Isucceed Mathematics Class 12 PDF

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Sample Question Paper 16 1
SAMPLE
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PAPER
(Q U E S T IO N S -S O L U T IO N S )*
16
b
MATHEMATICS
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A Highly Simulated Practice Question Paper for
CBSE Class XII Examination
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100
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General Instructions
All questions are compulsory.
This question paper contains 29 questions.
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Questions 1-4 in Section A are very short answer type questions carrying 1 mark each.
Questions 5-12 in Section B are short answer type questions carrying 2 marks each.
Questions 13-23 in Section C are long answer I type questions carrying 4 marks each.
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Questions 24-29 in Section D are long answer II type questions carrying 6 marks each.
Or
SECTION A
Find the position vector of a point R which
1. Give an example of a relation R on the set divides the line joining the two points P
→ → →
A which is reflexive but neither symmetric and Q with position vectors OP = 2 a + b
nor transitive, where A = {1, 2, 3}. → → →
and OQ = a − 2 b, respectively, in the ratio
−1 −1
2. Evaluate cot(tan a + cot a). 1:2 internally.
3. For a square matrix A, prove that A − A T
is a skew-symmetric matrix.
SECTION B
→ → 5. Solve for x,
4. Find a unit vector parallel to a + b, where
→ → 2 tan −1 (cos x ) = tan −1 (2 cosec x ).
a = i$ + 2 $j − 3 k$ and b = 2 i$ + 4 $j + 9 k$ .
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2 Succeed Mathematics Class XII
x+y x x  x 2 + 1
14. Differentiate y = x x cos x +  2  w.r.t. x.
6. Prove that 5 x + 4 y 4x 2x = x 3.  x − 1
10 x + 8 y 8 x 3 x
Or
sin x
7. Evaluate ∫ dx .  1 + x − 1 − x  dy
sin( x − a) If y = tan −1  , find .
 1 + x + 1 − x  dx
Or
15. If x = a (cos 2t + 2t sin 2t ) and
Evaluate ∫ tan x sec 4 x dx
8
d2 y
π /4 y = a (sin 2t − 2t cos 2t ), then find .
8. Evaluate ∫0 log(1 + tan x ) dx . dx 2
16. Find the intervals in which the function f
9. Find the value of k for which
4 sin x − 2 x − x cos x
1 − cos 4 x given by , 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π
 , when x ≠ 0 2 + cos x
f( x ) =  8 x 2
 k, when x = 0 is (i) increasing. (ii) decreasing.
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is continuous at x = 0. Or
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10. Solve the differential equation Find the values of p for which the curves
(1 + e ) dy + (1 + y ) e dx = 0.
2x 2 x x 2 = 9 p (9 − y ) and x 2 = p( y + 1) cut each
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other at right angles.
11. Prove that
→ → → → → → → → → 17. Evaluate ∫ x sin −1 x dx .
[a + b b+ c c + a] = 2 [ a b c ].
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Or
Or
x2
What can you conclude for non-zero Evaluate ∫ ( x 2 + 1)( x 2 + 4 ) dx.
→ → → →
vectors a, b, c and d, given that
op
π /2 x sin x cos x
→ → → → → →
|( a × b ) ⋅ c| + |( b × c ) ⋅ d|= 0?
18. Evaluate ∫0 sin 4 x + cos4 x
dx.
12. A problem in mathematics is given to dy y sin x

+ = cos x + , where x > 0.
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three students whose chances of solving it

19. Solve
dx x x
correctly are 1/2, 1/3 and 1/4, respectively. → →
What is the probability that only one of 20. If a = i$ + $j + k$ , c = $j − k$ are given vectors,
them solves it correctly? →
then find a vector b satisfying the
Or → → → → →
equations a × b = c and a ⋅ b = 3.
If A and B are two events such that
1 1 1
P( A ) = , P( B) = and P( A ∩ B) = , then 21. Two bikers are running at the speed more
4 2 8 than speed allowed on the road along
find P(not A and not B). →
lines r = (3 i$ + 5 $j + 7 k$ ) + λ ( i$ − 2 $j + k$ )
SECTION C and
→
r = ( − i$ − $j − k$ ) + µ (7 i$ − 6 $j + k$ ).
a b c Using shortest distance, check whether
13. Show that a2 b2 c2 they meet to an accident or not. Also, give
bc ca ab some points which highlight the
importance of traffic rules.
= ( a − b)( b − c)( c − a)( ab + bc + ca).


22. A card from a pack of 52 cards is lost. From Or
the remaining cards of the pack, two cards Draw a rough sketch of y 2 = x + 1 and
are drawn and are found to be hearts. Find y 2 = − x + 1 and determine the area
the probability of the missing card to be a
heart. enclosed by the two curves.
23. A pair of dice is thrown 7 times. If getting a 27. An aeroplane can carry a maximum of 200
total of 7 is considered a success, what is passengers. A profit of ` 1000 is made on
probability of (i) no success? (ii) 6 success? each executive class ticket and a profit of
(iii) at least 6 success? ` 600 is made on each economy class
ticket. The airline reserves at least 20 seats
for executive class. However, atleast 4
SECTION D times as many passengers prefer to travel
by economy class, then by executive class.
24. In an activity organised in the School, Determine how many tickets of each type
Rohan was given the task to put the slogan must be sold in order to maximise profit for
‘SATYAMEV JAYTE’ on a trapezium the airline? What is the maximum profit?
shaped card sheet.
b
Form a linear programming problem and
If the length of three sides of a trapezium solve it graphically.
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other than base, are equal to 10 cm, find
the area of the trapezium when it is 28. Find the equation of the plane contain the
maximum. Explain the meaning of point (1, − 1, 2 ) and is perpendicular to
both the planes 2 x + 3 y − 2 x = 5 and
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‘SATYAMEV JAYTE’.
x + 2 y − 3 z = 8. Hence find the distance of
25. Let N denote the set of all natural numbers the point ( − 2, 5, 5 ) from the plane
are R be the relation on N × N defined by obtained above.
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( a, b) R ( c, d ) ⇔ ad ( b + c) = bc ( a + d ). Or
Check whether R is an equivalence
relation of N × N. Find the foot of perpendicular, length of
perpendicular and the image of the point
Or
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(1, 2, 3) in the plane x + 2 y + 4 z = 38.

Consider f : R+ → ( − 5, ∞ ) given by
29. The sum of three numbers is 6. If we
f( x ) = 9 x 2 + 6 x − 5. Show that f is multiply the number by 3 and add second
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invertible. Also, find the inverse of f. number to it, we get 11. By adding first
and third numbers, we get double of the
26. Using integration, find the area of the second number. Represent it algebracially
region enclosed between the circles and find the numbers using matrix
x 2 + y 2 = 4 and ( x − 2 )2 + y 2 = 4. method.

SAMPLE
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PAPER
17
MATHEMATICS
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100
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SECTION A 4. If the following function f( x )is continuous

at x = 0, then write the value of k.
3x 
1. Find ∫ dx . sin
3x
3x − 1  2 ,
f( x ) =  x ≠0
→ → → →  x
2. If ( a × b )2 + ( a ⋅ b )2 = 225  k, x =0
→ →
and| a | = 5, then write the value of| b|.
3. If A is an invertible matrix of order 2 and SECTION B
det ( A ) = 4, then write the value of
5. The ratio of the number of boys to the
det ( A − 1 ).
number of girls in a class is 1 : 2. It is
Or known that the probabilities of a girl and a
boy getting a first division are 0.25 and
If A and B are matrices of order 3 × 3 such
0.28, respectively. Find the probability
that| A| = 4 and|B| = 3, then find the value
that a student chosen at random will get
of|2 AB −1|. first division.

6. Find the integrating factor of the Shop A Shop B
dy 1+ y Moral education 24 12 

differential equation +y = .  
dx x Non-violence 48 24 
x Truth 36 60 
7. Find ∫ dx .
32 − x 2 If the selling prices of these books are
respectively `400, `350 and `300 per
Or
1
book. Find the total amount received by
∫0 xe
x
Evaluate dx . each shopkeeper, if all the books are sold,
using matrices. Out of the given values,
 π
8. If f( x ) = sin 2 x − cos 2 x , find f ′   . which value(s) is/are used by Gandhiji
  6 during freedom struggle?
Or
14. Bag A contains 3 red and 2 black balls,
−1
If f( x ) = sec(tan x ), then find f ′( x ). while bag B contains 2 red and 3 black
b
9. Find the values of x and y from the balls. A ball drawn at random from bag A
is transferred to bag B and then one ball is
following matrix equation.
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drawn at random from bag B. If this ball
x 5  3 − 4   7 6 
was found to be a red ball, find the
2 +  = 
7 y − 3  1 2  15 14  probability that the ball drawn from bag A
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was red.
10. If the vectors i$ − $j + k$ , 3 i$ + $j + 2 k$ and
Or
i$ + λ$j − 3 k$ are coplanar, then find the value
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of λ. If A and B are two independent events,

then prove that the probability of
Or occurrence of at least one of A and B is
→ →
If a = 2 i$ + 2 $j + 3 k$ , b = − i$ + 2 $j + k$ and given by 1 − P( A ′ ) ⋅ P( B′ ).
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→ → → →
c = 3 i$ + $j such that ( a + λ b ) ⊥ c, then 15. Find the real solutions of the equation
find the value of λ. 1 − x 1
tan − 1   = tan − 1 x, ( x > 0 ).
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1 + x 2
11. Find the particular solution of the
dy 1 + y 2
differential equation = , given 16. Find the coordinates of the foot of
dx 1 + x 2 perpendicular drawn from a point
that y(0 ) = 3 . A(1, 8, 4 ) to the line joining the points
B(0, − 1, 3 ) and C (2, − 3, − 1).
12. A balloon, which always remains
spherical, has a variable diameter → → →
17. If a, b and c are mutually perpendicular
2
(3 x + 1). Find the rate of change of its vectors of equal magnitudes, find the
3 → → →
volume with respect to x. angles which the vector 2 a + b + 2 c
→ → →
makes with the vectors a, b and c.
SECTION C 18. Find the intervals in which the function
13. Two shopkeepers A and B of a particular given by f( x )= 2 x 3 − 3 x 2 − 36 x + 7 is
school have stock of books on moral (i) strictly increasing.
education, non-violence and truth as
(ii) strictly decreasing.
given by


x 2 + x +1 Or
19. Find ∫ ( x + 1)2 ( x + 2 ) dx. Find the equation of tangent to the curve
x = a cos θ + a θ sin θ, y = a sin θ − a θ cos θ
Or
at any point θ of the curve. Also show that at
Find ∫ ( x − 3 ) 3 − 2 x − x 2 dx . any point θ of the curve the normal is at a
constant distance from origin.
dy
20. If y = (cos x )x + sin − 1 3 x , find 26. Given a non-empty set X, consider the
dx
binary operation * : P( X ) × P( X ) → P( X )
Or given by A * B = A ∩ B, ∀ A, B ∈ P( X ),
If y = (sec − 1 x )2 , then show that where P( X )is the power set of X. Show that *
is commutative and associative and X is the
identity element for this operation and X is
d2 y dy the only invertible element in P( X ) with
x 2 ( x 2 − 1) 2
+ (2 x 3 − x ) = 2.
dx dx respect to the operation ‘*’.
b
1 Or
21. A biased die is such that P(4 ) = and
10  4
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other scores are equally likely. The die is Let f : R − −  → R be a function defined
 3
tossed twice. If X is the ‘number of fours 4x
obtained’, find the variance of X. as f( x ) = . Show that f is a one-one
3x + 4
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22. Find the particular solution of the function. Also check whether f is an onto
differential equation function or not.
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dy  4
2 xy + y 2 − 2 x 2 = 0; y = 2 when x = 1. Hence find f − 1 in (Range of f) → R − − .
dx  3
x x dx a b c
23. Evaluate ∫0 1 + sin x .
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27. If a + b + c ≠ 0 and b c a = 0, then using

c a b
SECTION D properties of determinants, prove that
C
a = b = c.
24. Using method of integration find the
area of the ∆ABC, coordinates of whose
28. Find the coordinates of the point of
→
vertices are A(1, − 2 ), B(3, 5 ) and C(5, 2 ). intersection P of the line r = 2 i$ − $j + 2 k$
+ λ(3 i$ + 4 $j + 2 k$ ) and the plane determined
Or
by points A(1, − 2, 2 ), B(4, 2, 3 ) and C(3, 0, 2 ).
Evaluate the following definite integral
as limit of sums. 29. A farmer decides to plant upto 10 hectares
4 with cabbages and potatoes. He decides to
∫0 (3 x 2 + 2 x + 1) dx grow at least 2 but not more than 8 hectares
of cabbages and at least 1 but not more than
25. Show that the right circular cone of least 6 hectares of potatoes. He can make a profit
curved surface and given volume has an of ` 1500 per hectare on cabbages and
altitude equal to 2 times the radius of ` 2000 per hectare on potatoes. How should
the base. he plan his farming so as to, maximize his
profit. Keeping in mind the nutritional.

SAMPLE
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PAPER
18
MATHEMATICS
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100
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SECTION A 3. Is the function f( x ) = |cos x| a continuous

function ? Give reason for your answer.
1. Write the sum of the order and degree of
the following differential equation. 4. For a 3 ´ 3 non-singular matrix A, find k
æd yö
2 2 3 for which| A -1| = | A|k .
æ dy ö
ç 2 ÷ + ç ÷ + x4 = 0
è dx ø è dx ø
Or Write the order and degree of the SECTION B
following differential equation.
5. If 2 éê ù é ù é ù
3 4 1 y 7 0
d5 y dy / dx 2 ú +ê ú =ê úû, then find
+e + y =0 ë5 x û ë 0 1 û ë 10 5
dx 5
( x - y ).
2. Write the vector equation of the line given
x -5 y+4 z-6 dy p
by = = . 6. Find at x = 1, y = , if sin 2 y + cos xy = K.
3 7 2 dx 4

Or Or
-1 2
If y = (tan x ) , then prove that Using properties of determinants prove,
2 2 1+ a 1 1
(1 + x ) y12 - 4 y = 0.
that 1 1+ b 1 = ab + bc + ca + abc.
7. Show that the function 1 1 1+ c
f( x ) = 4 x 3 - 18 x 2 + 27 x - 7 is always
15. Differentiate the function
increasing on R. (sin x )x + sin -1 x with respect to x.
Or
2x
Show that the function f( x ) = ( x - 1)e x + 1 is 16. Find ò dx .
( x + 1) + ( x 2 + 2 )2
2
a strictly increasing function for all x > 0.
Or
8. The volume of a sphere is increasing at the -1
x cos x
rate of 3 cm 3 /s. Find the rate of increase of Evaluate ò dx .
its surface area, when the radius is 2 cm. 1 - x2
b
p /4
9. Find the vector equation of the line 17. Evaluate ò ( tan x + cotx ) dx.
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0
passing through the point A (1, 2, - 1) and
parallel to the line 18. Solve the differential equation
5 x - 25 = 14 - 17 y = 35 Z. (tan -1 x - y ) dx = (1 + x 2 ) dy.
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10. Prove that if E¢ and F¢ are independent
19. Find the value of g, if four points with
events, then the events E and F are also
independent. position vectors 3 i$ + 6 $j + 9 k$ , i$ + 2 $j + 3 k$ ,
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2 i$ + 3 $j + k$ and 4 i$ + 6 $j + g k$ are coplanar.

dx
11. Find ò 2 . Or
x + 4x + 8 Show that the points A, B and C with
position vectors 2 i$ - $j + k$ , i$ - 3 $j - 5 k$ and
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Or
dx 3 i$ - 4 $j - 4 k$ respectively, are the vertices
Evaluate ò . of a right angled triangle. Hence find area
8 + 3x - x 2
C
of the triangle.
12. Verify Lagrange’s Mean value theorem for 20. Find the values of a, so that the following
the function f( x ) = ( x - 4 )( x - 6 )( x - 8 ) in lines are skew.
[4, 10]. x -1 y - 2 z - a x - 4 y -1
= = , = =z
2 3 4 5 2
SECTION C 21. There are 4 cards numbered 1, 3, 5 and 7,
p 1 one number on one card. Two cards are
13. Prove that tan æç + cos -1 ö÷
a
drawn at random without replacement.
è4 2 bø Let X denote the sum of the numbers on
éæ p ö 1 aù 2 b the two drawn cards. Find mean and
+ tan ê ç ÷ - cos -1 ú = .
è
ë 4 ø 2 bû a variance of X.
22. If the students in school, it is known that
14. Using properties of determinants, prove 30% have 100% attendance 70%, students
x x+y x + 2y are irregular, previous years report that
that x + 2 y x x + y = 9 y 2 ( x + y ). 70% of all students who have 100%
x+y x + 2y x attendance attains A grade and 10%
irregular students attain A grade in their


annual examination. At the end of the 27. Find the area enclosed between the
year, one student is chosen at random parabola 4 y = 3 x 2 and the straight line
from the school and he was found to have
3 x - 2 y + 12 = 0.
an A grade. What is the probability that
the students has 100% attendance ? Is Or
regularity required only in school ? Justify Using integration, find the area of the
your answer . region bounded by the curves y = 5 - x 2
23. Find the particular solution of the and y = |x - 1.
|
dy
differential equation ( x - y ) = ( x + 2 y ), 28. A variable plane which remains at a
dx constant distance 3p from the origin cuts
given that y = 0 when x = 1. the coordinate axis at A, B, C show that the
locus of the centroid of ABC is
1 1 1 1
SECTION D x 2
+ 2 + 2 = 2.
y z p
24. Determine the product Or
b
é -4 4 4 ù é1 -1 1 ù Find the equation of the plane through the
ê -7 1 3 ú ê1 -2 -2ú and use it to point (4, - 3, 2 ) and perpendicular to the
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ê úê ú
ë 5 -3 -1û ë2 1 3û line of intersection of the planes
solve the system of equations x - y + z = 4, x - y + 2 z - 3 = 0 and 2 x - y - 3 z = 0. Find
the point of intersection of the line
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x - 2 y - 2 z = 9 and 2 x + y + 3 z = 1. r
r = i$ + 2 $j - k$ + l( i$ + 3 $j - 9 k$ ) and the
25. Show that the relation plane obtained above.
R = {( a, b): a, b Î Z,|a - b|is divisible by 4}
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is an equivalence relation. Find the set of 29. A firm manufactures jute bags and cloth
all elements related to ‘Z’. Also write the bags. The total number of items it can
equivalence class [3]. manufacture is at most 24. A jute bag
requires 1 h to be made while a cloth bag
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26. Show that the surface area of a closed requires only half an hour. The maximum
cuboid with square base and given number of hours available per day is 6 h. If
volume is minimum, when it is a cube. the profit on a jute bag is ` 30 and on a
C
cloth bag is ` 20, how many bags of each

Or type must be made for maximum profit?
An open topped box is to be constructed Solve it graphically.
by removing equal squares from each
The manufacturer wants to replace cloth
corner of a 9m by 24 m rectangular sheet
bags by plastic bags to increase his profit
of aluminium and folding up the sides. margin. Is it a good idea? If not, give
Find the volume of the largest such box. reasons.

SAMPLE
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PAPER
19
MATHEMATICS
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4. Write the direction cosines of a line

SECTION A equally inclined to the three coordinate
axes.
1. Find the principal value of
cos −1 [cos( − 680° )]. SECTION B
Or
 0 6 7 0 1 1
3π

Find the value of sin −1  sin  . 5. If A = − 6 0 8 , B =  1 0 2 
 
 5    
 7 −8 0   1 2 0 
x x 3 4
2. If = , then write the value  2
and C =  −2 , then calculate AC and
1 x 1 2
of x.  
 3 
3. If f: R → R is defined by f( x ) = 3 x + 2, then (A+B)C.
determine f [f( x )].

Or 14. Find the solution of the differential

Find a matrix X such that 2 A + B + X = 0,  y
equation ( x dy − y dx ) ⋅ y sin  
 −1 2  3 −2   x
where A =   and B =  .  y
 3 4 1 5  = ( y dx + x dy ) ⋅ x cos   ,
 x
1 + x 7  given that y = π, when x = 3.
6. For what value of x, the matrix  
3 − x 8 
15. Show that f : N → N given by
is a singular matrix.
x + 1, if x is odd
7. Differentiate cos2 x w.r.t. esin x . f( x ) =  x − 1, if x is even

Or is both one-one and onto.
Differentiate (1 + x 2 )2 w.r.t. tan −1 x. Or
Show that the relation R in the set
8. Using differentials, find the approximate A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} given by R = {( a, b):|a − b|
value of 101
. . is even}, is an equivalence relation.
b
Show that all the elements of {1, 3, 5} are
9. If the derivative tan − 1 ( a + bx ) takes the related to each other and all the elements
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value 1 at x = 0, prove that b = 1 + a2 . of { 2, 4 } are related to each other. But no
element of {1 , 3, 5} is related to any
cos 2 x − cos 2 α
10. Evaluate ∫ element of {2, 4}.
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dx .
cos x − cos α
16. Two integers are selected at random from
Or integers 1 to 11. If the sum is even, then
find the probability that both the numbers
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Evaluate ∫ sin x dx 4
selected are odd.
11. Find the projection vector of 2 i$ − $j + k$ on Or
i$ − 2 $j + k$ . If a machine is correctly setup, it produces
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90% acceptable items. If it is incorrectly

12. Show that the line setup, it produces only 40% acceptable
→
r = ( i$ + $j ) + λ (2 i$ + $j + 4 k$ ) is parallel to items.
C
→ Past experience shows that 80% of the

the plane r ⋅( − 2 i$ + k$ ) = 5. Also, find the setups are correctly done.
distance between the line the plane. If after a certain setup, the machine
produces 2 acceptable items, then find the
SECTION C probability that the machine is correctly
setup.
13. A farmer possesses 30 acre cultivated land 17. If ( ax + b)e y / x = x , then prove that
that must be cultivated into two different
modes of cultivation-organic and  d 2 y   dy 
2
x 
3
 = x − y .
inorganic. The field for organic and  dx   dx 
2
inorganic systems of cultivation is 11
quintal/acre and 14 quintal /acre, Or
respectively. Using matrix method,  π x
determine how to divide 30 acre land If y = log tan  +  , then show that
 4 2
among two modes of cultivation to obtain dy
yields of 390 quintal. − sec x = 0.
dx


18. Prove that away from the starting point. Do you
think drinking habit can ruin one’s family
8  3  36 
sin −1   + sin −1   = cos −1   . life?
 17   5  85 
26. Find the distance of the point P(3, 4, 4)
sin( x − α ) from the point, where the line joining the
19. Evaluate ∫ dx.
sin( x + α ) points A(3, − 4, − 5) and B (2, − 3,1)
intersects the plane 2 x + y + z = 7.
20. Using properties of determinate, prove Or
a b− c c+ b Find the equation of plane passing
that a + c b c−a through the intersection of the planes
a− b b+ a c 2 x + 3 y − z + 1 = 0, x + y − 2 z + 3 = 0 and
perpendicular to the plane
= ( a + b + c)( a2 + b2 + c2 ). 3 x − y − 2 z − 4 = 0. Also, find the angle of
this plane with the XZ-plane.
21. Form the differential equation
27. Find the area bounded by the region
b
representing the family of curves given
by ( x − a) + 2 y = a , where a is
2 2 2
{( x , y ): x 2 + y 2 ≤ 1 , 2 x + 2 y ≥ 1}.
ita
arbitrary constant.
28. A company manufactures two articles A
0
22. Evaluate ∫ |x cos π x |dx . and B. There are two departments through
yK
−1
which these articles are processed
Or
(i) assembly and
π /2 cos x
Evaluate ∫0 dx . (ii) finishing departments.
yM
3
 x x The maximum capacity of the assembly
 cos + sin 
 2 2 department is 60 h a week and that of
finishing department is 48 h a week.
23. A jet of enemy country is flying along the Production of each unit of article A
op
curve x 2 = 4 y . A soldier placed at point requires 4 h in assembly and 2 h in

( − 1, 2 ) wants to shoot down the jet of finishing and that of each unit of article B
enemy, when it is nearest to him. Find the requires 2 h in assembly and 4 h in
C
nearest point to the soldier. How does this finishing. If profit is ` 6 for each unit of
problem help soldiers in the battle field? A and ` 8 for each unit of B, then find out
Justify your answer. the number of units of A and B
to be produced every week to give
SECTION D maximum profit.
24. Show that the height of the cone of a a2 1 + a3

maximum volume that can be inscribed in 29. If b b2 1 + b3 = 0 and vectors (1, a, a2 ),
4a
sphere of radius a is . c c2 1 + c3
3
Or (1, b, b2 ) and (1, c, c2 ) are non-coplanar,
Find the area of largest isosceles triangle then find the value of abc.
having perimeter 18 inch.
Or
25. A drunkard man takes a step forward with Find the angle between the lines where
probability 0.4 and a step backward with direction cosines are given by equation.
probability 0.6. Find the probability that at
the end of eleven steps, he is one step l + m + n = 0; l 2 + m 2 − n 2 = 0

SAMPLE
UESTI N
PAPER
20
b
MATHEMATICS
ita
yK
100
yM

op
C
SECTION A 4. If x = acos3 q, y = asin 3 q, then find the

dy p
® ® value of at q = .
1. Give an example of vectors a and b such dx 6
® ® ® ®
that| a| and| b| are equal but a ¹ b.
SECTION B
Or Find a unit vector, which is perpendicular
to both the vectors 4 i$ - $j + 3 k$ and
5. If 4 sin -1 x + cos -1 x = p, then find the
value of x.
- 2 i$ + $j - 2 k.
$
-3
6. Find the inverse of the matrix éê
2ù
.
2. If A is matrix of order 3 ´ 3 and| A|= 4, then ë5 -3úû
find the value of|adj A|. Hence find the matrix P satisfying the
3. Show that the function f( x ) = x 2 - 5 x + 1 is é -3 2 ù é1 2 ù
matrix equation P ê = .
neither increasing nor decreasing in[0, 5]. ë 5 -3úû êë2 -1úû

1 14. Find ‘a’ and ‘b’, if the function given by

7. Prove that if £ x £ 1, then
2 ì ax 2 + b, if x < 1
éx 3 - 3x 2 ù p f( x ) = í is differentiable at
cos -1 x + cos -1 ê + ú= . î 2 x + 1, if x ³ 1
êë 3 2 úû 3 x = 1.
8. Find the approximative change in the Or

1 Determine the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ such
value of , which x changes from 2 to
x2 that the following function is continuous
x = 2.002. at x = 0.
2 + sin 2 x ì x + sin x
9. Find ò e x dx .
ï sin( a + 1)x , if - p < x < 0
1 + cos 2 x
ï
Or f( x ) = í 2, if x =2
ï 2( esin bx - 1)
e5 loge x - e4 loge x ï , if x >0
Evaluate ò dx . î bx
e3 loge x - e2 loge x
2
b
æ 1 ö
10. Verify that ax 2 + by 2 = 1 is a solution of the 15. If y = log ç x + ÷ , then prove that
è xø
ita
differential equation x( yy 2 + y12 ) = yy1 .
x ( x + 1)2 y 2 + ( x + 1)2 y1 = 2.
11. If A and B are two events such that 16. Find the equation(s) of the tangent(s) to
yK
P( A ) = 0.4, P( B) = 0.8 and P( B / A ) = 0.6, the curve y = ( x 3 - 1)( x - 2 ) at the points
then find P( A / B).
where the curve intersects the X-axis.
Or
yM
Or
3 1 1
If P( A ) = , P( B) = and P( A Ç B) = , then Find the intervals in which the function
8 2 4 4
find P( A / B) and P( B / A ). f( x ) = -3 log(1 + x ) + 4 log(2 + x ) - is
2+ x
op
12. If x , y and z are non-zero real numbers and strictly increasing or strictly decreasing.
r r r
a = x i$ + 2 $j , b = yj$ + 3 k$ and c = x i$ + yj$ + zk$ 2 e x + 3 e -x
r r 17. If ò dx = Ax + B log(3 e2 x + 4 )+ C ,
3 e x + 4 e -x
C
are such that a ´ b = z i$ - 3 $j + k$ , then find

the value of [a b c]. then find values of A and B.
Or 18. A tank with rectangular base and
Show that four points whose position rectangular sides, open at the top is to be
vectors are 6 i$ - 7 $j , 16 i$ - 29 $j - 4 k$ , 3 $j - 6 k$ , constructed so that its depth is 2 m and
2 i$ + 5 $j + 10 k$ are coplanar. volume is 8 m 3 . If building of tank costs
` 70 per sq m for the base and ` 45 per sq m
SECTION C for sides. What is the cost of least
expensive tank? What kind of value is
1 a a2 hidden in this question and what is its use
13. If D = a a2 1 = - 4. Then, find the in practical life?
a2 1 a
19. Find the particular solution of the
a3 - 1 0 a - a4 differential equation
value of 0 a - a4 a3 - 1 .
ye y dx = ( y 3 + 2 xe y )dy , y(0 ) = 1
a - a4 a3 - 1 0


Or commutative. Find the identity element
2 2
Let ( x + y ) dy = xydx . If y(1) = 1 and for *, if it exists.
y( x 0 ) = e, then find the value of x 0 . é3 2 1ù
r r r
20. If a, b and c are three vectors such that 25. If A = 4 -1 2 ú, then find A -1 and
ê
r r r ê ú
a + b + c = 0, then prove that ë7 3 -3û
r r r r r r hence solve the following system of
a ´ b = b ´ c = c ´ a, and hence show that
r r r equations.
[a, b, c] = 0.
3 x + 4 y + 7 z = 14, 2 x - y + 3 z = 4,
21. Find the equation of the line which x + 2y - 3z = 0
x + 2 y - 3 z+1 Or
intersects the lines = =
1 2 4 é2 1 1 ù
x -1 y - 2 z - 3
and = = and passes If A = ê1 0 1 ú, find the inverse of A
2 3 4 ê0 2 -1ú
through the point (1, 1, 1). ë û
using elementary row transformations
b
22. Bag 1 contains 1 white, 2 black and 3 red and hence solve the following matrix
balls, Bag II contains 2 white, 1 black and equation XA = [1 0 1].
ita
1 red balls, Bag III contains 4 white,
26. Using integration, find the area in the first
3 black and 2 red balls. A bag is chosen at quadrant bounded by the curve y = x|x|,
yK
random and two balls are drawn from it the circle x 2 + y 2 = 2 and the Y -axis.
with replacement. They happen to be p
white and red. What is the probability that p /4
x+
27. Evaluate ò 4 dx .
they come from bag III?
yM
-p /4 2 - cos 2 x
23. Four bad oranges are accidentally mixed Or

with 16 goods ones. Find the probability 3
Evaluate ò (3 x 2 - 2 x + 4 ) dx as the limit of
distribution of the number of bad oranges
op
2
when two oranges are drawn at random a sum.
from this lot. Find the mean and variance 28. Find the distance of point - 2 i$ + 3 $j - 4 k$
C
of the distribution.
from the line r = i$ + 2 $j - k$ + l( i$ + 3 $j - 9 k$ )
measured parallel to the plane
SECTION D x - y + 2 z - 3 = 0.
24. If the function f : R ® R be defined by 29. A retired person has ` 70000 to invest in
two types of bonds. First type of bond
f( x ) = 2 x - 3 and g : R ® R by g( x ) = x 3 + 5,
yields an annual income of 8% on the
then find fog and show that fog is amount invested and the second type of
invertible. Also, find ( f o g )-1 , hence find bond yields 10% per annum. As per norms
( fog )-1 (9 ). he has to invest minimum of ` 10000 in
first type and not more than ` 30000 in
Or second type. How should be plan his
A binary operation * is defined on the set R investment so as to get maximum return
ì a, if b = 0 after one year of investment? Do you think
of real numbers by a * b = í .
î|a|+ b, if b ¹ 0 that a person should start saving at an
If at least one of a and b is 0, then prove early age for his retirement? Can you
name some avenues?
that a * b = b * a. Check whether * is

SAMPLE
UESTI N
PAPER
21
MATHEMATICS
b
ita
yK
100
yM

op
C
SECTION A
1. Determine the value of ‘k’ for which the 3. Find the distance between the planes
following function is continuous at x = 3.
2 x − y + 2 z = 5 and 5 x − 2.5 y + 5 z = 20.
( x + 3 )2 − 36 Or
 ,x ≠3
f( x ) =  x −3 →
 Reduce the equation r ⋅(3 i$ − 4 $j + 12 k$ ) = 5
 k, x =3
to normal form and hence find the length
2. If for any 2 × 2 square matrix A, of perpendicular from the origin to the
plane.
8 0  sin 2 x − cos2 x
A (adj A) =  , then write the value
0 8 
4. Find ∫ sin x cos x dx.
of| A |.

SECTION B SECTION C
dx
5. Find ∫ 5 − 8x − x 2 . 13. Two cards are drawn successively with
replacement from a well shuffled pack of
52 cards. Find the probability distribution
Or of the number of diamond cards drawn.
sin 2 x Also, find the mean and the variance of
Evaluate ∫ 1 + cos x dx. the distribution.
14. If the vertices A, B, C of ∆ABC having
6. Find the number of solutions of position vectors (1, 2, 3), (−1, 0, 0),
dy y + 1 (0, 1, 2) respectively, then find ∠ABC.
= , when y (1) = 2.
dx x − 1 15. In shop A, 30 tin pure ghee and 40 tin
adulterated ghee are kept for sale while in
7. A die, whose faces are marked 1, 2, 3, in shop B, 50 tin pure ghee and 60 tin
red and 4, 5, 6 in green, is tossed. Let A be
adulterated ghee are there. One tin of
the event “number obtained is even” and
b
ghee is purchased from one of the shops
B be the event “number obtained is red”.
randomly and it is found to be adulterated.
ita
Check whether A and B are independent
events or not. Find the probability that it is purchased
from shop B.
Or
yK
(i) How adulteration is dangerous for
A policeman fires four bullets on a dacoit. humanity?
The probability that the dacoit will be
(ii) What can you do against adulteration?
killed by one bullet is 0.6. What is the
x −3 x+3 π
yM
probability that the dacoit is still alive? 16. If tan −1 + tan −1 = , then find
→ → x −4 x+4 4
8. If a = 2 i$ − $j + k$ , b = i$ + $j − 2 k$ and
the value of x.
→ →
c = i$ + 3 $j − k$ , then find λ such that a is
op
17. Using properties of determinants, prove

→ →
perpendicular to λ b + c. a2 + 2 a 2 a + 1 1
that 2 a + 1 a + 2 1 = ( a − 1)3 .
C
Or
→ 3 3 1
Find λ, if the vectors a = i$ + 3 $j + k$ ,
→ →
b = 2 i$ − $j − k$ and c = λi$ + 7 $j + 3 k$ are Or
coplanar. p b c
9. Show that the function If a q c = 0, then find the value of
f( x ) = x 3 − 3 x 2 + 3 x − 100 a b r
is increasing on R. p q r
+ + ; p ≠ a, q ≠ b, r ≠ c.
10. Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function p−a q−b r−c
 π dy
f( x ) = sin 2 x in 0, . 18. If x y + y x = ab , then find .
 2 dx
11. If A is a skew-symmetric of order 3, then Or
prove that det A = 0.
If e ( x + 1) = 1, then show that
y
12. The radius of a circle is increasing at the 2

rate of 0.7 cm/s. What is the rate of d2 y  dy 
=  .
increase of its circumference? dx 2  dx 


π x tan x 2 −3 5 
19. Evaluate ∫0 sec x + tan x
dx .
26. If A = 3 2 −4 , then find A −1 and
 
Or 1 1 −2 
4 hence solve the system of linear equations
Evaluate ∫1 {|x − 1| + |x − 2| + |x − 3|} dx. 2 x − 3 y + 5 z = 11, 3 x + 2 y − 4 z = − 5 and
x + y − 2 z = − 3.
20. Find the following particular soultion of
the differential equation. 27. Find the equation of the plane which
dy x(2 log |x| +1) π passes through (1, 0, 0) and (0, 1, 0) and
= , given that y= π
dx sin x + y cos y 2 which makes an angle with the plane
4
when x = 1. x + y = 3.
e x dx
21. Find ∫ . Or
( e − 1) ( e + 2 )
x 2 x
Find the equation of plane containing the
→ → x −3 y+2 4−z
22. If a = 2 i$ − $j − 2 k$ and b = 7 i$ + 2 $j − 3 k$ , line = = and the point
b
→ → → →
2 9 1
then express b in the form of b = b1 + b2 , ( −6, 3, 2 ).
ita
→ → →
where b1 is parallel to a and b2 is 28. The fuel cost for running a train is
→ proportional to the square of the speed
yK
perpendicular to a. generated in km/h. If the fuel costs ` 48/h
23. Find the general solution of the at speed 16 km/h and the fixed charges
dy amount to ` 1200/h, then find the most
− y = cos x .
yM
differential equation economical speed of train, when total

dx distance covered by train is s km. Keeping
the economical status of country in mind,
SECTION D justify the values to be promoted in this
op
question.
24. Using the method of integration, find the
29. Consider f : R − −  → R −   given by
area of the ∆ ABC, coordinates of whose 4 4
vertices are A (4, 1), B (6, 6 ) and C (8, 4 ).  3 3 
C
4x + 3
Or f( x ) = . Show that f is bijective. Find
3x + 4
Sketch the graph of y = |x + 3| and the inverse of f and hence find f −1 (0) and
0
x such that f −1 ( x ) = 2.
evaluate ∫− 6 |x + 3| dx.
Or
25. A small firm manufactures gold rings and
chains. The total number of rings and Let f : Z → Z and g : Z → Z be defined by
chains manufactured per day is atmost 24. f( n ) = 3 n for all n ∈ Z and
It takes 1 h to make a ring and 30 min to n
make a chain. The maximum number of  , if n is a multiple of 3
g( n ) =  3 .
hours available per day is 16. If the profit 0, if n is not a multiple of 3
on a ring is ` 300 and that on a chain is
` 190, then find the number of rings and Show that gof = I z and fog ≠ I z .
chains that should be manufactured per
day so as to earn the maximum profit.
Make it as an LPP and solve it graphically.

SAMPLE
UESTI N
PAPER
22
MATHEMATICS
b
ita
yK
100
yM

op
C
SECTION A SECTION B
1. Check whether the relation R in R defined 2 0 1 
by R = {( a, b): a < b} is symmetric. 5. If A = 2 1 3 , then find the value of
 
π 1 
2. Evaluate cos  − cos −1   . 1 − 1 0 
3  2 
A 2 − 3 A + 2 I. Also, find the cofactors of
3. If X m × 4 Y p × 5 = Z3 × b for the matrices X , Y a22 and a32 in| A|.
and Z, then find the values of m, p and b. 1 − sin x
4. Find the vector and cartesian equations of 6. Simplify tan − 1 .
1 + sin x
the line through the points A(3, 4, − 7 ) and
B(1, − 1, 6 ). 7. Prove that
Or
 1  2 1  3
Find the angle between the vectors tan − 1   + tan − 1   = cos − 1   .
 4  9 2  5
4 i$ − 2 $j + 4 k$ and 3 i$ − 6 $j − 2 k$ .

8. If y = x x , then prove that 15. Find the general solution of the

2 2 differential equation
d y 1  dy  y
−   − = 0. (1 + tan y )( dx − dy ) + 2 xdy = 0.
dx 2 y  dx  x
Or
Or
Form the differential equation of the
If y = tan x + sec x , then prove that
family of curves represented by
d2 y cos x c( y + c)2 = x 3 , where c is a parameter.
= .
dx 2
(1 − sin x )2
16. Solve the following differential equation.
sin 6 x + cos6 x
9. Evaluate ∫ sin 2 x ⋅ cos2 x
dx .  e− 2 x
 −
y  dx
 = 1; x ≠ 0
 x  dy
 x
Or
→ → →
Evaluate ∫ e x
e 2x
+ 4 dx . 17. If a, b and are three mutually
c
perpendicular vectors of equal
b
cos x − sin x 0  magnitude, then prove that the angle
10. If f( x ) = sin x cos x 0 , then show → → →
ita
  which ( a + b + c ) makes with any of the
 0 0 1  → → →  1 
vectors a, b and c is cos − 1  .
that f( x ) ⋅ f( x ) = f( x + y ).  3
yK
1 1
18. If ( x − a)2 + ( y − b)2 = c2 , for some c > 0,
11. If A =  , then prove by induction that
0 1 3 /2
  dy  
2
yM
1 n 1 +   
An =  for all n ∈ N.  dx  
0 1  then prove that
 
is a
d2 y
12. Solve the following system of equations by dx 2
op
matrix method. constant independent of a and b.

x + 2 y = 1, 3 x + y = 4 Or
C
Or If the function is defined by

If there are two values of a which makes 1 − sin 3 x π
x<
1 −2 5  , 2 is
f( x ) =  3 cos2 x
determinant, ∆ = 2 a − 1 = 86, then  π
a, x=
0 4 2a  2
b(1 − sin x ) π π
find the sum of these number. , x > continuous at x = ,
(π − 2x ) 2 2 2
then find the values of a and b.
SECTION C 19. If x = a(cos t + t sin t ) and
13. Let T be the set of triangles in the plane π
y = a(sin t − t cos t ), 0 < t <
, then find the
with R as a relation in T given by 2
R = {(T1 , T2 ): T1 ≅ T2 }, show that R is an 2
d2 x d y d2 y
equivalence relation. values of 2 , 2 and .
dt dt dx 2
1 1 1
n n+2 n+4 20. A person wants to construct a hospital in a
14. Evaluate C1 C1 C1 .
n n+2 n+4
village for welfare. The probabilities are
C2 C2 C2 0.40 that some bad elements oppose this


work, 0.80 that the hospital will be →
r = 11i$ − 2 $j − 8 k$ + λ(10 i$ − 4 $j − 11k$ ).
completed, if there is no any oppose of any
bad elements and 0.30 that the hospital Also, find the length of the perpendicular.
will be completed, if bad elements oppose. 26. A manufacturer has three machines I, II
Determine the probability that the and III installed in his factory in rural
construction of hospital will be completed.
area, to engage the employees from that
What value is reflected in the question?
rural area. Machines I and II are capable
21. A particle moves along the curve of being operated for almost 12 h, whereas
6 y = x 3 + 2, find the points on the curve at machine III must be operated for at least
which y-coordinate is changing 8 times as 5 h a day. He produces only two items A
fast as x-coordinate. and B each requiring the use of all three
x+2 machines. The number of hours required
22. Evaluate ∫ dx . for producing 1 unit of A and B on the
( x − 2 )( x − 3 )
three machines are in given below
Or
Number of hours required on machines
b
sin 2 x
∫ ( a + b cos x )2
Item
Evaluate dx . I II III
ita
A 1 2 1
23. Let f( x ) = x − [x ], for every real numbers x, B 2 1 1.25
where [x ] is the greatest integer less than
yK
1 He makes a profit of ` 600 and ` 400 on the
or equal to x. Then, evaluate ∫− 1 f( x ) dx. items A and B, respectively. How many
items of each, he has to produce to
maximise his profit, assuming that he can
yM
SECTION D sell all the items produced by him? Find

the maximum profit also.
24. Find the point on the curve y 2 = 2 x , which
is at a minimum distance from the point 27. Find the area of the region
op
(1, 4).
{( x , y ): y 2 ≤ 4 x , 4 x 2 + 4 y 2 ≤ 9}.
Or
Or
Find the intervals in which the function
C
given by Calculate the area of the region enclosed

3 4 4 3 36 x between the circles x 2 + y 2 = 1 and
f( x ) = x − x − 3x 2 + + 11 is 2
10 5 5  1
 x −  + y = 1.
2
(i) strictly increasing.  2 

(ii) strictly decreasing. 28. Amit speaks the truth 8 times out of 10
25. Find the equation of the plane passing times. A die is tossed, he reports that it was
through the point (1, − 2, 1) and 5. What is the probability that it was
perpendicular to the line joining the actually 5 and what value is reflected from
points (3, 2, 1) and (1, 4, 2). Also, find the Amit by speaking truth more number of
perpendicular distance of origin from the times?
plane.
29. Find the equation of the plane passing
Or
through the point ( − 1, − 1, 2 ) and
Find the foot of the perpendicular from the perpendicular to the planes
point 2 i$ − $j + 5 k$ on the line
3 x + 2 y − 3 z = 1 and 5 x − 4 y + z = 5.

SAMPLE
UESTI N
PAPER
23
MATHEMATICS
b
ita
yK
100
yM

op
C
SECTION A Or
 12   If a line makes angle 90°, 60° and 30° with
1. Find the value of sin 2 cot − 1   .
  5   the positive direction of X , Y and Z-axes
respectively, find its direction cosines.
2. Give an example of a relation R on the set
{1, 2, 3}, which is symmetric but neither
reflexive nor transitive.
SECTION B
3 − 4 
3 3 2 2 − 1 2  5. If A =  , then show that A − A is a
T
3. If A =   and B = 1 2 4 , 7 8 
4 2 0   
skew symmetric matrix where A T is the
verify that ( A + B)′ = A ′ + B′.
transpose of A.
4. Find the equation of line passing through
the point (2, 1, 3) having the direction
ratios (1, 1, − 2 ).

3 − 2  1 0  annum, which will be given to orphanage

6. If A =   and I = 0 1 , then find k,
4 − 2    and second bond pays 7% interest per
so that A 2 = kA − 2 I. annum, which will be given to financial
benefits of the trust. Using matrix
5x 1 1
7. If y = tan − 1 , − <x< , then multiplication, determine how to divide
1 − 6x 62
6 ` 30000 among two types of bonds, if the
dy 2 3 trust fund obtains an annual total interest
prove that = + .
dx 1 + 4 x 2 1 + 9 x 2 of ` 1800?
8. If the radius of a sphere is measured as 14. Find the equation of all lines having slope
9 cm with an error of 0.03 cm, then find 2 and being tangent to the curve
2
the approximate error in calculating its y+ = 0.
volume. x −3
9. Show that the function f( x ) = |sin x + cos x | 15. Let ‘*’ be a binary operation defined on Q.
is continuous at x = π. Find which of the following binary
operation are associative? Also, justify
b
Or your answer.
ita
Determine f(0 ) so that the function f( x ) (i) a * b = a − b, ∀ a, b ∈ Q
(4 x − 1)3 ab
defined by f( x ) = (ii) a * b = , ∀ a, b ∈ Q
x  x2  4
sin log 1 + 
yK
(iii) a * b = a − b + ab, ∀ a, b ∈ Q
4  3
(iv) a * b = ab2 , ∀ a, b ∈ Q
becomes continuous at x = 0.
Or
10. Evaluate ∫ (1 − cos x ) cosec 2 x dx
yM
Let * be a binary operation on Q defined

5 ab
Or by a * b = . Show that * operation is
3
Find the anti-derivative F of f defined by commutative, associative, find identify
op
f( x ) = 4 x 3 − 6, where F(0 ) = 3. element, if it exists and also find a − 1 .

