. (V / Zm) * sin (ωt + α - θ)

117) Which among these is the most severe fault?

a. Single line to ground fault.
b. Double line to ground fault
c. Line to line fault
d. Symmetrical fault.

118) In which portion of the transmission system is the occurrence of the fault more common?
a. Alternators
b. Transformers
c. Transmission lines
d. Underground cables

119) Which among these is the most commonly occurring fault?

a. Single line to ground fault.
b. Double line to ground fault
c. Line to line fault
d. Fault due to all the three phases to earth.

120) Which of the following fault results into a three phase faults?
a. Single line to ground fault.
b. Double line to ground fault
c. Line to line fault
d. Fault due to all the three phases to earth.

121) Which among the following assumptions are made in the reactance diagram?
a. The neutral reactance are neglected
b. Static loads are neglected.
c. The capacitance of the transmission lines are neglected
d. Only a and c
e. All of these

122) What is the formula to calculate the (kV)B on the LT section?

a. (kV)B on HT section * (HT voltage rating) / (LT voltage rating)
b. (kV)B on LT section * (HT voltage rating) / (LT voltage rating)
c. (kV)B on HT section * (LT voltage rating) / (HT voltage rating)
d. (kV)B on LT section * (LT voltage rating) / (HT voltage rating)

123) What is the formula to calculate the (kV)B on the HT section?

a. (kV)B on HT section * (HT voltage rating) / (LT voltage rating)
b. (kV)B on LT section * (HT voltage rating) / (LT voltage rating)
c. (kV)B on HT section * (LT voltage rating) / (HT voltage rating)
d. (kV)B on LT section * (LT voltage rating) / (HT voltage rating)

124) What is infinite bus in power system?

a. A large system with infinite voltage
b. A large system in which the voltage and frequency varies
c. A large system whose voltage and frequency remains constant throughout.
d. Both (a) and (b)
e. None of these

125) What is the per unit impedance Z(Pu) in a three phase system?
a. ( Z * (MVA)B) / (KV)2
b. ( 1000 * (KV)B) / √3 IB
c. ( Z * (KV)2 ) / (MVA)B
d. None of these

126) Which among these is the major advantage of per unit computations?
a. Per unit impedance of transformers is the same referred to either side of it.
b. For simulating steady state and transient models in the computer this method is very useful.
c. Manufactures usually specify the impedance of an apparatus in per unit system.
d. All of these

127) What will be the per unit impedance of a synchronous motor having a rating of 100 kVA, 13.2 kV
and having a reactance of 75 Ω / ph?
a. 0.043 pu
b. 0.057 pu
c. 0.036 pu
d. 0.298 pu

128) Which among these is the equivalent circuit for the synchronous motor?

a. Only a
b. Only b
c. Only c
d. Only d

129) What is the simplified diagram called, after omitting all resistances, static loads, capacitance of the
transmission lines and magnetising circuit of the transformer?
a. Single line diagram
b. Resistance diagram
c. Reactance diagram
d. Both (a) and (b)

130) What is the per unit system (PU)?

a. A ratio of actual value in any units to the base or reference value in the same units
b. A ratio of the base or reference value in any units to the actual value in the same units.
c. Ratio of the square of the actual value in any units to the square of base or the reference value in the same
units
d. All of these