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131081304.H Angles
131081304.H Angles
SERIES
Angles
Curriculum Ready
ACMMG: 163, 164
www.mathletics.com
Copyright © 2009 3P Learning. All rights reserved.
First edition printed 2009 in Australia.
A catalogue record for this book is available from 3P Learning Ltd.
ISBN 978-1-921861-26-0
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Angles measure the amount of turn in degrees between two lines that meet at a point.
Many games are based on interpreting and using angles such as pool, snooker and billiards.
Black ball
?c
White ball
?c
Write down some other sports/games that you can think of that require an understanding of angles:
is a go!
Give th
Q While performing a circular ballet move, Janet turned the first half easily and then with some
extra effort, made it 5 of the remaining way around. How many degrees was Janet away from
6
completing the full circle?
Hint: half a circle is 180 degrees.
Start position
?c
Angles H 10 1
Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
How does it work? Angles
Parts of an angle
Angles are formed when two straight rays extend from a common point.
The amount of rotation ‘swept’ from one arm to the next in degrees is how they are measured
Arm BA
Angle swept by arms BA and BC in degrees (c)
B C
Arm BC
Vertex Rays that form an angle are called arms
Naming angles
These two methods of naming use the symbol +in front to mean 'angle'.
Name these two angles:
(i) A (ii) R
C B P Q
Method 1 +ABC or +CBA +PQR or +RQP
The letter at the vertex is always written in the middle
Method 2 +B +Q
For angles like these, you can just use the letter at the vertex
If there is more than one angle at the same point, you must use method 1 to reference the angle properly.
Name these angles marked with a dot:
(i) B C (ii) K
J L
A D N M
BD is shared by both +BDC or +CDB +JKN or +NKJ
angles (Common arm)
2 H 10 Angles
SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
How does it work? Your Turn Angles
ANGLE
AN
*
Parts of an angle
PARTS OF
PAR
TS OF
1 Highlight the section of the angle that matches the label underneath.
a A b c
..../...../20...
AN *
C X ANGLE
Y Z
B
Arm BC Arm YX The vertex
P
d e f
Q
O R
The angle swept The arm shared by The angle swept by
both angles the arms OP and OQ
2 Write down the parts of the angles that have been highlighted below.
a b c X
Y Z
d B e f
M
P Q
C
R L N
O
A D
Angles H 10 3
Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
How does it work? Your Turn Angles
ES
GL B*
Naming Angles
MING AN
NA
MING AN
1 Name each of these angles. A C
..../...../20...
A
B G GL *
N
a b c
D E J
ES
F
A C K
N B
a X b M c
A C
Y
D
Q O
W Z P F
E
(i) (i) (i)
3 Name the arm common to both marked angles in question 2, (write ‘no arm common’ if there isn’t one).
a b c
O
C E D
L D
M =
4 H 10 Angles
SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
How does it work? Angles
Angle types
0c 1 +ABC 1 90c
B C
A
Exactly 90c
or
Right angle
+ABC = 90c
B C
Small box means 90c
Exactly 180c
or
Straight angle
A C +ABC = 180c
B Vertex
Angles H 10 5
Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
How does it work? Your Turn Angles
PES * AN
TY
Angle types
GL
* ANGLE
E TYPES *
1 Sketch and label angles that match each of these descriptions:
..
..../...../20.
ES
a Obtuse angle +XYZ b Acute +PQR AN
GLE TYP
2 Fill in the table below with four angles you can find matching the types in the diagram below:
R
Q U
S
P W
T V
Acute angle Right angle Obtuse angle Straight angle Reflex angle
6 H 10 Angles
SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
How does it work? Angles
The amount of turn between each arm is measured in degrees with the aid of a protractor.
Measure the size of +XYZ
Z
Y
Place the centre marker on the protractor at the vertex Line up one of the arms with a 0c mark
Z
Y
` +XYZ = 120c
The two scales on a protractor enable us to measure angles from either direction.
Measure the size of +ABC
C
B
Line up one of the arms with a 0c mark Place the centre marker on the protractor at the vertex
C
B
` +ABC = 65c
Angles H 10 7
Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
How does it work? Your Turn Angles
C R
B Q
` +ABC = ` +PQR =
c d
K
X
J Z
L Y
` +JLK = ` +XYZ =
2 Write down the size of the angles indicated below each diagram.
B
a b
A C A C
B D
` +ABC = ` +BDC =
c d
B
B
A C A C
D D
` +CDB = ` +ADB =
8 H 10 Angles
SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
How does it work? Your Turn Angles
PROTRAC
A
Using a protractor to measure angles A
TO
* USING
R TO MEA
3 Try these trickier ones!
C
..../...../20...