→ → → → → 16. Bag I contains 3 red and 4 black balls,
11. If a + b + c = 0 and| a | = 37,| b | = 3, while bag II contains 5 red and 6 black
C
→ →
| c | = 4, then find the angle between b balls. One ball is drawn at random from
→ one of the bags and it is found to be red.
and c.
Find the probability that it was drawn from
12. Find the cartesian equation of the plane bag II.
x −1 y − 3
perpendicular to the line = Or
2 −1
z−4 An urn contains 4 white and 3 red balls.
= and passing through the origin. Let X be the number of red balls in a
2 random draw of 3 balls. Find the mean and
Or variance of X.
Show that the points A(2, 3, − 4 ), B(1, −2, 3 ) x y dy
17. If y = b tan − 1  + tan − 1  , then find .
and C(3, 8, − 11) are collinear. a x dx
Or
SECTION C
 a sin x + b cos x  dy
13. A trust fund has ` 30000 that is to be
If y = sin −1   , then find .
 a2 + b2  dx
invested in two different types of bonds.
The first bond pays 5% interest per


 α  π β  distribution for the selected persons who
18. Prove that 2 tan − 1  tan ⋅ tan  −  
 2  4 2  are non-violent. Also, find the mean of the
distribution. Explain the importance of
 sin α ⋅ cos β  non-violence in patriotism.
= tan − 1  .
 cos α + sin β 26. Find the shortest distance between the
x+2 lines l1 and l2 , whose vector equations are
19. Evaluate ∫ (x 2 + 3x + 3) x +1
dx . →
r = i$ + $j + λ(2 i$ − $j + k$ )
→
20. If a, b and c are in AP, then show that and r = 2 i$ + $j − k$ + µ(3 i$ − 5 $j + 2 k$ ).
x + 2 x + 3 x + 2a Or
x + 3 x + 4 x + 2 b = 0. Find the equation of the plane through
x+4 x+5 x + 2c line of intersection of planes
x + y + z − 6 = 0 and 2 x + 3 y + 4 z + 5 = 0
dy y and the point (1, 1, 1).
21. + = 0, where x denotes the
dx x
27. Find the area under the curve y = 3 x + 4
b
percentage population living in a city and
y denotes the area for living a healthy life between x = 0, x = 4 and the X-axis.
ita
of population. Find the particular solution, 28. A firm deals with two kinds of fruit
when x = 100 and y = 1. Is higher density juices–pineapple and orange juice. These
of population is harmful? Justify your are mixed and two mixtures are sold as
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answer. soft drinks A and B. One tin of A requires
πx
22. Evaluate ∫ log sin   dx . 4 L of pineapple and 1 L of orange juice.
1
0  2 One tin of B requires 2 L of pineapple and
yM
3 L of orange juice. The firm has only 46 L

23. If a2 x 4 + b2 y 4 = c6 , then prove that of pineapple juice and 24 L of orange
c3 juice. Each tin of A and B are sold at a
maximum value of xy is . profit ` 4 and ` 3, respectively. How many
op
2 ab
tins of each type should the firm produce
to maximise the profit? Solve the problem
SECTION D graphically.
C
24. Find the absolute maximum and 29. Show that the points A(2, −1, 1),
minimum values of the function f given by B(1, − 3, − 5 ) amd C(3, − 4, − 4 ) are the
f( x ) = cos2 x + sin x , x ∈[0, π]. vertices of a right-angled triangle. Also,
Or find the remaining angles of the triangle.
A cone is circumscribed to a sphere of Or
radius a. Show that volume of the cone is → → →
minimum of its altitude is 4a and its If a, b, c are three mutually perpendicular
1
semi-vertical angle is sin − 1 . vectors of the some magnitude, prove that
3 → → →
( a + b + c ) is equally inclined to the
25. There is a group of 100 people who are → → →
patriotic out of which 70 believe in vectors a, b and c.
non-violence. Two persons are selected at
random out of them, write the probability

SAMPLE
UESTI N
PAPER
24
MATHEMATICS
b
ita
yK
100
yM

op
C
SECTION A 3. Find the distance of vector 2 i$ + $j − k$ from

→
  3 π the plane r ⋅( i$ − 2 $j + 4 k$ ) = 9.
1. Find the value of cos cos −1  −  + .
  2  4
4. What positive value of x makes the
Or following pair of determinants equal?
 1  2 x 3 16 3

Find the value of tan −1 2 cos  2 sin −1  . ,
  2  5 x 5 2
2. If * is a binary operation on the set R of real SECTION B

numbers defined by a * b = a + b − 2, then
find the identity element for the binary 5. If sin y = x sin( a + y ), then prove that
operation *. dy sin 2 ( a + y )
= .
dx sin a

6. If an error of k% is made in measuring the 14. Show that family of curves for which the
radius of a sphere. Then, find the slope of the tangent at any point (x, y) on it
percentage error in its volume. x2 + y2
is , is given by x 2 − y 2 = Cx .
π /2 tan 7 x 2 xy
7. Evaluate ∫0 cot7 x + tan 7 x
dx .
Or
Solve the differential equation
Or
( x 2 − y x 2 ) dy + ( y 2 + x 2 y 2 ) dx = 0.
1 2 − x
Evaluate ∫−1 log 
2+ x
 dx.
15. Find the coordinates of the point, where
the line through (3, − 4, − 5 ) and (2, − 3, 1 )
8. Find all the points of discontinuity of the crosses the plane passing through the
function f defined by
three points (2, 2, 1),(3, 0, 1) and(4, − 1 , 0 ).
x + 2, if x < 1

f( x ) =  0, if x = 1 . 16. A card from a pack of 52 cards is lost, from
x − 2, if x > 1 the remaining cards of the pack, two cards
 are drawn and found to be of clubs. Find
b
9. Prove that the probability of the missing card to be of
ita
club.
−1  3 x − x 
3
 2x 
tan −1 x + tan −1   = tan  ,
1 − x 2   1 − 3x 2  17. A committee of 4 students is selected at
1 random from a group consisting of 8 boys
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|x |< . and 4 girls. If there is atleast one girl in the
3 committee, then calculate the probability
Or that there are exactly 2 girls in the
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committee. Identify the value being

 ab + 1  bc + 1
Prove that cot −1   + cot −1   highlighted in the above case by including
 a− b  b− c atleast one girl in the committee.
 ca + 1
+ cot −1   = 0. 1 1 − 1  1 3
op
 c− a
18. If A = 2 0 3 , B =  0 2  and
 
   
10. Show that the elements along the main 3 − 1 2   − 1 4 
diagonal of a skew-symmetric matrix are
C
1 2 3 − 4
all zero. C= , then find
2 0 − 2 1
2 1 1
11. If P( A ) = , P( B) = and P( A ∩ B) = , A( BC ), ( AB)C and show that
5 3 5
then find P( A / B ). ( AB) C = A( BC ).
→ → → → → Or
12. If| a + b| = 60,| a − b| = 40 and| a| = 22,
→  2 − 2 − 4
then find| b|. Express the matrix B =  − 1 3 4  as
 
Or  1 − 2 − 3 
→ → → →
If | a|= 26, | b|= 7 and | a × b| = 35, then the sum of a symmetric and a
→ → skew-symmetric matrix.
find a⋅ b.
2x 2 + 3
19. Evaluate ∫ x 2 + 5 x + 6 dx.
SECTION C
Or
1  1 
13. Evaluate ∫ tan −1
 2  dx. xe x
0
 x − x + 1
Evaluate ∫ (1 + x )2 dx .


20. Prove that Or
→ → → → → → →→→ Find the distance of the point ( −2, 3, − 4 )
a⋅ {( b + c ) × ( a + 2 b + 3 c )} = [ a b c ].
x + 2 2y + 3 3z + 4
from the line = = ,
21. For the curve y = 4 x 3 − 2 x 5 , find all the 3 4 5
points at which the tangent passes measured parallel to the plane
through the origin. 4 x + 12 y − 3 z + 1 = 0.
22. If y = ( x + 1 + x 2 )n , then show that 27. A given right circular cone has volume p
d2 y dy and the largest right circular cylinder that
(1 + x 2 ) +x = n 2 y. can be inscribed in the cone has a volume
dx 2 dx q. Find the ratio of p and q.
23. Solve the following differential equation. O
 x α
(1 + e x / y ) dx + e x / y 1 −  dy = 0
 y Q
x
b
SECTION D L M P
24. Using matrix method, solve the following

system of equations.
ita Or
Show that semi-vertical angle of right
yK
2 3 10 4 6 5 circular cone of given surface area and
+ + = 4, − + = 1,
x y z x y z  1
maximum volume is sin −1   .
6 9 20  3
+ − = 2 and x , y , z ≠ 0
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x y z
28. Find the area of circle x 2 + y 2 = 16 which
25. Let ‘*’ be a binary operation defined on is exterior to the parabola y 2 = 6 x , by
Q × Q by ( a, b) * ( c, d ) = ( ac, b + ad ), where using integration.
op
Q is the set of rational numbers.

Determine, whether * is commutative and
29. A toy company manufactures two types of
dolls A and B. Market tests and available
associative. Find the identity element for
C
resources have indicated that the

* and the invertible elements of Q × Q. combined production level should not
Or exceed 1200 dolls per week and the
A binary operation ‘*’ is defined on the set demand for dolls of type B is atmost half of
X = R − {−1} by x * y = x + y + xy , ∀ x , y ∈ X , that for dolls of type A. Further, the
production of dolls of type A can exceed
check, whether * is commutative and
three times the production of dolls of other
associative. Find its identity element and
type by atmost 600 units. If the company
also find the inverse of each element of X. makes profit of ` 12 and ` 16 per doll,
26. Find the cartesian as well as vector respectively on dolls A and B, how many of
equation of the planes through the each should be produced weekly in order
intersection of the planes to maximize the profit.
→ →
r (2 i$ + 6 $j ) + 12 = 0 and r (3 i$ − $j + 4 k$ ) = 0 Which games are better indoor games or
which are at a unit distance from the outdoor games? Are both types of games
origin. equally good? Explain.

SAMPLE
UESTI N
PAPER
25
MATHEMATICS
b
ita
yK
100
yM

op
C
SECTION A SECTION B
5. Prove that tan −1   + tan −1  
1. Check whether the relation R on R, defined 1 1
as R = {( a, b): a ≤ b }, is reflexive.
3
 3  5
x − y 2  2 2   1  1 π
2. Find the value of y, if  = 3 5 . + tan −1   + tan −1   = .
 x 5     7  8 4
3. Write the position vector of the mid-point 6. Find the general solution of the following
of the vector joining the points A(2, 3, 4 ) differential equation.
and B(4, 1, − 2 ). dy
= (1 + x 2 )(1 + y 2 )
4. What is the principal value of tan −1( −1)? dx
Or Or
  − π dy
Evaluate tan −1 sin   . Solve = 1 + x + y + xy .
  2  dx

7. Find the probability distributions of dy

+ y cot x = x 2 cot x + 2 x
number of heads in is simultaneous toss of dx
two coins.
15. Solve the following differential equation.
−1  cos x  − π π dy
8. If y = tan  , x ∈  ,  , then ( x 2 + 1) + 2 xy = x2 + 4
 1 + sin x   2 2 dx
dy
find . 16. Find the coordinates of image of the point
dx
(1, 3, 4) in the plane 2 x − y + z + 3 = 0.
Or Or
 2x  dy
If y = tan −1   , then find . Find the angle between the following pair
1 − x 
2 dx of lines, also find the shortest distance
between these lines
1
9. Evaluate ∫ 2 − sin x dx. →
r = (3 + λ ) i$ + (1 − λ ) $j − (2 + 2λ ) k$ and
→
r = (2 + 3µ ) i$ − (1 + 5µ )$j − (56 + 4µ )k$ .
Or
b
log x 17. Find the probability distribution of the
Evaluate ∫ dx .
ita
2 number of doublets in four throws of a pair
x
of dice. Also, find the mean of this
1 2  distribution.
10. Express   as a sum of symmetric and
yK
3 0  dx
skew-symmetric matrices. 18. Evaluate ∫ .
5 − 4x − 2x 2
→ → → →
11. Prove that| a × b|2 = →a⋅ →a →a⋅ →b .
→ →
yM
Or
a⋅ b b⋅ b 2x + 1
Evaluate ∫ dx .
( x + 2 )( x − 3 )
12. Find the equation of the tangent line to the
op
curve y = x 3 + 3 sin x at a point (0, 0 ). 19. Using properties of determinants, prove

the following.
SECTION C 3a − a + b − a + c
C
a− b 3b c−b
13. National Insurance Company insured
1500 car drivers, 4500 bus drivers and 7500 a− c b− c 3c
truck drivers. The probability of accident is = 3( a + b + c) ( ab + bc + ca).
0.02, 0.04 and 0.16, respectively. One of the → → →
insured person meets with an accident. 20. If vectors a , b and c are such that
→ → → → → → →
(i) What is the probability that he is a car a + b + c = 0, |a| = 3 ,|b| = 5 and |c| = 7,
driver? → →
(ii) Which mode of transport would you then find the angle between a and b.
suggest to person and why? 21. Find the value of ‘a’ for which the function
14. Show that the differential equation f defined as x = 0.
 y  π 
y dx + x log   dy − 2 x dy = 0 is
 x a sin  2 ( x + 1), x ≤ 0
f( x ) = 
homogeneous and then solve it. tan x − sin x
 , x>0
Or  x3
Solve the following differential equation. is continuous at x = 0.


22. A ladder 5 m long is leaning against a 27. A school wants to award its students for
wall. The bottom of the ladder is pulled the values of Honesty, Regularity and
along the ground, away from the wall, at Hardwork with a total cash award of
the rate of 2 cm/s. How fast is its height on ` 6000. Three times the award money for
the wall decreasing when the foot of the Hardwork added to that given for Honesty
ladder is 4 m away from the wall? amounts to ` 11000. The award money
3 given for Honesty and Hardwork together
∫1 (2 x + 5 ) dx as the limit of
2
23. Evaluate is double the one given for Regularly.
a sum. Represent the above situation
algebraically and find the award money
SECTION D for each value, using matrix method.
Apart from these values, namely Honesty,
24. A wire of length 36 cm is cut into two Regularly and Hardwork, suggest one
pieces. Out of the pieces, one is turned in more value which the school must include
the form of a square and the other in the for awards.
form of an equilateral triangle. Find the 28. A company manufacturers two types of
b
length of each piece, so that the sum of the novelty souvenirs made of plywood.
areas of two pieces be minimum. Souvenirs of type A require 5 min each for
ita
Or cutting and 10 min each for assembling.
A square tank of capacity 250 m 3 has to be Souvenirs of type B require 8 min each for
cutting and 8 min each for assembling.
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dug out. The cost of the land is ` 50 per m 2 .
There are 3 hours 20 min available for
The cost of digging increases with depth
cutting and 4 h for assembling. The profit
and the cost of whole tank is ` 400 (depth)
2 is ` 5 each for type A and ` 6 each for type
. Find the dimensions of the tank for least
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B souvenirs. How many souvenirs of each

cost. type should the company manufacture in
25. Find the area of the region bounded by the order to maximize the profit?
parabola x 2 = 4 y and the line x = 4 y − 2.
op
29. Show that the relation R, defined on the set

A of all polygons as R = {( P1 , P2 ): P1 and P2
26. Find the equation of plane passing have same number of sides}, is an
through the points P ( 1 , − 1 , 2 ) and
equivalence relation. What is the set of all
C
Q ( 2, − 2, 2 ) and perpendicular to the

elements in A related to the right angle
plane 6 x − 2 y + 2 z = 9.
triangle T with sides 3, 4 and 5?
Or
Or
Find the points on the line
Let A = {1, 2, 3,..., 9} and R be the relation
x + 2 y +1 z − 3 in A × A defined by ( a, b) R( c, d ), if at
= = at a distance 5 units
3 2 2 d = b + c for ( a, b), ( c, d ) in A × A. Prove
from the point P (1, 3, 3). that R is an equivalence relation and also
obtain the equivalence class [(2, 5 )].

SOLUTIONS
1. Given set, A = {1, 2, 3}  π
⇒ cot x = cot  
 4
Let R be a relation on set A such that
⇒ x =π/4 (1)
R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3)}. (1/2)
x+ y x x
Here, for each a ∈ A, (a, a) ∈ R. So, R is reflexive 6. LHS = 5 x + 4 y 4x 2 x
(1, 2 ) ∈ R but (2, 1) ∉ R, so R is not symmetric and also 10 x + 8 y 8x 3x
(1, 2 ) ∈ R and (2,3) ∈ R but (1, 3) ∉ R. So, R is not
x+ y x x
transitive. (1/2)
= 3x + 2 y 2 x 0
2. We have, cot (tan − 1 a + cot − 1 a) 7 x + 5y 5x 0
= cot (π / 2 ) [Qtan − 1 a + cot − 1 a = π / 2] [by using R2 → (R2 − 2 R1 ); R3 → (R3 − 3R1 )] (1)
=0 (1) 3x + 2 y 2 x
=x [expanding along C3 ]
3. Here, ( A − A ) = A − ( A )
T T T T T
[Q( A − B) = A − B ]
T T T 7 x + 5y 5x
= AT − A [Q ( AT )T = A] 3x + 2 y 2
=x×x
b
7 x + 5y 5
= − (A − A ) T
ita
= x 2 [(15 x + 10 y ) − (14 x + 10 y )]
Hence, ( A − A ) is a skew-symmetric matrix.
T
(1)
r = x 2( x )
4. We have, a = i$ + 2 $j − 3k$
r = x 3 = RHS Hence proved. (1)
yK
and b = 2 i$ + 4 $j + 9k$
sin x
r r $ 7. We have, ∫ dx
∴ a + b = (i + 2 $j − 3k$ ) + (2 i$ + 4 $j + 9k$ ) sin ( x − a)
= 3i$ + 6 $j + 6k$ sin ( x − a + a)
(1/2) =∫
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dx
r r sin ( x − a)
∴Required unit vectors parallel to (a + b )
sin ( x − a)cos a + cos ( x − a)sin a
3i$ + 6 $j + 6k$ =∫ dx (1)
=± sin( x − a)
(3) + (6) + (6)
2 2 2
= ∫ cos a dx + ∫ cot ( x − a)⋅ sin a dx
op
3i$ + 6 $j + 6k$ 3(i$ + 2 $j + 2 k$ )

=± =± = cos a∫ dx + sin a∫ cot ( x − a) dx
9 + 36 + 36 9
= cos a ⋅ x + sin a ⋅ log|sin ( x − a)| + C
C
i$ + 2 $j + 2 k$
=± (1/2)
3 [Q ∫ cot x dx = log|sin x | + C ] (1)
Or Or
The position vector of the point R which divide the join of Let I = ∫ tan x sec x dx
8 4
P and Q internally in the ratio 1: 2 is given by
→ → → → = ∫ tan 8 x(sec 2 x )⋅ sec 2 x dx
→ 2(2 a + b ) + 1( a − 2 b )
OR =
1+ 2 = ∫ tan 8 x(1 + tan 2 x )sec 2 x dx (1)
→
5a Put tan x = t ⇒ sec 2 x dx = dt
= (1)
3
∴ I = ∫ t 8 (1 + t 2 )dt
−1 −1
5. Given, 2 tan (cos x ) = tan (2 cosec x )
= ∫ (t 8 + t 10 )dt
 2 cos x   2 
⇒ tan − 1  2 
= tan − 1  
 1 − cos x   sin x  =
1 9 1 11
t + t +C
9 11
 −1 − 1 2 x   1 1
Q2 tan x = tan    (1) = tan x + tan11 x + C
9
(1)
  1 − x2   9 11
2 cos x 2 cos x π /4
⇒ = ⇒ =1 8. Let I = ∫ log(1 + tan x ) dx …(i)
1 − cos x sin x
2
sin x 0


π /4  π  r r r r r r
⇒ I=∫ log 1 + tan  − x  dx 11. Consider, LHS = [ a + b b + c c + a ]
0  4  r r r r r r
a a
= (a + b )⋅ [(b + c ) × (c + a )]
[Q ∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫0 f (a − x ) dx ] r r r r r r r r r r
0 = (a + b )⋅ [b × c + b × a + c × c + c × a]
π /4  tan π / 4 − tan x  [by using distributive law]
=∫ log 1 +  dx r r r r r r r r
0  1 + tan π / 4 ⋅ tan x  = (a + b )⋅ [(b × c ) − (a × b ) + (c × a )]
r r r r r r
π /4  1 − tan x  [Qc × c = 0, b × a = − a × b]
=∫ log 1 +  dx r r r r r r r r r
0  1 + tan x  = a ⋅ (b + c ) − a ⋅ (a × b ) + a ⋅ (c × a )
r r r rr r r r r
π /4  2  + b ⋅ (b × c ) − b(a × b ) + b(c × a ) (1)
=∫ log  
0  1 + tan x  r r r rr r r rr
= [a b c ] − [a a b ] + [a c a ]
π /4 π /4
⇒ I=∫ log 2 dx − ∫ log(1 + tan x ) dx …(ii) r r r rr r r rr
0 0 + [b b c ] − [b a b ] + [b c a ]
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get r r r r rr
= [a b c ] + [b c a ]
π /4 π /4 rr r r rr r r r rr r
2I = ∫ log 2 dx = log 2 ∫0 dx [Q[a a b ] = [a c a ] = [b b c ] = [b a b ] = 0]
0
r r r r r r
= log 2( x )π0 / 4 = log 2(π / 4 − 0 ) = [a b c ] + [a b c ]
b
r r r
π = 2 [a b c ] = RHS Hence proved. (1)
⇒ I= log 2 (1)
ita
8 Or
 1 − cos 4 x , when x ≠ 0 r r r r r r
 We have,|(a × b )⋅ c | + |(b × c )⋅ d | = 0
9. We have, f ( x ) =  8 x 2
 k , when x = 0 r r r r r r
⇒ |[a b c ]| + |[b c d ]| = 0
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which is continuous at x = 0. r r r r r r
⇒ [a b c ] = 0 and [ b c d ] = 0 (1)
At x = 0, r r r r r r
 1 − cos 4 x  ⇒ a b c are coplanar vectors and b, c , d are also
lim f ( x ) = lim  
yM
x→ 0 x → 0 8x 2  coplanar vectors.
2 r r r r
2 sin 2 x Hence, a, b, c and d are coplanar vectors. (1)
= lim
x→ 0 8x 2
12. Let E1, E2 and E3 be the events that the problem is
sin 2 2 x
op
= lim solved by three students respectively.

x → 0 4x 2
1 1 1
2 Then, P(E1 ) = ⇒ P(E1′ ) = 1 − = ,
 sin 2 x  2 2 2
= lim   = (1) = 1
2
(1)
x → 0 2 x  1 1 2
C
P(E2 ) = ⇒ P(E2′ ) = 1 − =
and also, f (0 ) = k 3 3 3
1 1 3
Since, f ( x ) is continuous, therefore and P(E3 ) = ⇒ P(E′3 ) = 1 − = (1)
4 4 4
lim f ( x ) = f (0 )
x→ 0 Now, P(exactly one of them solves the problem)
⇒ 1= k
⇒ k =1 (1) = P [(E1 ∩ E′2 ∩ E′3 ) or (E1′ ∩ E2 ∩ E′3 )
or (E1′ ∩ E2′ ∩ E3 )]
10. We have, (1 + e 2 x )dy + (1 + y 2 )e xdx = 0
1 ex = P(E1 )⋅ P(E2′ ) P(E3′ ) + P(E1′ )⋅ P(E2 )⋅ P(E3′ )
⇒ dy + dx = 0
(1 + y )
2
(1 + e 2 x ) + P(E1′ )⋅ P(E′2 ) P(E3 )
On integrating both sides, we get  1 2 3  1 1 3  1 2 1
= × ×  + × ×  + × × 
1 ex  2 3 4  2 3 4  2 3 4
∫ (1 + y 2 )
dy + ∫ (1 + e 2 x )
dx = 0 (1)
1 1 1
= + +
⇒ tan − 1 y + tan − 1 e x = C 4 8 12
 ex  11
dt =
Q ∫ dx ⇒ ∫ , put e x = t ⇒ e x dx = dt  24
 (1 + e )
2x
(1 + t )
2

11
which is the required solution. (1) Hence, the required probability is . (1)
24

Or Then, y = u + v
1 1 1
We have, P( A) = , P(B) = and P( A ∩ B) = On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
4 2 8
dy du dv
1 1 1 = + …(i)
Since, P ( A ∩ B) = = × = P ( A) × P (B) dx dx dx
8 4 2
Consider, u = x x cos x (1)
∴ A and B are independent events. (1/2)
Taking log on both sides, we get
Now, P(not A and not B) = P ( A ∩ B)
log u = x cos x log x
= P ( A)⋅ P(B)
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
[Qwhen A and B are independent, then A and B
d d d
are also independent] (log u ) = x cos x (log x ) + log x ( x cos x )
dx dx dx
 1  1
= 1 −  1 −  (1) 1 du 1  d d 
 4  2  ⇒ = x cos x + log x x cos x + cos x ( x )
u dx x 
 dx dx 
3 1 3
= × = (1/2) 1 du
4 2 8 ⇒ = cos x + log x [ x(− sin x ) + cos x(1)]
u dx
a b c
du
13. Consider LHS = a2 b2 c 2 ⇒ = u [cos x − x sin x log x + cos x ⋅ log x ]
dx
b
bc ca ab
du
a−c b−c c ⇒ = x x cos x [cos x − x sin x log x + cos x ⋅ log x ]
ita
dx
= a −c
2
b −c c
2 2 2 2
...(ii) (1)
bc − ab ca − ab ab x +1
2
Now, consider v=
yK
[by using C1 → C1 − C3 , C2 → C2 − C3 ] x2 − 1
a−c b−c c Taking log on both sides, we get
= (a − c ) (a + c ) (b − c ) (b + c ) c 2 (1) log v = log( x 2 + 1) − log ( x 2 − 1)
yM
− b(a − c ) − a(b − c ) ab
1 1 c On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
= (a − c ) (b − c ) a + c b + c c2 d d d
(log v ) = log ( x 2 + 1) − log ( x 2 − 1)
−b − a ab dx dx dx
op
1 dv 1 d 2 1 d 2
[taking common (a − c ), (b − c ) from C1 and C2 , ⇒ = ( x + 1) − 2 ( x − 1)
respectively](1) v dx ( x 2 + 1) dx ( x − 1) dx
1 0 0 1 dv 2x 2x
⇒ = −
C
= (a − c ) (b − c ) a + c b−a − ca v dx ( x 2 + 1) ( x 2 − 1)
−b b − a (a + c ) b ( x 2 − 1) − ( x 2 + 1)
= 2 x 2 
 ( x + 1) ( x − 1) 
2
[by using C2 → (C2 − C1 ) and C3 → C3 − C C1]
b−a − ca dv  − 4 x  ( x 2 + 1)  − 4 x 
= (a − c ) (b − c )⋅ ⇒ =v 4 = 2  4  …(iii) (1)
b − a (a + c ) b dx  x − 1 ( x − 1) ( x − 1)
[expand along C1] (1) du dv
Now, putting the values of from Eq. (ii), from
1 − ca dx dx
= (a − c ) (b − c ) (b − a) Eq. (iii) in Eq. (i), we get
1 (a + c ) b
dy 4x
[taking common (b − a) from C1] = x x cos x [cos x(1 + log x ) − x sin x log x ] − 2
dx ( x − 1)2
= (a − c ) (b − c ) (b − a){(a + c )b + ca} (1)
= (c − a) (b − c ) (a − b)(ab + bc + ca) Or
 1+ x − 1− x 
= RHS Hence proved. (1) We have, y = tan − 1  
 x 2 + 1  1+ x + 1− x 
14. Given, y = x x cos x +  2  On putting x = cos θ, we get
 x − 1
 1 + cos θ − 1 − cos θ 
x2 + 1 y = tan − 1   (1)
Let u = x x cos x and v =  1 + cos θ + 1 − cos θ 
x2 − 1


 2 cos 2 θ / 2 − 2 sin 2 θ / 2  4 sin x − 2 x − x cos x
16. Given, f ( x ) =
= tan − 1   2 + cos x
 2 cos 2 θ / 2 + 2 sin 2 θ / 2 
  4 sin x − x(2 + cos x )
=
 cos (θ / 2 ) − sin (θ / 2 ) 2 + cos x
= tan − 1  
 cos (θ / 2 ) + sin (θ / 2 ) 4 sin x x(2 + cos x )
= −
 1 − tan (θ / 2 ) 2 + cos x 2 + cos x
= tan − 1   (1) 4 sin x
 1 + tan (θ / 2 ) = −x (1)
2 + cos x
 π θ
−1
 tan 4 − tan 2  On differentiating w.r t. x, we get
= tan 
π θ (2 + cos x ) cos x − sin x (0 − sin x )
 tan + tan  f′ ( x) = 4   −1
 4 2  (2 + cos x )2 
 π θ 2 cos x + cos 2 x + sin 2 x 
= tan − 1 tan − = 4
 4 2   −1
 (2 + cos x )2 
 tan A − tan B 
Q tan ( A − B) = 1 + tan A ⋅ tan B  [Q cos 2 x + sin 2 x = 1]
 
8 cos x + 4 8 cos x + 4 − (2 + cos x )2
⇒ y = π / 4 − θ /2 = − 1=
(2 + cos x )2
(2 + cos x )2
b
π cos − 1 x
⇒ y= − [Q x = cos θ ⇒ θ = cos − 1 x ]
8 cos x + 4 − 4 − cos 2 x − 4 cos x
ita
4 2 =
(1) (2 + cos x )2
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get 4 cos x − cos 2 x cos x(4 − cos x )
= = (1)
(2 + cos x )2 (2 + cos x )2
yK
dy 1 1 
= 0 − −
dx 2  1 − x 2  We know that, − 1 ≤ cos x ≤ 1
⇒ 4 − cos x > 0 and (2 + cos x )2 > 0
dy 1
⇒ =
yM
(1)
dx 2 1 − x 2 (i) For increasing
f ′ ( x ) > 0 when cos x > 0
15. We have, x = a(cos 2 t + 2 t sin 2t )  π
∴ f ( x ) is increasing in the interval  0, 
and y = a(sin 2 t − 2 t cos 2t )  2
op
On differentiating w.r.t. t, we get  3π 

and  , 2 π .
 2 
dx d  d d 
= a (cos 2t ) + 2t (sin 2t ) + sin 2t (2t ) 
dt dt  dt dt  [Qcos x is positive in 1st and 4th quadrant]
C
dx Also, given function is continuous, so f ( x ) is

⇒ = a [− sin 2t (2 ) + 2t ⋅ cos 2t (2 ) + sin 2t (2 )]
dt  π  3π 
increasing on 0, and , 2π . (1)
= 4at cos 2t (1)  2   2 
dy d  d d  (ii) For decreasing
and = a  (sin 2t ) − 2t cos 2t + cos 2 t (2t ) 
dt  dt  dt dt  f ′ ( x ) < 0 when cos x < 0
= a[cos 2t (2 ) − ( 2t (− sin 2t )⋅ 2 − cos 2t ⋅ 2 )]  π 3π 
∴ f ( x ) is decreasing in the interval  ,  . (1)
= 4at sin 2t (1) 2 2 
dy dy / dt [Qcos x is negative in 2nd and 3rd quadrant]
∴ =
dx dx / dt Also, given function is continuous, so f ( x ) is
4at sin 2t  π 3
= = tan 2t decreasing on , . (1)
(1)  2 2 
4at cos 2t
On differentiating again w.r.t. x, we get Or
2
d y d d dt Given equations of curves are
= (tan 2t ) = (tan 2t )
dx 2 dx dt dx x 2 = 9 p (9 − y ) …(i)
1 and x = p ( y + 1)
2
…(ii)
= sec 2 2t (2 )⋅
4at cos 2t
As, these curves cut each other at right angle,
1
= sec 3 2t (1) therefore their tangent at point of intersection are
2 at
perpendicular to each other.

So, let us first find the point of intersection and slope QTangents are perpendicular to each other.
of tangents to the curves. (1) 6 p −6 p
∴ × = −1 [Q m1 m2 = − 1 ]
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 9p p
9 p (9 − y ) = p ( y + 1 ) 4
⇒ =1 ⇒ p=4
∴ 9 (9 − y ) = y + 1 p
[Q p ≠ 0, as if p = 0, then curves becomes Hence, the value of p is 4. (1)
−1
straight, which will be parallel] 17. Let I = ∫ x sin x dx
⇒ 81 − 9 y = y + 1 ⇒ 80 = 10 y ⇒ y = 8
On taking sin −1 x as first function, x as second
On substituting the value of y in Eq. (i),we get function and using integrating by parts, we get
x 2 = 9p ⇒ x = ± 3 p d 
I = sin − 1 x ∫ x dx − ∫ (sin − 1 x ) ∫ x dx dx
dx 
Thus, the point of intersection are (3 p, 8)
and (−3 p, 8). (1) x2  1 x2 
= sin − 1 x ⋅ −∫ ⋅  dx (1)
Now, consider Eq.(i), we get 2  1 − x 2 2 
x2 x2
= 9− y ⇒ y = 9− x2 1 − 1 − x 2 1 
9p 9p ⋅ sin − 1 x + ∫
b
=  ⋅  dx (1)
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get 2  1 − x 2 2 
ita
dy −2 x
= …(iii) [add and subtract 1 in numerator of second term]
dx 9p
x2 x2 1 1 1 1 − x2
⋅ sin − 1 x − ∫
2 ∫ 1− x 2
From Eq. (ii), we get =y+1 = dx + dx
2 2 1− x 2
yK
p
2
x x2 1 1
⇒ y= −1 = ⋅ sin − 1 x − sin − 1 x + ∫ 1 − x 2 dx
p 2 2 2
yM
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get x2 1

dy 2 x ⇒ I= ⋅ sin − 1 x − sin − 1 x
= …(iv) (1) 2 2
dx p
1 1 1 
+ x 1 − x 2 + sin − 1 x + C (1)
Now, for intersection point (3 p, 8), we have slope of 
2 2 2 
op
tangent to the first curve

 x 2 1 1
−2 (3 p ) − 6 p ⇒ I = sin − 1 x  −  + x 1 − x2 + C
= = [using Eq. (iii)]  2 4 4
9p 9p
sin − 1 x 1
C
and slope of tangent to the second curve ⇒ I= (2 x 2 − 1) + x 1 − x 2 + C (1)

2 (3 p ) 6 p 4 4
= = [using Eq. (iv)] Or
p p
x2
QTangents are perpendicular to each other. We have, ∫ dx
( x 2 + 1)( x 2 + 4)
∴ Slope of tangent to first curve × slope of tangent to
Let x 2 = t
second curve = − 1
x2 t A B
−6 p 6 p Then, = = + (1)
∴ × = −1 ( x + 1)( x 2 + 4) (t + 1)(t + 4) t + 1 t + 4
2
9p p
⇒ t = (t + 4)A + (t + 1)B
4
⇒ = 1⇒ p = 4 (1) 1
p On putting t = −1, we get A = −
3
and for intersection point (−3 p, 8), we have 4
and on putting t = −4, we get B = (1)
Slope of tangent to the first curve 3
x2
− 2 (− 3 p ) 6 p Thus, ∫ dx
= = [using Eq. (iii)] ( x + 1)( x 2 + 4)
2
9p 9p
1 1 4 1
and slope of tangent to the second curve =− ∫
3 x +1
2
dx + ∫ 2
3 x +4
dx (1)
2 (− 3 p ) −6 p
= = [using Eq. (iv)] 1 2 x
p p = − tan −1 x + tan −1 + C (1)
3 3 2


π/2
18. Let I = ∫
x sin x cos x π π π  π2
dx ...(i) ⇒ I= + =
0 sin 4 x + cos 4 x 8  4 4  16
a a
 π
Using ∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f (a − x ) dx, we get Q tan −1(−1 ) = − tan −1(1 ) = − (1)
0 0  4 
π  π  π 
 − x sin  − x cos  − x dy y
+ = cos x +
sin x
,x>0
π/2 2  2  2  19. We have,
I=∫ dx dx x x
0 4 π  4 π 
sin  − x + cos  − x which is a linear differential equation of the form
2  2 
dy
π  + Py = Q.
 − x cos x sin x dx
π/2 2 
⇒ I=∫ dx ...(ii) 1 sin x
0 cos 4 x + sin 4 x Here, P = and Q = cos x + (1)
x x
 π  π   1
Qcos  2 − θ = sin θ and sin  2 − θ = cos θ  (1) Now, I.F. = e ∫ Pdx = e
∫ dx
= e log x = x
  x (1)
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get and the solution is given by
π π/2 cos x sin x y (I.F.) = ∫ (I.F. )Qdx + C
2I =
2 ∫0 sin 4 x + cos 4 x
dx
 sin x 
⇒ yx = ∫ x ⋅ cos x +  dx + C
b
π π/2 sin x cos x  x 
⇒ I=
4 ∫0 (sin x )2 + (1 − sin 2 x )2
2
dx
yx = ∫ x cos x dx + ∫ sin x dx + C
ita
⇒ (1)
Put sin x = t
2
⇒ 2 sin x cos x dx = dt = x sin x − ∫ 1⋅ sin x dx + ∫ sin x dx + C

dt
yK
⇒ sin x cos x dx = = x sin x + C
2
⇒ y = sin x + Cx − 1, which is the required solution. (1)
Lower limit when x = 0, then t = sin 0 = 0 r r
π π 20. Given, a = i$ + $j + k$ and c = $j − k$
yM
Upper limit when x = , then t = sin 2 = 1. r

2 2 (1) Let b = xi$ + yj$ + zk$
π 1 1 dt
∴ I= ∫ i$ $j k$
4 0 t 2 + (1 − t )2 2 r r
π 1 1 Then, a × b = 1 1 1
I= ∫
op
⇒ dt x y z
8 0 t + (1 + t 2 − 2t )
2
π 1 1 = i$( z − y ) − $j ( z − x ) + k$( y − x ) (1)

⇒ I=
8 ∫0 2t − 2t + 1
2
dt
r r r
C
Now, a × b = c [given]
π 1 1
16 ∫0
⇒ I= dt ⇒ i$( z − y ) + $j ( x − z ) + k$( y − x )
1
t2 −t + r
2 = 0 i$ + 1$j + (− 1)k$ [Qc = $j − k$]
π 1 1
16 ∫0
⇒ I= 2 2
dt (1) On comparing the coefficients from both sides,
 1  1 1
t −t +   −   +
2
we get
 2  2 2
π 1 1 z − y = 0, x − z = 1, y − x = − 1
16 ∫0
⇒ I= dt
2 2 ⇒ y = z and x − y = 1 …(i) (1)
 1  1
t −  +   r r
 2  2 Also given, a ⋅ b = 3
1
  1  ⇒ (i$ + $j + k$ )⋅ ( xi$ + yj$ + zk$ ) = 3
t − 
π 1  −1  2
⇒ I= tan  1   ⇒ x+ y+ z=3
16 1 /2   
  2  0 ⇒ x + 2y = 3 [Q y = z ] …(ii) (1)
 1 1 x  On subtracting Eq. (i) from Eq. (ii), we get
dx = tan −1 + C
 ∫ x 2 + a2
Q
a a 
3y = 2
π   1  1  2
⇒ I = tan −1 2 1 −  − tan −1 2 0 −   ⇒ y= =z [Q y = z ]
8  2  2  3
π 2 5
⇒ I = [tan −1( 1) − tan −1( −1)] From Eq. (i), we get x = 1 + y = 1 + =
8 3 3


r 5 2 2 39 3
Hence, b = i$ + $j + k$ (1) and P(E2 ) = = (1)
3 3 3 52 4
21. Given equations of lines are Let E : the events that two cards drawn from the
→ remaining pack are heart.
r = (3 i$ + 5 $j + 7 k$ ) + λ (i$ − 2 $j + k$ ) When one heart card is lost, there are 12 heart cards
→ out of 51 cards.
and r = (− i$ − $j − k$ ) + µ (7 i$ − 6 $j + k$ ).
→ → → Now, the probability of getting two heart cards, when
On comparing with r = a1 + λ b1 one heart card is lost, is given by
r r r
and r = a2 + µb2 , we get 12 × 11
→ →
a1 = 3 i$ + 5 $j + 7 k$, b1 = i$ − 2 $j + k$  E 12
C2 1× 2 12 × 11
P  = = = (1)
→ →
 E1  51
C2 51 × 50 51 × 50
$
= − i$ − $j − k, = 7 i$ − 6 $j + k$
and a2 b2 (1/2) 1× 2
→ →
Now, a2 − a1 = (− i$ − $j − k$ ) − (3 i$ + 5 $j + 7 k$ ) 13 × 12
 E 13
C2 1× 2 13 × 12
= − i$ − $j − k$ − 3 i$ − 5 $j − 7 k$ Similarly, P   = = = (1)
 E2  51
C2 51 × 50 51 × 50
= −4 i$ − 6 $j − 8 k,$
(1/2) 1× 2
i$ $j k$
b
By using Baye’s theorem, required probability
b1 × b2 = 1 −2 1 
→ → 
   E
ita
P   P(E1 )
7 −6 1  E 
= P  1 =
 E1 
= i$(−2 + 6) − $j (1 − 7) + k$(− 6 + 14)  E  E  E
P   P(E1 ) + P   P(E2 )
 E1   E2 
yK
= 4 i$ + 6 $j + 8 k$ (1/2)
12 × 11 1
→ → ×
and | b1 × b2| = (4) + (6) + (8)
2 2 2
51 × 50 4
=
= 16 + 36 + 64 = 116 12 × 11 1 13 × 12 3
(1/2) × + ×
yM
51 × 50 4 51 × 50 4
Shortest distance between two lines is
12 × 11
→ → → →  =
(b1 × b2 )⋅ (a2 − a1 ) 12 × 11 + 13 × 12 × 3
SD = 
 

→ →
 | b1 × b2|  132 132 11
op
= = = (1)
132 + 468 600 50
(4 i$ + 6 $j + 8 k$ )⋅ (−4 i$ − 6 $j − 8 k$ )
=
116 23. Let X be a random variable that denote the number of
C
success in 7 throws of a pair of dice.