D B
S
a b SU
S
C RE ANGLE
R
T A
Q E
` +RQS = ` +BEC =
4 Use a protractor to measure the size (amount of turn in degrees) between the arms for these
four angles:
a b
Y
X
X Z Y Z
` +XZY = ` +XYZ =
c J d
P
Q
L
K
` +JKL = ` +PQR =
Angles H 10 9
Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
How does it work? Your Turn Angles
E L
T
U
I
O
R S
N
V
O
44c 10c 24c 30c 20c 40c 35c 52c 27c 22c 56c
10 H 10 Angles
SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
How does it work? Angles
Most protractors only measure angles up to 180c, so measure the angle you can and go from there.
Measure the size of reflex +PQR
R
Q
Step 2: Subtract the size of the obtuse angle from 360c
P
Obtuse +PQR + reflex +PQR = 360c
(a full revolution)
140c
R
Q
D
E
F
Step 2: Subtract the size of the acute angle from 360c
Acute +DEF + reflex +DEF = 360c (a
full revolution)
D E
25c
F
` Reflex +DEF = 360c - 25c
= 335c
Angles H 10 11
Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
How does it work? Your Turn Angles
C J
B K
` Reflex +ABC = 360c - ` Reflex +JLK = 360c -
= =
X
c d
U
T
Z
= =
2 Measure and write down the size of the reflex angle for each of these:
a b
H
M J
CTOR
TRA T
N RO A O
L
USING A P
` Reflex +LMN =
ME
ASURE RE
B
C
c
..../...../20...
FL
*
C EX
ANGLES
A I
B
12 H 10 Angles
SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
Where does it work? Angles
Adjacent Angles
Angles that do not overlap and share an arm from the same vertex point are called adjacent angles.
Name the adjacent acute angles in this diagram
C
D
Same vertex point for +ADB and +BDC
Here is the official way to say it: “The arm DB is common to both angles.”
“The vertex D is common to both angles.”
Here is an example where angles with a common arm and vertex overlap.
Name all the obtuse angles adjacent to +UZY
W
V
+UZY is adjacent to the obtuse angles +UZW, +UZX, +XZY and +WZY .
V
Be careful:
Eg: +VZY and +UZY share a common arm and vertex, U Z Arm ZY and vertex Z
common to both
but they are not adjacent because they overlap.
Y
Angles H 10 13
Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
Where does it work? Your Turn Angles
ANGLES
T A
Adjacent angles
*
ADJACEN
ADJACEN
B
1 Name a pair of adjacent acute angles in each of these diagrams: D
..../...../20...
C
B K T
a b
L ANGLES *
C M
A J
D N
and and
2 Name a reflex angle and an acute angle adjacent to these angles marked with a dot.
Y P S UP IF
a X b MB
BIG THU
YO
U FIND
U
Q
Z AL
*
L FOUR
W T R
S
and and
3 Draw an obtuse angle and label it +PQR . Draw an acute angle +PQS adjacent to it.
4 Each of these angles share an arm. Explain why they are not adjacent to each other.
N
a M b B C
P
Q
A
O D
+MON and +NQP +ADB and +ADC
+MON and +NQP are not adjacent because: +ADB and +ADC are not adjacent because:
14 H 10 Angles
SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
Where does it work? Angles
These special names are given to pairs of angles that add together to a total of 90c or 180c.
Complementary angles are a pair of angles that make a right-angle (90c) when put together.
Calculate the size of +ADB if it is the complement of +BDC
A
C B B
X
W
Y
42c 47c
45c
V Look for a pair of angles that add to 90c
O
43c
U
+UOV + +XOY = 43c + 47c
= 90c
` +UOV and +XOY are complementary angles
Angles H 10 15
Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
Where does it work? Angles
Supplementary angles are a pair of angles that make a straight-angle (180c) when put together.