−16 − 36 − 64   −116 
= = Here, p = probability of success, i.e. probability of
 116   116 
6 1
116 getting sum 7 in a throw of a pair of dice = = and
= = 116 36 6
116
1 5
= 2 29 units q = 1− p = 1− =
6 6
Since, shortest distance between them is not zero, so 1
they will not meet to an accident. (1) Clearly, X follows binomial distribution with n = 7, p =
6
If a driver follows speed limit, then there will be 5
and q = .
minimum chance to meet with an accident. (1) 6
22. Let E1: the event that lost card is a heart ⇒ n(E1 ) = 13 Now, P( x = r ) = nCr pr q n − r
r 7− r
E2 : the event that lost card is not a heart  1  5
= 7Cr     (1)
⇒ n(E2 ) = 52 − 13 = 39  6  6
Clearly, E1 and E2 are mutually exclusive and (i) P(No success in 7 trails)
exhaustive events. 0 7− 0
 1  5
Here, n (S ) = 52 = P( X = 0 ) = 7C0    
 6  6 (1)
13 1
∴ P(E1 ) = =  5
7
 5
7
52 4 = 7C0   =  
 6  6


(ii) P(6 success in 7 trails) (100 − x 2 ) − x 2 − 10 x 100 − 2 x 2 − 10 x
⇒ f′ ( x) = =
7− 6
 1  5
6
100 − x 2 100 − x 2
= P( X = 6) = 7C6    
 6  6
Again differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
6
 1  5 35  100 − x 2 (−4 x − 10 ) 
= 7C6     = (1)
 6  6 67  
  −2 x 
(iii) P(At least 6 success in 7 trails)  − (100 − 2 x 2
− 10 x )  
 2 100 − x 2  
= P(6 success or 7 success) f ′′ ( x ) = 
(100 − x 2 )
= P( X = 6) + P( X = 7 )
6 7− 6 7 7− 7
(100 − x 2 ) (−4 x − 10 ) 
 1  5  1  5  2 
= C6    
7
+ C7    
7
 + (100 x − 2 x − 10 x )
3
 6  6  6  6 = (1)
6 7
(100 − x 2 ) 100 − x 2
 1  5  1 36
= 7C6   ⋅   + 7C7   = 7 (1) (−400 x − 1000 + 4 x 3 + 10 x 2 )
 6  6  6 6
 
+ (100 x − 2 x − 10 x )
3 2

24. Let ABCD be a trapezium such that DC is parallel to = ...(ii)
base AB and AD = DC = BC = 10 cm (100 − x 2 ) 100 − x 2
b
Now, draw perpendiculars DP and CQ from D and C, For maxima or minima, put f ′ ( x ) = 0
ita
on AB, respectively.
100 − 2 x 2 − 10 x
⇒ =0
Then, ∆APD ≅ ∆BQC 100 − x 2
[by RHS congruent rule] (1/2)
⇒ 100 − 2 x 2 − 10 x = 0
yK
⇒ 2 x 2 + 10 x − 100 = 0
Therefore, PA = QB = x cm (say) (1/2)
⇒ 2( x 2 + 5 x − 50 ) = 0
yM
D 10 cm C
⇒ x 2 + 5 x − 50 = 0
⇒ x 2 + 10 x − 5 x − 50 = 0
10
cm
cm
⇒ x( x + 10 ) − 5 ( x + 10 ) = 0
10
op
⇒ ( x + 10 )( x − 5) = 0
B ∴ x = −10, x = 5
A P Q
x cm 10 cm x cm ⇒ x=5
C
In right angled ∆APD, we have [Qx represents distance, so it cannot be negative]

AD 2 = AP 2 + PD 2 [by Pythagoras theorem] (1)
On putting x = 5 in Eq. (ii), we get
⇒ PD 2 = AD 2 − AP 2
[−400(5) − 1000 + 4 (5)3 + 10(5)2 ]
⇒ PD = AD − AP
2 2  
 + [100(5) − 2(5)3 − 10(5)2 ] 
[f ′′( x )]at x=5 =
⇒ PD = 100 − x 2 cm (1/2) (100 − 25) 100 − 25
If A denotes the area of the trapezium ABCD, then
(−3000 + 500 + 250 ) + (500 − 250 − 250 )
1 =
A = f ( x ) = (Sum of parallel sides) × Height 75 75
2
−2250 −30
1 = = <0 (1/2)
⇒ f ( x ) = ( AB + DC ) × PD 75 75 75
2
1 Hence, the area of trapezium is maximum, when x = 5
⇒ f ( x ) = [(2 x + 10 ) + 10 ] × 100 − x 2
2 and the area is given by
f(5) = (5 + 10 ) 100 − 25
⇒ f ( x ) = ( x + 10 ) 100 − x 2 ...(i) (1)
On differentiating both sides of Eq. (i) w.r.t. x, we get = 15 75 = 75 3 cm 2 (1/2)
 −2 x  Value ‘Satyamev Jayte’ means truth always wins. We
f ′ ( x ) = 1 100 − x 2 + ( x + 10 )   should always follow the path of truth in our life. (1/2)
 2 100 − x 
2

25. We have, a relation R on N × N defined by (a, b)R(c , d ), if One-one function Let x1, x2 ∈ R+ such that
ad (b + c ) = bc (a + d ). f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )
Reflexive Let (a, b) ∈ N × N be any arbitrary element. Then, 9 x12 + 6 x1 − 5 = 9 x22 + 6 x2 − 5
We have to verify (a, b) R (a, b), i.e. to verify
⇒ 9 ( x12 − x22 ) + 6 ( x1 − x2 ) = 0
ab(b + a) = ba(a + b) which is trivially true as natural
⇒ 9 ( x1 + x2 )( x1 − x2 ) + 6 ( x1 − x2 ) = 0
numbers are commutative under usual multiplication
and addition. ⇒ ( x1 − x2 )[9 ( x1 + x2 ) + 6] = 0 (1)
Since, (a, b) ∈ N × N was arbitrary, therefore R is Q x1, x2 ∈ R+ 
⇒ x1 − x2 = 0 ∴ 9 ( x + x ) + 6 ≠ 0 
reflexive. (1½)  1 2 
Symmetric Let (a, b), (c , d ) ∈ N × N such that ⇒ x1 = x2 , ∀ x1, x2 ∈ R+
(a, b) R (c , d ), i.e. ad (b + c ) = bc (a + d ) ...(i) Therefore, f ( x ) is one-one function. (1)
To verify, (c , d ) R (a, b), Onto function Let y be any arbitrary element of
i.e. to verify cb(d + a) = da(c + b) (− 5, ∞ ).
From Eq.(i), we have
Then, y = f ( x )
ad (b + c ) = bc (a + d )
⇒ da(c + b) = cb(d + a) ⇒ y = 9x 2 + 6x − 5
b
[Qnatural numbers are commutative under usual ⇒ y = (3 x + 1)2 − 1 − 5 = (3 x + 1)2 − 6
addition and multiplication]
ita
⇒ cb(d + a) = da(c + b) ⇒ (3 x + 1)2 = y + 6
⇒ (c , d ) R (a, b) ⇒ 3x + 1 = ± y+6
Thus, R is symmetric. (1½) As y > −5, y + 6 > 1
yK
Transitive Let (a, b), (c , d ) and (e , f ) ∈ N × N y + 6 −1
such that (a, b) R (c , d ) and (c , d ) R (e , f ). ⇒ x= ∈ R+ ∀ y ∈ (−5, ∞ ) (1½)
3
Now, (a, b) R (c , d ) ⇒ ad (b + c ) = bc (a + d )
yM
Therefore, f is onto. (1/2)

b+c a+d ⇒ f ( x ) is a bijective function.
⇒ =
bc ad ⇒ f − 1( x ) exists (1/2)
1 1 1 1
⇒ + = + ...(ii) y + 6 −1
f − 1( y ) =
op
b c a d ⇒
3
and (c , d ) R (e , f )
 −1 y + 6 − 1
⇒ cf (d + e ) = de (c + f ) Q f ( x ) = y ⇒ x = f ( y ) and x = 3 
 
d +e c +f
C
⇒ = x + 6 −1
de cf ⇒ f − 1( x ) = (1)
1 1 1 1 3
⇒ + = + ...(iii) (1)
d e c f 26. Given equations of circles are
On adding Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get
x2 + y2 = 4 …(i)
 1 1  1 1  1 1   1 1
 +  + +  = +  + +  ( x − 2) + y = 4
2 2
 b c d e  a d  c f  and …(ii)
1 1 1 1 QCircle (i) has centre (0, 0), radius 2 and circle (ii) has
⇒ + = +
b e a f centre (2, 0), radius 2. (1)
e+b f +a
⇒ = On putting the value of y 2 from Eq. (i) in Eq. (ii),
be af
⇒ af (e + b) = be (f + a) we get
⇒ af (b + e ) = be (a + f ) ( x − 2 )2 − x 2 + 4 = 4
⇒ (a, b) R (e , f ) ⇒ x + 4 − 4x − x 2 + 4 = 4
2
⇒ R is transitive. (1) [Q(a − b)2 = a2 + b2 − 2 ab]

Thus, R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive, hence R
⇒ 4x − 4 = 0
is an equivalence relation. (1)
⇒ x =1 (1/2)
Or
On putting x = 1in Eq. (i), we get
Here, function f : R+ → (− 5, ∞ ) is defined as
f ( x ) = 9x 2 + 6x − 5 (1/2) 12 + y 2 = 4


⇒ y=± 3 (1/2) x + 1= − x + 1
Y ⇒ 2x = 1− 1
⇒ 2x = 0
B(1, √3)
x2 + y 2 = 4 (x – 2)2 + y 2 = 4 ⇒ x=0 (1)
On putting x = 0 in Eq. (i), we get

C A
X′
(–2,0) (1,0) X y2 = 1
O (2,0)
⇒ y=±1 (1)
D(1, – √3)
∴ Two given parabolas intersect each other at A(0, 1)
and B(0, − 1) as shown in the figure.
Y′ Y
(1)
y2 = – x + 1 y2 = x + 1
So, the given circles intersect each other at B(1, 3 )
and D (1, − 3 ). A (0, 1)
Now, required area = 2 (Area of shaded region OABO) (–1, 0) )
,0
C D(1
= 2 ∫ ( y of circle (ii)) dx + 
1 2 X′ X
∫ 1 ( y of circle (i)) dx  O
b
 0
= 2 ∫ 4 − x 2 dx 
1 2
4 − ( x − 2 )2 dx + ∫1 B (0, –1)
ita
 0 
1
x −2 4  x − 2 
=2 4 − ( x − 2 )2 + sin −1  
 2   0
Y′ (2)
 2 2
yK
2 ∴ Required area = 2 [Area of the region OCAO
1 4 x
+2 x 4 − x 2 + sin −1
2 2 2 1 + Area of the region ODAO]
  = 2 ∫ 1 − x dx 
0 1
a2
x x x + 1 dx + ∫0
yM
Q ∫ a2 − x 2 dx = a2 − x 2 + sin −1 + C   −1 
 2 2 a 
 3
0
 3 
1
(1)
1 ( x + 1)2   (1 − x )  
2
  x − 2  = 2  + (−1) 3   (1)
= ( x − 2 ) 4 − ( x − 2 )2 + 4 sin −1   3 
op
  2   0     
2
 2  −1  2  0 
 x
+ x 4 − x 2 + 4 sin −1
 2  1 =2 ×
2
{[( x + 1)3 / 2 ] 0−1 − [(1 − x )3 / 2 ]10 }
C
3
  1 
= − 3 + 4 sin −1  −  − 4 sin −1(−1) =
4
[{(0 + 1)3 / 2 − (−1 + 1)3 / 2 } − {(1 − 1)3 / 2
  2  3
  1  − (1 − 0 )3 / 2 }]
+ 0 + 4 sin −1(1) − 3 − 4 sin −1   
  2  4 8
= [ 1 + 1 ] = sq units (1)
  π  π  3 3
= − 3 + 4  −  − 4  −  
  6   2 
27. Let x be the number of tickets of executive class and y
 π π
+ 4⋅ − 3 − 4 × (1) be the number of tickets of economy class. Then, we
 2 6  have construct the following table :
2π 2π
=− 3− + 2π + 2π − 3 − Classes Number of tickets Profit (in `)
3 3
−2 π + 6π + 6π − 2 π Executive x 1000x
= −2 3
3 Economy y 600y
 8π 
= − 2 3 sq units (1) Total x+ y 1000 x + 600 y
 3 
Or So, our problem is to maximize Z = 1000 x + 600 y …(i)
Given curves are y = x + 1
2
…(i) Subject to constraints x + y ≤ 200 …(ii)
x ≥ 20 …(iii)
and y2 = − x + 1 …(ii)
y − 4x ≥ 0 ⇔ y ≥ 4x …(iv)
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
and x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 …(v) (1)

Firstly, draw the graph of the line x + y = 200. Thus, 40 tickets of executive class and 160 tickets of
x 0 200
economy class should be sold to maximize the profit
and the maximum profit is ` 136000. (1)
y 200 0
On putting (0, 0) in the inequality x + y ≤ 200, we have 28. Let the equation of plane containing the point(1, − 1, 2 )is
0 + 0 ≤ 200 ⇒ 0 ≤ 200 [true] a ( x − 1) + b( y + 1) + c ( z − 2 ) = 0 …(i) (1)
So, the half plane is towards the origin. Q Plane (i) is perpendicular to plane
Secondly, draw the graph of the line y = 4 x. 2 x + 3y − 2 z = 5
x 0 20 ∴ 2 a + 3b − 2c = 0 …(ii)
y 0 80 Also, plane (i) is perpendicular to plane
x + 2 y − 3z = 8
On putting (10, 0) in the inequality y ≥ 4 x, we have
∴ a + 2b − 3c = 0 …(iii)(1)
0 ≥ 4 × 10 ⇒ 0 ≥ 40 [false] (1)
From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get
So, the half plane is towards Y-axis. a b c
= = (1)
Y −9 + 4 −2 + 6 4 − 3
200 a b c
⇒ = = = λ (say)
−5 4 1
b
180 C(20, 180)
160
B(40, 160) ⇒ a = − 5λ , b = 4λ
ita
140 and c =λ (1)
120 On putting these values in Eq. (i), we get
100 − 5λ ( x − 1) + 4λ ( y + 1) + λ ( z − 2 ) = 0
yK
80 A(20, 80) ⇒ − 5 ( x − 1) + 4( y + 1) + ( z − 2 ) = 0
60 ⇒ − 5 x + 5 + 4y + 4 + z − 2 = 0
40 ⇒ − 5 x + 4y + z + 7 = 0
yM
20 ⇒ 5x − 4y − z − 7 = 0 …(iv)(1)
X which is the required equation of plane.
(0, 0)O 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
x + y = 200 Now, if d is the distance of point (−2, 5, 5) from
x = 20 plane (iv).
op
y – 4x = 0
(1)
5 × (−2 ) + (−4) × 5 + (−1) × 5 − 7
Thirdly, draw the graph of the line x = 20. Then, d =
52 + (−4)2 + (−1)2
On putting (0, 0) in the inequality x ≥ 20, we have
C
0 ≥ 20 [false]  − 10 − 20 − 5 − 7
= 
So, the half plane is away from the origin.  25 + 16 + 1 
Since, x, y ≥ 0. So, the feasible region lies in the first 42
quadrant. = = 42 units (1)
42
Clearly, feasible region is ABCA. (1) Or
On solving the equations, we get A(20, 80), B(40, 160) Let given point be P(1, 2, 3) and A be the foot of
and C(20, 180). perpendicular. Then, PA is the normal to the plane and
The corner points of the feasible region are A(20, 80), its Dr’s will be proportional to 1, 2 and 4. (1)
B(40, 160) and C(20, 180). The value of Z at these P (1, 2, 3)
points are as follow
x+2y+4z=38
Corner point Z = 1000 x + 600 y
A(20, 80) 68000
A
B(40, 160) 136000 (Maximum)
C(20, 180) 128000
Thus, the maximum value of Z is 136000 at B(40, 160).

P′(x, y, z)
(1) (1)


Now, equation of perpendicular line PA is Now, cofactors corresponding to each element of| A|
x −1 y −2 z − 3 are
= = = λ (say)
1 2 4 1 3
C11 = (−1)1 + 1 = 1+ 6 = 7
⇒ x = λ + 1, y = 2 λ + 2, z = 4λ + 3 −2 1
⇒ Coordinates of any point on PA is of the form 0 3

C12 = (−1)1 + 2 = − (0 − 3) = 3
(λ + 1, 2 λ + 2, 4λ + 3). 1 1
∴ Coordinate of A are (λ + 1, 2 λ + 2, 4λ + 3) for 0 1
C13 = (−1)1 + 3 = 0 −1= − 1
some λ. (1) 1 −2
Since, A lies on the plane, therefore we have 1 1
C21 = (−1)2 + 1 = − (1 + 2 ) = − 3
(λ + 1) + 2(2 λ + 2 ) + 4(4λ + 3) = 38 −2 1
⇒ λ + 1 + 4λ + 4 + 16λ + 12 = 38 1 1
C22 = (−1)2 + 2 =0
⇒ 21λ + 17 = 38 1 1
⇒ 21λ = 38 − 17 = 21 1 1
C23 = (−1)2 + 3 = − (−2 − 1) = 3
⇒ λ =1 (1) 1 −2
1 1
C31 = (−1)3 + 1 = 3 − 1= 2
b
So, the required coordinates of foot of perpendicular
1 3
are (1 + 1, 2 × 1 + 2, 4 × 1 + 3 ) i.e. (2, 4, 7) (1/2)
ita
1 1
Now, required perpendicular distance C32 = (−1)3 + 2 = − (3 − 0 ) = − 3
0 3
= (2 − 1) + (4 − 2 ) + (7 − 3)
2 2 2
1 1
and C33 = (−1)3 + 3 = 1− 0 = 1
yK
(1½)
= 1 + 4 + 16 = 21 units (1/2) 0 1
Now, let P′ ( x, y, z ) be the image of point P in the  7 3 −1
T
 7 −3 2 
plane. Then, A will be mid-point of PP′. Then, adj ( A) = −3 0 3 =  3 0 −3 (1/2)
   
yM
 1 + x 2 + y 3 + z  2 −3 1 −1 3 1

∴ (2, 4, 7 ) =  , , 
 2 2 2   7 −3 2 
1+ x 2+ y 3+ z 1 1
⇒ 2= ;4= ;7 = and A−1 = adj ( A) =  3 0 −3 (1/2)
2 2 2 | A| 9 
−1 3 1
op
⇒ x = 3, y = 6, z = 11
Now, the solution of Eq. (i) is given by
Thus, the coordinates of the image of the point P are
(3, 6, 11). (1) X = A−1 B …(ii)
C
−1
29. Let first, second and third numbers be denoted by x, y On putting the values of A and B in RHS of Eq. (ii),
and z, respectively. we get
Then, according to the question,  7 −3 2   6 
1
x + y + z = 6, y + 3 z = 11 X= 3 0 −3 11
9  
and x + z = 2y −1 3 1  0 
⇒ x − 2y + z = 0 (1)  7 × 6 − 3 × 11 + 2 × 0 
1
In matrix form, this system of equations can be written = 3 × 6 + 0 × 11 − 3 × 0 
as 9 
AX = B …(i) −1 × 6 + 3 × 11 + 1 × 0 
1 1 1  x  6  42 − 33 + 0   9   9 / 9  1
1  1  
where A = 0 1 3, X =  y  and B = 11 (1/2) = 18 + 0 − 0 = 18 = 18/ 9 = 2 
      9  9     
 1 −2 1  z   0  − 6 + 33 + 0  27  27 / 9 3
1 1 1  x  1
Here,| A| = 0 1 3 = 1 (1 + 6) − 1 (0 − 3) + 1 (0 − 1) ⇒  y  = 2  (1)
   
1 −2 1  z  3
[expanding along R1] On comparing both sides, we get
= 7 + 3− 1= 9 ≠ 0 x = 1, y = 2 and z = 3
Since,| A| ≠ 0, so the inverse of A exists. (1/2) which are the required numbers. (1/2)

SOLUTIONS
3x dy 1+ y
1. Let I = ò dx 6. We have, + y= , which can be rewritten as
3x - 1 dx x
(3 x - 1) + 1 dy y 1
+ y- =
ò 3x - 1
dx (1/2) dx x x
dy æ
+ ç1 - ö÷ y = , which is a linear differential
dx 1 1
= ò dx + ò Þ
3x - 1 dx è xø x
log|3 x - 1| dy
= x+ +C equation of the form + Py = Q (1)
3 dx
æ 1ö
é dx log|ax + b| ù ò ç1 - ÷dx
è xø
I.F. = e ò Pdx = e
ê ò ax + b = + Cú (1/2) \
ë a û
-1 ex
r r r r = e x - log x = e x .e log x = (1)
2. We have, (a ´ b )2 + (a × b )2 = 225 x
x
Þ |a|2|b|2 sin 2 q + |a|2|b|2 cos 2 q = 225 (1/2) 7. Let I = ò dx
r r r r r r r r 32 - x 2
[Q|a ´ b| = |a||b||sin q| and a × b = |a||b|cos q]
b
Put 32 - x 2 = t
Þ |a|2|b|2 = 225 Þ 25 ×|b|2 = 225
ita
-1
Þ - 2 xdx = dt Þ x dx = dt (1)
Þ |b|2 = 9 Þ|b| = 3 (1/2) 2
-1 dt -1
2 ò t
1 \ I= = .2 t + C
3. Clearly, det ( A-1 ) = | A-1|= | A|-1 = 4-1 =
yK
(1) 2
4
Or = - t + C = - 32 - x 2 + C (1)
-1 3 -1
We have,|2 AB | = 2 | A||B | Or
yM
1
[Q|KA| = K n| A| and | AB| = | A||B|] Let I = ò xe x dx
0
I II
1 é -1 1 ù
= 23 ´ 4 ´ êQ|B | = |B|ú
1 1
= [ x × e x ]0 - ò e x × 1 dx
3 ë û 0 (1)
x 1 1
= [ xe ]0 - [e x ]0
op
32
= (1)
3 = (e - 0 ) - (e - 1)
4. Since, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0. =1 (1)
C
\ lim f ( x ) = f (0 ) 8. We have, f ( x ) = sin 2 x - cos 2 x

x® 0
3x \ f ¢( x ) = 2 cos 2 x + 2 sin 2 x (1)
sin
p p p
Þ lim 2 =k
(1/2) Þ f ¢ æç ö÷ = 2 cos + 2 sin
x® 0 x è 6ø 3 3
3x 1 3
3
sin = 2× + 2× = 1+ 3 (1)
Þ . lim 2 =k 2 2
2 x® 0 3x
Or
2
We have, f ( x ) = sec (tan -1 x )
3
Þ k= 1
2 (1/2) \ f ¢( x ) = sec (tan -1 x ) tan (tan -1 x )×
1 + x2
5. Let E1 be the event that chosen student is a girl, E2 be
the event that chosen student is a boy and A be the event sec sec -1 1 + x 2 tan (tan -1 x )
=
that chosen student got a first division. (1/2) 1 + x2
æ Aö æ Aö [Q tan -1 x = sec -1 1 + x 2 ] (1)
Then, P( A) = P(E1 )× P ç ÷ + P(E2 )× P ç ÷ (1/2)
è E1 ø è E2 ø
x 1 + x2
2 25 1 28 =
= . + . 1 + x2
3 100 3 100
50 28 78 x
= + = = 0.26 =
(1) 1 + x2 (1)
300 300 300


5 ù é 3 -4ù é 7 6 ù 2
We have, 2 é
x é dr d ù
= 4p æç x + ö÷ × 1 Q = æç x + ö÷ = 1
9. + = 1 1
êë 7 y - 3úû êë 1 2 úû êë15 14úû è 3ø êë dx dx è 3ø úû
Þ é2 x + 3 6 ù é 7 6ù
=
2
= 4p æç x + ö÷
(1) 1
ëê 15 2 y - 4ûú ëê15 14úû
è 3ø (1)
Þ 2 x + 3 = 7 and 2 y - 4 = 14 (1/2)
Þ 2 x = 4 and 2 y = 18 13. Let X be a 3 ´ 2 matrix which represent the stock of book
in shop A and shop B, and let Y be a 1 ´ 3 matrix which
Þ x = 2 and y = 9 (1/2)
represent the selling price of books. Then, we get
r ^ $ $ r r
10. Let a = i - j + k, b = 3 i$ + $j + 2 k$ and c = i$ + l $j - 3 k$ Shop A Shop B
r r r Moral education é 24 12 ù
Since, the vectors a, b and c are coplanar.
r rr X = Non-violence ê 49 24 ú
\ [a b c ] = 0 Truth êë 36 60 úû
1 -1 1
Moral education Non-violence Truth
Þ 3 1 2 =0
(1) and Y = [400 350 300 ] (1)
1 l -3
Clearly, the total amount received by each shopkeeper
Þ 1(-3 - 2 l ) + 1(-9 - 2 ) + 1 (3l - 1) = 0 is given by
Þ -3 - 2 l - 11 + 3l - 1 = 0 Þ l = 15 (1) é 400 ù
Shop A é 24 48 36ù
X¢Y ¢ = ê 350 ú
b
Or (1)
Shop B ëê12 24 60 ûú 2 ´ 3 ê ú
We have, ë 300 û
ita
® ® Shop A é 24 ´ 400 + 48 ´ 350 + 36 ´ 300 ù
a + l b = (2 i$ + 2 $j + 3k$ ) + l (- i$ + 2 $j + k$ ) =
Shop B ëê12 ´ 400 + 24 ´ 350 + 60 ´ 300 ûú
= (2 - l )i + 2 (1 + l )$j + (3 + l )k$ (1/2)
Shop A é 9600 + 16800 + 10800 ù
=
yK
® ® ® ® ® ®
Now, ( a + l b ) ^ c Þ ( a + l b )× c = 0 Shop B êë 4800 + 8400 + 18000 úû
(1/2)
\ [(2 - l )i + 2 (1 + l )$j + (3 + l )k ]× (3i$ + $j ) = 0
$ Shop A é 37200 ù
=
Shop B êë 31200 úû
Þ 3(2 - l ) + 2 (1 + l ) = 0
yM
Þ l=8 (1) Thus, total amount received by shopkeeper A is

dy 1 + y 2 ` 37200 and B is ` 31200. (1)
11. We have, =
Non-violence and truth are used by Gandhiji during
dx 1 + x 2
freedom struggle. (1)
On separating the variables, we get
op
dy dx 14. Let E1 be the event that red ball is transfered from bag A
2
= to bag B, E2 be the event that black ball transfered from
1+ y 1 + x2
bag A to bag B and E be the event that red ball is drawn
On integrating both sides, we get
C
from bag B.
dy dx Bag A Bag B
ò 1 + y2 = ò 1 + x2 3 Red 2 Red
(1)
Þ tan -1 y = tan -1 x + C 2 Black 3 Black
Also, we have y(0 ) = 3
3 2 æEö 3
\ tan -1 3 = tan -1 0 + C Then, P(E1 ) = , P(E2 ) = , P ç ÷ =
5 5 è E1 ø 6
p
Þ C= æ Eö 2
3 and P ç ÷ = (2)
è E2 ø 6
Thus, particular solution of the differential equation is
p Now, required probability = P æç 1 ö÷
E
tan -1 y = tan -1 x + (1)
3 èEø
12. Let r be the radius and V be the volume of spherical æEö

P(E1 )× P ç ÷
balloon. è E1 ø
=
2 æEö æ Eö
Then, 2 r = (3 x + 1) P(E1 )P ç ÷ + P(E2 )× P ç ÷
3 è E1 ø è E2 ø
1 1 4 3 3
Þ r = (3 x + 1) = x + and v = pr 3 (1) ×
3 3 3 5 6 9 9
= = = (2)
dV 4 dr 3 3 2 2 9 + 4 13
Now, = p 3r 2 . × + ×
dx 3 dx 5 6 5 6

Or Þ l + 1 + l - 9 + 4l - 2 = 0
Since, A and B are independent events . 5
Þ 6l = 10 Þ l =
\ P( A Ç B) = P( A)× P(B) …(i) (1) 3
Now, probability of at least one of A and B Hence, the coordinates of foot of perpendicular are
= P( A È B) æ -5 , 2 , 19 ö .
ç ÷ (1)
è 3 3 3ø
= P( A) + P(B) - P( A Ç B) (1) r r r r r r r r r
= P( A) + P(B) - P( A)× P(B) [using Eq. (i)] 17. Given,|a| = |b| = |c| = l (say) and a × b = b × c = c × a = 0
r r r r r
= 1 - 1 + P( A) + P(B) - P( A)P(B) (1) Let d = 2 a + b + 2 c and also let d makes angles a
r r r
= 1 - (1 - P( A)) + P(B)(1 - P( A)) with a, b with b and g with c.
r r r r r r
= 1 - (1 - P( A))(1 - P(B)) d × a (2 a + b + 2 c )× a
Then, cos a = r r = r r
= 1 - P( A¢ )P(B¢ ) Hence proved. (1) |d||a| |d||a|
r2 r
æ 1- x ö 1 2|a| + 0 + 0 2|a|
15. We have, tan -1 ç -1
÷ = tan x, x > 0 = r r = r (1)
è1+ x ø 2 |d||a| |d|
r r r r r r
æ 1- x ö d × b (2 a + b + 2 c )× b
Þ 2 tan -1 ç -1
÷ = tan x (1/2) cos b = r r = r r
è1+ x ø |d||b| |d||b|
b
r r
æ æ1- x ö ö |b|2 |b|
ç 2ç ÷ ÷ = r r = r
ita
(1/2)
-1 ç è1+ x ø ÷ |d||b| |d|
Þ tan = tan -1 x (1)
ç 2 ÷ r r r r r r
æ 1- x ö d ×c (2 a + b + 2 c )× c
ç 1- ç ÷ ÷ and cos g = r r = r r
è è 1 +`x ø ø
yK
|d||c| |d||c|
é r2 r
-1 -1 æ 2 x ö ù 2|c| 2|c|
êQ2 tan x = tan ç ÷ú = r r = r
ë è 1 - x2 ø û |d||c| |d|
(1/2)
2(1 - x )(1 + x ) r r r
yM
Þ =x (1) Now, consider|d |2 = d × d

(1 + x )2 - (1 - x )2 r r r r r r
= (2 a + b + 2 c )× (2 a + b + 2 c )
2(1 - x 2 ) r r r
Þ =x (1/2) = 4|a|2 +|b|2 + 4|c|2
4x r r r r r r
op
Þ 2 - 2 x 2 = 4x 2 [\ a × b = b × c = c × a = 0 ]
= 4l 2 + l 2 + 4l 2 = 9l 2
Þ 6x 2 = 2 r
1 1 Þ |d | = 3l (1)
C
Þ x=± Þx= [Q x > 0] (1)

3 3 2l 2 l 1
Thus, cos a = = ; cosb = =
3l 3 3l 3
16. Clearly, equation of the line BC is given by
2l 2
x - x1 y - y1 z - z1 and cos g = =
= = 3l 3
x2 - x1 y2 - y1 z2 - z1
2 1 2
x-0 y+1 z -3 Hence, a = cos -1 , b = cos -1 and g = cos -1 (1)
Þ = = 3 3 3
2 - 0 -3 + 1 -1 - 3
18. We have, f ( x ) = 2 x 3 - 3 x 2 - 36 x + 7
x y+1 z-3
Þ = = Clearly, f ¢( x ) = 6 x 2 - 6 x - 36
2 -2 -4
x y + 1 z -3 = 6( x 2 - x - 6)
Þ = = = l (say)
-1 1 2 = 6( x 2 - 3 x + 2 x - 6)
Þ x = - l, y = l - 1, z = 2 l + 3 (1) = 6 ( x ( x - 3) + 2 ( x - 3))
Thus, any point on the line is of the form = 6( x - 3)( x + 2 ) (1)
(-l, l - 1, 2 l + 3) and DR’s of BC are -1, 1, 2. (1) Now, put f ¢( x ) = 0 Þ x = 3, - 2
Let the coordinates of foot of perpendicular be These points divide the whole real line into three
D(-l, l - 1, 2 l + 3). disjoint intervals namely (-¥, - 2 ), (-2, 3) and (3, ¥ )
Then, DR’s of AD be -l - 1, l - 9, 2 l - 1 (1) (1)
–2 3
Since, AD ^ BC
In (-¥, - 2 ), f ¢( x ) > 0
\ (-1) (-l - 1) + 1(l - 9) + 2(2 l - 1) = 0


\ f ( x ) is strictly increasing in (- ¥,-2 ). 1
= - I1 - 4I2 (say) …(i) (1/2)
In (-2, 3), f ¢( x ) < 0 2
\ f ( x ) is strictly increasing in (- 2, 3). Consider, I1 = ò (-2 - 2 x ) 3 - 2 x - x 2 dx
In (3, ¥ ), f ¢( x ) > 0 On putting 3 - 2 x - x 2 = t, we get

\ f ( x ) is strictly increasing (3, ¥ ). (1) (-2 - 2 x ) dx = dt
Hence, f ( x ) is strictly increasing in (-¥, - 2 ) È(3, ¥ ) and 2
strictly decreasing in (-2, 3). (1) \ I1 = ò t dt = t 3 / 2 + C1
3
x2 + x + 1 2
= (3 - 2 x - x 2 )3 / 2 + C1
19. Let I = ò dx (1)
( x + 1)2 ( x + 2 ) 3
Now, consider
x2 + x + 1 A B C
Now, take = + +
( x + 1)2 ( x + 2 ) x + 1 ( x + 1)2 x+2 I2 = ò 3 - 2 x - x 2 dx
Þ x 2 + x + 1 = A( x + 1)( x + 2 ) + B( x + 2 ) + C( x + 1)2 = ò - ( x 2 + 2 x - 3) dx
2 2 2
Þ x + x + 1 = A( x + 3 x + 2 ) + B( x + 2 ) + C( x + 1 + 2 x )
= ò - ( x 2 + 2 x + 1 - 4) dx
Þ x2 + x + 1
= x 2 ( A + C ) + x(3 A + B + 2C ) + 2 A + 2 B + C (1) = ò 2 2 - ( x + 1)2 dx
b
On equating the coefficients of like power of x and the 1é x + 1ö ù
constant term, we get = ( x + 1) 3 - 2 x - x 2 + 4sin - 1 æç ÷ + C2
ita
2 êë è 2 ø úû
A + C = 1, 3 A + B + 2C = 1 and 2 A + 2 B + C = 1 (1/2)
( x + 1) x + 1ö
Þ 3(1 - C ) + B + 2C = 1 [put A = 1 - C] = 3 - 2 x - x 2 + 2 sin - 1 æç ÷ + C2 (1)
2 è 2 ø
2(1 - C ) + 2 B + C = 1
yK
and
From Eq. (i), we get
Þ B - C = -2
1
2B - C = - 1 I = - (3 - 2 x - x 2 )3 / 2 - 2( x + 1) 3 - 2 x - x 2
- + + 3
yM
- B = -1 x + 1ö
- 8sin - 1 æç
(1)
÷ + C,
Þ B =1 è 2 ø
Þ 1- C = -2 1
where C = - C1 - 4C2 (1/2)
Þ C=3 2
op
Þ A = 1- 3 = -2 [Q A = 1 - C ] (1/2) 20. We have, y = (cos x )x + sin - 1 3 x

x2 + x + 1 -2 1 3
Thus, = + + Let u = (cos x )x and v = sin - 1 3 x . Then, we get
( x + 1)2 ( x + 2 ) x + 1 ( x + 1)2 x+2
C
dy du dv
1 y = u + v and = + (1)
Hence, I = - 2 log| x + 1| - + 3log| x + 2 | + C (1) dx dx dx
x +1
Consider, u = (cos x )x
Or
On taking log both sides, we get
Let I = ò ( x - 3) 3 - 2 x - x 2 dx
log u = x log cos x
d
Now, take ( x - 3) = A (3 - 2 x - x 2 ) + B On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dx
= x × æç × (- sin x )ö÷ + log cos x
Þ x - 3 = A(-2 - 2 x ) + B 1 du 1
×
u dx è cos x ø
Þ x - 3 = x(-2 A) + B - 2 A (1/2)
On equating coefficient of x and the constant term, du
Þ = (cos x )x [logcos x - x tan x ] (1)
we get dx
- 2 A = 1 and B - 2 A = - 3 Now consider, v = sin - 1 3 x
-1
Þ A= and B = - 4 On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
2
-1 dv 1 1 3
Thus, ( x - 3) = (-2 - 2 x ) - 4 (1/2) = × ×3= (1)
2 dx 1 - ( 3x ) 2 3x
2
2 3x - 9x 2
-1 dy 3 1
2 ò
\ I= (-2 - 2 x ) 3 - 2 x - x 2 dx Thus, = (cos x )x [log cos x - x tan x ] + ×
dx 2 3x - 9x 2
- 4ò 3 - 2 x - x 2 dx (1)


2
Or
= Sx 2 × P( X = x ) - æç ö÷
2
We have, y = (sec -1
x) 2 è 10 ø
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get = (0 2 × P( X = 0 ) + 12 × P( X = 1)

dy 1 2
= 2 sec - 1 x × + 2 2 × P( X + 2 )) - æç ö÷
2
dx x x2 - 1 è 10 ø
On squaring both sides, we get æ 18 1 ö
2 2
+ 4 × æç ö÷ ÷ - æç ö÷
2
=ç
2
æ dy ö = 4(sec - 1 x )2 × 1 è 100 è 10 ø ø è 10 ø
ç ÷ (1)
è dx ø x 2 ( x 2 - 1) 22 4 18
2
= - = (1)
æ dy ö = 4y 100 100 100
Þ ç ÷
è dx ø 2 2
x ( x - 1) dy
22. We have, 2 xy + y 2 - 2 x 2 =0
2 dx
Þ x 2 ( x 2 - 1)æç ö÷ = 4 y
dy
(1) dy
è dx ø Þ 2 x2 = 2 xy + y 2
dx
Again on differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get 2
dy y 1 æ y ö
dy d y æ dy ö 2 2
dy Þ = + ç ÷ (1)
x 2 ( x 2 - 1) 2
× + ç ÷ × (4 x 3 - 2 x ) = 4 (1) dx x 2 è x ø
dx dx 2 è dx ø dx
b
dy dv
dy On putting y = vx and = V + x , we get
On dividing both sides by 2 , we get dx dx
ita
dx dv 1 2
v+ x =v+ v
d 2y dy dx 2
x 2 ( x 2 - 1) + (2 x 3 - x ) = 2
dx 2 dx dv 1 2
Þ x = v
yK
Hence proved. (1) dx 2
21. Let p = Probability of success dv 1 dx
Þ = (1)
v2 2 x
1
= Probability of getting 4 = dv 1 dx
yM
10 Þ ò v2 = 2 ò x
and q = Probability of failure
1 1
1 9 Þ - = log| x | + C
= 1- p = 1- = (1/2) v 2
10 10
x 1
op
Here, X can take values 0, 1, 2. Þ - = log| x | + C (1)

y 2
Clearly, X follows binomial distribution with
Also, we have y = 2, when x = 1
1
n = 2, p = . 1 1
C
10 \ - = log 1 + C
2 2
x 2- x
Now, P( X = x ) = 2C x æç ö÷ æç ö÷
1 9 (1/2) 1
è 10 ø è 10 ø Þ C=- [Q log 1 = 0 ]
2
0 2 2
Thus, the required particular solution is
P( X = 0 ) = 2C0 æç ö÷ æç ö÷ = æç ö÷ =
1 9 9 81
\
è 10 ø è 10 ø è 10 ø 100 x 1 1
- = log| x | -
1 y 2 2
P( X = 1) = 2C1 æç ö÷ æ 9 ö = 18
1
ç ÷ x 1 1
è 10 ø è 10 ø 100 = - log| x | (1)
y 2 2
2 0
P( X = 2 ) = 2C2 æç ö÷ æç ö÷
1 9
and p x
è 10 ø è 10 ø 23. Let I=ò dx …(i)
0 1 + sin x
2
= æç ö÷ =
1 1 p p-x
è 10 ø
(1) =ò dx
100 0 1 + sin(p - x )
Now, mean E( X ) = Sx × P( X = x ) p p-x
=ò dx … (ii)
= 0 × P( X = 0 ) + 1× P( X = 1) + 2 × P( X = 2 )
0 1 + sin x
18 1 20 2 On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
= 1× + 2× = = (1)
100 100 100 10 p p
2I = ò dx (1)
0 1 + sin x
and variance, V ( X ) = E( X 2 ) - (E( X ))2


p dx Equation of the line BC is
Þ 2I = p ò0 2 tan x / 2 2-5 -3
1+ ( y - 5) = ( x - 3) Þ y - 5 = ( x - 3)
1 + tan x 2 x / 2 5- 3 2
p sec 2 x / 2 dx Þ 2 y - 10 = - 3 x + 9 Þ 2 y - 19 = - 3 x
Þ 2I = p ò (1)
0 1 + tan 2 x / 2 + 2 tan x / 2
Þ 3 x = 19 - 2 y (1)
Put tan x / 2 = t 2 5
\Required area ò ( x of AC ) dy + ò2 ( x + of BC ) dy
x 1 -2
Þ sec 2 × dx = dt
2 2 5
-ò ( x of AB) dy
x -2
Þ sec 2 dx = 2dt
5 19 - 2 y ö
( y + 3) dy + ò æç
2 2
=ò ÷dy
-2 2 è 3 ø
Also when x = 0, then t = 0
and when x = p, then t = ¥ 5 2 y + 11 (1)
-ò dy
¥ dt -2 7
\ 2I = 2p ò (1) 2
0 1 + t 2 + 2t é y2 ù 1 1
¥
=ê + 3 y ú + [19 y - y 2 ]52 - [ y 2 + 11y ]5-2
dt ë 2 û -2 3 7
Þ I=pò
0 (t + 1)2
1
= [(2 + 6) - (2 - 6)] +
[(95 - 25) - (38 - 4)]
b
¥
é -1 ù 3
Þ I = pê ú
ë t + 1û 0 1
ita
- [(25 + 55) - (4 - 22 )]
7
Þ I = - p [0 - 1] = p (1)
1 1
= 12 + [70 - 34] - [80 + 18]
24. Equation of the line AB is 3 7
yK
5 - (-2 ) 1 1
( y + 2) = ( x - 1) = 12 + × 36 - × 98
3-1 3 7
7 = 12 + 12 - 14 = 10 sq units (1)
Þ y + 2 = ( x - 1)
yM
2 Or
Þ 2y + 4 = 7x - 7 4
Let I = ò (3 x 2 + 2 x + 1) dx
Þ 7 x = 2 y + 11 …(i) (1) 0
b
op
Y On comparing the given integral with ò f ( x ) dx, we get

a
5 B(3, 5)
f ( x ) = 3 x 2 + 2 x + 1; a = 0 and b = 4
4
Now, nh = b - a = 4 - 0 = 4 (1)
C
3
Here, f (a) = f (0 ) = 1
2 C(5, 2)
f (a + h ) = f (h ) = 3h 2 + 2 h + 1
1
f (a + 2 h ) = f (2 h ) = 3(2 h 2 ) + 2(2 h ) + 1
X′ X
–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 M M M
–1 f (a + (n - 1)h ) = f ((n - 1)h )
= 3((n - 1)h )2 + 2((m - 1)h ) + 1 (1)
–2
A(1, –2)
As we know that,
–3 b
òa f ( x ) dx = lim h[f (a) + f (a + h ) + ... + f (a + (n - 1)h )]
h® 0
4
ò3
2
Y′ (1) \ (3 x + 2 x + 1) dx
Equation of the line AC is = lim h [1 + (3h 2 + 2 h + 1) + (3(2 h )2 + 2(2 h ) + 1)
h® 0
2 - (-2 )
( y + 2) = ( x - 1) + ...+ (3(n - 1)h )2 + 2((n - 1)h ) + 1)] (1)
5 -1
4 = lim h [(1 + 1 + ... + n times ) + 3(h 2 + 2 2 h 2 +
Þ y + 2 = ( x - 1) h® 0
4 K + (n - 1)2 h 2 ) + 2 (n + 2 n + ... + (n - 1)h )]
Þ y + 2 = x -1
= lim h [n + 3h 2 (12 + 2 2 + .....+ (n - 1)2 )
Þ x=y+3 …(ii) (1) h® 0
+ 2 h(1 + 2 + K + (n - 1))] (1)


(n - 1)× n(2 n - 1) (n - 1)× n ù 1/ 3
= lim h é n + 3h 2 + 2h × i.e. S is minimum when h = æç ö÷
6V
(1)
h® 0 êë 6 2 úû è p ø
é h 2 (n - 1)× n (2 n - 1) ù Now, from Eq. (i), we get
= lim h ê n + + h (n - 1)× n ú 1/ 3
h® 0
ë 2 û 1 2 æ 6V ö
V= pr ç ÷
(nh - h )(nh )(2 nh - h ) 3 è p ø
= lim é nh + + (nh - h )(nh )ù
h® 0 ê
ë 2 úû 1 3 6 6V
Þ V3 = p r ×
27 p
(4 - h )× 4(8 - h )
= lim é 4 + + (4 - h )× 4ù 9V 2
h® 0 ê
ë 2 úû Þ = r6
2p 2
= 4 + 4 × 2 × 8 + 16 = 20 + 64 = 84 (2) 2
æ 3V ö
25. Let r be the radius and h be the height and l be slant Þ r6 = ç ÷
è 2p ø
height of right circular cone. Also, let V be the given
1/ 3 1/ 3
æ 6V ö
r = æç
volume and S be the curved surface area. 3V ö
Þ ÷ =ç ÷
è pø è ( 2 )2 p ø
1/ 3
1 æ 6V ö 1
= ç ÷ = h
2è p ø 2
b
l
Þ h = 2r Hence proved. (1)
h
ita
Or
Given equation of curve is
r x = acos q + aqsin q, y = asin q - aqcos q
yK
dx
1 2 Here, = - asin q + asin q + aqcos q = aqcos q
Then, V= pr h …(i) dq
3
dy
and S = p rl (1) and = acos q - acos q + aqsin q = aqsin q (1)
dq
yM
2 2 2 2 2
= pr h + r [Q l = r + h ] (1/2) dy aqsin q sin q
2 2 2 2 2
\ = = (1/2)
Þ S = p r (h + r ) dx aqcos q cos q
3V 1 æ 2 3V 1 ö Now, equation of tangent to the curve at any point q is
= p2 × çh + × ÷ given by
p hè p hø
op
( y - asin q + aqcos q)
S 2 = 3Vp æç h +
3V 1 ö
Þ × ÷ (1) sin q
è p h2 ø = ( x - acos q - aqcos q) (1/2)
Now, let S 2 = f (h ), then S 2 is maximum or minimum cos q
C
according as f (h ) is maximum of minimum. Þ y cos q - asin q × cos q + aqcos 2 q
Consider, f (h ) = 3Vp æç h +
3V 1 ö
× ÷ = x sin q - acos qsin q - aqsin 2 q
è p h2 ø (1/2)
Þ x sin q - y cos q - aq(sin 2 q + cos 2 q) = 0
f ¢(h ) = 3Vp æç1 -
6V 1 ö
× ÷ Þ x sin q - y cos q - aq = 0,
è p h3 ø
Put f ¢(h ) = 0 which is required equation of tangent. (1)
6V 1 -1 cos q
Þ 1= × Clearly, slope of normal = =- (1/2)
p h3
dy sin q
1 dx
h = æç ö÷
6V 3 and equation of normal at any point q is
Þ (1)
è p ø
( y - asin q + aqcos q)
f ¢¢(h ) = 3Vp æç 0 +
18V 1 ö cos q
Now, × ÷ =- ( x - acos q - aqsin q) (1/2)
è p h4 ø sin q
4
æ 1
ö Þ sin qy - asin 2 q + aqsin qcos q
ç æ 6V ö 3 ÷ 18V æ p ö 3
Þ f ¢¢ ç ÷ = 3Vp ´ ç ÷ >0
çè p ø ÷ p è 6V ø = - x cos q + acos 2 q + aqsin qcos q
è ø
1/ 3 Þ x cos q + y sin q - a(sin 2 q + cos 2 q) = 0
\ f (h ) is minimum when h = æç ö÷
6V
.
è p ø Þ x cos q + y sin q - a = 0 (1)


Now, distance of normal from origin Consider y = f ( x )
4x
0 × cos q + 0 × sin q - a Þ y= Þ 3 xy + 4 y = 4 x
= 3x + 4
cos 2 q + sin 2 q
Þ 3 xy - 4 x = - 4 y Þ 4 x - 3 xy = 4 y
=|a|, which is a constant. 4y 4
Hence proved. (1) Þ x= , which is not defined when y = . (1½)
4 - 3y 3
26. Given that * P( X ) ´ P( X )¾® P( X ), defined as 4y -4
Also, =
A * B = A Ç B, " A, B Î P( X ) 4 - 3y 3
Commutativity Let A, B Î P( X ) be any arbitrary Þ 12 y = - 16 + 12 y Þ 0 = - 16
elements. 4y 4
\ ¹-
Then, A * B = A Ç B = B Ç A = B * A 4 - 3y 3 (1)
Î R - ìí - üý," y Î R - ìí üý
Q A, B Î P( X ) were arbitrary 4y 4 4
Thus, x =
\ A * B = B * A, " A, B Î P( X ) 4 - 3y î 3þ î 3þ
So, range of f = R - ìí - üý
So, * is commutative (1½) 4
(1)
Associativity Let A, B, C Î P( X ) be any arbitrary î 3þ
element.
, where y Î R - ìí üý
4y 4
b
Clearly f -1( y ) =
Then, A * (B * C ) = A * (B Ç C ) 4 - 3y î 3þ
ita
= A Ç (B Ç C )
é -1 4y ù
= A Ç B ÇC ê\ f ( x ) = y Þ x = f ( y ) and here x = 4 - 3 y ú
ë û
and ( A * B )* C = ( A Ç B )* C
," x Î R - ìí üý.
4x 4
yK
= ( A Ç B) Ç C Hence, f -1( x ) = (1)
4 - 3x î 3þ
= A Ç B ÇC a b c a+ b+c a+ b+c a+ b+c
Thus, A * (B * C ) = ( A * B)* C 27. Let D = b c a = b c a
yM
So, * is associative (1½) c a b c a b

Clearly, A * X = A Ç X = A = X Ç A
[applying R1 ® R1 + R2 + R3 ] (1)
= X * A, " A Î P( X )
1 1 1
Thus, X is the identity element for the given binary = (a + b + c ) b c a
op
operation *. (1)
c a b
Now, an element A Î P( X ) is invertible, if there exists
B Î P( X ) such that 0 0 1
= (a + b + c ) b - a c - a a
A * B = X = B * A [as X is the identity element]
C
c -b a-b b
\ AÇB= X =BÇ A
[using C1 ® C1 - C3 and C2 ® C2 - C3 ] (1)
This case is possible only, when A = X = B.
Expanding along R1, we get
Thus, X is the only invertible element in P( X ) with
respect to the given operation ‘*’. (2) D = (a + b + c )[1 (b - a)(a - b) - (c - a)(c - b)]
Or = (a + b + c )(ba - b2 - a2 + ab
- c 2 + cb + ac - ab)
We have a function f : R - ìí - üý ® R defined as
4
î 3þ -1
= (a + b + c ) ´ (- 2 )(- a2 - b2
4x 2
f( x) = . - c 2 + ab + bc + ca) (1)
3x + 4
[multiply and divide by (-2)]
One-one Let x1, x2 Î R - ìí - üý such that f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )
4
î 3þ -1
= (a + b + c )[a2 + b2 + c 2 - 2 ab - 2 bc
4 x1 4 x2 2
Þ = - 2ca + a2 + b2 + c 2 ] (1)
3 x1 + 4 3 x2 + 4
1
Þ 12 x1 x2 + 16 x1 = 12 x1 x2 + 16 x2 = - (a + b + c ) [a2 + b2 - 2 ab + b2 + c 2
2
Þ 16 x1 = 116 x2
- 2 bc + c 2 + a2 - 2ca]
Þ x1 = x2
-1
Þ f is one-one. (1½) = (a + b + c ) [(a - b)2 + (b - c )2 + (c - a)2 ]
2
Onto Let y Î R (codomain) be any arbitrary element. (1)

Also, D=0 Also, (0, 0) satisfy x + y £ 10.