Calculate the supplement of 132c
The supplement of 132c is: 180c - 132c = 48c Supplementary angles add to 180c
X Y
S
Remember like this: 44c
Supplementary angles 65c
make a Straight angle. W Z
+WZY = +WZX + +XZY +WZY is formed by two adjacent angles
= 65c + 44c
= 109c
L
Diagram not drawn to scale
19c M
X
46c
K 29c 105c
N
J
+MXJ = +MXN + +JXN The total size of other adjacent angles is sometimes needed
+MXJ = 46c + 105c
+MXJ = 151c
16 H 10 Angles
SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
Where does it work? Your Turn Angles
ARY AND
NT
SU
COMPLEME
Complementary and supplementary angles
PPL ENTA
20...
EM
..../
1 Calculate the complement of these angles:
RY .. ../.
*
ANGLES
a 30c b 80c c 46c
d 109c e 19 1 c f 121.3c
4
3 Calculate the size of the missing angle for these pairs of angles to be complementary:
a A b P R S
T
B 11.5c
71c C
D Q U
+BDC = +TSU =
4 Calculate the size of the missing angle for these pair of angles to be supplementary:
X I
a b
D
E
107c H
W Y
O F J
+XOY = +HJI =
Angles H 10 17
Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
Where does it work? Your Turn Angles
V 64c X
44c 46c
O
U Y
B 35c 23c F
24c 30c
37c 31c
A G
O
a +DOF and b +FOG and
MBO.. TIME
It's combo time!
CO ../.
....
7 a Name the pair of adjacent complementary angles in this diagram: /20.
*
TIME *
R S
..
COMBO T
IM
BO
V
b If +UOV is drawn adjacent to +TOU as shown, what size must it be to make +POV a
straight angle? Hint: the angles must all add to 180c
+UOV =
18 H 10 Angles
SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
Where does it work? Angles
When two straight lines cross each other, four angles are created.
2
1 3
4
If you measured each of these angles with your protractor, you will discover that:
Angle 1 = Angle 3
and
Angle 2 = Angle 4
D
A
O B
C
AB and CD are two straight lines crossing each other at O
Adjacent angles formed by the intersection of two straight lines are supplementary.
Calculate the size of these angles:
Z
W 140c
O X
Y
(i) +XOY
+XOY = +WOZ Vertically opposite angles are the same size
` +XOY = 140c
(ii) +WOY
+WOY is adjacent to +WOZ
` +WOY + +WOZ = 180c Adjacent angles of intersecting lines are supplementary
` +WOY + 140c = 180c
` +WOY = 40c
Angles H 10 19
Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
Where does it work? Your Turn Angles
S * VER
GLE TI
AN
CA
Vertically opposite angles
E
Y OPPOSIT
LL
Y OPPOSIT
1 Name and shade all the pairs of vertically opposite angles below:
..../...../20...
LL
J M
CA
E
a P R b AN
GLE TI
S * VER
X
T
S Q
L K
+PTR and +QTS First pair: and
(ii) (ii)
3 This diagram is made up of four straight lines AB, CD, EF and GH intersecting at the same point O.
Name ten different pairs of vertically opposite angles.
A B
O (v) and (vi) and
D
(vii) and (viii) and
H F
20 H 10 Angles
SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
Where does it work? Angles
Parallel lines
Parallel lines never cross each other, so on their own they never form an angle.
We get angles formed when another line that is not parallel crosses them.
Angles that are on alternate sides of the transversal inside a pair of parallel lines are the same size.
H H
G G
A B A B
C D C D
F F
E E
+AGF = +DFG +CFG = +BGF
These are called alternate angles, and they form a ‘zigzag’ shape when highlighted. Let’s call them 'Z-angles'.
Find the size of +POM
Q
P
J K
124c
L M
O
N
+JPO = 124c
+JPO = +POM Alternate angles in parallel lines, JK ;; LM
` +POM = 124c Alternate angles in parallel lines are the same size
Angles H 10 21
Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
Where does it work? Angles
Angles that are in corresponding (matching) positions on a pair of parallel lines are the same size.
H H
G G
A B A B
C D C D
F F
E E
+EFD = +FGB +CFG = +AGH
These are called corresponding angles and they form an ‘F’ shape when highlighted. Let’s call them ‘F-angles’.
Find the size of +LON
Q
J G K
124c
L M
O
N
+JPO = 124c
+JPO = +LON Corresponding angles in parallel lines, JK ;; LM
` +LON = 124c Corresponding angles in parallel lines are the same size
Angles on the same side of the transversal and inside a pair of parallel lines are supplementary.
G H G H
A B A B
C D C D
F F
E E
+DFG + +FGB = 180c +AGF + +CFG = 180c
These are called cointerior angles and they form a ‘C’ shape when highlighted. Let’s call these ‘C-angles’.
Find the size of +LOP
Q
P
J K
124c
L M
O
N
+JPO = 124c
+JPO + +LOP = 180c Cointerior angles in parallel lines, JK ;; LM
` +LOP = 56c Cointerior angles in parallel lines are supplementary
22 H 10 Angles
SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
Where does it work? Your Turn Angles
RALLEL LIN
PA E
Parallel lines
S
..../...../20...
* P
S
AR E
1 For each of these diagrams: (i) Name the transversal. ALLEL LIN
(ii) Name the pair of parallel lines using the correct symbol.
F H
a
W b
A B D
C
C D B
A
X E G
(i) (i)
(ii) (ii)
2 Name all the pairs of alternate, corresponding and cointerior angles in these diagrams:
F H
a X W b
S T
B C
A D
U V
Y
Z
E G
Alternate angles (Z-angles) Alternate angles (Z-angles)
Angles H 10 23
Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
Where does it work? Your Turn Angles
Parallel lines
3 A straight cable QN, runs underneath a railway track as shown. Use the Z-angles and F-angles
properties to complete the table with all the other angles that are the same size as the two given.
Q
J 63c 117c
63c Remember you +JPQ +JPO
P can look for
L 117c vertically opposite
angles too as they
are also equal.
K
O
M
N
4 Find the size of each of these angles and include one of the properties below you used to find them:
Properties: alternate , corresponding , cointerior , vertically opposite , straight
b Try this one with 3 parallel lines! (psst! You will need to use more than one property)
V
+WXB = 128c Property used:
W
P Q Corresponding angle to +TYZ , (+AXY) = 128c
+WXB is vertically opposite to +AXY = 128c
X
A B +AXW = Property used:
Y
T U
128c
Z
+BXY = Property used:
24 H 10 Angles
SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
Where does it work? Your Turn Angles
Parallel lines
Since the rules for Z-angles, F-angles and C-angles only work when lines are parallel, you can use them to
find out whether a pair of lines are parallel or not!
5 For each of these: (i) circle ‘parallel’ or ‘not parallel’ for the lines drawn
(ii) write a reason why you circled the one you did!
81c
U V
Y
c
P R (i) The line PQ and RS are:
PARALLEL NOT PARALLEL
(ii) Reason:
101c
N O
100c
Q S
22c
158c
I
O
H
M
Angles H 10 25
Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
What else can you do? Angles
Angle sums
The size of special angle types learnt earlier can be used to find unknown angles.
Angles that are part of a full revolution are called ‘angles at a point’ and they add to 360c.
Calculate the size of +COD
B
A
62c The angles joined at vertex O sum to equal 360c
38c 125c
D O
C
+AOD + +AOB + +BOC + +COD = 360c
` 38c + 62c + 125c + +COD = 360c
` +COD = 360c - 38c - 62c - 125c
+COD = 135c
L M
+JKN + +MKN + +LKM = 90c
` +JKN, +MKN and +LKM = 90c ' 3 ' 3 as they are all the same size
` +JKN, +MKN and +LKM = 30c
26 H 10 Angles
SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
What else can you do? Your Turn Angles
GLE SUMS
AN
Angle sums
SUMS *
* A
+
For each of these diagrams, calculate the size of the missing angle:
NGLE
1
..../...../20...
LE
a J b C UM
S
K S * ANG
L B 17c
13c
14c
29c A D
M E
N
+JNK = +CED =
X Y
c d Small dots can be used to show equal sized angles
Q
P R
W
72c 76c
Z V S
O
203c
U T
+XOY = Each
angle =
2 Vertically opposite angles can be used to help find the unknown angles for these.
Angles H 10 27
Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
What else can you do? Your Turn Angles
Angle sums
3 Use the parallel line angle properties to help find the size of these angles:
C H
a P b
70c G
W X A B
B 47c
84c 130c
U A V C D
F E
D I
+WBA = +AGH =
+CBX = +AGF =
+ABX = +HGB =
+PBW = +EGF =
Combo Time!
4 Give these tricky ones a go! You have the skills now to use a few different angle properties for each one.
a JK and PQ are straight, parallel lines. b AB and CD are straight, parallel lines.