-1 So, half plane represented by x + y £ 10 is towards
Þ (a + b + c )[(a - b)2 + (b - c )2 + (c - a)2 ] = 0
2 the origin.
Þ (a - b)2 + (b - c )2 + (c - a)2 = 0 Clearly, 2 £ x £ 8 is the region bounded between the
lines x = 2 and x = 8.
[Qa + b + c ¹ 0, given]
Similarly, 1 £ y £ 6 is the region bounded between the
Þ a- b= b-c =c - a= 0 lines y = 1and y = 6.
Þ a= b=c (1) Y
28. Given equation of line is
10
r
r = 2 i$ - $j + 2 k$ + l(3i$ + 4 $j + 2 k$ ) 9
8
= (2 + 3l )i$ + (4l - 1)$j + (2 l + 2 )k$
(1 1 2 ) 7
E D
Thus, coordinates of any point on the given line is of x=6 6
x+
y=
5
the form (2 + 3l, 4l - 1, 2 l + 2 ).
10
4
Let the coordinates of point of intersection P be 3
2
C
(2 + 3l, 4l - 1, 2 l + 2 ). (1) A
y=1 1 X
Clearly, the equation of plane is given by X′
b
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
x - x1 y - y1 z - z1
x2 - x1 y2 - y1 z2 - z1 = 0 (1/2)
ita
x3 - x1 y3 - y1 z3 - z1
x -1 y + 2 z -2
Þ 4-1 2 + 2 3 - 2 =0
yK
(1)
3 - 1 0 - (-2 ) 2 - 2
x=2 x=8
x -1 y + 2 z -2
Þ 3 4 1 =0
yM
2 2 0
The shaded region ABCDE is the feasible region.
Þ ( x - 1)(0 - 2 ) - ( y + 2 )(0 - 2 ) + ( z - 2 )(6 - 8) = 0
The corner points of the feasible region are A(2,1,)
Þ (-2 )( x - 1) - (-2 )( y + 2 ) + (-2 )( z - 2 ) = 0 , ), D(4, 6) and E(2, 6).
B(8, 1,) C(82 (1)
Þ x - 1- y - 2 + z - 2 = 0
op
The value of Z at the corner point are given below

Þ x - y + z = 5 (1)
Corner point Z = 1500 x + 2000 y
Since, P lies on the plane, therefore, we get A(2, 1) 1500 ´ 2 + 2000 = 5000
C
2 + 3l - 4l + 1 + 2 l + 2 = 5 B(8, 1) 1500 ´ 8 + 2000 = 14000

Þ l=0
C(8, 2 ) 1500 ´ 8 + 2000 ´ 2 = 16000
Hence, the coordinates of P are (2, - 1, 2 ). (1)
D(4, 6) 1500 ´ 4 + 2000 ´ 6 = 18000
29. Let the farmer used x hectares of land for cabbages and (Maximum)
y hectare of land for potatoes. Then, our problem is to E(2, 6) 1500 ´ 2 + 2000 ´ 6 = 15000
maximise Z = 1500 x + 2000 y
subject to the constraints Clearly, the maximum value of Z is 18000 which occur
at D(4, 6).
x + y £ 10, 2 £ x £ 8,
So, to maximise the profit, farmer should plant
1 £ y £ 6 and x, y ³ 0 (1 1 2 ) cabbage in 4 hectares and potatoes in 6 hectares. (1)
Now, let us draw the graph of above inequalities. Here, Farmer is producing more potatoes which will
Clearly, line passes through the points (0,10) help the community as the potatoes have high protein
and (10, 0). value than cabbage. (1)

Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile
Composite Default screen
SOLUTIONS
2 3
æd 2yö æ dy ö 6. We have, sin 2 y + cos xy = K
1. We have, ç 2 ÷ + ç ÷ + x 4 = 0
è dx ø è dx ø
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
Clearly order and degree of given differential equation dy æ xdy ö
2 sin y cos y + (- sin xy )ç + y÷ = 0
is 2 and 2, respectively. dx è dx ø
\Sum of order and degree of given differential dy dy
equation is 2 + 2 = 4. (1) Þ sin 2 y - x sin xy - y sin xy = 0
dx dx
Or dy
Þ (sin 2 y - x sin xy ) = y sin xy
The highest order differential coefficients present is dx
d 5y dy y sin xy
. So, its order is 5. The differential equation is not Þ = (1)
dx 5 dx sin 2 y - x sin xy
dy p p
expressible as a polynomial in . So, its degree is sin
dx æ dy ö 4 4
Þ ç ÷ =
not defined. (1) è dx ø æç1, p ö÷ æpö p
è 4ø sin 2 ç ÷ - sin
2. Given equation of line is è 4ø 4
b
x-5 y+4 z-6 p 1
= = ´
= 4 2
ita
3 7 2
1
\Line passes through (5, - 4, 6) and have DR’s 3, 7, 2. 1-
2
\Vector equation of the given line is p p ( 2 + 1)
r = = (1)
yK
r = (5i$ - 4 $j + 6k$ ) + l(3i$ + 7 $j + 2 k$ ). (1) 4( 2 - 1) 4
3. We have, f ( x ) = |cos x| Or
Let g( x ) = cos x and h( x ) = | x| Given, y = (tan -1 x )2
yM
Qcos x and| x| is continuous for all value of x. On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
1
Now, h(gx ) = |cos x| = f ( x ) (1/2) y1 = 2 tan -1 x ×
\ f ( x ) = |cos x| is continuous for all value of x. 1+ x 2
Þ (1 + x 2 )y1 = 2 tan - 1 x (1)
op
[we know that f and g are real value function such

that (fog) is defined at c if g is continuous at c and if f Þ (1 + x 2 )2 y12 = 4(tan -1 x )2
is continuous at g(c), then (fog ) is continuous at c] Þ (1 + x 2 )2 y12 = 4 y [Q y = (tan -1 x )2 ]
(1/2)
C
Þ (1 + x 2 )2 y12 - 4 y = 0 (1)
-1
4. We know that, AA =I 3 2
7. We have, f ( x ) = 4 x - 18 x + 27 x - 7
Þ | A A-1| = |I|
f ¢( x ) = 12 x 2 - 36 x + 27
Þ | A|| A-1| = 1
Þ f ¢( x ) = 3(4 x 2 - 12 x + 9)
-1 1
Þ |A | = Þ f ¢( x ) = 3(2 x - 3)2
| A|
f ¢( x ) > 0, " x Î R
Þ | A-1| = | A|-1
Hence, f ( x ) is always increasing for all values of x. (2)
Hence, k = - 1 (1)
Or
é 3 4ù é 1 y ù é 7 0 ù We have, f ( x ) = ( x - 1)e + 1 x
5. Given, 2 ê + =
ë 5 x úû êë 0 1úû êë10 5úû
Þ f ¢( x ) = ( x - 1) e x + e x
é 6 8 ù é 1 yù é 7 0ù
Þ êë10 2 x úû + êë 0 1úû = êë10 5úû (1) = xe x - e x + e x
é 7 8 + y ù é 7 0ù = xe x (1)
Þ êë10 2 x + 1úû = êë10 5úû When x>0
\ 8+ y = 0 f ¢( x ) > 0 [Qx > 0 and e x > 0 when x > 0]
Þ y = - 8 and 2 x + 1 = 5 Þ x = 2 Thus, f ¢( x ) > 0," x > 0
Now, x - y = 2 - (-8) = 10 (1) Hence, f ( x ) is a strictly increasing function for all
x > 0. (1)

D:\dtp-34 Ravinder Kumar\Tarun Sharma\I Succeed Sample Paper\XII\II Proof\Sample Paper_18.vp
Thursday, November 29, 2018 3:35:07 PM 4

8. Let r be the radius of sphere, V be the volume of sphere ìæ 3ö ü
ï ç x - ÷ï
and S be the surface area of sphere. ï è 2øï
= sin -1í ý+C
Then,
4
V = pr 3 and S = 4pr 2 ï æç 41 ö÷ ï
3 ïè 2 øï
î þ
dV
Now, = 3 cm 3 /s æ 2 x - 3 ö
dt = sin -1 ç ÷ +C (1)
d æ 4p 3 ö dr è 41 ø
\ 3= ç r ÷ = 4pr 2
dt è 3 ø dt 12. We have, f ( x ) = ( x - 4)( x - 6)( x - 8)
dr 3
Þ = (1) Since, f ( x ) is a polynomial function.
dt 4pr 2
dS d dr æ 3 ö 6 \It is continuous and differentiable for all value of x.
Now, = (4pr 2 ) = 8pr = 8pr ç ÷=
dt dt dt è 4pr 2 ø r f ( x ) = ( x - 4)( x - 6)( x - 8)
dS 6 f ¢( x ) = ( x - 6)( x - 8) + ( x - 4)( x - 8) + ( x - 4)( x - 6)
Hence, when r = 2, then = = 3 cm 2 / s (1)
dt 2 f ¢( x ) = x 2 - 14 x + 48 + x 2
- 12 x + 32 + x 2 - 10 x + 24
9. Given the equation of line is
5 x - 25 = 14 - 17 y = 35 z f ¢( x ) = 3 x 2 - 36 x + 104 (1)
14 For Lagrange’s mean value theorem,
b
y-
x-5 17 z f (b) - f (a)
Þ = = f ¢(c ) =
1 -1 1 b-a
ita
5 17 35 f (10 ) - f (4) 48 - 0
1 -1 1 Þ 3c 2 - 36c + 104 = = =8
Direction ratio of the given line is , , (1) 10 - 4 6
5 17 35
yK
Equation of line passing through (1, 2, - 1) and parallel Þ 3c 2 - 36c + 96 = 0 Þ c 2 - 12c + 32 = 0
æ1 1 $ 1 $ö Þ (c - 8)(c - 4) = 0
to given vector ç i$ - j + k ÷ is
è5 17 35 ø \ c = 4, 8
r æ1 1 $ 1 $ö
yM
r = i$ + 2 $j - k$ + l ç i$ - j + k ÷. (1) i.e. 8 Î(4, 10 )

è5 17 35 ø
Hence, mean value theorem is verified f ( x ) with c = 8
10. Given E¢ and F¢ are independent events. in (4, 10). (1)
ép 1 -1 æ a ö ù ép 1 -1 æ a ö ù
\ P(E ¢ÇF ¢ ) = P(E ¢ ) ´ P(F ¢ ) 13. LHS = tan ê + cos ç ÷ ú + tan ê - cos ç ÷ ú
op
ë4 2 è bø û ë4 2 è bø û
Þ 1 - P(E È F ) = (1 - P(E ))(1 - P(F )) (1)
(1)
Þ 1 - (P(E ) + P(F ) - P(E Ç F ))
1 a a
= 1 - P(E ) - P(F ) + P(E ) ´ P(F ) Put cos -1 = q Þ = cos2q (1)
C
2 b b
Þ P(E Ç F ) = P(E ) ´ P(F )
æp ö æp ö
Hence, E and F are also independent event. (1) Now, LHS = tan ç + q÷ + tan ç - q÷
è4 ø è4 ø
dx dx
11. Let I = ò 2 Þ I=ò 2 1 + tan q 1 - tan q
x + 4x + 8 x + 4x + 4 + 4 = + (1)
1 - tan q 1 + tan q
dx
Þ I=ò (1 + tan q)2 + (1 - tan q)2
( x + 2 )2 + (2 )2 =
1 - tan 2 q
1 æ x + 2ö
Þ I= tan -1 ç ÷+C (2)
2 è 2 ø 2(1 + tan 2 q) 2
= 2
=
Or 1 - tan q cos 2q
dx dx
Let I = ò =ò 2b
8 + 3x - x 2
8 - ( x 2 - 3x ) = = RHS Hence proved. (1)
a
dx x x + y x + 2y
=ò (1)
æ 9ö 9 14. LHS = x + 2 y x x+ y
8 - ç x 2 - 3x + ÷+
è 4ø 4 x+ y x + 2y x
dx Apply C1 ® C1 + C2 + C3 , we get
=ò
2 2
æ 41 ö æ 3ö 3x + 3y x+ y x + 2y
ç ÷ -çx- ÷
è 2 ø è 2ø = 3x + 3y x x+ y (1)
3x + 3y x + 2y x

Taking common (3 x + 3 y ) from C1, we get dy d 1 d

Þ = e x log sin x ´ ( x logsin x )+ ( x)
1 x + y x + 2y dx dx 1 - x dx
= (3 x + 3 y ) 1 x x+ y (1) dy æ x ö
Þ = e x log sin x ´ ç cos x + logsin x ÷
1 x + 2y x dx è sin x ø
Apply R2 ® R2 - R1 and R3 ® R3 - R1, we get æ 1 ö
+ç ÷
1 x + y x + 2y è 2 x 1 - x ø
= (3 x + 3 y ) 0 -y -y (1) dy x 1
Þ = (sin x ) ( x cot x + logsin x ) + (2)
0 y -2 y dx 2 x - x2
Expanding along C1, we get 2 xdx
16. Let I = ò
= (3 x + 3 y )(2 y 2 + y 2 ) = 9 y 2 ( x + y )= RHS (1) ( x 2 + 1) + ( x 2 + 2 )2
Or Put x 2 = t Þ 2 xdx = dt
1+ a 1 1 dt
\ I=ò
LHS = 1 1+ b 1 t + 1 + (t + 2 )2
1 1 1+ c dt dt
=ò
t + 1 + t 2 + 4t + 4 ò t 2 + 5t + 5
=
Taking common a, b, c from R1 , R2 and R3
respectively, we get dt
=ò (2)
b
1 1 1 25 25
1+ 2
t + 5t + 5 + -
a a a 4 4
ita
1 1 1 dt
= abc 1+ (1) =ò
b b b 2 2
æ 5ö æ 5ö
1 1 1 çt + ÷ - ç ÷
1+ è 2ø è 2 ø
c c c
yK
Apply R1 ® R1 + R2 + R3 , we get 5 5
- t +
1 2 2 +C
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = log
1+ + + 1+ + + 1+ + + 5 5 5
a b c a b c a b c 2´ t + +
yM
1 1 1 2 2 2
= abc 1+ (1)
b b b 1 2t + 5 - 5
1 1 1 = log +C
1+ 5 2t + 5 + 5
c c c
1 1 1 2 x2 + 5 - 5
op
1
Taking common 1 + + + from R1, we get = log 2 +C (2)
a b c 5 2x + 5 + 5
1 1 1 Or
C
-1
æ 1 1 1 ö 1 1 1 x cos xdx
= abc ç1 + + + ÷ 1+ (1) Let I=ò
è a b cø b b b 1 - x2
1 1 1
1+
c c c Integrate using parts, we get
Apply C2 ® C2 - C1, C3 ® C3 - C1, we get xdx d (cos -1 x ) é xdx ù
I = cos -1 x ò -ò êò ú dx + C
ëê 1 - x úû
1 - x2 dx 2
1 0 0 (2)
1 æ -1 ö
= (abc + ab + bc + ca) 1 0 = cos -1 x(- 1 - x 2 ) - ò ç ÷(- 1 - x 2 ) dx + C
b ç 1 - x2 ÷
1 è ø
0 1 é ù
c xdx
êQ ò = - 1 - x 2 + Cú
= (abc + ab + bc + ca)(1 - 0 ) êë 1- x 2
úû
[expanding along R1]
= - 1 - x 2 cos -1 x - ò dx + C
= abc + ab + bc + ca = RHS (1)
15. Let y = (sin x )x + sin -1 x = - 1 - x 2 cos -1 x - x + C (2)

x b p/ 4
y = e logsin x + sin -1 x [Qab = e log a ] 17. Let I=ò tan x + cot x dx
0
x log sin x -1
Þ y =e + sin x p/ 4 æ sin x cos x ö
dy d x log sin x d I=ò ç + ÷ dx
Þ = (e )+ (sin -1 x ) (2) 0 è cos x sin x ø
dx dx dx


sin x + cos x
p/ 4 ® ® ®
Þ I=ò dx (1) \ AB × ( AC ´ AD ) = 0
0sin x cos x
-2 -4 -6
p/ 4 sin x + cos x
Þ I = 2ò dx Þ -1 -3 -8 = 0
0 2 sin x cos x 1 0 y-9
p/ 4 sin x + cos x
Þ I = 2ò dx 2 4 6
0
1 - (sin x - cos x )2 Þ 1 3 8 =0 (1)
Put sin x - cos x = t Þ (cos x + sin x ) dx = dt 1 0 y-9
p Þ 2(3 y - 27 ) - 4( y - 9 - 8) + 6(0 - 3) = 0
When x = 0, then t = - 1and when x = , then t = 0
4 (1) Þ 6 y - 54 - 4 y + 68 - 18 = 0
0 dt
\ I = 2ò Þ 2y - 4 = 0
-1
1- t2
Þ y =2 (1)
= 2 [sin -1 t ]0-1 Or
= 2 [sin -1 0 - sin -1(-1)] Given position vectors of A, B and C are
æ pö
= 2 ç0 + ÷ 2 i$ - $j + k$, i$ - 3 $j - 5k$ and 3i$ - 4 $j - 4k$ respectively.
è 2ø
®
p \ AB = (i$ - 3 $j - 5k$ ) - (2 i$ - $j + k$ )
b
= (2)
2
= - i$ - 2 $j - 6k$
ita
-1 2
18. We have, (tan x - y )dx - (1 + x ) dy = 0 ®
-1
AC = (3i$ - 4 $j - 4k$ ) - (2 i$ - $j + k$ )
dy tan x y
Þ = - = i$ - 3 $j - 5k$ (1)
dx 1 + x 2 1 + x 2
yK
®
dy y tan -1 x and BC = (3i$ - 4 $j - 4k$ ) - (i$ - 3 $j - 5k$ )
Þ + 2
= (1)
dx 1 + x 1 + x2
= 2 i$ - $j + k$ (1)
yM
dy
This is the form of + Py = Q ®
dx Now, | AB|2 = 1 + 4 + 36 = 41
1 tan -1 x ®
Here, P = 2
,Q = | AC|2 = 1 + 9 + 25 = 35
1+ x 1 + x2
op
®
1
ò dx and |BC|2 = 4 + 1 + 1 = 6
1 + x2 tan -1 x
IF = e =e (1) ® ® ®
Here,| AC|2 + |BC|2 = | AB|2
The solution of the given differential equation is
C
-1 -1 tan -1 x \ ABC is a right angled triangle.

y × e tan x
= ò e tan x
× dx
1 + x2 1 ® ®
\Area of DABC = | AC||BC|
é ù 2
-1 1
Þ y × e tan x
= ò te t dt êQ tan -1 x = t Þ 2
dx = dt ú 1 210
ë 1 + x û =
35 ´ 6 = (1)
2 2
tan -1 x t
Þ ye = e (t - 1) + C x -1 y - 2 z - a
20. We have, = = ,
tan -1 x -1
2 3 4
Þ ye = e tan x
(tan -1 x - 1) + C (2)
x - 4 y -1
and = =z
19. Let A, B, C and D be given points, then 5 2
® Since, these two lines are not skew lines.
AB = (i$ + 2 $j + 3k$ ) - (3i$ + 6 $j + 9k$ )
\They are not coplanar. (1)
= - 2 i$ - 4 $j - 6k$
x2 - x1 y2 - y1 z2 - z1
®
AC = (2 i$ + 3 $j + k$ ) - (3i$ + 6 $j + 9k$ ) Hence, a1 b1 c1 ¹ 0
a2 b2 c2
= - i$ - 3 $j - 8k$
®
4 - 1 1- 2 0 - a
and AD = (4i$ + 6 $j + yk$ ) - (3i$ + 6 $j + 9k$ ) Þ 2 3 4 ¹0
= i$ + ( y - 9)k$ (2) 5 2 1
Since, the given points are coplanar.


3 -1 - a By using Baye’s theorem,
Þ 2 3 4 ¹0 (1) æ Aö
5 2 1 P(E1 ) ´ P ç ÷
æE ö è E1 ø
Pç 1 ÷ =
Þ 3(3 - 8) + 1(2 - 20 ) - a(4 - 15) ¹ 0 è Aø æ Aö æ Aö
P(E1 ) ´ P ç ÷ + P(E2 ) ´ P ç ÷
Þ -15 - 18 + 11a ¹ 0 è E1 ø è E2 ø
33 3 7
Þ a¹ ´
11 10 10 21 21 3
= = = = (1)
Þ a¹3 3 7 7 1 21 + 7 28 4
(2) ´ + ´
10 10 10 10
21. Two numbers can be choose as
Yes, regularity is required in school because regularity
(1, 3), (1, 5), (1, 7), (3, 5), (3, 7), (5, 7). is the key of success. (1)
Let random variable X denotes the sum of numbers dy
23. We have, ( x - y ) = x + 2 y
on two cards drawn. So, the random X may have dx
values 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 respectively. dy x + 2 y
Þ = ...(i)
dx x-y
X P( X ) XP( X ) X 2 P( X )
Put y = vx
4 1 4 16
dy dv
b
6 6 6 Þ =v+ x (1)
dx dx
6 1 6 36
ita
\ Eq. (i) reduces to
6 6 6
xdv 1 + 2 v
2 16 128 v+ =
8 dx 1- v
6 6 6
yK
dv 1 + 2 v 1 + v + v2
10 1 10 100 Þ x = -v =
dx 1- v 1- v
6 6 6
1- v dx
12 1 12 144 Þ dv = (1)
v2 + v + 1
yM
x
6 6 6
v -1 dx
S P( X ) = 1 S XP( X ) S X 2 P( X ) Þ ò v 2 + v + 1 dv = - ò x
Total 48 444
= =8 = 1
6 6 (2 v + 1)dv
op
2 3 dv dx
(2)
Þ ò v2 + v + 1 - 2 ò v2 + v + 1 = - ò x
48
\ Mean ( X ) = S XP( X ) = =8 1 3 dv
6 Þ log|v 2 + v + 1| - ò
C
2
2 2 æ 1ö
2
æ 3ö
and var ( X ) = SX 2 P( X ) - [SXP( X )]2 ç v + ÷ + ç ÷
è 2ø è 2 ø
2
444 æ 48 ö
= - ç ÷ = 74 - 64 = 10 (2) = - log| x| + C
6 è 6ø
æ 1ö
22. Consider the events 1 3 1 çv + ÷
Þ 2
log|v + v + 1| - ´ tan -1 ç 2 ÷ (1)
E1 = students have 100% attendence 2 2 3 ç 3 ÷
ç ÷
E2 = students are irregular 2 è 2 ø
and A = students get A grade = - log| x| + C
3 1 y 2 + xy + x 2 æ2y + x ö
Given, P(E1 ) = 30% = , Þ log - 3 tan -1 ç ÷
10 2 x 2 è 3x ø
7
P(E2 ) = 70% = , = - log| x| + C
10
1 2 2 -1 æ 2 y + x ö
æ Aö 7 Þ log| y + x + xy|- log| x|- 3 tan ç ÷
P ç ÷ = 70% = 2 è 3x ø
è E1 ø 10
= - log| x|+ C
æ Aö 1 1 æ 2 y + xö
and P ç ÷ = 10% = (2) Þ log| y 2 + x 2 + xy| = 3 tan -1 ç ÷+C
è E2 ø 10 2 è 3x ø
æE ö Put x = 1and y = 0, we get
\Required probability = P ç 1 ÷
è Aø


æ 1 ö 3p Thus, R is transitive.
0 = 3 tan -1 ç ÷ + C ÞC = -
è 3ø 3 Hence, R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
So, the required particular solution is \ R is an equivalence relation.
log| y 2 + x 2 + xy| Elements related to 2 is { 2, 6, 10, …, 4n - 2 }
æ2y + x ö
3p and equivalence class of [3] = {3, 7, 11, …, 4n - 1}.
= 2 3 tan -1 ç ÷- (1)
è 3x ø 3 (2)
é -4 4 4 ù é 1 -1 1 ù 26. Let x, x and y be the edge of cuboid andV be is volume.
24. Let B = ê -7 1 3 ú and A = ê 1 -2 -2 ú
ê ú ê ú \ Volume of cuboid = x 2 y
ë 5 -3 -1û ë2 1 3û
Þ V = x2 y ...(i)
é -4 4 4 ù é 1 -1 1 ù
\ BA = ê -7 1 3 ú ê 1 -2 -2 ú Let S be the surface area of cuboid
ê úê ú
ë 5 -3 -1û ë2 1 3û \ S = 2( x 2 + xy + xy )
é8 0 0ù S = 2( x 2 + 2 xy )
Þ BA = ê 0 8 0ú = 8I (2) On putting the value of y from Eq. (i), we get
ê ú
ë0 0 8û æ V ö
S = 2 ç x2 + 2 x 2 ÷
Þ BA = 8I Þ B = 8 A-1 è x ø
b
é -4 4 4 ù æ 2V ö
1 1 Þ S = 2 ç x2 + ÷ (2)
\ A- 1 = B = ê -7 1 3 ú è x ø
ita
(1)
8 8ê ú
ë 5 -3 -1û On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
Given system of equation can be written is matrix dS æ 2xö
= 2 ç2 x - 2 ÷
forms as AX = C è x ø
yK
dx
X = A-1C dS
For maxima or minima, put =0
é -4 4 4 ù é 4ù dx
1ê é 1 ù
\ X= -7 1 3 ú ê 9ú -1
êëQ A = 8 Búû (1) æ 2v ö
yM
8ê úê ú Þ 2 ç2 x - 2 ÷ = 0, x 3 = V (2)
ë 5 -3 -1û ë 1û è x ø
é xù é 24 ù é 3 ù Again differentiating
dS
w.r.t. x, we get
Þ ê y ú = 1 ê -16ú = ê -2 ú dx
ê ú 8ê ú ê ú
ë zû ë -8 û ë -1û d 2S æ 4V ö
op
= 2 ç1 + 3 ÷ > 0
dx 2 è x ø
Hence, x = 3, y = - 2, z = - 1. (2)
\Surface area is minimum when x = (V )1/ 3
25. We have a relation R defined as R = {(a, b):|a - b| is
V = x2 y
C
divisible by 4}
Þ x3 = x2 y Þ x = y
Reflexive For any a Î A. We have,|a - a| = 0 which is
divisible by 4. Hence, cuboid has all edges are equal.
Þ (a, a) Î R " a Î A (1) \Surface area of closed cuboid of square base is
minimum when it is cube. (2)
Thus, R is reflexive
Or
Symmetric Let a, b Î A such that (a, b) Î R Let the side of rectangular piece to be cut x m and
Þ |a - b| is divisible by 4 length of box, l = 24 - 2 x
Þ |a - b| = 4l for some l Î N breadth of box, b = 9 - 2 x
Þ |b - a| = 4l for some l Î N [Q|a - b| = |b - a|] height of box, h = x
Þ (b, a) Î R Volume of box, V = lbh
Thus, R is symmetric. (2) \ V = (24 - 2 x )(9 - 2 x ) x
Transitive Let a, b, c Î A such that (a, b) Î R, (b, c ) Î R V = 216 x - 66 x 2 + 4 x 3 (1)
Þ|a - b| is divisible by 4 and|b - c| is divisible by 4
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
Þ|a - b| = 4l and|b - c| = 4m for some l, m Î N
dV
Þ|(a - b) + (b - c )| = |a - c| = 216 - 132 x + 12 x 2 (1)
dx
= |±4l ± 4m| = 4 [some positive number] dV
For maxima or minima put =0
Þ|a - c| is divisible by 4 (1) dx
Þ (a, c ) Î R Þ 216 - 132 x + 12 x 2 = 0

Þ x 2 - 11x + 18 = 0 Or
Þ ( x - 9)( x - 2 ) = 0 Given curves are y = 5 - x 2 ...(i)
x = 9 and x = 2 (1)
and y = | x - 1| ...(ii)
But x = 9 is not possible. Curve (i) represent the part of the circle x 2 + y 2 = 5
\ x =2
above X-axis.
dV
Again differentiating w.r.t. x, we get On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get the intersection
dx
point is (-1, 2 ) and (2, 1.) (1)
d 2V
= - 132 + 24 x (1) The graph of the given curve and line are
dx 2
é d 2V ù B(–1, 2)
D y=√5x
2
\ ê 2ú = -132 + 24(2 )
ë dx û x = 2
6
y=
x+
= - 132 + 48 = - 84 < 0 y=
x–
1 C(2, 1)
So, volume is maximum when x = 2 m.
\ Maximum volume = (24 - 4)(9 - 4)(2 ) A(1, 0)
= 20 ´ 5 ´ 2 = 200 m 3 (2)
b
27. Given equation of parabola is 4 y = 3 x 2 and the given
(1)
line is 2 y = 3 x + 12.
ita
\Required area of region ABDCA
Now, point of intersection the given parabola and line 2
is =ò [ y(circle ) - y(line )]dx
-1
2(3 x + 12 ) = 3 x 2 2
yK
=ò ( 5 - x 2 - | x - 1|) dx
Þ 3 x 2 - 6 x - 24 = 0 -1
2 2
Þ x2 - 2 x - 8 = 0 =ò 5 - x 2 dx - ò | x - 1|dx (1)
-1 -1
yM
Þ ( x - 4)( x + 2 ) = 0 2 1 2
=ò 5 - x 2 dx + ò-1 ( x - 1) dx - ò1 ( x - 1)dx
Þ x = 4, - 2 -1
2
When x = 4, y = 12 and x = - 2, then y = 3 (2) éx 5 x ù
=ê 5 - x 2 + sin -1
Hence, point of intersection are A(-4, 12 ) and B(-2, 3). ë2 2 5 úû -1
op
(1) 1 2
The graph of the given curved and line is é x2 ù é x2 ù
+ê - xú - ê - xú
Y ë 2 û -1 ë 2 û1
æ2 5 2 ö
C
A(4, 12) =ç 5 - 4 + sin -1 ÷

è2 2 5ø
C
æ -1 5 -1 ö
B -ç 5 - 1 + sin -1 ÷
è2 2 5ø
X′ X
(–2, 0) O (4, 0)
æ1 ö æ1 ö éæ 4 ö æ 1 öù
+ ç - 1÷ - ç + 1÷ - ê ç - 2 ÷ - ç - 1÷ ú
è2 ø è2 ø ëè2 ø è2 øû
Y′ (1) (1)
\Required area of region is AOBCA 5 2 5 -1 1 1 3 1
4 = 1 + sin -1 + 1+ sin - - -0 -
=ò [ y(line ) - y(parabola )] dx 2 5 2 5 2 2 2
-2 (1/2)
é æ 3 x + 12 ö æ 3 x 2 ö ù 5æ 2 1 ö 3
=ò
4 = çsin -1 + sin -1 ÷-
ê çè ÷-ç ÷ ú dx 2è 5 5ø 2
-2
êë 2 ø è 4 ø úû
4 5 é -1 æ 2 1 1 4öù 3
é 1 æ 3x 2 ö 3x 3 ù = êsin ç 1- + 1- ÷ú - (1)
=ê ç + 12 x ÷ - ú 2ë è 5 5 5 5øû 2
êë 2 è 2 ø 4 ´ 3 úû -2
5 é -1 æ 4 1 ö ù 3
é 3x 2 x3 ù
4 = sin ç + ÷ ú -
=ê + 6x - 2 êë è 5 5ø û 2
ú
ë 4 4 û -2 5 3 5 p 3
= sin -1(1) - = ´ -
= (12 + 24 - 16) - (3 - 12 + 2 ) 2 2 2 2 2
= 27 (1) æ 5p 3 ö
=ç - ÷ sq unit (1)
Hence, the required over is 27 sq units. (1/2) è 4 2ø


28. The equation of plane having intercepts of length a, b, Point of intersection of Eqs. (iv) and (iv), we get
and c with coordinate axes, x, y and z respectively is (i$ + 2 $j - k + l(i$ + 3 $j - 9k$ ))× (5i$ + 7 $j + k$ ) - 1 = 0 (1)
x y z Þ 5 + 14 - 1 + l(5 + 21 - 9) - 1 = 0
+ + = 1. (1)
a b c l = -1 (1)
Distance of a origin from a given plane is
On putting l = - 1in Eq. (v), we get
1 r
d = (1) r = (i$ + 2 $j - k$ ) - (i$ + 3 $j - 9k$ ) = - $j + 8k$
1 1 1
+ + \ Point of intersection is (0, - 1, 8). (1)
a2 b2 c 2
1 1 1 1 29. Let the number jute bags be x and the number of cloth
Þ + + =
a2 b2 c 2 d 2 bags be y. Then, according to the question, the sum of
Here, given d = 3 p the number of jute bags and cloth bags is less than or
1 1 1 1 equal to 24.
\ + + = (1)
a2 b2 c 2 9 p2 \ x + y £ 24 (1)
Let coordinate of centroid of the given plane is Total time per day is less than or equal to 6
a, b, g y
\ x+ £6
9 2
\ a= Þ a = 3a
b
3 Þ 2 x + y £ 12 (1)
b
Þ b = Þ b = 3b
ita
(1) So objective function is
3
Maximize Z = 30 x + 20 y
c
Þ g = Þ c = 3g subject to constraints
3
yK
1 1 1 1 x + y £ 24
\ + + =
(3a )2 (3b )2 (3g )2 9 p2 2 x + y £ 12
1 1 1 1 x, y ³ 0
Þ + 2 + 2 = 2 (1)
yM
a 2
b g p The graph of the inequalities is
\Locus of the centroid of plane is

1 1 1 1 (0, 12)
2
+ 2 + 2 = 2. (1)
x y z p
op
(0, 12) x+y=24

Or D
Let the equation of plane passing through the point
(4, - 3, 2 ) be O A(6, 0) B (24, 0)
C
2x
a( x - 4) + b( y + 3) + c ( z - 2 ) = 0 ...(i)
+
y=
1
Since, this plane is perpendicular to the planes

x - y + 2 z - 3 = 0 and 2 x - y - 3 z = 0.
\ a - b + 2c = 0 ...(ii)
2 a - b - 3c = 0 ...(iii) (2)
From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get (1) We get feasible region OADO whose corner points
a b c O(0, 0 ), A(6, 0 )B(0, 12 ).
= =
3 + 2 4 + 3 -1 + 2 The value of Z at the corner points is
a b c Z = 30 x + 20 y
Þ = = = l (say) Corner point
5 7 1
O(0, 0 ) 0
Þ a = 5l, b = 7l, c = l (1)
A(6, 0 ) 180
On putting these value in Eq. (i) , we get
B(0, 12 ) 240
5l( x - 4) + 7 l( y + 3) + l( z - 2 ) = 0
Þ 5 x - 20 + 7 y + 21 + z - 2 = 0 (1)
Maximum value of Z is 240 at B(0,12 ).
Þ 5x + 7 y + z - 1 = 0
r $ Number of jute bags produced is 0 and number of
Þ r × (5i + 7 $j + k$ ) - 1 = 0 ...(iv) (1) cloth bags produced is 12
and equation of the line No, because plastic bags are non-renewable
r
r = i$ + 2 $j - k$ + l(i$ + 3 $j - 9k$ ) (v) resources and contribute to climate change. (1)

SOLUTIONS
1. We have, cos -1[cos( - 680° )] = cos -1[cos 680° ] é 0+ 0 6+ 1 7 + 1 ù é 0 7 8ù
= ê- 6+ 1 0+0 8 + 2 ú = ê -5 0 10 ú
= cos -1[cos (720° - 40° )] ê ú ê ú
ë 7+1 -8 + 2 0 + 0 û ë 8 -6 0 û
= cos -1 cos 40° (1/2) é 0 7 8ù é 2ù
2p \ ( A + B)C = ê -5 0 10 ú ê -2 ú
= 40° = (1/2) ê úê ú
9 ë 8 -6 0û ë 3û
Or é 0 - 14 + 24 ù é10 ù
æ 3p ö æ 2p ö = ê - 10 + 0 + 30 ú = ê20 ú
We have, sin -1 çsin ÷ = sin -1 sin ç p - ÷ (1/2) ê
+ 12
ú ê ú
+ 0 û ë 28û
(1)
è 5ø è 5ø ë 16
æ 2p ö Or
= sin -1 çsin ÷
è 5ø We have, 2 A + B + X = 0
2p Þ X = - (2 A + B) (1/2)
= (1/2)
5 é -1 2 ù é 3 -2 ù
Now, (2 A + B) = 2 ê +
2. Given,
x x
=
3 4 ë 3 4úû êë 1 5 úû
1 1 2
b
x é -2 4ù é 3 -2 ù
=ê +
On expanding, we get ë 6 8úû êë 1 5 úû
ita
x2 - x = 6 - 4 é -2 + 3 4 - 2 ù
=ê
ë 6 + 1 8 + 5úû
2
Þ x - x -2 = 0
Þ x2 - 2 x + x - 2 = 0 é1 2 ù
yK
=ê (1)
Þ ( x - 2 )( x + 1) = 0 ë7 13úû
If ( x - 2 ) = 0, then x = 2 and if (x+1)=0, then x = -1. \ X = - (2 A + B)
Hence, the values of x are -1 and 2. (1) é1 2 ù
= -ê
yM
ë7 13úû
3. We have, f ( x ) = 3 x + 2
é -1 -2 ù
\ f [f ( x )] = f (3 x + 2 ) = 3(3 x + 2 ) + 2 =ê (1/2)
ë -7 -13úû
= 9x + 6 + 2 = 9x + 8 (1)
é 1 + x 7ù
op
6. Let A = ê
4. Any line equally inclined to coordinate axes will have ë 3 - x 8úû
DC’s l, l and l, i.e.
Since, A is a singular matrix. (1/2)
l2 + l2 + l2 = 1 \| A| = 0
C
1 1+ x 7
Þ 3l 2 = 1 Þ l 2 = Þ =0
3 3- x 8
1
\ l=± Þ 8 + 8 x - 7(3 - x ) = 0 (1/2)
3
æ 1 1 1 ö æ 1 1 1 ö Þ 8 + 8 x - 21 + 7 x = 0
Hence, DC’s are ç , , ÷ or ç - ,- ,- ÷ . (1) 13
è 3 3 3ø è 3 3 3ø Þ 15 x = 13 Þ x = (1)
15
é 0 6 7ù é0 1 1ù é 2ù
5. Given, A = ê -6 0 8ú , B = ê 1 0 2 ú and C = ê -2 ú 7. Let u = cos 2 x and v = e sin x .
ê ú ê ú ê ú
ë 7 -8 0 û ë1 2 0û ë 3û du
Then , we need to find .
é 0 6 7ù é 2ù dv
\ AC = ê -6 0 8ú ê -2 ú du
ê úê ú
ë 7 -8 0 û ë 3û du dx
Clearly, = …(i) (1)
é 0 - 12 + 21 ù é 9 ù dv dv
= ê -12 + 0 + 24 ú = ê 12 ú dx
ê ú ê ú (1)
ë 14 + 16 + 0 û ë 30 û Here,
du
= 2cos x(- sin x ) and
dv
= e sin x .cos x
é 0 6 7 ù é 0 1 1ù dx dx
ê
Now, ( A + B) = -6 0 8 ú + ê1 0 2 ú Now, from Eq. (i), we get
ê ú ê ú
ë 7 -8 0 û êë1 2 0 úû du -2 sin x
= sin x = - 2 sin xe - sin x (1)
dv e


Or Or
Let u = ( x 2 + 1)2 and v = tan -1 x. 1
ò sin xdx = 4 ò (2 sin x ) dx
4 2 2
du
Then, we need to find . 1
dv = ò (1 - cos 2 x )2dx
æ du ö 4
ç ÷
du è dx ø 1
Clearly, = ...(i) = ò (1 + cos 2 2 x - 2 cos 2 x )dx
dv æ dv ö 4
ç ÷
è dx ø 1
= ò (2 + 2 cos 2 2 x - 4cos 2 x )dx (1)
du dv 1 8
Here, = 2 ( x 2 + 1)× 2 x and = (1)
dx dx 1 + x 2 1
= ò [2 + (1 + cos 4 x ) - 4cos 2 x ]dx
Now, from Eq. (i), we get 8
du 4 x( x 2 + 1) 3 1 1
= = 4 x( x 2 + 1)2 (1) = ò dx + ò cos 4 xdx - ò cos 2 xdx
dv æ 1 ö 8 8 2
ç ÷ 3 sin 4 x sin 2 x
è 1+ x 2 ø = x+ - + C. (1)
8 32 4
8. Let y = f ( x ) = x r r
11. Let a = 2 i$ - $j + k$ and b = i$ - 2 $j + k$,
Now, take x = 1and Dx = 0.01 r
r ar × b æ ® ®ö
b
a× b ÷
Then, projection vector of a on b = r × b$ = ç
We know that Dy = f ( x + Dx ) - f ( x ) r ®
b
|b|2 ç ®2÷
= ( x + Dx )1/ 2 - x1/ 2 = (101
. )1/ 2 - 1
ita
è| b| ø (1)
Þ . )1/ 2 = 1 + Dy
(101 æ 2 × 1 + (-1)(-2 ) + 1× 1ö $
(1) =ç ÷ (i - 2 $j + k$ )
Now, as dy is approximately equal to Dy, therefore è 12 + (-2 )2 + 12 ø
yK
æ 5ö 5 5 5
æ dy ö = ç ÷ (i$ - 2 $j + k$ ) = i$ - $j + k$ (1)
. )1/ 2 » 1 + dy = 1 + ç ÷ . Dx
(101 è 6ø 6 3 6
è dx ø
= 1+
1
. Dx
12. Given equation of line is
r
yM
2 x r = (i$ + $j ) + l (2 i$ + $j + 4 k$ )
1 r
= 1 + .(0.01) and the plane is r × (-2 i$ + k$ ) = 5
2
= 1 + 0.005 = 1005. Clearly DR’s of given line are 2, 1, 4
. )1/ 2 » 1005
Thus, (101 . and DR’s of normal to the plane are -2, 0, 1.
op
(1)
Now, as (2 ) (-2 ) + 1× 0 + 4 × 1 = 0, therefore normal is
9. Let y = tan -1(a + bx )
perpendicular to the given line. (1)
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get Thus, the line is parallel to the plane
C
dy 1 r
= .b r × (-2 i$ + k$ ) = 5 or - 2 x + z = 5
dx 1 + (a + bx )2
dy b Now, distance between the line and the plane
Þ =
dx 1 + (a + bx )2 (1) -2 × 1 + 0 - 5
=
dy (-2 )2 + (1)2
Since, = 1, when x = 0.
dx [distance is taken from (1, 1, 0)
b which lie on the given line]
\ 1= Þ 1 + a2 = b Hence proved. (1)
1 + a2 -7 7
= = . (1)
cos 2 x - cos 2a 5 5
10. Let I = ò dx
cos x - cos a
13. Let two parts of land x acre and (30 - x) acre be
(2 cos 2 x - 1) - (2 cos 2 a - 1) cultivated by organic and inorganic modes of
=ò dx
cos x - cos a cultivation, respectively.
(cos 2 x - cos 2 a ) We can represent the given information by three
=2 ò cos x - cos a dx (1) matrices A, B and C as
é11ù
(cos x - cos a )(cos x + cos a ) A = [ x 30 - x ], B = ê ú and C = [390 ] (1)
= 2ò dx ë14û
cos x - cos a
= 2 ò (cos x + cos a ) dx Now, above fact is represented in matrix system as
AB = C.
= 2(sin x + x cos a ) + C (1)

é11ù Þ
1
= C x2 Þ t ×C x2 = 1
\ [ x 30 - x ] ê ú = [390 ] (1)
ë14û t
Þ [11x + 14(30 - x )] = [390 ] Þ v cos v × x 2 × C = 1 [put t = v cos v]
Þ [-3 x + 420 ] = [390 ] y æ yö é yù
Þ cos ç ÷ × x 2 × C = 1 ê put v = ú
x è x ø ë xû
Þ -3 x + 420 = 390
Þ 3 x = 30 Þ x = 10 (1) æ yö
Þ xy cos ç ÷ × C = 1 ...(ii) (1½)
Hence, land cultivated by organic mode of cultivation is è xø
10 acre and land cultivated by inorganic mode of Given, y = p, when x = 3
cultivation is (30 - 10 ), i.e. 20 acre. (1) æpö
Then, 3p cos ç ÷ × C = 1
è 3ø
14. Given differential equation is
1 2
æ yö æ yö Þ 3p × × C = 1 Þ C =
( xdy - ydx )× y sin ç ÷ = ( ydx + xdy )× x cos ç ÷ 2 3p (1/2)
è xø è xø
On putting the value of C in Eq. (ii), we get
æ yö æ yö
Þ xy sin ç ÷ dy - y 2 sin ç ÷ dx æ yö 2 æ yö
è xø è xø xy cos ç ÷ × = 1 or 2 x y cos ç ÷ = 3p
è x ø 3p è xø
æ yö æ yö
= xy cos ç ÷ dx + x 2 cos ç ÷ dy which is the required solution. (1/2)
è xø è xø
15. Given function is f : N ® N such that
ì æ yö æ y öü
b
2
Þ í xy sin çè ÷ø - x cos çè ÷øý dy x + 1, if x is odd
î x x þ f ( x ) = ìí
î x - 1, if x is even
ita
ì æ yö æ y öü
= í xy cos ç ÷ + y 2 sin ç ÷ý dx For one-one From the given function, we observe that
î è xø è x øþ
Case I When x is odd
æ yö æ yö Let f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )
xy cos ç ÷ + y 2 sin ç ÷
yK
dy è xø è xø
Þ = ...(i) Þ x1 + 1 = x2 + 1 Þ x1 = x2
dx æ yö æ yö
xy sin ç ÷ - x 2 cos ç ÷ Q f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 ) Þ x1 = x2 , "
è xø è xø
x1, x2 Î N
yM
dy dv
Let y = vx Þ =v+ x So, f ( x ) is one-one. (1)
dx dx
Case II When x is even
On putting these values in Eq. (i), we get
Let f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )
dv x 2 v cos v + x 2 v 2 sin v
v+ x = 2 Þ x1 - 1 = x2 - 1 Þ x1 = x2
op
dx x v sin v - x 2 cos v
Q f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 ) Þ x1 = x2 , " x1, x2 Î N
dv v cos v + v 2 sin v So, f ( x ) is one-one.
Þ v+ x =
dx v sin v - cos v From cases I and II, we observe that
C
dv v cos v + v 2 sin v f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )
Þ x = -v
dx v sin v - cos v Þ x1 = x2 , " x1, x2 Î N
dv v cos v + v 2 sin v - v 2 sin v + v cos v Hence, f ( x ) is one-one function. (1)
x =
dx v sin v - cos v For onto To show f ( x ) is onto, we show that its range
dv 2 v cos v and codomain are same.
Þ x =
dx v sin v - cos v (1½) From the definition of given function, we observe that
v sin v - cos vdv 2 f(1) = 1 + 1 = 2, f(2 ) = 2 - 1 = 1
Þ = dx
v cos v x f(3) = 3 + 1 = 4, f (4) = 4 - 1 = 3 and so on (1)
On integrating both sides, we get So, we get the set of natural numbers as the set of
æ v sin v - cos v ö dx values of f ( x ).
ò çè v cos v ÷ø dv = 2 ò x \ Range of f ( x ) = N
Now, put v cos v = t Also given that, codomain = N
Þ ( - v sin v + cos v ) dv = dt [Q f : N (domain) ® N (codomain)]
Þ (v sin v - cos v ) dv = - dt Q Range = Codomain
1 dx Hence, f ( x ) is an onto function. (1)
Þ - ò dt = 2 × ò
t x Or
Þ - log|t| = 2 log| x | + log|C| For the given relation R on A, we have
Þ log|t|-1 = log|Cx 2| R = {(1, 1,) (1, 3), (1, 5), (2, 2 ), (2, 4), (3, 1,) (3, 3), (3, 5), (4, 2 ),
(4, 4), (5, 1,) (5, 3), (5, 5)}


For an equivalence relation, it must be reflexive, æ 3ö
ç ÷
symmetric and transitive. æ ö
E P( E Ç F ) è 11ø 3
\ Required probability, P ç ÷ = = =
Reflexive Given that, A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} èFø P(F ) æ 5ö 5
ç ÷
and R = {(a, b) :|a - b|is even} è 11ø
Here, (a, a) Î R as|a - a|= 0 is even for a Î A. Hence, the probability that both the selected numbers
3
So, it is reflexive. (1) are odd is .
5 (1)
Symmetric Let (a, b) Î R, i.e.|a - b| is even
Þ |b - a| is also even Þ (b, a) Î R Or
Let A be the event that the machine produces 2
So, it is symmetric. (1)
acceptable items. Also, let B1 represent the event of
Transitive If (a, b) Î R, i.e.|a - b| is even correct setup and B2 represent the event of incorrect
Þ a - b = ± 2 m, m ÎN setup. (1)
and (b, c ) Î R i.e.|b - c| is even Now, P(B1 ) = 0.8, P(B2 ) = 0 .2, P( A / B1 ) = 0.9 ´ 0.9
Þ b - c = ± 2 n, n Î N and P( A / B2 ) = 0.4 ´ 0.4 (1)
Then, a - c = ( a - b) + ( b - c ) \ Required probability,
= ± 2 m + ± 2 n = ± 2 (m + n ) æB ö P(B1 )× P( A / B 1)
Pç 1 ÷ =
\ |a - c|= 2(m + n ) è A ø P(B1 )× P( A / B1) + P(B2 )× P( A / B2 ) (1)
b
Thus,|a - c| is even. 0.8 ´ 0.9 ´ 0.9 648
= = = 0.95
Hence, (a, c ) Î R 0.8 ´ 0.9 ´ 0.9 + 0.2 ´ 0.4 ´ 0.4 680 (1)
ita
So, it is transitive. (1) Hence, the probability that the machine is correctly set
Hence, it is an equivalence relation. up is 0.95.
In set R all the elements corresponding to {1, 3, 5}, i.e. 17.
yK
Given equation is
(1, 3), (3, 1,) (1, 5), (5, 1,) (3, 5), (5, 3) are related to each x
other because difference of these elements are even. (ax + b) e y / x = x Þ e y / x =
ax + b
Again, all elements corresponding to {2, 4} are related On taking log both sides, we get
yM
to each other.
æ x ö
But no element of {1, 3, 5} is related to elements of log e e y / x = log e ç ÷
è ax + b ø
{2, 4} because the difference of elements of the two
y
sets are not even. (1) Þ = log e x - log e (ax + b) ...(i)
x
op
(1)
16. Let E = Event of selecting both numbers are odd
On differentiating both sides of Eq. (i) w.r.t. x, we get
and F = Event that sum of chosen numbers are even. dy
Here, from 1 to 11, 5 even and 6 odd integers. x -y
dx 1 1
= - á
æ 6 ´ 5ö
C
2
ç ÷ x x ( ax + b)
6
C2 è 2 ´ 1ø 6´ 5 3 dy
\ P(E ) = 11 = = = x -y
C2 æ 11 ´ 10 ö 11 ´ 10 11 dx ax + b - ax
ç ÷ Þ =
è 2 ´1 ø (1) x 2
x(ax + b)
and P(F ) = P (both numbers are odd) dy bx
Þ x -y= ...(ii)
+ P (both numbers are even) dx ax + b (1)
æ 6 ´ 5ö æ 5 ´ 4ö Again, on differentiating both sides of Eq. (ii) w.r.t. x,
6 5 ç ÷ ç ÷
C2 C2 è 2 ´ 1ø è 2 ´ 1ø we get
= 11 + 11 = +
C2 C2 æ 11 ´ 10 ö æ 11 ´ 10 ö d d
ç ÷ ç ÷ (a x + b) (bx ) - bx (a x + b)
è 2 ´1 ø è 2 ´1 ø d 2 y dy dy dx dx
x 2 + - =
30 20 50 5 dx dx dx (ax + b)2
= + = =
110 110 110 11 (1) d 2 y (a x + b)b - b x(a)
Þ x =
æ 6 ´ 5ö dx 2 (a x + b)2 (1)
6 ç ÷
C è 2 ´ 1ø
and P(E Ç F ) = 11 2 = d 2y b2 d 2y (bx )2
C2 æ 11 ´ 10 ö Þ x 2 = 2
Þ x3 2 =
ç ÷ dx (ax + b) dx (a x + b)2
è 2 ´1 ø
6´ 5 3 (1) [multiplying both sides by x 2 ]
= = 2
11 ´ 10 11 d 2 y æ dy ö
Þ x3 = ç x - y÷ [from Eq. (ii)] (1)
dx 2 è dx ø
Hence proved.