AB and CD are straight lines. J
P
I B
J H
E 46c
A D A
119c B 141c
Q B
D
F
C
C E G
K H
+PQB = +DFG = Hint: find +EFC first
+PQD =
Hint: find +IFD first
+EFI =
+DQB =
28 H 10 Angles
SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
What else can you do? Angles
Angle problems
Many real life problems can involve the application of the angle properties covered in this booklet.
Trinity is blindfolded and spun around in a children’s party game. If it takes her 7 1 equal-sized steps
2
to complete each circle, how many degrees does she turn with each step?
` Trinity spins 48c with each step she takes. Always answer problems with a statement
100c
Kim and Rohan cannot move.
92c 44c
87c Rohan
37c Wei moves 100c - 72c = 28c counter-clockwise
Sung-Li ` Angle between Kim and Wei = 72c
Erin
Sung-Li moves 92c - 72c = 20c clockwise
` Angle between Kim and Sung-Li = 72c
Sung-Li's movements leave Erin 20c + 37c = 57c away from her.
` Erin moves 72c - 57c = 15c counter-clockwise
` Angle between Sung-Li and Erin 87c - 15c = 72c
` Angle between Wei and Rohan = 72c Only angle left over
Angles H 10 29
Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
What else can you do? Your Turn Angles
* ANG
Angle problems MS
LE
E
PROBL
PROBLE
1 While performing a circular ballet move, Janet turned the first half easily
and then with some extra effort, made it 5 of the remaining way around.
6 ..../...../20...
LE
MS
a How many degrees was Janet away from completing the full circle? * ANG
Start position
?c er me?
Rememb
b She immediately recovers and starts her second move facing where she had stopped. If she
successfully turns another 180c in the same direction, how many degrees away from the start
position is Janet now?
2 Bert is building another web, this time between two straight, parallel beams WX and YZ (WX < YZ ).
His web has three straight supports: AB, DE and GH.
W J A D G X
28c 47c
Y H E B K Z
Bert wants to put in another straight support JK that passes through O, starting at J and finishing at K.
b What is the size of +OJA if all the acute angles +OJA , +BAG and +HGD are complementary?
30 H 10 Angles
SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
What else can you do? Your Turn Angles
Angle problems
3 A toy robot is programmed to move to all of the discs shown below.
It starts on disc A facing in the direction of the arrow.
When it reaches each disc, the robot remains facing the direction it was during the previous move.
Name the order of the discs it moves to if it follows these instructions in order:
A D F Disc order:
A
B
G
C
E
4 As part of a treasure hunt, participants must complete puzzles to receive the name of the next
destination. Here is the puzzle for one stop:
D
27c
A C
B
What answer will get you the name of the next destination?
Angles H 10 31
Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
Cheat Sheet Angles
Arm AB +PQR
Angle swept in degrees (c )
Vertex B C P Q
Arm BC
Rays that form an angle The letter at the vertex is always written in the middle
Angle types A
A
A
Acute angle Right angle Obtuse angle
B C B C B C
0c 1 +ABC 1 90c +ABC = 90c 90c 1 +ABC 1 180c
B
C B A/C
A C Vertex
B Vertex
A
+ABC = 180c 180c 1 reflex +ABC 1 360c +ABC = 360c
Parallel lines
• AB ;; CD: means the line AB is Alternate angles Corresponding angles Cointerior angles
parallel to the line CD
• Arrows indicate parallel lines
B
D
A Equal on Equal on Supplementary
Transversal parallel lines parallel lines on parallel lines
C
32 H 10 Angles
SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
Answers Angles
1. a A C
b X 4. a +LOM or +MOL b +ADC or +CDA
c = +EDH or +HDE
= +FDH or +HDF
Y Z
B Angle types
c d 1. a X b P
Y Z Q R
P
e f c M d
Q
U
P
O R L N G
Angles H 10 33
Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
Answers Angles
3. a 19o b 78.5o
3. a 50o b 35o
4. a 73o b 90o
4. a 60o b 135o c 95o d 170o
34 H 10 Angles
SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
Answers Angles
Angles H 10 35
Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
Answers Angles
Parallel lines
b (i) PARALLEL
(ii) The corresponding angles are the same size
d (i) PARALLEL
(ii) They are parallel because the cointerior
angles are supplementary
Angle sums
2. a 44o b 46o
Angle problems
3.
A D F B C G E
4. 280o
36 H 10 Angles
SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
Angles H
SERIES
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