Or sin ( x - a )
19. Let I = ò dx
æp xö sin ( x + a )
Given, y = log tan ç + ÷
è 4 2ø Put x + a = t Þ x = t - a or dx = dt (1)
dy 1 d é æ p x öù sin (t - 2a )
Þ = × tan ç + ÷ ú \ I=ò dt
dx æ p x ö dx êë è 4 2 øû sin t
tan ç + ÷
è 4 2ø
sin t cos 2 a - cos t sin 2 a
=ò dt
æp xö æp xö 1 sin t
= cot ç + ÷ × sec 2 ç + ÷ ×
è 4 2ø è 4 2ø 2 (1½) [Q sin ( x - y ) = sin x cos y - cos x sin y ] (1)
æp xö æ sin t cos 2 a cos t sin 2 a ö
cos ç + ÷
è 4 2ø 1 1 =òç - ÷ dt
= × è sin t sin t ø
æp xö 2 2æ p xö
sin ç + ÷ cos ç + ÷
è 4 2ø è 4 2ø = ò cos 2 a dt - ò cot t sin 2 a dt
(1)
1
= = cos 2 a ò dt - sin 2 a ò cot t dt
æp xö æp xö
2 sin ç + ÷ × cos ç + ÷
è 4 2ø è 4 2ø (1) = t cos 2 a - sin 2 a × log|sin t|+ C
1
= [Q sin 2 A = 2 sin A × cos B] [Q ò cot x dx = log|sin x| + C]
æp xö
b
sin 2 ç + ÷
è 4 2ø = ( x + a ) cos 2 a - sin 2 a × log|sin ( x + a )| + C
ita
1 1 [ put t = x + a] (1)
= = = sec x
æ p ö cos x a b-c c + b
sin ç + x ÷
è2 ø (1) 20. Let D = a + c b c-a
a-b b+ a c
yK
dy
Þ - sec x = 0
dx (1/2) On applying C1 ® aC1; C2 ® bC2 and C3 ® cC3 ,
æ 8ö æ 3ö æ 36 ö we get
18. To prove, sin -1 ç ÷ + sin -1 ç ÷ = cos -1 ç ÷
è 17 ø è 5ø è 85 ø
yM
a2 b2 - bc c 2 + bc
æ 8ö 1 2
Let sin -1 ç ÷ = x ...(i) D= a + ac b2 c 2 - ac (1)
è 17 ø abc 2 2
a - ab b + ab c2
æ 3ö
and sin -1 ç ÷ = y ...(ii) On applying C1 ® C1 + C2 + C3 , we get
op
è 5ø
a2 + b2 + c 2 b2 - bc c 2 + bc
8 3 1 2
\ sin x = and sin y = D= a + b2 + c 2 b2 c 2 - ac (1)
17 5 (1) abc 2
a + b2 + c 2 2
b + ab c2
C
64 225
Q cos 2 x = 1 - sin 2 x = 1 - =
289 289 On taking common a2 + b2 + c 2 from C1, we get
15 1 b2 - bc c 2 + bc
Þ cos x = a2 + b2 + c 2
17 (1) D= 1 b2 c 2 - ac (1)
9 16 abc 2
2 2
and cos y = 1 - sin y = 1 - = 1 b + ab c2
25 25
4 On applying R2 ® R2 - R1 and R3 ® R3 - R1, we get
Þ cos y =
5 (1) 1 b2 - bc c 2 + bc
We know that, cos( x + y ) = cos x cos y - sin x sin y a2 + b2 + c 2
D= 0 bc - ac - bc (1)
æ 15 4 ö æ 8 3 ö abc
\ cos( x + y ) = ç ´ ÷-ç ´ ÷ 0 ab + bc - bc
è 17 5 ø è 17 5 ø
On expanding along C1, we get
60 24 36
Þ cos( x + y ) = - =
85 85 85 a2 + b2 + c 2
D= [- b2c 2 + (ac + bc )(ab + bc )]
æ 36 ö abc
Þ x + y = cos -1 ç ÷
è 85 ø a2 + b2 + c 2
=
æ 8ö æ3ö æ 36 ö abc
Þ sin -1 ç ÷ + sin -1 ç ÷ = cos -1 ç ÷
è 17 ø è5ø è 85 ø [- b2c 2 + a2 bc + abc 2 + ab2c + b2c 2 ]
[from Eqs. (i) and (ii )]
= (a + b + c ) (a2 + b2 + c 2 ) Hence proved. (1)
Hence proved. (1)


21. Given family of curves is ( x - a)2 + 2 y 2 = a2 Or
p/ 2 cos x
Þ 2 2
x - 2 ax + a + 2 y = a 2 2
Let I=ò 3
dx
0
æ x xö
Þ 2
x - 2 ax + 2 y = 0 2
...(i) (1) çcos + sin ÷
è 2 2ø
p/ 2 cos 2 x / 2 - sin 2 x / 2
2 x - 2 a + 4 y y ¢= 0 =ò 3
dx
0
æ x xö
Þ a = x + 2 y y¢ (1) çcos + sin ÷
è 2 2ø
On substituting the value of a in Eq. (i), we get
p/ 2 cos x / 2 - sin x / 2
x2 - 2 x( x + 2 y y ¢ ) + 2 y2 = 0 =ò dx (1½)
0 (cos x / 2 + sin x / 2 )2
2 2 2
Þ x - 2 x - 4x y y ¢ + 2 y = 0 x x
Let cos + sin = t
Þ 4 x y y ¢+ x 2 - 2 y 2 = 0 (2) 2 2
0 æ x 1 x 1ö
22. Consider, ò | x cos p x |dx Þ ç - sin × + cos × ÷ dx = dt
-1 è 2 2 2 2ø
Now, cos p x = 0 æ x xö
p 1 Þ çcos - sin ÷ dx = dt (1)
Þ px=-Þ x=- è 2 2ø
2 2
p
1 When x = 0 Þ t = 1and when x = Þt = 2
b
For - 1 < x < - ,x < 0 and cos p x < 0 2
2
2
ita
Þ x cos p x > 0 (1/2) 2 2 dt é 2 ù
1 \ I=ò = ê- ú
For - < x < 0 , x < 0 and cos p x > 0 1 t2 ë t û1
2
é 1 ù
= -2 ê -1
Þ x cos p x < 0 (1/2) ë 2 úû
yK
sin p x sin p x =2- 2
Consider, ò x cos p x dx = x × - ò 1× dx (1½)
p p
x 1 23. Let A (h, k ) be any point on the curve x 2 = 4 y and
= sin p x + 2 cos p x
yM
p p B(- 1, 2 ) be the given point.

0 -1/ 2 \ Distance between A and B,
\ ò-1| x cos p x|dx = ò-1 x cos p xd x
Ab = (h + 1)2 + (k - 2 )2 …(i) (1/2)
0
ò-1/ 2 (- x cos p x )dx
op
+ (1) Since, the point A(h, k ) lies on the curve.

-1/ 2 h2
éx 1 ù \ h 2 = 4k Þ k = …(ii)
= ê sin p x + 2 cos p xú 4
ë p p û -1
æ h2 ö
C
éx 1 ù
0 \ AB = (h + 1)2 + ç - 2÷
+ ê sin p x + 2 cos p x ú è 4 ø
ë p p û -1/ 2 (1)
æ h2 ö
é 1 æ pö 1 æ p öù Þ AB 2 = (h + 1)2 + ç - 2÷
= ê - sin ç - ÷ + 2 cos ç - ÷ ú è 4 ø
ë 2p è 2 ø p è 2 øû
Let AB 2 = f (h ), then AB is maximum or minimum
é 1 1 ù
- ê - sin(- p ) + 2 cos(- p )ú accordingly as f (h )is maximum or minimum. (1)
ë p p û
2
é 1 ù æ h2 ö
+ ê 0 sin 0 + 2 cos 0 ú Consider f (h ) = (h + 1)2 + ç - 2÷
ë p û è 4 ø
é 1 æ pö 1 æ p öù æ h2 ö 2h
- ê - sin ç - ÷ + 2 cos ç - ÷ ú Þ f ¢(h ) = 2(h + 1) + 2 ç - 2 ÷.
ë 2p è 2 ø p è 2 øû è 4 ø 4
é 1 ù é 1 ù æ h2 ö
= ê- ´ (- 1) + 0 ú - ê 0 + 2 ´ (- 1)ú = 2h + 2 + hç - 2÷
ë 2p û ë p û è 4 ø
é 1 ù é 1 ù h3 h3
+ ê 0 + 2 ´ 1ú - ê - ´ (- 1) + 0 ú = 2h + 2 + - 2h = +2
ë p û ë 2p û 4 4 (1/2)
1 1 1 1 2 h3
= + + - = (1) Put f ¢( h ) = 0 Þ = -2
2p p 2 p 2 2p p 2 4
Þ h 3 = - 8 = (-2 )3 Þ h = - 2 (1)

3h 2 Or
Now, f ¢¢(h ) = Þ f ¢¢(-2 ) = 3 > 0
4 Let the sides of an isosceles triangle be x, x and
\ f (h ) is minimum when h = - 2 (18 - 2 x) inch, respectively.
A
From Eq. (i), we get k = 1
Thus, the required point is (-2,1.) (1/2)
ch
x in
x in
With the help of the concept of this problem, soldiers
ch
will be able to know the minimum distance between
enemy and jet and thus he can plan for attack. (1/2) B C
(18 – 2 x) inch
24. Let distance of the base AB of the cone from centre O of
Obviously, x > 0, 18 - 2 x > 0 Þ 0 < x < 9 ...(i)
the sphere of radius a be x.
P
Also, sum of two sides > third side (1)
Þ x + x > 18 - 2 x
Þ 4 x > 18
a
O 18 9 9
a a \ x> Þ x> Þ <x ...(ii) (1)
x 4 2 2
9
A B From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get < x < 9
M 2
(1)
b
By Heron’s formula,
Then, height of the cone, PM = h = a + x
Area of a triangle, A = s(s - a) (s - b) (s - c )
and radius of the base, AM = r = a2 - x 2
ita
\ A = 9(9 - x ) (9 - x ) { 9 - (18 - 2 x )}
\ Volume of the cone,
é a + b + c 18 ù
1
V = p (a2 - x 2 )(a + x )
é 1 2 ù êëQ s = = = 9ú
êëQV = 3 pr h úû (1) 2 2 û
yK
3
æ9 ö
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get Þ A = 3(9 - x ) 2 x - 9, x Îç , 9÷ ...(iii) (1)
è2 ø
dV p 2 p
= (a - x 2 ) + (- 2 x )(a + x ) On differentiating both sides of Eq. (iii) w.r.t. x, we get
dx 3 3
yM
p p dA é 1 ù
= (a + x )(a - x - 2 x ) = (a + x )(a - 3 x ) = 3 ê (9 - x ) × (2 ) + 2 x - 9 (-1)ú
3 3 (1) dx ë 2 2 x - 9 û
dV é (9 - x ) - (2 x - 9)ù 3(18 - 3 x ) 9(6 - x )
For maximum or minimum value, put =0
= 3ê ú= =
op
dx
ë 2x - 9 û 2x - 9 2x - 9
p
Þ (a + x ) (a - 3 x ) = 0 (1)
3 dA
Put =0
a dx
Þ x = - a, x =
C
3 9 (6 - x ) æ9 ö
Þ = 0 Þ x = 6 Î ç , 9÷
But x ¹ -a [Qdistance cannot be negative] 2x - 9 è2 ø
a 1
\ x= 9 2 x - 9 (- 1) - 9(6 - x ) (2 x - 9)-1/ 2 × 2
3 d 2A 2
Now, =
dV p 2 dx 2 (2 x - 9) (1)
Now, = (a - 2 ax - 3 x 2 ) (1)
é - (2 x - 9) - (6 - x )ù
dx 3 9 (3 - x )
= 9ê ú=
Again, on differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get ë (2 x - 9)3 / 2 û (2 x - 9)
3/ 2
d 2V p d 2A 9(3 - 6) - 27
= (0 - 2 a - 6 x ) At x = 6, 2
= 3/ 2
= 3/ 2 < 0
dx 2 3 dx (12 - 9) (3)
é
a d V2 ù
pæ aö So, A is maximum for x = 6.
At x = , ê 2 ú = ç -2 a - 6 ´ ÷
3 ë dx û x = a / 3 3 è 3ø From Eq. (iii),
Required area, A = 3(9 - 6) 2 ´ 6 - 9
p - 4p a
=
(- 2 a - 2 a) = = 9 3 sq inch (1)
3 3 (1)
d 2V a 25. Given, probability that the drunkard man takes a step
i.e. < 0 for x =
dx 2 3 forward = 0.4 and probability that the man takes a step
a backward = 0.6.
So, V is maximum at x = .
3 Let E1 = The event that out of 11 steps, the man takes
a 4a
\ Required height of the cone = a + x = a + = (1) exactly 6 steps forward and 5 steps backward.
3 3
E2 = The event that out of 11 steps, the man takes


5 steps forward and 6 steps backward. So, the coordinate of point Q is (1, - 2, 7 ). (1½)
E = The event that at the end of 11 steps, the man is \ Distance between the points P and Q
one step away from the starting point. = ( x2 - x1 ) 2 + ( y2 - y1 ) 2 + ( z2 - z1 ) 2
\ P(E1 ) = 11C6 (0 . 4)6 (0 . 6)5 (1/2)
= (3 - 1) 2 + (4 + 2 ) 2 + (4 - 7 ) 2
P(E2 ) = 11C5 (0 . 4)5 (0 . 6)6 (1/2)
= 4 + 36 + 9 = 7 units (1)
Q P(E ) = P(E1 È E2 ) (1)
Or
= P(E1 ) + P(E2 )
Equation of a plane passing through the intersection of
[E1 and E2 are mutually exclusive] planes
Þ P(E ) = 11C6 (0 . 4)6 (0 . 6)5 + 11C5 (0 . 4)5 (0 . 6)6 (1) 2 x + 3 y - z + 1 = 0 and x + y - 2 z + 3 = 0 is
= 11C5 (0 .4)5 (0 . 6)5 [0 . 4 + 0.6] [Q 11C6 = 11C5 ] ( 2 x + 3 y - z + 1) + l ( x + y - 2 z + 3) = 0
[QP + lP ¢ = 0]
= 11C5 (0 . 24)5 (1)
Þ ( 2 + l ) x + (3 + l ) y - (1 + 2 l ) z + 3l + 1 = 0 ...(i)
= 462 (0 . 24)5 (1) As Eq. (i) is perpendicular to the plane
Yes, addiction of wine or smoking is definitely harmful
3 x - y - 2 z - 4 = 0.
for a person and its family. (1)
\ 3 (2 + l ) - 1 (3 + l ) + 2(1 + 2 l ) = 0 (1½)
26. Given points are A (3, - 4, - 5) , B(2, - 3, 1) and the equation
[Q a1 a2 + b1 b2 + c 1 c 2 = 0]
b
of a plane is 2 x + y + z = 7.
Þ 6 + 3l - 3 - l + 2 + 4l = 0
Let the line joining the points A and B intersect the given
ita
5
plane at point Q( p, q, r). Þ 6l + 5 = 0 Þ l = -
6
A (3, –4, –5)
On putting the value of l in Eq. (i), we get
P
æ 5ö æ 5ö æ 10 ö 15
yK
(3,4,4)
ç2 - ÷ x + ç 3 - ÷ y - ç1 - ÷ z - + 1 = 0
è 6ø è 6ø è 6ø 6
7 13 4 9
(p, q, r) Q Þ x+ y + z- =0 (1½)
6 6 6 6
yM
Þ 7 x + 13 y + 4 z - 9 = 0 ...(ii)
2x + y + z = 7
which is the required equation of the plane.
B (2, –3, 1) The DR’s of normal to plane (ii) are (7, 13, 4) and DR’s
of normal to XZ-plane are (0, 1, 0 ).
Now, the equation of the line AB is
op
x-3 y+4 z+5 If q is the angle between the planes, then (1)
Þ = = a1a2 + b1b2 + c1 c 2
2 - 3 -3 + 4 1 + 5 cos q =
x-3 y+ 4 z+ 5 a1 + b12 + c12 a22 + b22 + c 22
2
Þ = = ...(i) (1)
C
-1 1 6 7 ´ 0 + 13 ´ 1 + 4 ´ 0
Þ cos q = (1)
Since, point Q(p, q, r) lies on Eq. (i), so the coordinates 7 + 132 + 42 0 2 + 1 2 + 0 2
2
of Q must satisfied the equation of line AB.
p-3 q + 4 r + 5 13 13
\ = = = l (say) Þ cos q = =
-1 1 6 49 + 169 + 16 234
p-3 æ 13 ö
Þ = l Þ p = - l + 3, \ q = cos -1 ç ÷
-1 è 234 ø
q+4
= l Þq= l-4 Hence, required equation of plane is
1
r+5 7 x + 13 y + 4 z - 9 = 0 and the angle between required
and = l Þ r = 6l - 5
6 (1) æ 13 ö
plane and X Z-plane is cos -1 ç ÷. (1)
Also, point Q lies on plane 2 x + y + z = 7. è 234 ø
\ 2p + q + r = 7 27. Given curves are x 2 + y 2 £ 1 and 2 x + 2 y ³ 1.
On putting the values of p, q and r, we get On considering as equations, we get
2 (- l + 3) + (l - 4) + (6l - 5) = 7 x2 + y2 = 1 ...(i)
Þ -2 l + 6 + l - 4 + 6l - 5 = 7 and 2x + 2y = 1 ...(ii)
Þ 5l = 10 Þ l = 2 (1½) Here, Eq. (i) is a circle with centre (0, 0) and radius 1 and
Now, p = - l + 3 = -2 + 3 = 1, Eq. (ii) is a line through L(0, 1/ 2 ) and C(1/ 2, 0 ).
q = l - 4 = 2 - 4 = -2 æ1 ö
From Eq. (ii), we get y = ç - x ÷
and r = 6l - 5 = 6 ´ 2 - 5 = 7 è2 ø

On putting the value of y in Eq. (i), we get é1+ 7 1 æ1+ 7 ö2ù 1 pö

æ1 1ö æ
2 -ê - ç ÷ ú+ ç - ÷ - ç0 + × ÷
æ1 ö 1 êë 8 2è 4 ø ú è4 8ø è 2 2ø
x + ç - x÷ = 1 Þ x2 + + x2 - x = 1
2
û
è2 ø 4 (1)
3 é 2 ù
ê æç 1 + 7 ö÷ 1 - æç 1 + 7 ö÷
2 2
Þ 2 x - x - = 0 Þ 8x - 4x - 3 = 0 ú
4 êè 4 ø ú
è 4 ø 1 - 1æ 1 + 7 ö
- (- 4) ± (- 4)2 - 4(8)(- 3) +ê + sin ç ÷ú
\ x= ê 2 2 è 4 ø ú (1)
2 (8) ê ú
é - b ± b2 - 4 ac ù ëê úû
êQ x = ú p æ 1- 7 ö æ 1+ 7 - 2 7 ö 1 æ 1- 7 ö
êë 2a úû = -ç ÷ 1- ç ÷ - sin -1 ç ÷
4 è 8 ø è 16 ø 2 è 4 ø
4 ± 112 4 ± 4 7 1 ± 7
= = = 1 æ 1- 7 ö 1 æ 1 + 7 - 2 7 ö æ 1 + 7 ö
16 16 4 (1) - +ç ÷- ç ÷ -ç ÷
8 è 8 ø 2è 16 ø è 8 ø
On plotting the curves, we get the following shaded
region 1æ1+ 7 + 2 7 ö 1 p
Y + ç ÷+ -
x = 1+ √ 7 2è 16 ø 8 4
4
A x2 + y2 = 1 æ1+ 7 ö æ 1 + 7 + 2 7 ö 1 -1 æ 1 + 7 ö
√7
+ç ÷ 1- ç ÷ + sin ç ÷
x = 1– è 8 ø è 16 ø 2 è 4 ø
b
4
(0 ,
L
æ 1- 7 ö 8 + 2 7 æ 1- 7 ö æ 8 - 2 7 ö
1 /2
D (1, 0)
= -ç ÷ +ç ÷-ç ÷
ita
X′ X
)
B O C F è 8 ø 16 è 8 ø è 32 ø
(1/2,0) E
æ1+ 7 ö æ 8 + 2 7 ö æ1+ 7 ö 8 - 2 7
2x
+
-ç ÷+ç ÷+ç ÷
2y
yK
è 8 ø è 32 ø è 8 ø 16
=1
Y′ (1) 1 é -1 æ 1 + 7 ö æ1- 7 öù
\ Required area = (Area of region ABOCDFA) + êsin ç ÷ - sin -1 ç ÷ú
2ë è 4 ø è 4 øû
- (Area of region BCA)
yM
+ (Area of region DCE ) + (Area of region DFE ) - (1- 7 ) 8 + 2 7 ì æ 1 - 7 ö æ 4 ö 1 + 7 æ 4 ö ü

= +íç ÷ç ÷- ç ÷ý
î è 8 ø è 4ø 8 è 4ø þ
1+ 7
1 1/ 2 1 32
= ò1- 7 y dx - ò1- 7 ydx + ò 4 (- y ) dx + ò1 + 7 (- y ) dx
4 4
1/ 2
4 ì ü
ï æ 8 + 2 7 ö (1 + 7 ) 8 - 2 7 æ 8 - 2 7 ö ï
op
1 1/ 2 æ 1 ö +íç ÷+ -ç ÷ý
=ò 1- 7 1 - x 2 dx - ò 1- 7 ç - x ÷ dx (1) ï è 32 ø 32 è 32 ø ï
è2 ø î þ
4 4
1+ 7 1 é -1 æ 1 + 7 ö -1 æ 1 - 7 ö
ù
æ1 ö 1 + êsin ç ÷ - sin ç ÷ú
-ò ç - x ÷ dx - ò1 +
C
4
7 1 - x 2 dx 2ë è 4 ø è 4 øû
1/ 2 è2 ø
4
1
é x 1- x ù
1 1/ 2 = [{(1 + 7 ) 8 - 2 7 - (1 - 7 ) 8 + 2 7 }
1 2 é x x2 ù 32
=ê + sin -1 x ú -ê - ú
êë 2 2 úû 1 - 7 ë2 2 û1 - 7 + { 4 - 4 7 - 4 - 4 7} + 4 7 ]
4
4
1 é -1 æ 1 + 7 ö æ1- 7 öù
1+ 7 1 + êsin ç ÷ - sin -1 ç ÷ú
éx x 2ù 4 é x 1- x 1 2 ù 2ë è 4 ø è 4 øû
-ê - ú -ê + sin -1 x ú
ë2 2 û 1/ 2 êë 2 2 úû 1 + 1
7 = [(1 + 7 ) 8 - 2 7 - (1 - 7 ) 8 + 2 7 - 4 7 ]
4 32
æ 1 pö
= ç0 + × ÷ 1é æ1+ 7 ö æ 1- 7 ö ù
è 2 2ø + êsin -1 ç ÷ - sin -1 ç ÷ ú sq units (1)
é 2 ù 2ë è 4 ø è 4 øû
ê æç 1 - 7 ö÷ 1 - æç 1 - 7 ö÷ ú
êè 4 ø è 4 ø 1 - 1æ 1 - 7 ö
ú 28. Given information can be written in table form as
-ê + sin ç ÷ú
ê 2 2 è 4 øú Time required for producing
Total hours
ê ú Products one unit
available
êë úû A B
2ù Assembly 4 2 60
æ 1 1ö é 1 - 7 1 æ 1 - 7 ö ú
-ç - ÷+ê - ç ÷ Finishing 2 4 48
è 4 8ø ë 8 2è 4 ø ú
û Profit per unit `6 `8
(1)


Suppose x units of A and y units of B are produced every a a2 1 a a2 a3
week and F is the profit, then LPP is to Þ b b2 1 + b b2 b3 = 0 (1)
Maximise, F = 6 x + 8 y (1) d c2 1 d c2 c3
Subject to constraints are Now, taking common a from R1, b from R2 and c from
4 x + 2 y £ 60 or 2 x + y £ 30, R3 of second determinant, we get
2 x + 4 y £ 48 or x + 2 y £ 24 and x ³ 0, y ³ 0 a a2 1 1 a a2
Consider inequalities as equations, we get b b2 1 + abc 1 b b2 = 0 (1)
2 x + y = 30 ...(i) d c2 1 1 c c2
x + 2 y = 24 ...(ii) On interchanging C1 and C3 in first determinant, we get
and x ³ 0, y ³ 0 ...(iii) 1 a2 a 1 a a2
Firstly, draw the graph of the line 2 x + y = 30. 1 b b + abc 1 b b2 = 0
2
(1)
x 0 15 1 c2 c 1 c c2
y 30 0 Again on interchanging C2 and C3 in first determinant,
we get
On putting (0, 0 ) in the inequality 2 x + y £ 30, we get
1 a a2 1 a a2
2 (0 ) + 0 £ 30 Þ 0 £ 30, which is true. (1) 1 b b + abc 1 b b2 = 0
2
So, the half plane is towards the origin. 1 c c2 1 c c2
b
Secondly, draw the graph of the line x + 2 y = 24.
1 a a2
ita
x 0 24 Þ 1 b b2 (1 + abc ) = 0 (1)
y 12 0 1 c c2
On putting (0, 0 ) in the inequality x + 2 y £ 24, we get Since, the vectors (1, a, a2 ), (1, b, b2 ) and (1, c , c 2 ) are
yK
0 + 2 (0 ) £ 24 Þ 0 £ 24, which is true. (1) non-coplanar
So, the half plane is towards the origin. 1 a a2
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get B (12, 6), 1 b b2 ¹ 0 (1)
1 c c2
yM
Plot these points in pairs, join them to get the graph of

lines. Shaded portion in figure represents feasible Thus, 1 + abc = 0 Þ abc = - 1 (1)
region. The corner points are O(0, 0 ), A(15, 0 ), B(12, 6)
and C(0, 12 ). Or
We have, l+ m+ n =0 …(i)
op
Y
(0, 30) D 2x and l2 + m2 - n 2 = 0 …(ii) (1/2)
+
y=
30 From Eq. (i), we have
l = - (m + n ) …(iii)
C
(0,12) C
B(12, 6) On substituting l = - (m + n ) in Eq. (ii), we get
x+2
y=
24 (- (m + n ))2 + m2 - n 2 = 0
E(24, 0)
X Þ m2 + n 2 + 2 mn + m2 - n 2 = 0 (1/2)
O (15, 0) A
(1) Þ 2 m2 + 2 mn = 0
Corner points F = 6x + 8 y Þ m (m + n ) = 0
O(0, 0) F = 6(0) + 8(0) = 0 Þ m = 0 or m = - n (1½)
If m = 0, then l = - n
A(15, 0) F = 6(15) + 8(0) = 90
If m = - n, then l = 0
B (12, 6) F = 6(12 ) + 8(6) = 120
Thus, the direction ratios of two lines are proportional
C(0, 12 ) F = 6(0) + 8(12 ) = 96
to 1, 0, -1and 0, 1, -1 (1)
Hence, the maximum profit is ` 120 on producing 12 Now, if q is the angle between the lines, then
units of A type and 6 units of B type article. (1)
|1× 0 + 0 × 1 + (-1) (-1)| 1
cos q = =
a a2 1 + a3 2 2
1 + 0 + (-1) 2 2 2
0 + 1 + (-1) 2 2
29. We have, b b2 1 + b3 = 0
p
d c2 1+ c3 Þ q= (11 2)
3

SOLUTIONS
r p
1. Let a = i$ + $j + 3k Þ 3sin -1 x + =p
r 2
and b = i$ + $j - 3k (1/2) é pù
-1 -1
r r r ® êëQsin x + cos x = 2 úû
Here, a ¹ b but|a| = |b| = 11 (1/2)
p
Or Þ 3sin -1 x = (1)
r r 2
Let a = 4i - j + 3k and b = -2 i$ + $j - 2 k$. Then, the
$ $ $
r r -1 p æpö
vector which is perpendicular to both a and b is given Þ sin x = Þ x = sin ç ÷
6 è 6ø
i$ $j k$
r r r 1
by c = a ´ b = 4 -1 3 Þ x= (1)
-2 1 -2 2
é -3 2 ù
6. Let A=ê ú
= i$ (2 - 3) - $j (-8 + 6) + (4 - 2 )k$ ë 5 -3û
= - i$ + 2 $j + 2 k$ (1/2) Then, | A| = 9 - 10 = - 1
r Þ Matrix A is non-singular and so its inverse exists.
Now,|c|= (-1)2 + 2 2 + 2 2 = 3
b
adj A
1 We know that, A-1 =
\Required unit vector is (- i$ + 2 $j + 2 k$ ). (1/2) | A|
ita
3
é -3 -2 ù
2. Given, order of matrix A is 3 ´ 3. Here, adj A = ê ú
ë - 5 - 3û
We know that,|adj A| = | A|n -1 (1/2)
yK
1 é -3 -2 ù é 3 2 ù
\ A- 1 = = (1)
-1 êë -5 -3úû êë 5 3úû
3 -1 2
= (4) = 4 = 16 (1/2)
3. Given, f ( x ) = x 2 - 5x + 1 éx yù
Let the matrix P be ê . Then, we have
ëw z úû
yM
æ 5ö
Þ f ¢( x ) = 2 x - 5 = 2 ç x - ÷ (1/2) éx y ù é -3 2 ù é 1 2 ù
è 2ø =
êw z úû êë 5 -3úû êë2 -1úû
5 5 ë
Clearly, f ¢( x ) > 0 for x > and f ¢( x ) < 0 for x < .
2 2 é -3 x + 5 y 2 x - 3 y ù é 1 2 ù
Þ ê ú=ê
op
ú
é5 ù ë -3w + 5 z 2 w - 3 z û ë2 -1û
Thus, f ( x ) is increasing on ê , 5ú and decreasing
ë2 û \ -3 x + 5 y = 1 …(i)
é 5ù 2 x - 3y = 2 …(ii)
on ê 0, ú .
C
ë 2û
-3w + 5 z = 2 …(iii)
Hence, f ( x ) is neither increasing nor decreasing on
and 2w - 3z = - 1 …(iv)
the interval [0, 5]. (1/2)
On solving Eqs. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get
4. Given, x = acos 3 q
x = 13, y = 8, w = 1and z = 1
and y = asin 3 q é13 8ù
Hence, the required matrix P is ê ú. (1)
Now,
dx
= a[3cos 2 q (- sin q)] = - 3asin qcos 2 q ë 1 1û
dq éx 3 - 3x 2 ù
dy 7. LHS = cos -1 x + cos -1 ê + ú
and = a(3sin 2 q × cos q) = 3asin 2 q × cos q êë 3 2 úû
dq (1/2)
dy dy dq 3asin 2 qcos q é pù
\ = = Put cos -1 x = a then x = cos a, where a Î ê 0, ú . (1)
dx dx dq -3 asin qcos 2 q ë 3û
- sin q é1 3 ù
= = - tan q Now, LHS = a + cos -1 ê cos a + 1 - cos 2 a ú
cos q ë2 2 û
p dy p -1
At q= , = - tan = (1/2) é p p ù
6 dx 6 3 = a + cos -1 êcos cos a + sin sin a ú
ë 3 3 û
5. Given, 4sin -1 x + cos -1 x = p é æp öù
= a + cos -1 êcos ç - a ÷ ú
Þ 3sin -1
x + sin -1
x + cos -1
x=p ë è 3 øû


p Þ x( yy2 + y12 ) - yy1 = 0
=a+ -a
3
Þ x( yy2 + y12 ) = yy1
p
= = RHS Hence proved. (1) Hence, ax 2 + by 2 = 1 is a solution of the given
3
1 differential equation. (1)
8. Let f( x) = 2
x 11. Given, P( A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.8 and P (B / A) = 0.6
-2 -2 -1
Then, f ¢( x ) = 3 Þ f ¢(2 ) = = Now, P(B A) = 0.6
x 8 4 P( A Ç B)
Þ = 0.6 (1)
Let dx = 2.002 - 2 = 0.002 P( A)
dy
Then, dy » × dx (1) Þ P( A Ç B) = 0.6 ´ 0.4 = 0.24
dx
æ 1ö P( A Ç B)
= ç - ÷ × (0.002 ) \ P( A B) =
è 4ø P(B)
= - 0.0005 (1) 0.24
= = 0.3 (1)
(2 + sin 2 x ) 0.8
9. Let I = òe x
1 + cos 2 x Or
æ 2 sin 2 x ö We know, P ( A Ç B) = P( A È B)
= òe x ç + ÷ dx
b
è 1 + cos 2 x 1 + cos 2 x ø = 1 - P ( A È B)
= 1 - [(P( A) + P(B) - P( A Ç B)]
ita
æ 2 2 sin x cos x ö
= òe x ç + ÷dx
è 2 cos 2 x 2 cos 2 x ø é 3 1 1ù
= 1- ê + - ú
æ 1 ö ë 8 2 4û
= òe x ç + tan x ÷dx (1)
3+ 4-2
yK
è cos 2 x ø
= 1-
8
= ò e x (tan x + sec 2 x )dx
5 3
= 1- = (1)
Let f ( x ) = tan x, then 8 8
yM
f ¢( x ) = sec 2 x 3
Thus, P ( A Ç B) =
\ I = tan xe + C x 8
3 3
[Q ò (f ( x ) + f ¢( x ))e xdx = e x f ( x ) + C ] (1) P( A Ç B) 8 3
Now, P ( A / B) = = = 8=
op
P(B) 1 1 4
Or 1-
2 2
e 5 loge x - e 4 loge x
Let I = ò 3 log x dx 3 3
e e - e 2 loge x P( A Ç B ) 3
C
x5 x4
and P(B / A ) = = 8 = 8= (1)
e loge - e loge P( A ) 1-
3 5 5
=ò dx [Q n log m = log mn ]
x3 x2 8 8
e loge - e loge r
r r
x5 - x4 12. $
Given, a = xi$ + 2 $j , b = yj$ + 3k and c = xi$ + yj$ + zk$
=ò dx [Qe loge f( x ) = f ( x )] (1)
x3 - x2 i$ $j k$
r r
x 4 ( x - 1) Now, a´b= x 2 0
=ò dx = ò x 2 dx
x 2 ( x - 1) 0 y 3
x3 = i$(6 - 0 ) - $j (3 x - 0 ) + k$( xy - 0 )
= +C (1)
3
= 6 i$ - 3 xj$ + xyk$
10. We have, ax 2 + by 2 = 1
= 6i$ - 3 xj$ + xyk$ (1)
On differentiating both sides w. r. t. x, we get
= zi$ - 3 $j + k$ [given]
2 ax + 2 byy1 = 0
$ $ $
On equating the coefficients of i , j and k, we get
Þ ax = - byy1
a yy z = 6, x = 1 and xy = 1
Þ - = 1 (1)
b x Þ xy= 1 Þ y = 1
Again, on differentiating w.r.t. x, we get r r
Þ a = i$ + 2 $j , b = $j + 3k$
x( yy2 + y12 ) - yy1
Þ =0 r
x2 and c = i$ + $j + 6k$

é 1 2 0ù Here, lim f ( x ) = lim (2 x + 1) = 2(1) + 1 = 3

r r r
\ [a b c] = ê 0 1 3ú x ® 1+ x ® 1+
ê ú
ë 1 1 6û lim f ( x ) = lim (ax 2 + b) (1)
x ® 1- x ® 1-
= 1(6 - 3) - 2(0 - 3) + 0
= 3+ 6= 9 (1) = a(1)2 + b = a + b
and f(1) = 3 (1/2)
Or
As f ( x ) is continuous at x = 1.
Let the given points are A, B, C and D respectively.
® ® ® \ a+ b=3 … (i)(1/2)
Then, AB = OB- OA = (16i$ - 29 $j - 4k$ ) - (6i$ - 7 $j ) f (1 + h ) - f (1)
Now, Lf ¢ (1) = lim
= 10 i$ - 22 $j - 4k$ h®0 - h
® ® ® a(1 + h )2 + b - 3
AC = OC - OA = (3 $j - 6k$ ) - (6i$ - 7 $j ) = -6i$ + 10 $j - 6k$ = lim
h ® 0- h (1/2)
® ® ®
and AD = OD - OA = (2 i$ + 5 $j + 10 k$ ) - (6i$ - 7 $j ) 2
a + ah + 2 ah + b - 3
= lim
= -4i$ + 12 $j + 10 k$ (1) h ® 0- h
10 -22 -4 = lim (ah + 2 a) = 2a [from Eq. (i)] (1/2)
® ® ® h ® 0-
Now, [ AB AC AD ] = -6 10 -6
f (1 + h ) - f (1)
-4 12 10 and Rf ¢ (1) = lim
b
h ® 0+ h
= 10(100 + 72 ) + 22(-60 - 24) - 4(-72 + 40 )
2 (1 + h ) + 1 - 3
ita
= 1720 - 1848 + 128 = 0 = lim
+ h
h®0
Hence, the given points are coplanar. (1)
2(1 + h ) - 2
1 a a2 = lim
yK
h® 0+ h
13. We have, D = a a2 1 = - 4
2(1 + h - 1) 2h
a2 1 a = lim = lim =2
h® 0+ h h® 0+ h (1/2)
From this, we can find out that As f ( x ) is differentiable at x = 1, so Lf ¢(1) = Rf ¢(1.)
yM
C11 = (- 1)1+ 1(a3 - 1) = (- 1)2 (a3 - 1) = a3 - 1 So, we have, 2 a = 2 Þ a = 1.

C12 = (- 1)1+ 2 (a2 - a2 ) = (- 1)3 (0 ) = 0 \ a = 1and b = 2 [from Eq. (i)](1/2)
1+ 3 4 4
C13 = (- 1) (a - a ) = a - a Or
op
2 +1 2 2 We have,
C21 = (- 1) (a - a ) = 0
2+ 2 ì x + sin x
C22 = (- 1) (a - a4 ) = (a - a4 ) ï sin (a + 1) x , if - p < x < 0
C23 = (- 1)2 + 3 (1 - a3 ) = (- 1)5 (1 - a3 ) = a3 - 1 ï
f( x) = í 2, if x = 0
C
C31 = (- 1)3 + 1(a - a4 ) = a - a4 ï 2(e sin bx - 1)

ï , if x > 0
C32 = (- 1)3 + 2 (1 - a3 ) = a3 - 1 ïî bx
x + sin x
and C33 = (- 1)3 + 3 (a2 - a2 ) = 0 (2) Here, LHL = lim f ( x ) = lim
x ® 0- x ® 0 - sin (a + 1)x
3 4
C11 C12 C13 a -1 0 a-a x + sin x
Let D1 = C21 C22 C23 = 0 a - a4 a3 - 1 = lim
x®0 - sin(a + 1)x
C31 C32 C33 a - a4 a3 - 1 0
On multiplying and dividing denominator by (a + 1)x,
C11 C12 C13 we get
We know that, C21 C22 C23 = D2 (1) x + sin x
= lim ´ (a + 1) x
C31 C32 C33 x ® 0 - æ sin (a + 1) x ö
ç ÷
\ D1 = D2 = (- 4)2 = 16 è (a + 1) x ø
x + sin x
a3 - 1 0 a - a4
= lim x
Thus, 0 a - a a3 - 1 = 16
4
(1) (1)
x ® 0 - sin(a + 1) x
a - a a3 - 1
4
0 × (a + 1)
(a + 1) x
ì ax 2 + b, if x < 1 sin x
14. We have, f ( x ) = í is differentiable 1+
1+ 1
îï 2 x + 1, if x ³ 1 = lim x =
at x = 1. x ® 0 - sin(a + 1) x 1 × (a + 1)
× (a + 1)
\ f ( x ) is also continuous at x = 1. (a + 1) x


2 é sin x ù
= êëQ xlim = 1ú (1) 16. Given equation of the curve is y = ( x 3 - 1)( x - 2 )
a+1 ®0 x û
As the curve intersects with the X-axis.
2(e sin bx - 1) \The y-coordinate is 0, when intersect with X-axis (1)
and RHL = lim f ( x ) = lim
+ + bx
x®0 x®0
Equation of curve can be written as
On multiplying and dividing by sin bx, we get y = ( x - 1)( x 2 + x + 1) ( x - 2 )
2(e sin bx - 1) sin bx Now, 0 = ( x - 1)( x 2 + x + 1) ( x - 2 )
lim ´ = 2 ´ 1´ 1= 2
x ® 0+ sin bx bx Þ x = 1or 2 (1/2)
é e sin x - 1 ù On differentiating equation of curve w.r.t. x, we get
êQ lim = 1ú (1) dy
ë x ® 0 sin x û = (3 x 2 )( x - 2 ) + ( x 3 - 1) × 1
dx
Since, function is continuous at x = 0 = 3x 3 - 6x 2 + x 3 - 1
2
\ lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = f (0 ) Þ =2 (1/2) = 4x 3 - 6x 2 - 1 (1/2)
x ® 0- x ® 0+ a+1
æ dy ö
Þ 2(a + 1) = 2 Þ a = 0 Now, ç ÷ = 4(1)3 - 6(1)2 - 1 = 4 - 6 - 1
è dx ø (1, 0 )
and b Î R, b ¹ 0 (1/2)
2 = 4-7 = - 3
æ 1 ö æ x + 1ö
15. We have, y = log ç x + ÷ = 2 log ç ÷ æ dy ö
b
è x ø è x ø and ç ÷ = 4(2 )3 - 6(2 )2 - 1= 4(8) - 6(4) - 1
è dx ø ( 2, 0 )
= 2 [log( x + 1) - log x ]
ita
é 1 ù = 32 - 24 - 1 = 7 [1]
= 2 êlog( x + 1) - log x ú
ë 2 û Hence, the required equations of the tangents are
Þ y = 2 log( x + 1) - log x (1) y - 0 = - 3( x - 1)
yK
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get y = - 3( x - 1) = - 3 x + 3
2 d 1 2 1 Þ 3x + y = 3 (1/2)
y1 = × ( x + 1) - Þ y1 = -
x + 1 dx x x+1 x
and y - 0 = 7 ( x - 2)
yM
2 x - ( x + 1) x -1
Þ y1 = = …(i) (1) Þ y = 7 x - 14 Þ 7 x - y = 14 (1/2)
x( x + 1) x( x + 1) Or
Again, differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get 4
d d We have, f ( x ) = - 3 log (1 + x ) + 4 log (2 + x ) -
x( x + 1) ( x - 1) - ( x - 1) [ x( x + 1)] 2+ x
op
y2 = dx dx (1)
[ x( x + 1)]2 On differentiating f ( x ) w.r.t. x, we get
é d d ù -3 4 4
( x 2 + x ) ´ 1 - ( x - 1)ê x ( x + 1) + ( x + 1) xú f ¢( x ) = + +
ë dx dx û 1 + x 2 + x (2 + x )2
C
=
x 2 ( x + 1)2 - 3(2 + x )2 + 4(1 + x )(2 + x ) + 4 (1 + x )
2 =
x + x - ( x - 1)[ x ´ 1 + ( x + 1) ´ 1] (1 + x ) (2 + x )2
=
x 2 ( x + 1)2 - 3(4 + x 2 + 4 x ) + 4(2 + 2 x + x + x 2 ) + 4 + 4 x
2 =
x + x - ( x - 1)(2 x + 1) (1 + x )(2 + x )2
=
x 2 ( x + 1)2
- 12 - 3 x 2 - 12 x + 4(2 + 3 x + x 2 ) + 4 + 4 x
x 2 + x - (2 x 2 + x - 2 x - 1) =
= (1 + x )(2 + x )2
x 2 ( x + 1)2
- 12 - 3 x 2 - 12 x + 8 + 12 x + 4 x 2 + 4 + 4 x
x 2 + x - (2 x 2 - x - 1) =
= (1 + x )(2 + x )2
x 2 ( x + 1)2
x 2 + 4x x( x + 4)
x2 + x - 2 x2 + x + 1 - x2 + 2 x + 1 = = (1)
= 2 2
Þ y2 = 2 (1 + x )(2 + x )2 (1 + x ) (2 + x )2
x ( x + 1) x ( x + 1)2
It is clear that domain of f = (- 1, ¥ )
- x2 + 2 x + 1 x( x + 4)
Þ x( x + 1)2 y2 = (1) Now, put f ¢( x ) = 0 i.e. =0
x (1 + x ) (2 + x )2
2 x - ( x + 1)( x - 1) ( x + 1)( x - 1)
= =2 - Þ x=0 [Q x ¹ - 4 as - 4 Ï (- 1, ¥ )] (1)
x x
In interval (-1, 0 ), the expression
Þ x( x + 1)2 y2 = 2 - ( x + 1)2 y1 [from Eq. (i)]
(- ve) (+ ve)
2
Þ x( x + 1) y2 + ( x + 1) y1 = 2 2
Hence proved. (1) f ¢( x ) = = - ve
(+ ve) (+ ve)

Hence, in the interval (- 1, 0 ), f is strictly decreasing. The above question emphasizes business value and
Now, in interval (0, ¥ ), the expression this help in reducing the cost of many products use in
(+ ve) (+ ve) practical life. (1/2)
f ¢( x ) = = + ve
(+ ve) (+ ve) 19. Given, ye ydx = ( y 3 + 2 xe y )dy
Hence, in the interval(0, ¥ ), f is strictly increasing. (1) dx
x -x
Þ ye y = y 3 + 2 xe y
2 e + 3e dy
17. We have, ò dx = Ax + B log(3e 2 x + 4) + C
3e x + 4e - x dx 2 xe y
2x
Þ ey = y2 +
2e +3 dy y
ò 3e 2 x + 4 dx = Ax + Blog(3e
2x
Þ + 4) + C (1)
dx 2x
Þ = y 2e -y +
On differentiating both sides, we get dy y
2e 2 x + 3 B dx 2 x
= A + 2x × (3 × e 2 x × 2 ) (1) Þ - = y 2e -y
2x
3e + 4 3e + 4 dy y
2e 2 x 3 6e 2 x which is a linear differential equation of the form

Þ + = A+ B (1) dx -2
, Q = y 2e - y .
2x 2x
3e + 4 3e + 4 3e 2 x + 4 + Px = Q, where P = (1)
dy y
On comparing both sides, we get
IF = e ò Pdx
b
A = 0, 6B = 2 Now,
1 -2
Þ A = 0, B = (1) ò dy
ita
3 =e y
= e -2log y
-2
18. Let the length and breadth of the tank be x m and y m = e log y = y -2 (1)
respectively,
yK
and the required solution is
Then, volume = 8m3
x × IF = ò Q × IF dy + C
Þ 2 xy = 8 [Qdepth of tank = 2m]
4 Þ x × y -2 = ò y 2e - y × y -2dy + C
Þ y=
yM
x
Þ x × y -2 = ò e - ydy + C
Let c be the cost of tank. Then,
c = 70 xy + 45(2 ´ 2 x + 2 ´ 2 y ) Þ xy -2 = - e -y + C …(i) (1)
= 70 xy + 180 x + 180 y On putting x = 0 and y = 1in Eq. (i), we get
op
4 4 é 4ù Þ 0 = - e -1 + C
= 70 x × + 180 x + 180 × êëQ y = x úû
x x 1
Þ C=
720 e
C
= 280 + 180 x + (1)

x Now, from Eq. (i),
On differentiating twice w.r.t. x, we get 1
2
xy -2 = - e - y +
dc 720 d c 1440 e
= 180 - 2 and 2 = 3
dx x dx x Þ x = y 2 (e -1 - e -y ) (1)
dc Or
For minimum value, put =0
dx Given, ( x 2 + y 2 )dy = xydx
720
Þ 180 - 2 = 0 Þ 180 x 2 = 720 (1) dy xy
x Þ = …(i)
2
dx x 2 + y 2
Þ x =4
Since each of the function x 2 + y 2 and xy is
Þ x =2 [Qlength cannot be negative]
homogeneous function of degree 2, so given
At x = 2,
differential equation is homogeneous. (1)
d 2c 1440
= 3 >0 Now, putting y = vx
dx 2 2
dy dv
So, c is minimum, when x = 2 and = v + x in Eq. (i), we get
720 dx dx
Now, c = 280 + 180 ´ 2 + dv x × vx vx 2
2 v+ x = 2 = 2
2
= 280 + 360 + 360 = 1000 dx x + (vx ) x + v2 x2
Hence, the cost of least expansive tank is ` 1000. dv v
Þ v+ x =
(1½) dx 1 + v 2


dv v
Þ x = -v 21. Let the line which passes through the point (1, 1, 1), has
dx 1 + v 2 direction ratios a, b and c.
dv v - v - v 3 -v 3 x -1 y -1 z -1
Þ x = 2
= Then equation of line is = = …(i)
dx 1+ v 1+ v2 a b c
1+ v2 dx Since, line (i) intersects the lines
Þ - dv = (1) x + 2 y-3 z+1
v3 x = =
æ 1 2ö 1 2 4
v -dx
Þ ç 3 + 3 ÷dv = x -1 y -2 z - 3
èv v ø x and = = …(ii)
2 3 4
æ 1 1ö 1
Þ ò çè v 3 + ÷dv = - ò dx
vø x
Hence, shortest distance between them is zero.
-2 - 1 3 - 1 -1 - 1
1 \ c =0
Þ - + log|v| = - log| x| + C a b
2v 2 1 2 4
1
Þ - 2 + log|vx| = C é x2 - x1 y2 - y1 z2 - z1 ù
2v êQ a1 b1 c1 = 0 ú
1 ê ú
Þ - + log| y| = C êë a2 b2 c2 úû
2 ( y x )2
b
-3 2 -2
x2 Þ a b c =0
Þ - + log| y| = C …(i) (1) (1)
ita
2 y2 1 2 4
1
Put x = 1and y = 1in Eq. (i), we get - + log||
1 =C Þ -3(4b - 2c ) - 2(4a - c ) - 2(2 a - b) = 0
2
Þ -12 b + 6c - 8a + 2c - 4a + 2 b = 0
yK
Þ C =1 Þ -12 a - 10 b + 8c = 0
Now, putting value of C in Eq. (i), we get Þ 6a + 5b - 4c = 0 …(iii)
- x2 1- 1 2 - 1 3 - 1
+ log| y|2 = - 1 …(ii)
yM
y2 and also a b c =0
Again, putting x = x0 and y = e in Eq. (ii), we get 2 3 4
- x02 0 1 2
Þ + log|e|2 = - 1 Þ a b c =0 (1)
e2
op
2 3 4
- x02
Þ 2
+ 1= -1 Þ -1(4a - 2c ) + 2(3a - 2 b) = 0
e
Þ -4a + 2c + 6a - 4b = 0
Þ x0 = 2 e (1)
C
r r r r Þ 2 a - 4b + 2c = 0
20. Given, a + b + c = 0 Þ a - 2b + c = 0 …(iv)
r r r
Þ a + b = -c From Eqs. (iii) and (iv), we get
r r r r r
Þ (a + b ) ´ b = (- c ) ´ b a b c
r r r r r r = =
Þ (a ´ b ) + (b ´ b ) = b ´ c 5 ´ 1 - (-4)(-2 ) (-4)(1) - (6)(1) (6)(-2 ) - (5)(1)
r r r r a b c
Þ a ´ b = b ć …(i) (1½) Þ = =
r r r 5 - 8 -4 - 6 -12 - 5
Also, a+b+c =0
r r r a b c
Þ b+c =-a Þ = =
-3 -10 -17
® r r r r
Þ (b + c ) ´ c = (- a ) ´ c a b c
r r r r r r Þ = = …(v) (1)
Þ (b ´ c ) + (c ´ c ) = (- a ) ´ c 3 10 17
r r r r
Þ (b ´ c ) = (c ´ a ) …(ii) (1) Now, required equation of the line is
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get x -1 y -1 z -1
= = . [from Eqs. (i) and (v)] (1)
r r r r r r 3 10 17
a ´ b = b ć =c ´ a
r r r r r r r r r 22. Let us define the events as
Now, [a b c ] = (a ´ b )× c = (b ´ c )× c
r r r E1: Bag I is selected
= [b c c ] = 0 (1½) E2 : Bag II is selected


2
E3 : Bag III is selected 12 æ 32 ö æ 3 ö æ 38 ö
=0´ + ç1 ´ ÷ + ç4 ´ ÷ - ç ÷
A : Drawing a White and a Red ball. 19 è 95 ø è 95 ø è 95 ø
Since E1, E2 and E3 are mutually exclusive and 44 1444
= -
exhaustive events. 95 9025
1 4180 - 1444 2736
\ P(E1 ) = P(E2 ) = P(E3 ) = (1) = = (1)
3 9025 9025
1 3 3 1 6 1
Also, P( A E1 ) = ´ + ´ = = 24. We have, f : R ® R defined by f ( x ) = 2 x - 3 and
6 6 6 6 36 6
2 1 1 2 4 1 g : R ® R defined by g( x ) = x 3 + 5.
P( A E2 ) = ´ + ´ = =
4 4 4 4 16 4 Clearly, fog : R ® R defined by
4 2 2 4 16 fog( x ) = f (g( x ))
and P( A E3 ) = ´ + ´ = (1) = f ( x 3 + 5) = 2( x 3 + 5) - 3 = 2 x 3 + 7
9 9 9 9 81 (1)
The probability that two drawn balls which are white Now, let us show fog is invertible. For this, we shall
and red are come from bag III is given by show that fog is one-one and onto.
P(E3 ) P( A E3 ) One-one Let x1, x2 Î R (Dfog ) such that
P(E3 / A) =
P(E1 )P( A E1 ) + P( A E2 )× P(E2 ) fog( x1 ) = fog( x2 ) Þ 2 x13 + 7 = 2 x23 + 7
+ P(E3 )× P( A E3 ) Þ x13 = x23 Þ x13 - x23 = 0
b
[by using Baye’s theorem] Þ ( x1 - x2 ) ( x12 + x22 + x1 x2 ) = 0
ita
1 16
× Þ x1 - x2 = 0
= 3 81 (1)
1 1 1 1 1 16 é 2 x æx ö
2
2 x2 ù
× + × + × êQ x1 + 2 x1 × 2 + ç 2 ÷ + x2 - 2 ú
3 6 3 4 3 81 ê 2 è2ø 4ú
yK
16 16 ê æ 2ö ú
ê = ( x1 + x2 )2 + ç 3 x2 ÷ > 0 ú
= 81 = 81 êë è 4 ø úû
1 1 16 54 + 81 + 64
+ +
6 4 81 324 Þ x1 = x2
yM
16 324 64 Hence, fog is one-one. (1)

= ´ =
81 199 199 Onto Let y Î R (Codomain fog ).
23. Let X denote the random variable showing the number Then, for any x Þ fog ( x ) = y
Þ 2 x 3 + 7 = y Þ 2 x 3 = y - 7,
op
of bad oranges.
Then, X can be take the value 0, 1 or 2. y -7
i.e. x=3 , Î R(Dfog ).
\ P( X = 0 ) = P (none of the oranges is bad) 2 (1)
C
= P (all the oranges are good ones) Thus, for every y Î R(Codomain fog ), there exist
16
C2 16 ´ 15 2 ´ 1 12 æ y -7ö
= = ´ = (1) y -7
20
C2 2 ´1 20 ´ 19 19 3 Î R(Dfog ) such that fog ç 3 ÷ = y,
2 è 2 ø
P( X = 1) = P (1 bad and one good orange)
4
Hence, fog is onto. (1)
C ´ 16C1 4 ´ 16 ´ 2 ´ 1 32
= 120 = = (1) Since, fog is both one-one and onto, therefore it is
C2 20 ´ 19 95 invertible. (1/2)
P( X = 2 ) = P (2 bad oranges) Clearly, (fog )-1 : R ® R defined by
4
C2 4 ´ 3 2 ´1 3 x -7
= 20
= ´ = (1) (fog )-1 ( x ) = 3
C2 2 ´ 1 20 ´ 19 95 2
Thus, the probability distribution is given by 9-7
Now, (fog )-1 (9) = 3 =1 (1½)
2
X = xi 0 1 2
Or
pi 12 / 19 32 / 95 3 / 95
ì a, if b = 0
Given, a * b = í
Mean, m = Sxi pi = 0 ´
12
+ 1´
32
+ 2´
3 ïî|a| + b, if b ¹ 0
19 95 95 Case I Let a, b Î R such that a = 0 and b ¹ 0
32 + 6 38 Then, a * b = |a| + b = | 0| + b = b
= =
95 95
and b* a = b
Variance, s 2 = Sxi2 pi - m 2
Thus, a* b = b* a (1)


Case II Let a, b Î R such that a ¹ 0 and b = 0. and A33 = (-1)3 + 3
3 2
= - 3 - 8 = - 11 (1)
Then a * b = a and b * a = |b| + a = | 0 | + a = a 4 -1
T
Thus, a * b = b * a. (1) A11 A12 A13
Case III Let a, b Î R such that a = 0 and b = 0 \ adj ( A) = A21 A22 A23
Then, a * b = a = 0 and b * a = b = 0. A31 A32 A33
T
Thus, a * b = b * a. -3 26 19 -3 9 5
Hence, a * b = b * a, if at least one of a and b is 0. = 9 -16 5 = 26 -16 -2
Now, to check whether * is commutative, 5 -2 -11 19 5 -11
one more case is needed to be examined. (1) adj( A)
Also, A- 1 =
Case IV Let a, b Î R such that a ¹ 0, b ¹ 0 . | A|
Then, a * b = |a| + b and b * a = |b| + a -3 9 5
1
Clearly, a * b may not be equal to b * a, = 26 -16 -2
62
as (-1) * 2 = 3, 2 * (-1) = 1. 19 5 -11
(-1) * 2 ¹ 2 * (-1.) Given system of equation can be written as (1)

Hence, * is not commutative. (1) é 3 4 7 ù é x ù é14ù
ê 2 -1 3 ú ê y ú = ê 4 ú
Existence of identity Let e be the identity element ê úê ú ê ú
ë 1 2 -3û ë z û ë 0 û
b
for *. Then, a * e = e * a = a, " a Î R
Consider, a * e = a, this is possible only when e = 0. é xù é14ù
ita
or AT X = B, where X = ê y ú and B = ê 4 ú
Also, for e = 0 (1) ê ú ê ú
ì 0, if a = 0 ì 0, if a = 0 ë zû ë0û
e * a=í =í
îï|0 | + a, if a ¹ 0 îï a, if a ¹ 0 Now,| AT| = | A| = 62 ¹ 0 so, the given system of
yK
=a equation is consistent with a unique solution given by
Thus, e = 0 Î R is such that a * e = a = e * a, " a Î R X = ( AT )-1 B = ( A-1 )T B (1)
Hence, 0 is the identity element. (1) é xù é -3 9 5 ù
T
é14ù
yM
é3 2 1 ù Þ ê y ú = 1 ê 26 -16 -2 ú ê 4ú
25. Given, A = ê 4 -1 2 ú ê ú 62 ê ú ê ú
ê ú ë zû ë 19 5 -11û ë0û
ë7 3 -3û
é -3 26 19 ù é14ù
1 ê
Now,| A| = 3(3 - 6) - 2(-12 - 14) + 1(12 + 7 ) = 9 -16 5 ú ê 4ú
op
= 3(-3) - 2(-26) + 119 62 ê ú ê ú

( ) ë 5 -2 -11û ë0û
= - 9 + 52 + 19 = 62 (1) é -42 + 104 + 0 ù é1ù
1 ê
Þ | A| ¹ 0, hence A-1exists. = 126 - 64 + 0 ú = ê1ú
62 ê ú ê ú
C
Now, cofactors of elements of| A| are ë 70 - 8 + 0 û ë1û

-1 2 Þ x = 1, y = 1, z = 1 (1)
A11 = (-1)1+ 1 = 3- 6 = - 3
3 -3 Or
4 2 é 2 1 1 ù
A12 = (-1)1+ 2 = - (-12 - 14) = 26
7 -3 Given, A = ê 1 0 1 ú
ê ú
4 -1 ë 0 2 -1û
A13 = (-1)1+ 3 = 12 + 7 = 19
7 3 We know that, A = IA
2 +1 2 1 é 2 1 1 ù é 1 0 0ù
A21 = (-1) = - (-6 - 3) = 9 (1)
3 -3 \ ê 1 0 1 ú = ê 0 1 0ú A
ê ú ê ú
3 1 ë 0 2 -1û ë 0 0 1û
A22 = (-1)2 + 2 = - 9 - 7 = - 16
7 -3 é 1 1 2 1 2 ù é1 2 0 0 ù
ê1 0 é R1 ù
3 2 Þ 1 ú = ê 0 1 0ú A êëusing R1 ® 2 úû
A23 = (-1)2 + 3 = - (9 - 14) = 5 ê ú ê ú
7 3 ë 0 2 -1û ë 0 0 1û
2 1 (1)
A31 = (-1)3 + 1 = 4 + 1= 5 é 1 1 2 1 2ù é 1 2 0 0ù
-1 2
Þ ê 0 -1 2 1 2 ú = ê -1 2 1 0 ú A
3 1 ê ú ê ú
A32 = (-1)3 + 2 = - (6 - 4) = - 2 ë0 2 -1û ë 0 0 1û
4 2
[using R2 ® R2 - R1]

é 1 1 2 1 2 ù é1 2 0 0 ù Þ x = ±1
Þ ê 0 1 -1ú = ê 1 -2 0 ú A
ê ú ê ú Then, y =1 (1)
ë 0 2 -1û ë 0 0 1û Clearly, required area of shaded region
[using R2 ® - 2 R2 ] (1)
é 1 0 1 ù é 0 1 0ù (0, √2)
Þ ê 0 1 -1ú = ê 1 -2 0 ú A
ê ú ê ú (1, 1)
ë 0 2 -1û ë 0 0 1û
é R2 ù
êëusing R1 ® R1 - 2 úû O
é1 0 1ù é 0 1 0ù
Þ ê0 1 -1ú = ê 1 -2 0 ú A
ê ú ê ú
ë0 0 -1û ë -2 4 1û
[using R3 ® R3 - 2 R2 ]
(1) 1
é1 0 0 ù é 2 -3 -1ù = ò ( y2 - y1 )dx (1)
0
Þ ê0 1 -1ú = ê 1 -2 0 ú A
ê ú ê ú =ò
1 1
2 - x 2 dx - ò x 2dx
ë0 0 1 û ë -2 4 1 û
b
0 0
[using R1 ® R1 - R3 ] 1 æ x3 ö
1
= ò ( ( 2 )2 - x 2 )dx - ç ÷
ita
é 1 0 0ù é 2 -3 -1ù 0 è 3 ø0
Þ ê 0 1 0ú = ê -1 2 1 ú A
ê ú ê ú 1
ë 0 0 1û ë -2 4 1 û éx 2 æ x öù 1
=ê 2 - x 2 + sin -1 ç ÷ - (1)
è 2 ø úû 0 3
yK
[using R2 ® R2 + R3 ] ë 2 2
é 2 -3 -1ù 1 æ 1 ö 1
= 1 + sin -1 ç ÷-
Thus, A- 1 = ê - 1 2 1 ú (1) 2 è 2ø 3
ê ú
ë - 2 4 1 û 1 p 1
yM
= + -
Now, given matrix equation XA = [1 0 1] 2 4 3
Þ X = [1 0 1] A-1 (1) æ p 1ö
= ç + ÷ sq units (1)
è 4 6ø
é 2 - 3 -1ù
p
op
= [1 0 1] ê 1 - 2 0 ú x+
ê ú p4
4 dx
ë -2 4 1 û 27. Let I = ò
- p 4 2 - cos 2 x
= [0 1 0 ] (1) p4 x p p4 dx
=ò ò-p 4 2 - cos 2 x
C
dx +
26. Given equations of curves are -p 4 2 - cos 2 x 4
y = x| x| …(i) p p4 dx
4 ò0 2 - cos 2 x
=0+ ×2
and x2 + y2 = 2 …(ii)
Since required area lies in first quadrant, therefore [Qfirst function is an odd function and second
x, y ³ 0. function is an even function.] (2)
Now, Eq. (i) becomes y = x 2 which represents a p p4 dx
parabola whose vertex is (0, 0) and Eq. (ii) represent a
=
2 ò0 2 - (1 - 2 sin 2 x )
circle with centre (0, 0) and radius 2. (1)
p p4 dx
Intersection point(s) of above curves is/are given by =
2 ò0 2 sin 2 x + 1
x2 + x4 = 2
p p4 sec 2 x
Þ x4 + x2 - 2 = 0 = ò0 dx …(i)
2 2
2 3 tan 2 x + 1
Þ t + t -2 = 0 [put x = t ]
2 Put t = 3 tan x
Þ t + 2t - t - 2 = 0
Þ dt = 3 sec 2 xdx
Þ t (t + 2 ) - 1(t + 2 ) = 0
Þ (t - 1)(t + 2 ) = 0 Also, when x = 0, then t = 0
Þ t = 1, - 2 p
and when x = , then t = 3 (2)
2 4
Þ x = 1, - 2


From Eq. (i), we get é 3(1 - h )(1)(2 - h ) 10(1)(1 - h )ù
= lim ê12 + + úû
p 1 3 dt h ® 0ë 6 2
I= ò
2 3 0 t2 + 1 3 ´ 6 10
= 12 + +
p 6 2
= (tan -1 t )0 3
2 3 = 12 + 3 + 5 = 20 (2)
p
= (tan -1 3 - tan -1 0 ) 28. Given point is (-2, 3, - 4).
2 3
p Also, equation of the given line is
= tan -1 3 x -1 y -2 z + 1
2 3 = = =l
1 3 -9
p p p2
= = × (2) A general point on this line is (l + 1, 3l + 2, - 9l - 1)
2 3 3 6 3
P
Or
3
ò2 (3 x
2
Given, - 2 x + 4)dx
b
Firstly, comparing the given integral with ò f ( x )dx,
a
we get
b
Q
f ( x ) = 3x 2 - 2 x + 4
Direction ratios of PQ are
ita
b = 3 and a = 2
(l + 1 + 2 ),(3l + 2 - 3), (-9l - 1 + 4)
Here, nh = b - a = 3 - 2 = 1
i.e. (l + 3), (3l - 1), (-9l + 3) (1)
Now, f (a) = f (2 ) = 3(2 )2 - 2 ´ 2 + 4
and direction ratios of normal to the given plane are
yK
= 12 - 4 + 4 = 12 (1, - 1, 2 ).
f (a + h ) = f (2 + h ) = 3(2 + h )2 - 2(2 + h ) + 4 Q PQ is parallel to the given plane.
= 3(4 + h 2 + 4h ) - 4 - 2 h + 4 Þ PQ is perpendicular to the normal to the plane.
yM
2
= 12 + 3h + 12 h - 2 h \ 1× (l + 3) + (-1)(3l - 1) + 2(-9l + 3) = 0 (2)
2
= 3h + 10 h + 12 (2) Þ l + 3 - 3l + 1 - 18l + 6 = 0
2 Þ - 20 l + 10 = 0
f (a + 2 h ) = f (2 + 2 h ) = 3(2 + 2 h ) - 2(2 + 2 h ) + 4
1
op
= 3(4 + 4h 2 + 8h ) - 4 - 4h + 4 Þ l= (1)
2
= 12 + 12 h 2 + 24h - 4h æ1 1 1 ö
\Coordinates of Q = ç + 1, 3 ´ + 2, - 9 ´ - 1÷
è2 2 2 ø
= 12 h 2 + 20 h + 12
C
æ 3 7 -11ö
M M M =ç , , ÷
è2 2 2 ø
f [a + (n - 1)h ] = f [2 + (n - 1)h ] (2)
2 2 2
2 æ3 ö æ7 ö æ -11 ö
= 3(2 + (n - 1)h ) - 2(2 + (n - 1)h ) + 4 Now, PQ = ç + 2 ÷ + ç - 3÷ + ç + 4÷
è2 ø è2 ø è 2 ø
3
ò2 (3 x
2
\ - 2 x + 4)dx = lim h[f (2 ) + f (2 + h ) 2 2 2
h®0 æ7ö æ 1ö æ -3 ö
= ç ÷ +ç ÷ +ç ÷
è2ø è2ø è2 ø
+ ... + f [2 + (n - 1)h ]]
= lim h[12 + (3h + 10 h + 12 ) + (12 h 2 + 20 h + 12 )
2 49 1 9 59 59
h®0 = + + = = (2)
4 4 4 4 2
2
+ 3(2 + (n - 1)h ) - 2 (2 + (n - 1)h ) + 4]
29. Let ` x are invested in 8% bond and ` y are invested in
= lim h[(12 + 12 + ... n times ) + 3h 2 (1 + 4 + 10% bond, then our problem is to
h®0
8 x 10 y
...(n - 1)times) + 10 h(1 + 2 + 3 + ... (n - 1)times ) Maximise Z = +
100 100
é (n - 1)(n )(2 n - 1) n(n - 1)ù subject to the constraints
= lim h ê12 h + 3h 2 + 10 h ×
h®0 ë 6 2 úû x ³ 10000, y £ 30000,
é 3(nh - h )(nh )(2 nh - h ) ù x + y £ 70000; y ³ 0, x ³ 0 (2)
ê12 nh + 6 ú
= lim ê ú
h ® 0ê 10 nh(nh - h ) ú
+
êë 2 úû

Corner point 8x 10 y
(0, 70000) Z= +
100 100
(10000, 30000) 8 ´ 10000 10 ´ 30000
+ = 3800
100 100
y=30000 (40000, 30000) (40000, 30000) 8 ´ 40000 10 ´ 30000
+ = 6200
100 100
(10000,0) 8 ´ 10000
(10000, 30000) + 0 = 800
100
(70000,0) 8 ´ 70000
(70000, 0) + 0 = 5600
100
x+y=70000 So, ` 40000 in 8% bonds and ` 30000 in 10% bonds

x=10000 should be invested for a maximum return of ` 6200.
One should start saving at early age of retirement
(2) some saving avenues are saving Bonds, NSC, Mutual
funds, NFO, Life Insurance polices etc. (2)
b
ita
yK
yM
op
C

SOLUTIONS
( x + 3)2 − 36 sin 2 x − cos 2 x
1. 
Given, f ( x ) =  x−3
,x≠3 4. Given, ∫ sin x cos x
dx
 x=3 cos 2 x − sin 2 x

 k,
= −2 ∫ 2 sin x cos x
dx
Here, lim f ( x ) = lim f (3 + h )
x→ 3 h→ 0 cos 2 x
(3 + h + 3)2 − 36 = −2 ∫ dx
= lim sin 2 x (1/2)
h→ 0 (3 + h − 3) = − 2 ∫ cot 2 x dx
(6 + h )2 − 36 1
= lim = − 2 log|sin 2 x| + C
h→ 0 h 2
36 + h 2 + 12 h − 36 = − log|sin 2 x | + C (1/2)
= lim
h→ 0 h dx dx
5. ∫ =−∫ 2
= lim (h + 12 ) = 12 (1/2) 5 − 8x − x 2
x + 8x − 5
h→ 0
f (3) = k dx
and =−∫
Now, lim f ( x ) = f (3) [Q f ( x )is continuous at x = 3] ( x + 4)2 − ( 21)2 (1)
b
x→ 3
(1/2) 1 x + 4 − 21
=− log +C
ita
⇒ k = 12 2 21 x + 4 + 21
2. We know, A(adj A) = | A|⋅ I  dx 1 x−a 

Q ∫ 2 = log + C  (1)
 x −a 2
2 a x + a 
yK
 8 0
∴ 0 8 =| A| I
  Or
 1 0 sin 2 x
⇒ Let I=∫ dx
8  =| A| I ⇒| A| = 8 (1) 1 + cos x
yM
 0 1
1 − cos 2 x
3. Given equations of planes are =∫ dx (1)
1 + cos x
2x − y + 2z = 5
(1 + cos x ) (1 − cos x )
and 5 x − 2.5 y + 5 z = 20 =∫ dx
op
(1 + cos x )
⇒ 2x − y + 2z = 8 (1/2)
Since, the given planes are parallel, then distance = ∫ (1 − cos x ) dx
between them = x − sin x + C
C
(1)
d 2 − d1 dy y + 1 dy dx
d = 6. Given that, = ⇒ =
a2 + b2 + c 2 dx x − 1 y + 1 x −1
On integrating both sides, we get
8− 5
⇒ d = dy dx
(2 )2 + (−1)2 + (2 )2 ∫ y + 1= ∫ x −1
3 ⇒ log|( y + 1)| = log|( x − 1)| − log|C| (1)
⇒ d = =1
3 (1/2) ⇒ C ( y + 1) = ( x − 1)
Or x −1
⇒ C=
→
We have, r ⋅ (3i$ − 4 $j + 12 k$ ) = 5 y+1
When x = 1 and y = 2, then C = 0
On dividing both sides by (3)2 + (− 4)2 + (12 )2 = 13,
So, the required solution is x − 1 = 0.
we get
Hence, only one solution exist. (1)
→  3 4 $ 12 $ 5
r ⋅  i$ − j + k = , which is the
 13 13 13  13 7. When a die is tossed, then sample space is
normal form of the equation of given plane. (1/2) S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }
5 Here, A : Number is even and B : number is red
Clearly, the length of perpendicular from the origin is .
13 ∴ A = {2, 4, 6} and B = {1, 2, 3}
(1/2)


⇒ A ∩ B = {2} (1)  π
10. Given, f ( x ) = sin 2 x in 0,  .
⇒ n ( A) = 3, n (B) = 3 and n ( A ∩ B) = 1  2
3 1 3 1 Since, the sine function is continuous for every x ∈ R,
Now, P( A) = = , P(B) = =
6 2 6 2  π
So it follows that f ( x ) = sin 2 x is continuous 0, .
1  2
and P( A ∩ B) =
6
 π
1 1 1 1 Also, f ′ ( x ) = 2 cos 2 x which is exists for all x ∈ 0, .
Clearly, P( A)⋅ P (B) = × = ≠ = P ( A ∩ B)  2
2 2 4 6
 π
i.e. P( A ∩ B) ≠ P( A) P(B) So, f ( x ) is differentiable on  0, .
 2 (1)
So, A and B are not independent events. (1)
 π
Now, f (0 ) = f ′   = 0
Or  2
Let Ei ; i = 1, 2, 3, 4, be the event that the dacoit is not
⇒ All conditions of Rolle’s theorem are satisfied.
killed by the ith bullet. Then,
 π
P(Ei ) = 1 − 0.6 = 0.4. (1) Therefore, a real number c ∈  0,  must be exists,
 2
Now, required probability = P(E1 ∩ E2 ∩ E3 ∩ E4 )
such that f ′ (c ) = 0.
= P(E1 )⋅ P(E2 )⋅ P(E3 )⋅ P(E4 )
Consider, f ′ (c ) = 0
b
[Q all 4 shots are independent]
π
= (0.4)4 ⇒ 2 cos 2c = 0 ⇒ cos 2c = 0 = cos
ita
2
= 0.0256 (1) π  π
⇒ c= ∈  0, 
→ → 4  2
8. We have, a = 2 i$ − $j + k$, b = i$ + $j − 2 k$
yK
→ Hence, Rolle’s theorem verified. (1)
and c = i$ + 3 $j − k$
0 h g
∴
→ →
λ b + c = λ (i$ + $j − 2 k$ ) + (i$ + 3 $j − k$ ) 11. Let A =  − h 0 f 
 
= (λ + 1) i$ + (λ + 3)$j − (2 λ +1) k$ − g − f 0 
yM
(1)
→ → →  0 −h −g   0 h g
Since, a ⊥ (λ b + c )
∴ A′ = h 0 − f = (− 1)  − h
  0 f
→ → →    
⇒ a ⋅ (λ b + c ) = 0 g f 0  − g −f 0 
op
⇒ (2 i$ − $j + k$ )⋅ [(λ + 1)i$ + (λ + 3)$j − (2 λ + 1) k$ ] = 0 ⇒ A′ = − A

⇒ 2(λ + 1) − (λ + 3) − (2 λ + 1) = 0 ⇒ A is a skew-symmetric matrix. (1)
⇒ λ = −2 (1) 0 h g
C
Or Now, | A| =  − h 0 f 
 
→ → → − g − f 0 
Since, the vectors a, b and c are coplanar vectors,
therefore we have 0 f −h f −h 0
⇒ | A| = 0 −h +g
→ → → −f 0 −g 0 −g −f
[a b c ] = 0 (1)
= 0 − h (gf ) + g (hf ) = − hgf + ghf = 0
1 3 1
⇒ | A| = 0 Hence proved. (1)
i.e. 2 −1 −1 = 0
λ 7 3 12. At any instant of time t let the radius of the circle be r
and its circumference be c, then c = 2πr
⇒ 1 (− 3 + 7 ) − 3(6 + λ ) + 1(14 + λ ) = 0
dc dr
⇒ 4 − 18 − 3λ + 14 + λ = 0 ⇒ = 2π
dt dt (1)
⇒ λ=0 (1)
Given, radius increasing at the rate of 0.7 cm/s,
9. Given, f ( x ) = x 3 − 3 x 2 + 3 x − 100 dr
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get i.e = 0.7
dt
f ′ ( x ) = 3 x 2 − 6 x + 3 = 3( x 2 − 2 x + 1) = 3 ( x − 1)2 (1) dc
∴ = 2 π(0.7 ) = 14
. π cm/s
For any x ∈ R, ( x − 1)2 ≥ 0 dt
[Q a perfect square cannot be negative] Hence, the rate of increasing of circumference is
So, f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0, ∀ x ∈ R and hence f ( x )is increasing on R. 1.4π cm/s. (1)
(1)

13. Let X be a random variable that denote the number of (2 i$ + 2 $j + 3k$ )⋅ (i$ + $j + 2 k$ )
= (1)
diamond cards obtain in two drawn. 4 + 4 + 9 1+ 1+ 4
Clearly, X can assume the value of 0, 1, 2. 2+2+6 10
= =
13 1 17 ⋅ 6 17 ⋅ 6
P(drawing a diamond) = =
52 4  10 
⇒ ∠ABC = cos −1   (1)
 1 3  17 6 
P(not drawing a diamond) = 1 −  = (1)
 4 4
P( X = 0 ) = P (getting no diamond card)
15. Let E1 : Event selecting shop A
3 3 9 E2 : Event selecting shop B
= × =
4 4 16 E : Event purchasing a tin having adulterated ghee
P(X = 1) = P (getting one diamond and other card) 1 40 4
Now, P(E1 ) = P(E2 ) = , P(E / E1 ) = =
1 3 3 1 6 3 2 70 7
= × + × = = 60 6
4 4 4 4 16 8 and P(E / E2 ) = =
P( X = 2 ) = P (getting two diamond cards) 110 11 (1)
1 1 1 By using Baye’s theorem, we get
= × =
4 4 16 P(E2 )⋅ P(E / E2 )
P(E2 / E ) = (1)
P(E1 )⋅ P(E / E1 ) + P(E2 )⋅ P(E / E2 )
b
Hence, the probability distribution is given by
1 6 6
X = xi ×
ita
0 1 2
2 11 6 77 21
pi 9/16 3/8 1/16 = = 11 = × =
1 4 1 6 4 6 11 86 43
× + × +
(1) 2 7 2 11 7 11 (1)
Mean, µ = Σ xi pi
yK
(i) Adulteration is harmful for health.
9 3 1
=0× + 1× + 2 × (ii) For prevention of adulteration, we require to spread
16 8 16 awareness against it in society. (1)
3 1 4 1
= + = =
yM
 x − 3 −1  x + 3  π
8 8 8 2 (1) 16. Given, tan −1   + tan  x + 4  = 4
Variance, σ 2 = Σ x12 pi − µ 2  x − 4  
2  x−3 x+3 
 9 3 1   1  + 
= 0 × + 1× + 4 ×  −   x−4 x+4  π
 16  2  −1 
op
16 8 ⇒ tan =
  x − 3  x + 3  4
3 1 1 3
= + − = 1 −    
  x − 4  x + 4 
8 4 4 8 (1)
→ →
C
 −1  a + b  
14. Here, OA = i$ + 2 $j + 3k$, OB = − i$ + 0 $j + 0 k$ −1 −1
Q tan a + tan b = tan   ; ab < 1 (1)
→   1 − ab 
and OC = 0 i$ + $j + 2 k$
 ( x − 3 )( x + 4) + ( x + 3 ) ( x − 4) 
A(1, 2, 3)  ( x − 4) ( x + 4)   π
⇒   = tan  
 ( x − 4) ( x + 4) − ( x − 3 ) ( x + 3 )   4
 ( x − 4) ( x + 4) 
x 2 + 4 x − 3 x − 12 + x 2 − 4 x + 3 x − 12
⇒ = 1 (1 1 2 )
x 2 − 16 − x 2 + 9
  π 
Q tan  4  = 1
B(–1, 0, 0) C(0, 1, 2)
(1)  
→
Now, BA = (i$ + 2 $j + 3k$ ) − (− i$ + 0 $j + 0 k$ ) 2 x 2 − 24
⇒ = 1 ⇒ 2 x 2 − 24 = −7
= 2 i$ + 2 $j + 3k$ −7
→ ⇒ 2 x 2 = − 7 + 24 ⇒ 2 x 2 = 17
and BC = (0 i$ + $j + 2 k$ ) − (− i$ + 0 $j + 0 k$ ) (1)
17
= i$ + $j + 2 k$ ⇒ x2 =
2
→ →
BA ⋅ BC 17
∴ cos B = → → ∴ x=± (1 1 2 )
| BA|⋅| BC| 2


a2 + 2 a 2 a + 1 1 du dv
⇒ + =0 … (i) (1)
17. We have, LHS = 2 a + 1 a+2 1 dx dx
3 3 1 Consider, u = y x
Applying R1 → R1 − R2 and R2 → R2 − R3 , Taking log on both sides, we get

log u = x log y
a −1 a−1 0
2
= 2a − 2 a − 1 0 On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get

(1)
3 3 1 1 du d d
. =x (log y ) + log y ( x)
u dx dx dx
(a − 1)(a + 1) (a − 1) 0
1 dy
= 2(a − 1) (a − 1) 0 =x ⋅ + log y ⋅ 1
(1) y dx
3 3 1
du  x dy 
a+1 1 0 ⇒ =u  + log y
dx  y dx 
= (a − 1) 2
2 1 0
(1)  x dy 
3 3 1 = yx  + log y …(ii) (1)
 y dx 
[taking (a −1) common from R1 and R2 ]
Now, consider v = x y
= (a − 1)2 [(a + 1) − 2 ]
b
= (a − 1)3 = RHS (1)
log v = y log x
ita
Or
p b c
1 dv d dy 1 dy
Let ∆= a q c =0 . =y (log x ) + log x = y ⋅ + log x ⋅
yK
v dx dx dx x dx
a b r
dv y dy  y dy 
Applying R1 → R1 − R2 and R2 → R2 − R3 , ⇒ = v  + log x  = x y  + log x  …(iii) (1)
dx x dx  x dx 
p− a b−q 0
du dv
yM
∆= 0 q−b c −r =0 Now, putting the value of and in Eq. (i), we get

dx dx
a b r
 x dy  y dy 
p − a −(q − b) 0 yx  + log y + x y  + log x  = 0
 y dx  x dx 
= 0 q − b − (r − c ) = 0
op
(1) dy x −1
a b r ⇒ ( y x + x y log x ) + y x log x + x y − 1 y = 0
dx
Expanding along C1, we get dy y x log x + x y −1 y
⇒ = − x −1
∆ = ( p − a) {(q − b) r + (r − c ) b}
C
dx y ⋅ x + x y log x (1)
+ a {(q − b) (r − c ) − 0} = 0
Or
As a ≠ p, b ≠ q, c ≠ r dividing throughout by 1
( p − a) (q − b) (r − c ), we get Given, e y ( x + 1) = 1 ⇒ e y =
x+1
r b a
+ + =0 (1) On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
r −c q − b p− a
dy 1
Adding 2 on both sides, we get ey. =−
r  b   a  dx ( x + 1)2 (1)
+ + 1 +  + 1 = 1 + 1
r − c q − b  p−a   1  dy 1
⇒   =−
r  b + q − b  a + p − a  x + 1 dx ( x + 1)2
⇒ +  +  =2
r −c  q − b   p− a  dy − ( x + 1) −1
⇒ = =
r q p dx ( x + 1)2 x +1 (1)
⇒ + + =2
r −c q − b p− a Again differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
p q r d 2y 1
⇒ + + = 2 (2) =
p− a q − p r −c dx 2
( x + 1)2
2 2
18. Given, x y + y x = ab d 2y  − 1   dy 
⇒ =  =  (2)
On putting u = y x , v = x y , we get dx 2
 x + 1  dx 
u + v = ab


π x tan x 7 5  9
19. Let I=∫ dx …(i) = 6− + + (24 − 24) −  − 
0 sec x + tan x 2 2  2
π (π − x ) tan (π − x ) 12 − 7 + 5 9 19
⇒ I=∫ dx = +0+ = (2)
0 sec (π − x ) + tan (π − x ) 2 2 2
Q a f ( x ) dx = a f (a − x ) dx 
 ∫ 0 ∫0 20. Given differential equation is

dy x(2 log| x| + 1)
π (π − x ) tan x =
⇒ I=∫ dx …(ii) dx sin y + y cos y
0 sec x + tan x
On separating the variables, we get
[Qtan (π − x ) = − tan x and sec (π − x ) = − sec x] (1)
(sin y + y cos y ) dy = (2 x log| x| + x ) dx (1)
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
π π tan x π tan x On integrating both sides, we get
2I = ∫ dx = π ∫ dx
0 sec x + tan x 0 sec x + tan x
∫ ( sin y + y cos y ) dy = ∫ ( 2 x log| x|+ x ) dx
π tan x (sec x − tan x )
= π∫ dx ⇒ ∫ sin y dy + ∫ y cos y dy = 2 ∫ x log | x| dx + ∫ x dx
0 (sec x + tan x ) (sec x − tan x ) I II II I (1)
π tan x ⋅ sec x − tan 2 x ⇒ − cos y + [ y ⋅ sin y − ∫ 1⋅ sin y dy ]
= π∫ dx
0 sec 2 x − tan 2 x
b
π  x2 1 x2  x2
= π∫ (sec x tan x − tan 2 x ) dx = 2 log| x|⋅ − ∫ ⋅ dx  +
0  2 x 2  2
ita
[Q sec 2 θ − tan 2 θ = 1] (1)
x2
π ⇒ − cos y + y sin y + cos y = x 2 ⋅ log| x|− ∫ x dx +
=π ∫ 0 {sec x tan x − (sec x − 1)} dx
2
2
x2 x2
yK
[Q1 + tan 2 x = sec 2 x] ⇒ y sin y = x 2 log| x|− + +C
2 2
= π [sec x − tan x + x ]π0
⇒ y sin y = x 2 log| x|+ C ...(i) (1)
= π {(sec π − tan π + π ) − (sec 0 − tan 0 + 0 )} π
yM
= π (−1 + π − 1) Since, it is given that y = , when x = 1.

2
π
∴ I = (π − 2 ) (1) ∴ From Eq. (i), we get
2
π π
Or ⋅sin = (1 ) 2 ⋅ log|1| + C
op
2 2
4
∫ 1 {| x − 1| + | x − 2| + | x − 3|} dx ⇒
π
× (1) = 1 × 0 + C
 π 
2 Qsin 2 = 1 and log 1 = 0 
2
= ∫ (| x − 1| + | x − 2| + | x − 3|) dx
π
C
1
⇒ C=
3 2
+ ∫ 2 {| x − 1| + | x − 2| + | x − 3|} dx Hence, the required particular solution is
4
π
+ ∫3 {| x − 1| + | x − 2| + | x − 3|} dx (1) y sin y = x 2 log| x|+ .
2 (1)
2
= ∫ { x − 1 − ( x − 2 ) − ( x − 3)} dx ex
1 21. Let I=∫ dx
3 (e x − 1)2 (e x + 2 )
+ ∫ 2 {x − 1+ x − 2 − ( x − 3)} dx
Put e x = t ⇒ e x dx = dt
4
+ ∫ 3 (x − 1 + x − 2 + x − 3) dx (1)
Then, I=∫
dt
(1/2)
2 3 4 (t − 1)2 (t + 2 )
= ∫ (− x + 4) dx + ∫2 x dx + ∫3 (3 x − 6) dx
1 1 A B C
Now, = + +
2 2 3 4 (t − 1)2 (t + 2 ) t − 1 (t − 1)2 t + 2
 x  x 
2
 3x  2
= − + 4x  +   +  − 6x 
 2 1  2  2  2 3 ⇒ 1 = A(t − 1) (t + 2 ) + B (t + 2 )+ C(t − 1)2 …(i)
 − 2 2   −1   1 2 On substituting t = 1, − 2 in Eq. (i), we get

=  + 8 −  + 4  + (3 − 2 2 )
 2   2   2 1 = B (1 + 2 ) and 1 = C (− 3)2
 3 1 1
 3  ⇒ B= and C = (1)
+  × 42 − 6 × 4 −  × 32 − 6 × 3  3 9
  2   2 


On equation the coefficient of t 2 on both sides, we get e−x −x
= cos x   −∫ (− sin x ) (− e ) dx
−1  −1 
A+C = 0 ⇒ A= −C = (1/2)
9
= − cos x e − x − ∫ sin x e − xdx
1
Now, ∫ dt
(t −1)2 (t + 2 ) = − cos x e − x − [sin x (− e − x )
− ∫ cos x (− e − x ) dx ]
 − 1/ 9 1/ 3 1/ 9 
=∫  + +  dt
 (t − 1) (t − 1) (t + 2 )
2
= − cos x e − x + sin x e − x − ∫ cos x e − x dx
−1 dt 1 1 1 1 ⇒ I = − cos x e − x + sin x e − x − I
9 ∫ (t − 1) 3 ∫ (t − 1)2
= + dt + ∫ dt
9 (t + 2 )
⇒ 2I = (sin x − cos x )e − x
1 1 1
=− log|(t − 1)| − (sin x − cos x )e − x
9 3 (t − 1) ⇒ I= (1 1 2)
2
1
+ log|(t + 2 )| + C (1) On substituting the value of I in Eq. (i), we get
9
 sin x − cos x  − x
ex ye − x =  e +C
∴ ∫ dx  2 
b
(e − 1)2 (e x + 2 )
x
 sin x − cos x 
−1 or y=  + Ce
x
ita
= log|(e x − 1)| −
1 1  2 
9 3 (e − 1)
x
which is the general solution of the given differential
1 equation. (1/2)
+ log (e x + 2 ) + C [Qt = e x ]
yK
9
24. Given, A (4, 1), B (6, 6) and C(8, 4) are the vertices of
1 ex + 2 1 1
= log x − +C (1) a ∆ABC.
9 e − 1 3 (e − 1)
x
yM
→ →
22. Let b1 = λ a, where λ is a scalar.
→
⇒ b1 = λ (2 i$ − $j − 2 k$ ) (1)
B(6, 6)
→ → →
Now, b2 = b − b1
op
C(8, 4)
= (7 i$ + 2 $j − 3k$ ) − λ (2 i$ − $j − 2 k$ )
A(4, 1)
= (7 − 2 λ )i$ + (2 + λ )$j + (− 3 + 2 λ )k$ (1)
C
→ → (4, 0) (6, 0) (8, 0)

Now, since b2 is perpendicular to a.
→ →
∴ a ⋅ b2
=0
⇒(2 i − j − 2 k$ ){(7 − 2 λ )i$ + (2 + λ )$j + (− 3 + 2 λ )k$} = 0
$ $ (1)
⇒ 2(7 − 2 λ ) − (2 + λ ) − 2 (− 3 + 2 λ ) = 0 Here, equation of the line AB is
⇒ 14 − 4λ − 2 − λ + 6 − 4λ = 0 6 −1
y −1= ( x − 4)
6− 4
⇒ − 9 λ + 18 = 0 ⇒ λ = 2 (1)
→ → 5
Therefore, b1 = 2(2 i$ − $j − 2 k$ ) and b2 = 3i$ + 4 $j + k$. (1) ⇒ y −1= ( x − 4)
2
23. Given differential equation is a linear differential ⇒ y=
5x
− 10 + 1
equation of the form 2
dy 5x
+ Py = Q, where P = − 1and Q = cos x ⇒ y= −9 …(i) (1)
dx 2
Therefore, I.F. = e ∫
−1dx
= e−x (1)
Equation of the line BC is
6− 4
and the solution is given by y − 4= ( x − 8)
6− 8
ye − x = ∫ e − x cos x dx + C …(i) 2
⇒ y − 4= ( x − 8)
−2
Let I = ∫ e − x cos x dx
(1)
⇒ y − 4 = − ( x − 8)


−3
⇒ y − 4= − x + 8 =∫
0
−6
| x + 3| dx + ∫− 3 | x + 3| dx
⇒ y = − x + 12
−3 0
and equation of the line AC is =∫ (− x − 3) dx + ∫− 3 ( x + 3) dx
−6 (1)
4−1
y −1= ( x − 4) − x 2
 x
−3
 2 0
8− 4 = − 3x  +  + 3x 
3  2 − 6  2 − 3
⇒ y − 1= ( x − 4)
4  − (−3)2   − (−6)2 
3x =  − 3 × (− 3) −  − 3 × (−6) 
⇒ y= − 3+ 1 (1)  2   2  
4
3x   (−3)2 
⇒ y= −2 + 0 −  + 3 × (− 3) 
4   2  
Now, required area  − 9    9
6  5x
=  + 9 − (− 18 + 18) +  
 8 8  3x      2 
=∫  − 9 dx + ∫6 (− x + 12 ) dx − ∫  − 2 dx 2
4  2  4  4 
9 9
6 8 8 = + = 9 sq unit (2)
 5 x2   − x2   3x 2  2 2
= − 9 x +  + 12 x −  − 2 x
2 2 4  2 6  8 4 25. Let the firm manufactures x gold rings and y chains per
b
 5  5  day. The given data can be written in tabular form as
=  . (6)2 − 9 × 6 −  (4)2 − 9 × 4 
ita
    follows
 4 4
 (8)2   − 62  Items Time taken Profit (in `)
+  − + 12 × 8 −  + 12 × 6 
  2   2   Gold rings ( x ) 1h 300
yK
Chains ( y ) 30 min = 1/2 h 190
 3  3 
−  (8)2 − 2 × 8 −  (4)2 − 2 × 4  atmost 24 atmost 16 h
 8  8 
= [(5 × 9 − 54) − (20 − 36)] + [(− 32 + 96) (1)
yM
The required LPP is maximise,

− (18 + 72 )] − [(24 − 16) − (6 − 8)]
Z = 300 x + 190 y
= (− 9 + 16) + (64 − 54) − (8 + 2 )
Subject to constraints
= 7 + 10 − 10
= 7 sq units (2) x + y ≤ 24
op
1
Or x + y ≤ 16 or 2 x + y ≤ 32
2
− ( x + 3), for x < − 3
y = | x + 3| =  and x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 (1)
 x + 3, for x ≥ − 3
C
On considering the inequalities as equations, we get

When x < − 3, the y = − x − 3 x + y = 24 …(i)
x −4 −5 −6 and 2 x + y = 32 …(ii)
y 1 2 3 Table for line x + y = 24 is
When x ≥ − 3, then x 0 24
x −1 −2 −3 y 24 0
y 2 1 0 Clearly, it passes through (0, 24) and (24, 0).

(1)
On putting (0, 0) in the inequality x + y ≤ 24, we get
Draw these points on the graph paper and we get the
0 ≤ 24 [true]
required figure.
Y So, the half plane is towards the origin. (1)
y=x+3 Table for line 2 x + y = 32 is
C(–6, 3)
D(0, 3)
y = –x – 3 x 0 16
y 32 0
B A
X′ X Clearly, it passes through (0, 32) and (16, 0).
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O1 2 3
Y′ On putting (0, 0) in the inequality 2 x + y ≤ 32, we get
(2)
0 0 ≤ 32 [true]
Now, ∫− 6| x + 3| dx So, the half plane is towards the origin.


On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get A23 = (− 1)2 + 3 (2 + 3) = − 5,
x = 8 and y = 16 A31 = (− 1)3 + 1(12 − 10 ) = 2,
So, the point of intersection is (8, 16). (1)
The graphical representation of the system of A32 = (− 1)3 + 2 (− 8 − 15) = 23
inequations is given below and A33 = (− 1)3 + 3 (4 + 9) = 13 (2)
Y T
 A11 A12 A13 
Now, adj ( A) =  A21 A22 A23 
 
32  A31 A32 A33 
2x + y = 32
T
0 2 1 0 − 1 2 
24
= − 1 − 9 − 5 = 2 − 9 23
A(0, 24)    
B (8, 16)  2 23 13   1 − 5 13
16
0 − 1 2 
adj ( A)
8 x + y = 24 and −1
A = = (− 1) 2 − 9 23
| A|  
 1 − 5 13
X
(0,0) O 8 C(16, 0) 16 24 32  0 1 −2 
= − 2 9 − 23
b
  (1)
 − 1 5 − 13
ita
From the graph, OABCO is the feasible region which is
bounded. The corner points are O (0, 0), A (0, 24), B (8, Given system of linear equations is
16) and C (16, 0). (1) 2 x − 3 y + 5 z = 11,
yK
The values of Z at corner points are as follows 3x + 2 y − 4z = − 5
Corner points Value of Z = 300 x + 190 y and x + y − 2z = − 3
O (0, 0 ) Z = 300(0 ) + 190(0 ) = 0 which can be written in matrix form as
2 − 3 5   x   11 
yM
A(0, 24) Z = 300(0 ) + 190(24) = 4560

3 2 − 4  y  = − 5, i.e. AX = B
B(8, 16) Z = 300(8) + 190(16) = 5440     
(Maximum) 1 1 − 2   z  − 3
C(16, 0 ) Z = 300(16) + 190(0 ) = 4800 ⇒ X = A− 1B
op
From the above table the maximum value of Z is 5440 at  x   0 1 − 2   11 

B (8, 16). ⇒  y  = − 2 9 − 23 − 5
    
Hence, the manufacturer earns the maximum profit  z   − 1 5 − 13 − 3
C
` 5440, when he manufactures 8 gold rings and

 0 − 5+ 6 
= − 22 − 45 + 69
16 chains per day. (1)
 
2 − 3 5   − 11 − 25 + 39 
26. We have, A = 3 2 − 4
   x  1
1 1 − 2   y  = 2 
⇒
Here, | A| = 2(− 4 + 4) + 3(− 6 + 4) + 5(3 − 2 )    
 z  3
= 2(0 ) + 3(− 2 ) + 5(1)
= − 6 + 5 = − 1≠ 0 By equality of matrix, we get
Since, A is non-singular. x = 1, y = 2 and z = 3 (2)
−1
∴ A exists. (1) 27. Let the equation of plane passing through the point
Now, cofactors of elements of| A| are ( 1, 0, 0 ) be
A11 = (− 1)1 + 1(− 4 + 4) = 0, a ( x − 1) + b ( y − 0 ) + c ( z − 0 ) = 0
⇒ ax − a + by + cz = 0
A12 = (− 1)1 + 2 (− 6 + 4) = 2,
⇒ ax + by + cz = a …(i) (1)
A13 = (− 1)1 + 3 (3 − 2 ) = 1,
Since, plane (i) also passes through (0, 1, 0 ), therefore
A21 = (− 1)2 + 1(6 − 5) = − 1, 0+ b+ 0=a ⇒ b=a …(ii)
A22 = (− 1)2 + 2 (− 4 − 5) = − 9,


π
Also, it is given that plane (i) makes angle with plane 28. Let the fuel cost be ` x per hour and the speed of train
4
be v km/h.
x + y = 3, therefore we get
Then, according to question,
π a⋅1 + b ⋅1 + c ⋅ 0 x ∝ v2
cos = (2)
4 a2 + b2 + c 2 1 + 1 ⇒ x = kv 2 …(i)(1)
1 | a + b| Given that, x = ` 48 per hour
⇒ =
2 a + b2 + c 2
2 2 and v = 16 km/h
| a + b| From Eq. (i), we get
⇒ 1= ⇒ a + b + c = | a + b|
2 2 2
a2 + b2 + c 2 48 = k ⋅ (16)2
⇒ a + b + c = (a + b) [squaring on both sides] (1)
2 2 2 2
⇒ k = 3 / 16
⇒ a2 + b2 + c 2 = a2 + b2 + 2 ab ∴ From Eq. (i), we get
⇒ c 2 = 2 ab 3v 2
x= (1)
⇒ c 2 = 2 a2 [using Eq. (ii)](1) 16
⇒ c = ± 2a Let t (in hours) be the time taken by train in covering
given distance s km and c be the total cost for running
Now, Eq. (i) becomes
b
the train.
ax + ay ± 2 az = a [using Eq. (ii)]
3v 2
ita
⇒ x + y ± 2 z = 1, Then, c = 1200t + t
16
which is the required equation of plane. (1)
s 3v 2 s
Or ⇒ c = 1200 ⋅ + ×
v 16 v
yK
Equation of the plane passing through the point
s 3v  s
(−6, 3, 2 ) is given by ⇒ c = 1200 × + ⋅s Qt =  (1)
v 16  v
a ( x+ 6) + b ( y − 3) + c ( z − 2 ) = 0 …(i) (1)
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. v, we get
yM
Given equation of the line is

dc s 3s
x−3 y+2 z−4 = − 1200 × 2 + …(ii)(1)
= = …(ii) dv v 16
2 9 −1
dc
Direction ratios of the line are (2, 9, − 1) For minimum value of c, put =0
dv
op
and line passes through point (3, − 2, 4). (1) s 3s

⇒ − 1200 × 2 + =0
Now, as the plane (i) contains line (ii), so v 16
a(3 + 6) + b (−2 − 3) + c (4 − 2 ) = 0 s 3s
⇒ 1200 × 2 =
C
⇒ 9a − 5b + 2c = 0 …(iii)(1) v 16
Since, plane contains line (ii), so normal to the plane is 1200 × 16
⇒ v2 =
perpendicular to the line 3
2 a + 9b − c = 0 [Q aa1 + bb1+ cc1 = 0 ]…(iv) ⇒ v 2 = 6400
(1) ⇒ v = 80 km/h (1)
Now from Eqs. (iii) and (iv), we get Now, from Eq. (ii), we get
a b d 2c s
= = 2400 × 3
(−5) (−1) − (2 ) (9) (2 ) (2 ) − (9) (−1) dv 2 v
c d 2c
= At v = 80, >0
9 × 9 − (−5) (2 ) dv 2
a b c So, c is minimum, when v = 80 km/h.
⇒ = =
5 − 18 4 + 9 81 + 10 Value Economical value can be increase by minimizing
a b c the expenditure. (1)
⇒ = = = λ (say)
− 13 13 91  4  4 4x + 3
29. Given, f : R − −  → R −   defined by f ( x ) =
⇒ a = − 13λ , b = 13 λ , c = 91λ (1)  3  3 3x + 4
Now, from Eq. (i), we get One-one
− 13 λ ( x + 6) + 13 λ ( y −3) + 91 λ ( z − 2 ) = 0  4
Let x1, x2 ∈ R − −  such that f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )
⇒ 13( x + 6) − 13( y −3) − 91( z − 2 ) = 0 (1)  3 (1/2)


4 x1 + 3 4 x2 + 3 4y − 3  4
⇒ = and f −1( y ) = ∈ R − − 
3 x1 + 4 3 x2 + 4 4 − 3y  3
⇒ (4 x1 + 3)(3 x2 + 4) = (3 x1 + 4)(4 x2 + 3) −1 4x − 3 −1 0 − 3 −3
or f ( x) = ⇒ f (0 ) = = (1)
⇒ 12 x1 x2 + 16 x1 + 9 x2 + 12 = 12 x1 x2 + 9 x1 + 16 x2 + 12 4 − 3x 4− 0 4
⇒ 7 x1 = 7 x2 ⇒ x1 = x2 ⇒ f is one-one. (1/2) −1 4x − 3
and also f ( x ) = 2 ⇒ =2
Onto 4 − 3x
⇒ 4 x − 3 = 2 (4 − 3 x ) ⇒ 4 x − 3 = 8 − 6 x
 4
Let y ∈ R −   be any arbitrary element, then clearly 11
 3 ⇒ 10 x = 8 + 3 = 11 ⇒ x = (1)
10
4
y≠ . Or
3
We have, f : Z → Z, defined by f (n ) = 3n, ∀ n ∈ Z
The function f is onto if there exist
and g : Z → Z defined by
 −4 
x ∈ R −  , such that f ( x ) = y (1/2)
3  n / 3, if n is a multiple of 3
g( n ) = 
4x + 3 0, if n is not a multiple of 3
Now, f ( x ) = y ⇒ = y ⇒ 4 x + 3 = y (3 x + 4)
3x + 4 Clearly, gof : Z → Z and fog : Z → Z (1)
Now, for any n ∈ Z, we have
b
⇒ 4 x + 3 = 3 xy + 4 y ⇒ 4 x − 3 xy = 4 y − 3
3n (1)
gof (n ) = g { f (n )} = g (3n ) = =n
ita
⇒ x (4 − 3 y ) = 4 y − 3 3
4y − 3  −4   4 ⇒ gof (n ) = IZ (n ), ∀ n ∈ Z ⇒ gof = IZ (1)
⇒ x= ∈R −   Q y ≠ 3  (1)
4 − 3y 3 Also, for any n ∈ Z, we have
yK
 4 4y − 3  −4  fog (n ) = f { g(n )} = 3g(n ) (1)
Thus, for any y ∈ R −  , there exist ∈R −  
 3 4 − 3y 3  n, if n is a multiple of 3
= (1)
⇒ f is onto. (1) 0, if n is not a multiple of 3
yM
Hence, f ( x ) is a bijective function. (1/2) Clearly, fog (n ) ≠ n, when n is not a multiple of 3.

Since, f is one-one and onto, so f −1 exists. So, fog ≠ IZ . (1)
op
C

SOLUTIONS
1. Given, relation R = {(a, b) : a < b} is not symmetric as 2 0 1
5. Given, A = 2 1 3
− 1 < 3 shows that −1is related to 3.  
1 −1 0 
i.e. 3 is greater than −1but 3 < − 1 show that 3 is not
related to −1. (1) 2 0 1 2 0 1
π  1  ∴ A = A × A = 2 1 3 2 1 3
2
2. We have, cos  − cos −1      
3  2  1 −1 0  1 −1 0 
π  π   4 + 0 + 1 0 + 0 − 1 2 + 0 + 0
= cos  − cos −1 cos 
3  3   (1/2) = 4 + 2 + 3 0 + 1 − 3 2 + 3 + 0 
 
 π π 2 − 2 + 0 0 − 1 + 0 1 − 3 + 0 
= cos  − 
 3 3  5 −1 2 
= cos 0 =  9 −2 5  (1)
 
=1 (1/2) 0 −1 −2 
3. Given, Xm × 4 Yp × 5 = Z3 × b ∴ A2 − 3 A + 2 I
b
 5 −1 2  2 0 1  1 0 0
XY is defined only, when p = 4, then Eq. (i) becomes of
=  9 −2 5  − 3 2 1 3 + 2 0 1 0 
ita
the form Zm × 5 = Z3 × b, which is possible only when,      
m = 3 and b = 5 0 −1 −2  1 −1 0  0 0 1
∴ m = 3, p = 4, b = 5.  5 −1 2  6 0 3 2 0 0 
yK
→ → =  9 − 2 5  −  6 3 9 +  0 2 0 
4. Let a and b be the position vectors of points A (3, 4, − 7 )      
0 −1 −2  3 −3 0  0 0 2 
and B (1, − 1, 6), respectively.
→ →  5 − 6 + 2 −1 − 0 + 0 2 − 3 + 0 
∴ a = 3i$ + 4 $j − 7 k$ and b = i$ − $j + 6k$
=  9 − 6 + 0 −2 − 3 + 2 5 − 9 + 0 .
yM
 
Now, vector equation of a line passing through the 0 − 3 + 0 −1 + 3 + 0 −2 − 0 + 2 
→ →
points having position vectors a and b is  1 −1 −1
→ → → →
=  3 −3 −4
op
r = a + λ (b − a ) (1/2)  
→ −3 2 0 
⇒ r = (3i$ + 4 $j − 7 k$ ) + λ ((i$ − $j + 6k$ ) − (3i$ + 4 $j − 7 k$ ))
2 1
→ Also, cofactor of a22 = (− 1)2 + 2 = (0 − 1) = − 1 (1)
⇒ r = 3i$ + 4 $j − 7 k$ + λ (−2 i$ − 5 $j + 13k$ )
C
1 0
x−3 y−4 z+7 2 1
and cartesian equation is = = (1/2) and cofactor of a32 = (− 1)3 + 2
−2 −5 13 2 3
Or = (− 1) (6 − 2 ) = − 4
→
Let the given vectors be a = 4i$ − 2 $j + 4k$ 1 − sin x
6. We have, tan −1
and
→
b = 3i$ − 6 $j − 2 k$ 1 + sin x
 2 x x x x
Let θ be the angle between the vectors a and b.
→ →
 cos + sin 2 − 2 sin cos 
−1 2 2 2 2
= tan  
→ →  cos 2 x + sin 2 x + 2 sin x cos x 
a⋅ b 
Then, cos θ = 2 2 2 2
→ → (1/2)
| a|| b| 2
 x x
cos − sin 
(4i$ − 2 $j + 4k$ ) (3i$ − 6 $j − 2 k$ )  2 2
= = tan −1 2
(1)
(4) + (− 2 )2 + (4)2
2
(3)2 + (− 6)2 + (− 2 )2  x x
cos + sin 
 2 2
12 + 12 − 8 16 8
= = =  x
6 × 7 21 x  x
36 49 cos − sin   1 − tan 
−1  2 2 −1 2
 8 = tan = tan  
⇒ θ = cos − 1    x x  +
x
 21
(1/2)  cos + sin  
1 tan
 2 2 2


  π x  π x sin 6 x + cos 6 x
= tan −1  tan  −   = − (1) 9. We have, ∫ dx
  4 2  4 2 sin 2 x ⋅ cos 2 x
 1  2 (sin 2 x )3 + (cos 2 x )3
7. LHS = tan −1   + tan −1   =∫ dx
 4  9 sin 2 x ⋅ cos 2 x
 1 2   17  (sin 2 x + cos 2 x ) (sin 4 x + cos 4 x
 +   
−1 −
= tan  4 9  = tan  36 
1
− sin 2 x cos 2 x )
1− 1 × 2  34  =∫ dx (1)
 4 9  36  sin x ⋅ cos 2 x
2
 sin 2 x cos 2 x 
 −1 −1 −1  x + y   =∫  + − 1 dx
Q tan x + tan y = tan    cos x2
sin 2 x 
  1 − xy  
 1 2  1 = ∫ (tan 2 x + cot 2 x − 1) dx
= tan −1   = tan −1  
 2 2  2 = ∫ tan 2 x dx + ∫ cot x dx − ∫ 1dx
2
 1 
2
 1 −    = ∫ (sec 2 x − 1) dx + ∫ (cosec
2
x − 1) dx − x
 2   2 
−1 1 − x 
= ⋅ cos −1 
1 −1
Q2 tan x = cos  
1   1 + x 2   = tan x − x − cot x − x − x + C
2
2
 1 +    
  2  = tan x − cot x − 3 x + C (1)
b
1  3 Or
= cos −1   = RHS
ita
2  5 (1)
Let I=∫e x
e 2x
+4
8. We have, y = x x
Put e x = t ⇒ e xdx = dt
yK
∴ I = ∫ t 2 + (2 )2 dt
log y = x log x
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get t (2 )2
= t2 + 4 + log|t + t 2 + 4| + C (1)
1 dy 1 2 2
yM
= x ⋅ + log x [using product rule]

 x
Q ∫ x + a dx = 2 x + a
y dx x 2 2 2 2
dy
⇒ = y (1 + log x ) …(i) (1)
dx a2 
2
+ log| x + x 2 + a2| + C 
 1
op
d y dy 2 
and = y  0 +  + (1 + log x )
dx 2  x dx ex
2 = e 2 x + 4 + 2 log|e x + e 2 x + 4| + C (1)
d y y dy 1 dy 2
⇒ = + ⋅ ⋅ [using Eq. (i)]
C
dx 2 x dx y dx cos x − sin x 0 
Given, f ( x ) =  sin x cos x 0 
2
d 2 y 1  dy  y 10.
⇒ −   − =0 (1)  
dx 2 y  dx  x  0 0 1
Or cos y − sin y 0 
We have, and f ( y ) =  sin y cos y 0 
 
y = tan x + sec x  0 0 1
cos x − sin x 0  cos y − sin y 0 
dy
= sec 2 x + sec x + tan x ∴ f ( x )f ( y ) =  sin x cos x 0   sin y cos y 0 
dx   
1 sin x 1 + sin x  0 0 1  0 0 1
= + = (1)
cos 2 x cos 2 x cos 2 x cos x cos y − sin x sin y
dy 1 + sin x 1 = sin x cos y + cos x sin y
⇒ = = = (1 − sin x )−1 
dx 1 − sin 2 x 1 − sin x  0
d 2y − sin y cos x − sin x cos y 0 
and = (− 1) (1 − sin x )− 2 (− cos x )
dx 2 = − sin x sin y + cos x cos y 0  (1)

cos x 0 1
= = RHS (1)
(1 − sin x )2

cos ( x + y ) − sin ( x + y ) 0  Now, X = A−1B

⇒ f ( x ) f ( y ) =  sin ( x + y ) cos ( x + y ) 0  …(i)
  1  1 −2  1
 1 =
−5 −3 1  4
0 0
By replacing x by ( x + y ) in f ( x ), we get
−1  1 − 8  1 − 7 
cos ( x + y ) − sin ( x + y ) 0  =   =−  
5 − 3 + 4 5 1
f ( x + y ) =  sin ( x + y ) cos ( x + y ) 0  …(ii)
 
 1  x  7 / 5 
0 0 ⇒ X= = 
 y  − 1 / 5
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
7 −1
f ( x )f ( y ) = f ( x + y ) (1) ∴ x= ,y= (1)
5 5
11. We required to prove that for all n ∈ N. Or
 1 n
Let P( x ) = An =   We have,
 0 1 1 −2 5
 1 1 ∆= 2 a −1 = 86
For n = 1, P(1) = A =  
0 1 0 4 2a
which is true for n = 1. ⇒ ( a + 4) − 2(− 4a − 20 ) + 0 = 86
12 2
b
Let the result be true for n = k, then [expanding along first column]
ita
1 k  ⇒ 2 a + 4 + 8a + 40 = 86
2
P(k ) = Ak =   (1)
 0 1 ⇒ 2 a2 + 8a + 44 − 86 = 0 (1)
For n = k + 1, ⇒ a2 + 4a − 21 = 0
yK
 1 k + 1
P(k + 1) = Ak + 1 =  ⇒ a2 + 7 a − 3a − 21 = 0
0 1 
⇒ a (a + 7 ) − 3 (a + 7 ) = 0
∴ By LHS = Ak + 1 = Ak ⋅ A ⇒ (a + 7 ) (a − 3) = 0
yM
 1 k   1 1 ⇒ a = − 7 and 3
=  
0 1 0 1 ∴ Required sum = − 7 + 3 = − 4 (1)
 1 + 0 1 + k   1 k + 1 13. Given relation is R = {(T1, T2 ) : T1 is similar to
= =  = RHS
1 
op
0 + 0 0 + 1 0 T2 : T1, T2 ∈ T }, where T is the set of all triangles in a

Therefore, the result is true for n = k + 1whenever it is plane.
true for n = k. Hence, by principle of mathematical We know that two triangles are said to be similar, if they
C
induction, it is true for all n ∈ N. (1) have same shape. (1/2)

12. Given system of equations Reflexive Let T1 ∈ T be any arbitrary element.
x + 2 y = 1and 3 x + y = 4 As we know that every triangle is similar to itself.
It can be written in the form of AX = B So, (T1, T1 ) ∈ R
1 2   x 1 ∴ R is reflexive. (1/2)
where, A =  , X =   and B =  
3 1  y 4 Symmetric Let T1, T2 ∈ T such that
Here, | A| = 1 − 6 = − 5 ≠ 0 (T1, T2 ) ∈ R ⇒ T1 is similar to T2
⇒ A is non-singular, therefore its inverse is exists. (1) ⇒ T2 is similar to T1
Now, cofactors of A are [Q two triangle are similar to each other]

⇒ (T2 , T1 ) ∈ R (1)
A11 = (−1)1 + 1 (1) = 1, A12 = (− 1)1 + 2 (3) = − 3,
∴ R is symmetric.
A21 = (−1)2 + 1 (2 ) = − 2 and A22 = (− 1)2 + 2 (1) = 1
Transitive Let T1, T2 , T3 ∈ T such that
T T
A A12   1 −3  1 −2  (T1, T2 ) ∈ R and (T2 , T3 ) ∈ R
∴ adj ( A) =  11 =  =  −3 1 
 A21 A22   − 2 1    ⇒ T1 is similar to T2 and T2 is similar to T3
adj ( A) 1  1 −2  ⇒ T1 is similar to T3 ⇒ (T1, T3 ) ∈ R
A− 1 = =
| A| −5 −3 1  ∴ R is transitive
Thus, relation R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive,
so R is an equivalence relation. (2)


1 1 1 = e y ⋅ e log (cos y + sin y ) = (cos y + sin y ) . e y (1)
n+ 2 n+ 4
14. Let ∆ = C1n
C1 C1 and the solution of differential equation is given by
n n+ 2 n+ 4
C2 C2 C2 x ⋅ (IF) = ∫ Q ⋅ (IF) dy + C
1 1 1 ⇒ x ⋅ e y (cos + sin y ) = ∫ 1⋅ e y (sin y + cos y ) dy + C
= n n+2 n+4
n(n − 1) (n + 2 ) (n + 1) (n + 4) (n + 3) ⇒ x ⋅ e y (cos y + sin y ) = e y ⋅ sin y + C
2 2 2 [Q ∫ e x (f ( x ) + f ′ ( x ) dx ]
 n n! 
Q Cr = ; 0 ≤ r ≤ n  (1) = e x ⋅ f ( x ) + C]
 r !(n − r )! 
which is the required solution. (1)
On applying R3 → 2 R3 , we get
Or
1 1 1 Given equation of curve is
1
∆= n n+2 n+4 (1)
2 c ( y + c )2 = x 3 … (i)
n(n − 1) (n + 2 ) (n + 1) (n + 4) (n + 3)
Since, there is only one arbitrary constant, therefore we
On applying C2 → C2 − C1 and C3 → C3 − C1, we get will differentiate it only one time.
1 0 On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
b
1
∆= n 2  dy 
2 c 2( y + c ).  = 3 x 2 …(ii) (1)
n(n − 1) (n 2 + 3n + 2 ) − (n 2 − n )  dx 
0
4
ita (1)
On dividing Eq. (i) by Eq. (ii), we get
c ( y + c )2
= 2
x3
yK
(n + 7 n +12 ) − (n − n )
2 2
2c ( y + c )
dy 3 x
dx
1 0 0
1 y+c x
⇒ ∆= n 2 4 ⇒ =
2 dy 3
yM
n(n − 1) 4n + 2 8n + 12 2
dx
Now, expanding along R1, we get 2 x dy
⇒ y+c = …(iii) (1)
1 3 dx
∆ = × 1 [2 (8n + 12 ) − 4 (4n + 2 )]
2 2 x dy
op
⇒ c= −y …(iv) (1/2)
1 1 3 dx
= [16n + 24 − 16n − 8] = × 16 = 8 (1)
2 2 On substituting the value of y + c and c from Eqs. (iii)
15. Given differential equation is and (iv) in Eq. (ii), we get
C
(1 + tan y ) (dx − dy ) + 2 x dy = 0  2 x dy   2 x dy dy 
 − y 2 ⋅ ⋅  = 3x 2 (1)
 3 dx   3 dx dx 
⇒ (1 + tan y ) dx − (1 + tan y ) dy +2 x dy = 0
  4  dy  
2
⇒ (1 + tan y ) dx = ((1 + tan y ) − 2 x ) dy  2 x dy
⇒  − y     = x
dx 2x  3 dx   9  dx  
⇒ = 1− (1)
dy 1 + tan y 8 x  dy 
3
4  dy 
2
⇒   −   .y = x
⇒
dx
+
2
x = 1, which is a differential 27  dx  9  dx 
dy 1 + tan y
which is the required differential equation. (1/2)
dx 2
equation of the form + Px = Q, where P = 16. Given differential equation is
dy 1 + tan y
 e −2 x y  dx
and Q = 1 (1/2)  −  = 1, which can be rewritten as
 x  dy
2  x
∫ 1 + tan y dy
Now, IF = e ∫
P dy
=e
dy e −2 x y dy y e −2 x
2 = − ⇒ + =
∫ sin y dy 2 cos y dx x x dx x x
1+ ∫ dy
cos y + sin y
=e cos y
=e which is a linear differential equation of the form
(cos y + sin y ) + (cos y − sin y ) dy
∫ dy + Py = Q
cos y + sin y
=e (1/2) dx
cos y − sin y cos y − sin y 1 e −2 x
∫ dy + ∫
cos y + sin y
dy ∫
cos y + sin y
dy where, P= and Q = (1)
=e = e ∫ dy ⋅ e x x


1 dy
∫ dx
⇒ ( x − a) + ( y − b) =0
IF = e ∫
P dx
Now, =e x = e2 x
(1) dx
and the solution of differential equation is given by dy − ( x − a)
⇒ = …(ii) (1)
y ⋅ (IF) = ∫ Q ⋅ (IF) dx + C dx ( y − b)
e −2 x 2 x Again differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ y. e 2 x
=∫ .e dx + C (1)
x dy
( y − b)⋅ 1 − ( x − a)
d 2y dx
⇒ y. e 2 x
=∫
1 0
e dx + C =−
x dx 2 ( y − b)2
1  du dv 
⇒ y. e 2 =∫ dx + C  d  u  v dx − u dx 
x
x Q   = 
  v2
⇒ y. e 2 x
=2 x + C  dx v 
 
⇒ y = (2 x + c )⋅ e −2 x
,  ( x − a)2 
( y − b ) + 
which is the required solution. (1) d 2y  ( y − b) 
⇒ = −
→ → → dx 2 ( y − b)2
17. Let| a| = | b| = | c| = λ (say)
→ → → [using Eq. (ii)] (1)
Since, a, b and c are mutually perpendicular vectors.
b
2
d y [( y − b) + ( x − a) ]
2 2
→ → → → → → ⇒ =−
Therefore, a⋅ b = b⋅ c = c ⋅ a = 0 ...(i)(1) dx 2 ( y − b)3
ita
→ → → → → → → → →
Now, | a + b + c|2 = ( a + b + c )⋅ ( a + b + c ) d 2x − c2
⇒ = [using Eq. (i)] (1/2)
→ → → → → → →→ → → → → dx 2
( y − b)3
= a⋅ a + b⋅ b + c ⋅ c + 2 a⋅ b + 2 b⋅ c + 2 c ⋅ a
yK
→ → →
Now, consider,
=| a|2 | + | b|2 + | c|2 + 0 + 0 + 0 
3/ 2
 dy  
2 3/ 2
 ( x − a)2 
1 +    1 + 
[using Eq. (i)]
  dx   ( y − b)2 
 =
yM
→ → →
= 3λ2 [Q| a | = | b| = | c | = λ ] d 2y − c2
→ → → dx 2 ( y − b)3
⇒| a + b + c | = 3 λ ...(ii) (1)
3/ 2
→ → → ( y − b)2 + ( x − a)2 
Suppose a + b + c makes angles θ1, θ 2 and θ 3 with  
op
( y − b)2
→ → → =  (1)
a, b and c , respectively. − c2
→ → → → → → → → → → ( y − b)3
a⋅ ( a + b + c ) a⋅ a + a⋅ b + a⋅ c
Then, cos θ1 = =
C
→ → → → → → → → 3/ 2
 c2 
| a || a + b + c| | a|| a + b + c|  
( y − b)2 
→
| a |2 | a|
→
λ 1 =
⇒ cos θ1 = = = = − c2
→ → → → → → →
| a|| a + b + c | | a + b + c| 3λ 3 ( y − b)3
[using Eqs. (i) and (ii)] (1) c3 ( y − b)3
=− ×
 1 ( y − b)3 c2
⇒ θ1 = cos −1  
 3
= −c
Similarly, we have which is constant independent of a and b. (1/2)
1 −1   1
θ 2 = cos   and θ 3 = cos −1   Or
 3  3
1 − sin 3 x π
∴ θ1 = θ2 = θ3  2
,x<
 3 cos x 2
→ → → → → →
Hence, a + b + c is equally inclined with a, b and c .  π
We have, f ( x ) =  a ,x=
(1)  2
18. Given,( x − a)2 + ( y − b)2 = c 2 …(i)  b(1 − sin x ) π
 (π − 2 x )2 , x > 2
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get 
dy π
2( x − a) + 2( y − b) =0 is continuous at x = .
dx 2


 π 19. We have, x = a (cos t + t sin t ); y = a (sin t − t cos t )
∴ lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = f   …(i)
π −
π +  2
x→ x→ dx
2 2 (1/2) Clearly, = a (− sin t + sin t + t cos t )
1 − sin x
3 dt
Here, LHL = lim f ( x ) = lim = a t cos t (1/2)
x→
π−
x→
π−
3 cos 2 x
dy
2 2
= a (cos t − cos t + t sin t )
π π dt
Putting x = − h, as x → when h → 0
2 2 = a t sin t (1/2)
 π  dy dy / dt a t sin t
1 − sin 3  − h and = = = tan t (1)
2  dx dx / dt a t cos t
= lim
h→ 0  π  d 2x
3 cos 2  − h So, = a (− t sin t + cos t ) (1/2)
2  dt 2
1 − cos 3 h d 2y
= lim = a (t cos t + sin t ) (1/2)
h→ 0 3 sin 2 h dt 2
(1 − cos h ) (1 + cos 2 h + cos h ) d 2y dt
= lim (1) and 2
= sec 2 t .
h→ 0 3 sin 2 h dx dx
1
1 − cos h = sec 2 t .
b
1 a t ⋅ cos t
= lim h2 . lim (1 + cos 2 h + cos h )
ita
3 h→ 0 sin 2 h h→ 0 sec 3 t
= (1)
h2 at
h 20. Let E1 be the event that some bad elements oppose the
2 sin 2
1
yK
= lim 2 ⋅3 work of hospital.
3 h→ 0 4(h / 2 )2
2
E2 be the event that no bad element oppose the work of
 sin h  hospital and A be the event that hospital is completed
 
 h 
yM
Then, we have
1  sin x  P(E1 ) = 0.4, P(E2 ) = 1 − P(E1 ) = 0.6,
= Q xlim = 1 …(ii) (1/2)
2 →0 x   A  A
b(1 − sin x ) P   = 0.3 and P   = 0.8 (2)
RHL = lim f ( x ) = lim  E1   E2 
π + (π − 2 x )
op
2
π+
x→ x→
2 2 ∴Required probability
 π   A  A
b 1 − sin  + h  = P( A) = P(E1 ) ⋅ P   + P(E2 )⋅ P   (1)
2   E1   E2 
= lim 
C
h→ 0  2
π  = (0.4) (0.3) + (0.6)(0.8)
π − 2  2 + h 

 = 0.12 + 0.48 = 0.6 (1/2)
b (1 − cos h ) The value reflected from above problem is empathy.
= lim (1)
h→ 0 (− 2 h )2 (1/2)
h 21.
2 sin 2 Given equation of curve is
b 1 − cos h b 2
= lim = lim 6y = x 3 + 2 …(i)
4 h→ 0 h2 4 h→ 0 h2
2 Let the required point be P ( x, y ). Then,
h  h
sin 2
 sin  according to given condition,
b 2 b 2
= . lim = lim  
2 h→ 0  h  2 8 h→ 0  h  dy dx
4.   =8 …(ii) (1)
 2  2  dt dt
b b
= .1= …(iii) (1/2) dy dx
8 8 6 = 3x 2
dt dt
 π
and also f   = a …(iv) dx 2 dx
 2 ⇒ 6⋅ 8 = 3x ⋅ [using Eq. (ii)]
dt dt
From Eqs. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get ⇒ x 2 = 16
1 b 1
= = a ⇒ a = and b = 4 (1/2) ⇒ x=±4 (1)
2 8 2

Now, when x = 4, then  5  5  1

2 2
= log  x −  + x −  −   + C2
64 + 2 66  2  2  2
y= = = 11 (1)
6 6
 5
and when x = − 4, then = log  x −  + x 2 − 5 x + 6 + C2 …(iii)
 2
− 64 + 2 − 62 − 31
y= = = From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
6 6 3
9  5
 −31 I= x 2 − 5x + 6 + log  x −  + x 2 − 5x + 6 + C
Thus, the required points are (4, 11) and  − 4,  (1) 2  2
 3 
1 9
x+2 x+2 where, C = C1 + C2 (1)
22. Let I = ∫ dx = ∫ dx 2 2
( x − 2 ) ( x − 3) x − 5x + 6
2
Or
d 2 sin 2 x
Now, take x + 2 = A ( x − 5 x + 6) + B Let I=∫ dx
dx (a + b cos x )2
⇒ x + 2 = A (2 x − 5) + B sin x ⋅ cos x
⇒ x + 2 = (2 A)x + B − 5 A …(i)
=2 ∫ (a + b cos x )2 dx (1)
On equation the coefficient of x and the constant term, Put a + b cos x = t
b
we get
⇒ − b sin x dx = dt
2 A = 1 and B − 5 A = 2 − dt
ita
⇒ sin x dx = (1)
1 b
⇒ A= and B = 2 + 5 A
2  t − a
 
−2  b 
yK
1 9
b ∫ t2
⇒ A = and B = ∴ I= dt
2 2
∴
1
x + 2 = (2 x − 5) +
9 −2  1 a 
(1) ⇒ I = 2 ∫  − 2  dt (1)
2 2 b t t 
yM
1 2x − 5 9 dx 2  a
2∫ 2∫
⇒ I= dx + =−
b2 log|t | + t  + C
x − 5x + 6
2
x − 5x + 6
2
1 9 −2  a 
= I1 + I2 (say) …(i) (1/2) = log| a + b cos x | +  + C (1)
op
2 2 b2  a + b cos x 
2x − 5 We have, f ( x ) = x − [ x ]
Consider I1 = ∫ dx 23.
x − 5x + 6
2
1 1
∴ ∫−1 f ( x ) dx = ∫−1 ( x − [ x ]) dx
C
Now, put x − 5 x + 6 = t
2
1 1
⇒ (2 x − 5) dx = dt = ∫ x dx − ∫ [ x ] dx (1)
−1 −1
dt
I1 = ∫
1
Then, = 2 t + C1 …(ii) (1/2) = 0−∫ [ x ]dx
t −1
Q a f ( x ) dx = 0, if f ( x ) is an odd funtion 
= 2 x 2 − 5 x + 6 + C1  ∫− a 
dx
Consider I2 = ∫
1
= − ∫ [ x ] dx (1)
x − 5x + 6
2 −1
= − ∫ [ x ] dx + 
0 1
=∫
dx
 −1 ∫0 [ x ] dx 
2 2
5  5  5
x2 − 2 ⋅ ⋅ x +   + 6 −    −1, − 1 ≤ x < 0 
2  2  2 Q[ x ] =  
 0, 0 ≤ x < 1 
dx
=∫ (1)
= − ∫ (− 1) dx + 0 
0
2 2 (1)
 5  1  −1 
x −  −  
 2  2 0
=∫ 1 dx = [ x ]0−1
 dx  −1
Q ∫ = log| x + x 2 − a2| + C 
 x − a2
2  = 0 − (−1) = 1 (1)


24. Let D be the distance of the point ( x, y ) on the curve f ′ ( x ) = ( x − 1)
Interval Sign of f ′ ( x )
y = 2 x from (1, 4), then
2 ( x − 3) ( x + 2)
D = ( x − 1)2 + ( y − 4)2 x < −2 (− ) (− ) (− ) − ve

−2 < x <1 (− ) (− ) (+ ) + ve
2
 y2  1< x < 3 (+ ) (− ) (+ ) − ve
⇒ D=  − 1 + ( y − 4)2
 2  x<3 (+ ) (+ ) (+ ) + ve
 2 y2 
Q y = 2 x ⇒ x =  (2)
 2  We known that a function f ( x ) is strictly increasing if
2 f ′ ( x ) > 0 and strictly decreasing if f ′ ( x ) < 0 so, the
 y2 
⇒ D2 =  − 1 + ( y − 4)2 (2) given function
 2  (i) strictly increasing on the intervals (− 2, 1) and (3, ∞ ).
On differentiating w.r.t. y, we get (ii) strictly decreasing on the intervals (− ∞, − 2 ) and
d  y2   2 y (1, 3). (2)
(D 2 ) = 2  − 1   + 2 ( y − 4)
dy  2  2 25. Equation of plane passing through the point(1, − 2, 1) is
= ( y − 2) ( y) + 2 y − 8
2 given by
a( x − 1) + b ( y + 2 ) + c ( z − 1) = 0 …(i)
b
= y3 − 2 y + 2 y − 8
[Q equation of plane passing through ( x1, y1, z1 ) having
ita
= y3 − 8 (2) DR’s a, b, c of its normal is a( x − x1 ) + b( y − y1 )
d + c ( z − z1 ) = 0 ]
For maximum or minimum, put (D 2 ) = 0
dy Now, direction ratios of the line joining points (3, 2, 1)
yK
and (1, 4, 2 ) are − 2, 2, 1.
⇒ y − 8= 0 ⇒ y = 8 ⇒ y =2
3 3
Since, plane (i) is perpendicular to the line joining

d 2 (D 2 ) d  d 2 
Now, =  (D ) (1) points (3, 2, 1) and (1, 4, 2 ). (2)
dy 2 dy  dy 
yM
∴Direction ratios of normal to the plane are −2, 2, 1, i.e.

At y = 2,
a = − 2, b = 2 and c = 1
d2
(D 2 ) = 3 (2 )2 > 0 ∴Required equation of plane is
dy 2 − 2( x − 1) + 2( y + 2 ) + 1( z − 1) = 0
op
Thus, D 2 and therefore D is minimum when y = 2. ⇒ −2 x + 2 + 2 y + 4 + z − 1 = 0

On putting y = 2 in y 2 = 2 x, we get x = 2. ⇒ −2 x + 2 y + z + 5 = 0 (2)
Hence, the nearest point on the curve is (2, 2 ). (1) ⇒ 2x − 2y − z − 5 = 0 …(ii)
C
Now, distance of plane (ii) from origin is

Or
Given function is, 2 × 0 −2 × 0 − 0 − 5 −5 5
= = unit (2)
3 4 4 3 36 (2 ) + (−2 ) + (−1)
2 2 2 9 3
f( x) = x − x − 3x 2 + x + 11
10 5 5 Or
3 4 36
⇒ f′ ( x) = . 4x 3 − . 3x 2 − 6x + Given point P (2, − 1, 5) whose position vector is
10 5 5
2 i$ − $j + 5k$
6 3 12 2 36
⇒ f′ ( x) = . x − . x − 6x + →
5 5 5 and r = 11i$ − 2 $j − 8k$ + λ (10 i$ − 4 $j − 11k$ )
For strictly increasing or decreasing, put f ′ ( x ) = 0 x − 11 y + 2 z + 8
or = = =λ ...(i)
6 3 12 2 36 10 −4 − 11
x − x − 6x + =0 (1)
5 5 5 Any point on the line (i) is
⇒ 6 x 3 − 12 x 2 − 30 x + 36 = 0 Q (10 λ + 11, − 4λ − 2, − 11λ − 8)
⇒ x 3 − 2 x 2 − 5x + 6 = 0 and direction ratios of line (i) are (10, − 4, − 11) (2)
Now, direction ratios of PQ are
⇒ ( x − 1) ( x − 3) ( x + 2 ) = 0
(10 λ + 11 − 2, − 4λ − 2 + 1, − 11λ − 8 − 5)
⇒ x = 1, 3, − 2 (1)
= (10 λ + 9, − 4λ − 1, − 11λ − 13)
Now, we find interval in which f ( x ) is strictly increasing
Since, PQ is perpendicular to line (i).
or decreasing.

∴ 10 (10 λ + 9) + (−4)(−4λ − 1) + (−11)(− 11λ − 13) = 0 So, the half plane is away from the origin.
100 λ + 90 + 16λ + 4 + 121 λ + 143 = 0 Y
⇒ 237 λ + 237 = 0 ⇒ λ = − 1
(0, 12)
Now, foot of perpendicular Q
x+2y=12
= (10 × (− 1) + 11, − 4 × (−1) − 2, − 11 × (− 1) − 8) (0, 6)
= (1, 2, 3) (3)
x+1.25y=5 (4, 4)
∴ Length of perpendicular,
(0, 4)
PQ = (1 − 2 )2 + (2 + 1)2 + (3 − 5)2 (6, 0)
X′ X
(5, 0) (12, 0)
= (−1) + (3) + (− 2 )
2 2 2
= 1 + 9 + 4 = 14 (1) 2x+y=12
Y′
26. Let the manufacturer produces the x items of A and y (2)
Intersecting point of lines (i) and (ii) is (4, 4)
items of B, respectively.
Item Number Machine Machine Machine Profit Corner points Z = 600 x + 400 y
take II take III take (`) (5, 0) 600 × 5 + 0 = 3000
b
time time time (6, 0) 600 × 6 + 0 = 3600
(in h) (in h) (in h)
ita
(0, 4) 0 + 400 × 4 = 1600
A x x 2x x 600 x
(0, 6) 0 + 400 × 6 = 2400
B y 2y y 1.25 y 400 y
(4, 4) 600 × 4 + 400 × 4 = 4000
x+ y x + 2y 2x + y x + 1.25 y 600 x
yK
Total
+ 400 y So, at (4, 4) value of Z is maximum. Therefore, 4 items
of A, 4 items of B are produces and maximum profit is
Availability 12 12 5
` 4000. (2)
Our problem is to maximize
yM
Z = 600 x + 400 y 27. Given curves are y 2 = 4 x …(i)

subject to x + 2 y ≤ 12 … (i) and 4x + 4y = 9
2 2
2 x + y ≤ 12 … (ii) 9
⇒ x2 + y2 = …(ii)
x + 125
. y≥5
op
… (iii) 4
x, y ≥ 0 (2) Eq. (i) represents parabola having vertex (0, 0) and
Now, draw to graph of line (i) axis is X-axis and Eq. (ii) represents a circle having
3
C
x + 2 y = 12 centre (0, 0) and radius . (2)

2
x 0 12 Now, intersecting points of both curves (i) and (ii), are
y 6 0 1  1 
P  , 2  and P′  , − 2 
Putting (0, 0) in equality (i) 0 + 2 × 0 ≤ 12 [true] 2  2 
Y
So, the half plane is towards the origin.
Draw to graph of line (ii) 2 x + y = 12 9 (0, 3/2)
2)
2, √
2 =
4y P (1 / y2=4x
x 0 6 2 +
4x
y 12 0
Putting (0, 0) in equality (ii) 0 + 0 ≤ 12 [true] X′ X
A A′ O A(3/2, 0)
So, the half plane is towards the origin. (–3/2, 0)
5
Now, draw the graph of line (iii), i.e. x + y=5 Q(1
4 4x2+4y2=9
/2 , –√
2)
(0, –3/2)
⇒ 4 x + 5 y = 20
x 0 5 Y′ (2)
∴ Required area = 2 (Area of OAPO)
y 4 0
 1/ 2 3/ 2 9 
Putting (0, 0) in equality (iii), we get = 2 ∫ 4 x dx + ∫1/ 2 − x 2 dx 
 0 4 
0+ 0≥ 5 [false]


1/ 2 3/ 2 1/ 4
 2  x 9 9  2 x   1 1
= 2 2  x 3 / 2   + 
 
− x 2 + sin −1   
 3 x −2  1
2
1 −1
x− 
2
 3 0 2 4 8 =2  1 −  x −  + sin 
1/ 2
 2
 2 2 1 
 x a2 x   −1/ 2
∴ ∫ a2 − x 2 dx = a2 − x 2 + sin −1 
 2 2 a 1
x 1 
+2 1 − x2 + sin −1 x  (2)
 4  1 3/ 2  2 2 1/ 4
=2    − 0
 3  2   1 1
 − 1 1  − 1 1 
 9 1 9 1 = 2  4 2 1− + sin −1   − sin −1 (−1)
+ 2 0 + sin −1 (1) − 2 − sin −1    
 8 4 8 3  2 16 2 4 2

4 1 9 π 2 9 1 
=2  × + × − − sin −1   1 1 1 1  1 
+ 2 0 + sin −1(1) − 1 − − sin −1   
3 2 2 8 2 4 8 3
 2 8 16 2  4 
 2 9π 1 9 1  1 
=2  + − − sin −1 
 3 2 16 2 2 8 3  − 4 15 1 −1  −1 1 −1 
=2  + sin   − sin (−1)
 4 − 3 9π 9 −1 1   4 2
=2  + − sin  2 16 2 
6 2 16 8 3   
 1 −1 1 15 1 −1  1 
 1 9π 9 −1 1  + 2  sin (1) − − sin   
b
=2  + − sin  4 
 6 2 16 8 3  2 8 16 2
ita
1 9π 9 −1 1 −1 15  1
= + − sin sq units (2) = − sin −1   + sin −1 (1) + sin −1(1)
3 2 8 8 3 4 16  4
Or 1 15  1
− − sin −1  
yK
Given curve, x + y = 1
2 2
…(i) 4 16  4
represents a circle with centre (0, 0) and radius 1 1 15  1
= − 2 sin −1   + 2 sin −1 (1)
 1
2
2 16  4
and curve  x −  + y 2 = 1 …(ii)
yM
 2 π 1 15  1
= 2⋅ − − 2 sin −1   (2)
1  2 2 16  4
represent a circle with centre  , 0 and radius 1.
2  1 16  1
=π− − 2 sin −1  
 4
op
Y 2 16
1
x=–
2
1
(x–1/2)2+y2=1 28. Let us define the following events
x=
4 E1 : 5 occurs of the die
C
E2 : 5 does not occurs on the die

E : A report that 5 occurs in the throwing of the die (1)
1 5 8 4
X′
O (1, 0)
X Then, P(E1 ) = , P(E2 ) = , P(E / E1 ) = =
1, 6 6 10 5
0
2
4 1
and P(E / E2 ) = 1 − = (1)
5 5
x2+y2=1
Now, by Baye’s theorem, we have
P(E1 ) ⋅ P(E / E1 )
P (E1 / E ) =
P(E1 )⋅ P(E / E1 ) + P(E2 )⋅ P(E / E2 )
Y′
1 4
×
Both the circles (i) and (ii) meet where 6 5
=
 1
2  1 4 5 1
x −  = x
2  ×  +  × 
 2  6 5 6 5
1 1 1 4
⇒ x2 + − 2 x ⋅ = x2 ⇒ x = (2) 30 4
4 2 4 = = (3)
4 5 9
∴ Required area of shaded region +
30 30
 1/ 4 2 
 1 1 Value Reflected from Amit is habit of honesty and truth
= 2 ∫ 1 −  x −  dx + ∫1/ 4 1 − x 2 dx 
 −1/ 2  2  new. (1)
 


a b c
29. Equation of plane passing through the point(− 1, − 1, 2 )is ⇒ = =
2 − 12 − 15 − 3 − 12 − 10
a ( x + 1) + b ( y + 1) + c ( z − 2 ) = 0 ...(i)
a b c
Now, plane (i) is perpendicular to the planes ⇒ = =
−10 −18 −22
3 x + 2 y −3 z = 1 …(ii) a b c
⇒ = = = λ (say)
and 5x − 4y + z = 5 …(iii) 5 9 11
∴ 3a + 2 b − 3c = 0 …(iv) ⇒ a = 5λ , b = 9λ , c = 11λ (2)
and 5a − 4b + c = 0 …(v) On putting these values in Eq. (i), we get
[Q a1 a2 + b1 b2 + c1c 2 = 0 ] 5λ ( x + 1) + 9λ ( y + 1) + 11λ ( z − 2 ) = 0
On solving Eqs. (iv) and (v), we get (2) 5 ( x + 1) + 9 ( y + 1) +11 ( z − 2 ) = 0
a b ⇒ 5 x + 9 y + 11z + 5 + 9 − 22 = 0
=
(2 ) (1) − (−3) (−4) (−3)(5) − (3) (1) ⇒ 5 x + 9 y + 11 z − 8 = 0
c
= which is the required equation of plane. (2)
(3) (−4) − (2 ) (5)
b
ita
yK
yM
op
C

SOLUTIONS
  12   Or
1. We have, sin 2 cot − 1   
  5 Let the direction cosines of the lines be l, m and n.
  5 Then, l = cos 90 ° , m = cos 60 ° and n = cos 30 °
= sin 2 tan − 1   
  12   1 3
i.e. l = 0, m =and n = .
 2 2 (1)
 5 
  2     3 − 4
 12    Given, A = 
= sin sin − 1 
5. 
  5 
2 7 8 
  1 +    
   12    (1/2)  3 7
∴ AT =  
5/ 6 5 144 − 4 8
= = ×
25 6 169 3 − 4  3 7 
1+ Now, A − AT =  − 
144 7 8  − 4 8
5 × 24 120  3 − 3 − 4 − 7
= = (1/2)
169 169 =  (1)
7 + 4 8 − 8 
b
2. Let R be an relation on the set {1, 2, 3} defined as  0 − 11
⇒ A − AT =  
ita
R = {(1, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2 )}. Then, R is symmetric. (1/2) 11 0 
Here, (2, 2 ) ∉ R so, R is not reflexive,
 0 11  0 − 11
and also(2, 3) ∈ R and(3, 2 ) ∈ R but(2, 2 ) ∉ R, so R is not Now, ( A − AT )T =   = − 11 0  = − ( A − A )
T
 − 11 0   
yK
transitive. (1/2)
Hence, A − AT is a skew symmetric matrix.
3 3 2 2 − 1 2 
3. Given, A =   and B =   [Qa square matrix A is skew symmetric, if A′ = − A] (1)
4 2 0 1 2 4
3 − 2 
yM
3 + 2 3 − 1 2 + 2 6. Given, A =  
Now, A + B =   4 − 2 
 4 + 1 2 + 2 0 + 4
and also, A2 = kA − 2 I
5 3 − 1 4
=  3 − 2  3 − 2  3 − 2   1 0
 5 4 4 ⇒    4 − 2  = k  4 − 2  − 2  0 1
op
 4 − 2      
 5 5
⇒ ( A + B)′ =  3 − 1 4 1 − 2  3k − 2 k  2 0 
…(i) (1/2) ⇒ 4 − 4 = 4k −
 
   − 2 k  0 2 
 4 4
C
 3 4  2 1 1 − 2  3k − 2 − 2k 
⇒ 4 − 4 =  4k − 2 k − 2 
(1 1 2 )
and also, A′ + B′ =  3 2 + − 1 2    
   
 2 0   2 4 ⇒ 3k − 2 = 1 [by equality of matrices]
 5 5 ⇒ k =1 (1/2)

= 3 − 1 4 …(ii) 7.
 5x 
y = tan − 1  
  Given,
 4 4  1 − 6x 2 
 2 x + 3x 
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get ⇒ y = tan − 1  
( A + B)′ = A′ + B′ (1/2)  1 − 2 x × 3x 
4. We know that the equation of a line passing through a ⇒ y = tan − 1(2 x ) + tan − 1(3 x ) (1)
point A( x1, y1, z1 )and having direction ratio a, b andc is  −1 −1 −1  x + y 
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1 Q tan x + tan y = tan  
= = (1/2)   1 − xy 
a b c
Since, given line passing through the point (2, 1, 3) and
dy 2 3
having direction ratios (1, 1, − 2 ). = +
dx 1 + (2 x )2 1 + (3 x )2
∴ Required equation of line is
x −2 y −1 z − 3  d −1 1 
= = (1/2) Q (tan x ) = 
1 1 −2  dx 1 + x2 


dy 2 3 sin 2 ( x / 2 )
⇒ = + Hence proved. (1) = 2∫ dx
dx 1 + 4 x 2 1 + 9 x 2 2 sin x / 2 cos 2 x / 2
2
8. Let r be the radius of the sphere and ∆r be the error in = ∫ sec 2 x / 2 dx

radius and we have to find approximate error in (1)
= 2 tan x / 2 + C
volume.
Or
4
Volume of sphere, V = πr 3 Since, ∫ f ( x ) dx =
3 ∫ (4 x 3 − 6) dx = x 4 − 6 x + C
(1)
On differentiating V w.r.t. r, we get
dV
= 4πr 2 ∴Anti-derivative F is given by
dr F( x ) = x 4 − 6 x + C, where C is constant. (1/2)
Approximate error in volume,
Given that, F(0 ) = 3
 dV 
dV =   ∆r ∴ 3 = 04 − 6 × 0 + C
 dr 
⇒ C=3
[here, V depends on radius r] (1)
Hence, the required anti-derivative is
⇒ dV = (4πr 2 )∆r
F( x ) = x 4 − 6 x + 3. (1/2)
On putting r = 9 cm and ∆r = 0.03 cm, we get
r r r
dV = 4π (9)2 × 0.03 ⇒ dV = 972
. π cm 3 11. Given, a + b + c = 0
b
r r r
∴ ∆V ≈ dV = 972
. π cm 3 and | a | = 37,| b | = 3,| c | = 4
r r r
ita
which is the required approximate error. (1) Now, a + b + c = 0
r r r
9. Let g( x ) = |sin x + cos x| and h( x ) = | x|. ⇒ a = − (b + c )
r
⇒ | a |2 = | − (b + c )|2
yK
Then, f ( x ) = hog( x ). (1/2) r r r
r r
Since, sin x, cos x and | x| are continuous function, ⇒ | a |2 = | b |2 + | c |2 + 2| b || c |cos θ
∀ x ∈R (1/2) 37 = 9 + 16 + 24 cos θ (1)
∴g( x ) and h( x ) are continuous functions at x = π. (1/2) ⇒ 24 cos θ = 12
yM
[Qsum of two continuous function is continuous]

⇒ cos θ = 1 / 2 = cos 60 °
Hence, f is continuous at x = π.
⇒ θ = 60 ° (1)
[by using theorem of continuity for
x −1 y − 3 z − 4
12. = =
op
composition of functions] (1/2) Given line is

2 −1 2
Or
Here, direction ratios of above line are 2, − 1, 2. (1)
For f ( x ) to be continuous at x = 0, we should have
Since, plane is perpendicular to given line so direction
f (0 ) = lim f ( x )
C
(1/2)
x→ 0 ratios of normal are 2, − 1, 2.
(4 x − 1)3
= lim Now, required equation of plane is
x→ 0 x  x2 
sin log 1 +  2( x − 0 ) + (− 1) ( y − 0 ) + 2( z − 0 ) = 0
4  3
⇒ 2x − y + 2z = 0 (1)
3
 4 − 1x Or
 
 x  Direction ratios of line joining A and B are
= lim (1)
x→ 0  x2  1 − 2, − 2 − 3, 3 + 4, i.e. − 1, − 5, 7.
 x
sin  log 1 + 3  Direction ratios of line joining B and C are
 4  
x x 2 3 − 1, 8 + 2, − 11 − 3, i.e. 2, 10, − 14. (1)
⋅4 ⋅3
4 3 Since, DR’s of AB and BC are proportional.
(loge 4)3 ∴AB is parallel to BC. But B is common to both AB and
= = 12(loge 4)3 (1/2) BC.
1 1
⋅
4 3 ∴A, B, C are collinear points. (1)
10. ∫ (1 − cos x ) cosec 2

x dx 13. Let the amount invested in first type of bond is ` x, then
that invested in second type of bond will be
1
= ∫ 2 sin 2 ( x / 2 )⋅ dx (1)
`(30000 − x ). (1)
sin 2 x

According to given condition, bc

a×
 5   bc  4 = abc .
and a * (b * c ) = a *   = …(iv)
   4 4 16
[ x 30000 − x ] 100  = [1800 ] (1)
7 From Eqs. (iii) and (iv), we get(a * b) * c = a * (b * c )
 
100  So, * is associative. (1)
 5x (30000 − x )7  (iii) (a * b)* c = (a − b + ab)* c
⇒ 100 +  = [1800 ]
100 = (a − b + ab) − c + (a − b + ab)c
5 x + 210000 − 7 x = a − b − c + ab + ac − bc + abc
⇒ = 1800 (1)
100 a * (b * c ) = a * (b − c + bc )
⇒ 210000 − 2 x = 180000 = a − (b − c + bc ) + a(b − c + bc )
⇒ 30000 = 2 x ⇒ x = 15000 = a − b + c − bc + ab − ac + abc
Hence, the amounts invested in the two types of bonds ⇒ (a * b)* c ≠ a * (b * c ).
are respectively ` 15000 and ` (30000 − 15000) So, * is not associative. (1)
= `15000 (1) (iv) Q a * b = ab2
∴ (a * b)* c = (ab2 )* c = (ab2 )c 2 = ab2c 2 …(v)
14. The equation of the given curve is
and a * (b * c ) = a * (bc 2 ) = a(bc 2 )2 = ab2c 4 …(vi)
2
y+ =0 From Eqs. (v) and (vi), we notice that
x−3
b
( a * b) * c ≠ a * ( b * c )
−2
⇒ y= ,x≠3
ita
…(i) So, * is not associative. (1)
x−3
Or
The slope of the tangent to the given curve at any point 5ab
( x, y ) is given by Given binary operation is a * b = , a, b ∈ Q.
3
yK
dy  −1  2 Commutative Let a, b ∈ Q.
= (− 2 )   = (1)
dx  ( x − 3)2  ( x − 3)2 5ab
Then, a* b = [given]
For tangent having slope 2, we must have 3
yM
5ba
2 = = b* a
2= 3
( x − 3)2
⇒ ( x − 3)2 = 1 [Qusual multiplication is commutative on Q]
⇒ x − 3 = ± 1⇒ x = 2, 4 ∴ a * b = b * a, ∀a, b ∈ Q
op
(1)
When x = 2, from Eq. (i), we get So, * is commutative. (1)
−2 Associativity Let a, b, c ∈ Q.
y= =2
2−3
C
 5bc   5ab 
and when x = 4, then from Eq. (i), we get Then, a * (b * c ) = a *   Q a * b = 3 
 3 
−2
y= = −2 (1)  5bc 
4− 3 5a  
 3  25abc
Now, the equation of tangent to the curve at point (2, 2) = =
3 9
and (4, − 2 ) are respectively.
 5ab   5ab 
y − 2 = 2( x − 2 ) and y + 2 = 2( x − 4) and ( a * b) * c =   c Q a * b = 3 
 3 *
⇒ 2 x − y − 2 = 0 and 2 x − y − 10 = 0 (1)
 5ab
5  (c )
15. Given, ‘*’ be a binary operation defined on Q.  3  25abc
= =
(i) We have, a * b = a − b, ∀ a, b ∈ Q 3 9
Now, (a * b)* c = (a − b)* c Clearly, a * (b * c ) = (a * b)* c , ∀a, b, c ∈ Q
⇒ ( a − b) − c = a − b − c …(i)
So, * is associative. (1)
a * (b * c ) = a * (b − c )
⇒ a − (b − c ) = a − b + c …(ii) Existence of identity Let e be the identity element of
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we notice that * on Q. Then by definition of identity element, we must
( a * b) * c ≠ a * ( b * c ) have
Hence, it is not associative. (1) a * e = e * a = a, ∀a ∈ Q
ab Now, a* e = a
×c
 ab abc  5ab 
(ii) (a * b)* c =   * c = 4 = …(iii) ⇒
5 ae
=a
 4 4 16 3 Q a * b = 3 


3 Thus, the probability distribution of X is
⇒ e= ∈Q
5
3 X = xi 0 1 2 3
∴ e= is the identity element of * defined on Q. (1)
5 4 18 12 1
pi
Existence of inverse Let a ∈ Q and a− 1 = b, then 35 35 35 35
3 ∴ Mean, µ = Σxi pi
a* b = e =
5 4 18 12 1
= 0× + 1× +2× + 3×
5ab 3  5ab 3 35 35 35 35
⇒ = Q a * b = 3 and e = 5 
3 5 45 9
= =
9 9 35 7
⇒ ab = ⇒b = ∈Q (1)
25 25a Variance, σ 2 = Σxi2 pi − µ 2
9
∴ a− 1 = b = ∈ Q, ∀ a ≠ 0 4 18 12 1 81
25a = 0× + 1× + 4× + 9× −
35 35 35 35 49
9
Thus, for each a ≠ 0 ∈ Q, a−1 =  15 81 105 − 81 24
25a (1) = −  = = (1)
 7 49 49 49
16. Let E1 be the event of choosing bag I
x y
17. We have, y = b tan − 1  + tan − 1 
a x
b
E2 be the event of choosing bag II
and E be the event of drawing a red ball. y x y
⇒ = tan − 1  + tan − 1
ita

1 b a x
Then, P(E1 ) = 1 / 2 and P(E2 ) = (1)
2 y x y
⇒ tan = + tan − 1 (1)
Also, P(E / E1 ) = 3 / 7, P(E / E2 ) = 5 / 11 b a x
yK
(1)
Now, required probability,
dy
P(E / E2 )⋅ P(E2 ) x −y
1 2  y  dy 1 1 dx
= P(E2 / E ) = (1) sec   = +
P(E / E1 )⋅ P(E1 ) + P(E / E2 )⋅ P(E2 )  b dx a 1 + ( y / x )2
yM
b x2
5 1 dy
× x −y
5 77 35 1 2  y  dy 1
= 11 2 = × = ⇒ sec   = + 2dx 2 (1)
3 1 5 1 11 68 68 b  b dx a x + y
× + × (1)
op
7 2 11 2 1  1
dy 2  y x y
⇒  sec   − 2 2
= − 2
Or dx  b  b  x + y  a x + y2 (1)
When 3 balls are drawn at random, there may be no 1 y
−
C
red ball, 1 red ball, 2 red balls or 3 red balls.

dy a x2 + y2
So, X can take the values 0, 1, 2 or 3. ⇒ = (1)
dx 1  y x
sec 2   − 2
P( X = 0 ) = P(getting no red ball) b  b  x + y2
= P(getting 3 white balls)
Or
 4 × 3 × 2 3 × 2 × 1
4
4  a sin x + b cos x 
C
= 7 3 = ×  =
C3  3 × 2 × 1 7 × 6 × 5 35 We have, y = sin − 1 
 a2 + b2 
 
P( X = 1) = P(getting 1 red and 2 white balls)
a sin x + b cos x
3
C1 × 4C2  3 × 4 × 3 3 × 2 × 1 18 ⇒ sin y =
= = ×  = a2 + b2
7
C3  2 7 × 6 × 5 35
P( X = 2 ) = P(getting 2 red and 1 white balls) (1) ⇒ sin y =
1
(a sin x + b cos x ) (2)
C2 × C1
3 4 a + b2
2
= 7
C3 On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
 3×2 3 × 2 × 1 12
= × 4×  = cos y
dy
=
1
(a cos x − b sin x )
 2 ×1 7 × 6 × 5 35 dx a + b2
2
P( X = 3) = P(getting 3 red balls)

dy  a cos x − b sin x 
1
3
C 3×2 ×1 1 ⇒ =   (2)
= 7 3= = (1) dx a +b 
2 2 cos y 
C3 7 × 6 × 5 35

 α  π β  x+2
18. LHS = 2 tan −1 tan tan  −   19. Let I = ∫ dx
 2  4 2  ( x + 3 x + 3) x + 1
2
α  π β Put x + 1 = t 2 ⇒ dx = 2t dt
2 tan tan  − 
−1 2  4 2
= tan (t 2 + 1) 2t dt
2 α  π β (1) I=∫ (1)
1 − tan tan 2  − 
2  4 2 {(t 2 − 1)2 + 3(t 2 − 1) + 3} t 2
 π β  t2 + 1 1 + 1/ t 2
tan − tan  ⇒ I = 2∫ dt = 2 ∫ 2 1 dt (1)
α 4 2 t4 + t2 + 1
2 tan   t + 2 +1
2 1 + tan π tan β  t
= tan −1  4 2 1 + 1/ t 2
2 ⇒ I = 2∫
 π β  (t − 1 / t )2 + ( 3 )2
tan − tan
α 4 2 
1 − tan 2   du 1
2 1 + tan π tan β  = 2∫ , where t − = u (1)
u 2 + ( 3 )2 t
 4 2
 tan x − tan y  2  u 
⇒ I= tan −1   + C
Q tan( x − y ) =  3  3
 1 + tan x tan y 
 β 2  t − 1/ t 
1 − tan  = tan − 1   +C
α  3 
b
2 3
2 tan  
2 1 + tan β   t 2 − 1
2
tan − 1 
ita
 2 ⇒ I=  +C
= tan −1 2
(1) 3  t 3
 β
−
α 
1 tan
2 2  x 
1 − tan 2  = tan − 1   + C (1)
β
yK
2  1 + tan  3  3( x + 1)
 2
α β  β 20. Given, a, b and c are in AP.
2 tan 1 − tan  1 + tan 
2 2  2 ⇒ 2b = a + c
= tan −1
yM
 β
2
2 α  β
2
x + 2 x + 3 x + 2a
1 + tan  − tan 1 − tan 
 2  2  2 Consider, LHS = x + 3 x + 4 x + 2 b
α β x + 4 x + 5 x + 2c
2 tan 1 − tan 2 
−1 2 2 2 x + 6 2 x + 8 2 x + 2 a + 2c
op
= tan
 2 2 β β 
1 + tan 2 + 2 tan 2   = x+3 x+4 x + a+c (2)
  x+4 x+5 x + 2c
 2 α  2 2 β β 
 − tan 2 1 + tan 2 − 2 tan 2  
C
[by using R1 → R1 + R3 and 2b = a + c ]

 
x + 3 x + 4 x + a+c
α 2 β
2 tan 1 − tan  =2 x + 3 x + 4 x + a+ c
2  2
= tan −1 x+4 x+5 x + 2c
 2 β  α
2  β 2 α
1 + tan  1 − tan  + 2 tan 1 + tan 
 2  2  2  2 =2 × 0 [since, R1 and R2 are identical]
α β =0 (2)
2 tan 1 − tan 2
2 × 2 dy y
21. Given equation is + =0
2 α 2 β
1 + tan 1 + tan dx x
= tan −1 2 2 (1) dy y
α β ⇒ =−
1 − tan 2 2 tan dx x
2 + 2
dy dx
2 α 2 β ⇒ =−
1 + tan 1 + tan y x
2 2
−1  sin α cos β  On integrating both sides, we get
= tan  
 cos α + sin β dy dx
 θ θ
∫ y =−∫ x
 2 tan 1 − tan 2 
= RHS Qsin θ =
2 , cos θ = 2 ⇒ log| y | = − log| x | + log| C | (1)
θ θ
 1 + tan 2 1 + tan 2  ⇒ log| x | + log| y | = log| C |
 2 2
Hence proved. (1) ⇒ log| xy | = log| C |


⇒ xy = C …(i) 4x 3 6
⇒ (c − 2 a2 x 4 ) = 0
On putting x = 100 and y = 1in Eq. (i), we get b2
100 × 1 = C c6 c 3/ 2
⇒ x4 = 2
⇒ x = ± 1/ 4 (2)
⇒ C = 100 2a 2 a
On putting value of C in Eq. (i), we get xy = 100 c 3/ 2
Clearly, at x = 1/ 4 , f ( x ) will be maximum.
which is the required particular solution of differential 2 a
1/ 4
equation. (2)  c 3 / 2   c 12 c 12 
∴ f  1/ 4  =  2 2 − 2 2 
Yes, as the population increases area for living 2 a  2a b 4a b 
decreases, which is very harmful for population to live 1/ 4
healthy life. (1)  c 12  c3
=  2 2 = (1)
1  πx   4a b  2 ab
22. Let I = ∫ logsin   dx
0 2
24. Given, f ( x ) = cos 2 x + sin x, x ∈[0, π].
πx 2
Put = t ⇒ dx = dt Now, f ′ ( x ) = 2 cos x(− sin x ) + cos x
2 π
2 π /2 2 = − 2 sin x cos x + cos x (1)
∴ I= ∫ log sin t dt = I1 …(i) (1) For maximum or minimum, put f ′ ( x ) = 0
π 0 π
π ⇒ − 2 sin x cos x + cos x = 0
b
π /2 π /2 
where, I1 = ∫ log sin t dt = ∫ log sin  − t  dt
0 0 2  ⇒ cos x(− 2 sin x + 1) = 0
ita
π /2 1
=∫ log cos t dt ⇒ cos x = 0 or sin x =
0 2
π /2 π π
∴ 2 I1 = ∫ (log sin t + log cos t ) dt ⇒ x= , (1)
yK
0 6 2
π /2 π /2  sin 2t  For absolute maximum and minimum value,
=∫ log (sin t cos t ) dt = ∫ log   dt
0 0  2  we have to evaluate (1)
π /2
=∫ (log sin 2t − log 2 ) dt  π  π
yM
0 (1) f(0 ), f   , f   and f(π )

 6  2 
1 π π /2
= ∫ log sin z dz − log 2 ∫ dt At x = 0, f(0 ) = cos 2 0 + sin 0 = 12 + 0 = 1
2 0 0
[put 2 x = z in first integral; so 2dx = dz ] (1) π  π  π π

At x = , f   = cos 2   + sin
op
1 π /2 π 6  6  6 6
= ⋅ 2∫ log sin z dz − log 2
2 0 2 2
 3 1 5
π π =   + = = 1.25
⇒ 2 I1 = I1 − log 2 ⇒ I1 = − log 2  2  2 4
C
2 2
2 π  π  π  π π
∴ From Eq. (i), we get I =  − log 2 = − log 2 (1) At x = , f   = cos 2   + sin = 0 2 + 1 = 1
π  2  2  2  2 2
At x = π, f(π ) = cos 2 π + sin π = (− 1)2 + 0 = 1 (2)
23. Given, a2 x 4 + b2 y 4 = c 6
1/ 4 Hence, the absolute maximum value of f is 1.25
 c 6 − a2 x 4  π
⇒ y=  occurring at x = and the absolute minimum value of
 b2  6
1/ 4 π
 c 6 − a2 x 4  f is 1 occurring at x = 0, and π. (1)
and let f ( x ) = xy = x   2
 b2 
1/ 4
Or
 c 6 x 4 − a2 x 8  Let A be the vertex of the cone and O be the centre of
⇒ f( x) =   (1)
 b2  sphere. Let α be the semi-vertical angle and AO = x.
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get Then, AP = AO + OP = x + a (1/2)
2 8  − 3/ 4 a
1 c x − a x
6 4  4x c 3 6
8x a 7 2 In ∆AMO, sin α =
f′ ( x) =    −  x
4 b2   b 2
b2 
a
tan α = (1/2)
For maxima or minima, put f ′ ( x ) = 0 x − a2
2
4 x 3c 6 8 x 7a2 BP
⇒ − =0 Now, is ∆ABP, tan α =
b2 b2 AP


a a( x + a) [ 70C1 × 30C1 ] 140
⇒ BP = AP tan α = ( x + a) × = (1) P( X = 1) = =
x −a
2 2
x −a
2 2 100
C2 330
Let V be the volume of the cone, then 70
C2 161
and P( X = 2 ) = = (2½)
1 1 100
C2 330
V = πr 2 h = π ⋅ BP 2 ⋅ AP
3 3
Now, required probability distribution is as follows
1 a2 ( x + a)2
= π× 2 × ( x + a)
3 x − a2 X 0 1 2
1 2 ( x + a) 2
29 140 161
⇒ V= πa P(X)
3 x−a 330 330 330 (1/2)
dV 1 2 ( x − a)⋅ 2( x + a) − ( x + a)2 ⋅ 1 Now, mean of X = Σ X P( X )
Now, = πa ⋅
dx 3 ( x − a)2 29 140 161
=0× + 1× +2×
1 2 ( x + a) (2 x − 2 a − x − a) 330 330 330
= πa
3 ( x − a)2 =
14 161
+
1 2 ( x + a) ( x − 3a) 33 165
=
πa ⋅ (1)
3 ( x − a)2 = 0.4242 + 0.975
b
dV = 1399
. = 14
. (1)
For maxima or minima put =0
dx There is a specific advantage of being non-violent as it
ita
⇒ ( x + a) ( x − 3a) = 0 ⇒ x = − a, 3a helps in presenting our views in a calm and healthy
But x cannot be negative, atmosphere thoughtfully without disturbing other
activities. (1)
∴ x = 3a
yK
When x is slightly < 3a, then
dV
is negative.
26. Given equations of lines are
→
dx r = (i$ + $j ) + λ (2 i$ − $j + k$ ) …(i)
A →
r = (2 i$ + $j − k$ ) + µ (3i$ − 5 $j + 2 k$ )
yM
and …(ii)
α
On comparing above equations with vector equation
→ → →
r = a + λ b, we get
→ →
op
M a1 = i$ + $j , b1 = 2 i$ − $j + k$
a
→ →
O and a2 = 2 i$ + $j − k$ , b2 = 3i$ − 5 $j + 2 k$ (1)
C
We know that the shortest distance between two lines is

a
B C given by
P → → → →
(b1 × b2 ) ⋅ (a2 − a1 )
d = → →
...(iii) (1)
dV
When x is slightly > 3a, then is positive. | b1 × b2 |
dx
dV i$ $j k$
Thus, changes sign from negative to positive as x → →
dx Here, b1 × b2 = 2 −1 1
increases through 3a. 3 −5 2
∴ V is minimum for x = 3a (1)
= i$ (−2 + 5 ) − $j (4 − 3 ) + k$ (−10 + 3 )
Then, altitude AP = x + a = 3a + a = 4a → →
a a 1 ⇒ b1 × b2 = 3i$ − $j − 7 k$ …(iv) (1)
and sin α = = = ,
x 3a 3 → →
and | b1 × b2 | = (3 )2 + (−1 )2 + (−7 )2
 1  1
∴ α = sin − 1   , i.e. semi-vertical angle = sin − 1   . (1)
 3  3 = 9 + 1 + 49 = 59 …(v) (1)
→ →
25. Let X be a random variable showing the number of Also, a2 − a1 = (2 i$ + $j − k$ ) − (i$ + $j )= i$ − k$ …(vi) (1/2)
non-violence person. Then, X can take value 0, 1and 2. From Eqs. (iii), (iv), (v) and (vi), we get
(1)
30
C2 29 (3i$ − $j − 7 k$ ) ⋅ (i$ − k$ )
Then, P( X = 0 ) = 100 = d =
C2 330 59 (1)


3− 0 + 7 10  
4
⇒ d = =
59 59 (3 x + 4)3 / 2 
= 
10 3 (1)
Hence, required shortest distance is units. (1/2)  ⋅3 
59  2 0
Or 2
= [(12 + 4) − (4)3 / 2 ]
3/ 2
The equation of any plane through the intersection of 9

the planes x + y + z − 6 = 0 and2 x + 3 y + z + 5 = 0 is  (ax + b)n + 1 
∫ (ax + b) dx =
n
Q 
( x + y + z − 6) + λ (2 x + 3 y + 4 z + 5) = 0 …(i) (2)  a(n + 1) 
2
This plane passes through the point (1, 1, 1). = [(16)3 / 2 − (4)3 / 2 ] (1)
9
Therefore, this point will satisfy Eq. (i) 2
= [(2 4 )3 / 2 − (2 2 )3 / 2 ]
∴ (1 + 1 + 1 − 6) + λ (2 × 1 + 3 × 1 + 4 × 1 + 5) = 0 9
⇒ (− 3) + λ (14) = 0 2
= [(2 )6 − (2 )3 ]
3 9
⇒ 14λ = 3 ⇒ λ = (2) 2
14 = (64 − 8)
On substituting this value of λ in Eq. (i), we obtain the 9
2 112
b
required plane as = × 56 = sq units (1)
3 9 9
( x + y + z − 6) + (2 x + 3 y + 4 z + 5) = 0
ita
14 28.
Juices Soft drink A Soft drink B Availability
⇒ 14 x + 14 y + 14 z − 84 + 6 x + 9 y + 12 z + 15 = 0
⇒ 20 x + 23 y + 26 z − 69 = 0 (2) Pineapple (L) 4 2 ≤ 46
yK
Orange (L) 1 3 ≤ 24
27. Given curve is y = 3 x + 4
Profit 4 3
On squaring both sides, we get y = 3 x + 4 2
 4 (1)
⇒ y2 = 3  x + 
yM
 Let x tins of soft drink A and y tins of soft drink B are

3
produced. Then, our problem is to maximize
  − 4 
⇒ y2 = 3  x −   Z = 4 x + 3 y subject to constraints x ≥ 0 , y ≥ 0,
  3  
4 x + 2 y ≤ 46, x + 3 y ≤ 24 (1)
op
which is the equation of the parabola of the form The graph of above inequalities is
 4 
Y 2 = 4aX, whose vertex is  − , 0 and symmetrical Y
 3 
about X-axis. (0, 23)
C
As y = 3 x + 4 is a positive square root, so we take a

upper part of the parabola, y 2 = 3 x + 4 (2)
(0, 8) (9, 5)
The area of the region bounded by the curve
y = 3 x + 4 between x = 0, x = 4 and the X-axis, is the (24, 0)
X′ X
O 23 ,
area shown in the figure given below 0 (2)
2 x+3y=24
Y
2x+y=23
+4
√3x Y′
y=
Clearly, the shaded region is the feasible region. (1)
x=4
Corner point Z = 4 x + 3y
(0, 0) 4× 0 + 3× 0 = 0
X′ X (9, 5) 4 × 9 + 3 × 5 = 51
O 1 2 3 4
(0, 8) 0 + 24 = 24
Y′ (1)  23  46 + 0 = 46
 , 0
∴ Required area = ∫
4
y dx 2 
0
4 4 Clearly, Z is maximum at (9, 5), i.e. 9 tins of A and 5 tins
= ∫ ( 3 x + 4 )dx = ∫ (3 x + 4)1/ 2 dx of B should be manufacture to get maximum profit. (2)
0 0


→ →
29. Clearly, the position vector of A, B and C be BC ⋅ BA
→ →
∴ cos B =
→ →
OA = 2 i$ − $j + k$, OB = i$ − 3 $j − 5k$ and | BC || BA| (1/2)
→
OC = 3i$ − 4 $j − 4k$, respectively. (2 i$ − $j + k$ )⋅ (i$ + 2 $j + 6k$ )
=
→ → → 2 2 + (− 1)2 + (1)2 12 + 2 2 + 62
Now, AB = OB − OA = (i$ − 3 $j − 5k$ ) − (2 i$ − $j + k$ )
→ →
= − i$ − 2 $j − 6k$ [Q BA = − AB = i$ + 2 $j + 6k$ ]
→ → → 2 × 1 + (− 1) × 2 + 1 × 6 6 6
BC = OC − OB = (3i$ − 4 $j − 4k$ ) − (i$ − 3 $j − 5k$ ) = = =
6 × 41 6 41 41
= 2 i$ − $j + k$ 6
→ → → ⇒ B = cos −1
and CA = OA − OC = (2 i$ − $j + k$ ) − (3i$ − 4 $j − 4k$ ) 41
35 6
= − i$ + 3 $j + 5k$ (1½) Hence, A = cos −1 and B = cos −1 .
→ → → 41 41 (1)
⇒ AB + BC + CA = (− i − 2 j − 6k ) + (2 i − j + k$ )
$ $ $ $ $
Or
+ (− i$ + 3 $j + 5k$ ) → → →
Given,| a | = | b | = | c | = d (say) …(i)
→
=0 → → → → → →
b
and a ⋅ b = b ⋅ c = c ⋅ a = 0
So, A, B, C are the vertices of a triangle. (1/2) → → →
ita
→ → [Q a, b, c are mutually perpendicular to each other]
Also, BC ⋅ CA = (2 i$ − $j + k$ ) ⋅ (− i$ + 3 $j + 5k$ )
…(ii) (i)
= −2 − 3+ 5= 0 → → → 2 → → → → → →
→ → Consider,| a + b + c | = ( a + b + c )⋅ ( a + b + c )
yK
∴ BC ⊥ CA and therefore ∠C = 90 °. → → → → → → → → → → → →
= a⋅ a + a⋅ b + a⋅c + b⋅ a + b⋅ b + b⋅c
Thus, ∆ABC is a right angled at C. (1)
→ → → → → → → →
Now, as ∠A is the angle between AB and AC. + c ⋅ a + c ⋅ b + c ⋅ c (1)
yM
→ → →
A(2, –1, 1) = | a|2 + | b|2 + | c |2
→ → → → → → → → → → → →
[Q a ⋅ b = b ⋅ a = c ⋅ a = a ⋅ c = b ⋅ c = c ⋅ b = 0 ]
= 3d 2 [using Eq. (i)]
op
→ → →
⇒ | a + b + c| = 3 d …(iii) (1)
→ → → → → →
Now, let ( a + b + c ) makes angle θ1, θ 2 , θ 3 with a, b, c
C
B(1, –3, –5) C(3, –4, –4)

(1/2) respectively.
→ →
→ → → →
AB ⋅ AC ( a + b + c )⋅ a
∴ cos A = → → Then, cos θ1 =
→ → → →
| AB|| AC| | a + b + c|⋅| a| (1)
→ → → → → →
(− i$ − 2 $j − 6k$ )⋅ (i$ − 3 $j − 5k$ ) a⋅ a + b⋅ a + c ⋅ a
= = [using Eq. (iii)]
(− 1)2 + (− 2 )2 + (− 6)2 (1)2 + (− 3)2 + (− 5)2 ( 3 d )⋅ d
→ → →
[Q AC = − CA = i$ − 3 $j − 5k$ ] | a|2 + 0 + 0 d2 1
= = =
3d2 3d 2
3
{(− 1) × (1) + (− 2 ) × (− 3) + (− 6) × (− 5)}
= 1
41 35 ⇒ θ1 = cos −1
3 (1)
35 35 1 1
= = Similarly, θ 2 = cos −1
and θ 3 = cos −1
35 41 41 3 3
35 −1  1 
⇒ A = cos −1 ∴ θ1 = θ 2 = θ 3 = cos  
41 (1)  3
→ → → → → → → →
Further, ∠B is the angle between BC and BA. Hence, ( a + b + c ) is equally inclined to a, b, c . (1)

SOLUTIONS
  3 π  5. We have, sin y = x sin(a + y )
1. Clearly, cos cos − 1  −  + 
  2  6 sin y
⇒ x= (1/2)
  3 π  sin(a + y )
= cos π − cos − 1   + 
  2  6 Now, differentiating both sides w.r.t. y, we get
−1
[Q cos (− x ) = π − cos −1
x ] (1/2) dx sin(a + y )⋅ cos y − sin y cos(a + y )
=
dy sin 2 (a + y )
  π π 
= cos π − cos − 1 cos  +  dx sin(a + y − y )
  6 6 ⇒ = (1)
π π
dy sin 2 (a + y )

= cos π − + 
 6 6 [Qsin( A − B) = sin A cos B − cos A sin B]
= cos π = − 1 (1/2) dx sin a
⇒ =
dy sin 2 (a + y )
Or
  1  dy sin 2 (a + y )
We have, tan −1 2 cos 2 sin −1   ⇒ =
b
Hence proved. (1/2)
  2  dx sin a
 π  4 3
ita
 6. Let r be the radius andV be its volume. Then,V = πr .
= tan −1 2 cos 2 ×   3
  6 
π Again, let ∆r be the error in r and ∆V be the

= tan −1 2 cos  corresponding error in V.
yK
 3
∆r
 1 Then, × 100 = k [given] …(i) (1/2)
= tan −1 2 ×  r
 2
∆V
π We have to find × 100
yM
= tan −1 1= (1) V
4
4 dV
Here, V = πr 3 and we know ∆V = ⋅ ∆r (1/2)
2. Given, * is a binary operation defined by 3 dr
a* b = a + b − 2 ∴ ∆V = 4πr 2 ⋅ ∆r
op
Let e be the identity element for *. Then, we have ∆V 4πr 2 3

a * e = a = e * a, ∀a ∈ R (1/2) ⇒ = ∆r = ∆r
V 4 3 r
πr
⇒ a+ e −2 = a=e + a−2 3
C
⇒ a+ e −2 = a ∆V ∆r
⇒ × 100 = 3 × 100 = 3k
⇒ e = 2 ∈R V r
So, e = 2 is the identity element for *. (1/2) So, there is 3k % error in calculating the volume of the
r r sphere. (1)
3. Here, a = 2 i$ + $j − k$, n = i$ − 2 $j + 4k$ and d = 9. π /2 tan 7 x
r r 7. Let I=∫ dx …(i)
|(a ⋅ n ) − d | 0 cot 7 x + tan 7 x
Now, required distance = r (1/2)
| n| π /2 tan 7(π / 2 − x )
|(2 ⋅ 1 + 1⋅ (− 2 ) + (− 1)⋅ 4) − 9| =∫
= 0 cot (π / 2 − x ) + tan 7(π / 2 − x )
7
12 + (− 2 )2 + (4)2
π /2 cot 7 x
− 4− 9 13 =∫ …(ii) (1)
= = (1/2) 0 tan 7 x + cot 7 x
21 21
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
2x 3 16 3
4. Consider = π /2 tan 7 x + cot 7 x
5 x 5 2 2I = ∫ dx
0 tan 7 x + cot 7 x
⇒ 2 x 2 − 15 = 32 − 15
π /2 π
⇒ 2 x 2 = 32 =∫ dx = [ x ]π0 / 2 =
0 2
⇒ x 2 = 16 π
⇒ I= (1)
⇒ x=4 [Q x > 0 ] (1) 4


Or =0
 2 − x = RHS (1)
Let f ( x ) = log  
 2 + x
−1
10. Let A = [aij ] be any skew-symmetric matrix. Then,
 2 + x  2 − x
Then, f (− x ) = log   = log   aij = − aij, ∀ i , j
 2 − x  2 + x
⇒ aii = − aii [Qfor diagonal elements, i = j ] (1)
 2 − x
= − log   = −f ( x )
 2 + x ⇒ 2 aii = 0
∴ f ( x ) is an odd function of x. (1) ⇒ aii = 0, ∀ i
1  2 − x Thus, the elements along the main diagonal of a
∴ ∫−1 log  2 + x  dx = 0 skew-symmetric matrix are all zero. Hence proved.
a (1)
[Q ∫ f ( x )dx = 0, when f ( x ) is an odd function of x] (1)
−a 2 1 1
11. We have, P( A) = , P(B) = and P( A ∩ B) =
 x + 2, if x <1 5 3 5

8. We have, f ( x ) =  0, if x =1 P( A ∩ B ) P( A ∪ B)
 x − 2, if Consider P( A / B ) = =
 x >1 P(B ) P(B )
Clearly, for x > 1and x < 1, f ( x ) is a polynomial function. 1 − P( A ∪ B)
= (1)
b
∴ f ( x ) is continuous when x ∈ (− ∞, 1) ∪ (1, ∞ ) (1) 1 − P(B)
1 − [P( A) + P(B) − P( A ∩ B)]
ita
Now, let us check the continuity at x = 1. =
1 − P(B)
Here, LHL = lim f ( x ) = lim x + 2
x → 1− x → 1− 2 1 1   1 1
1−  + −  1−  + 
= lim (1 − h + 2 ) = 3  =  5 3
yK
5 3 5
h→ 0 =
1 − 1/ 3 2/ 3
and RHL = lim f ( x ) = lim x − 2
x → 1+ x → 1+ 8
1−
= lim (1 + h − 2 ) = −1 15 7 / 15 7 3
= = = ×
yM
h→ 0
2/ 3 2 / 3 15 2
Q LHL ≠ RHL
7
∴ f ( x ) is not continuous at x = 1. = (1)
10
Thus, x = 1is the only point of discontinuity. (1) r r r r r
We have,| a + b | = 60,| a − b | = 40 and| a | = 22.
op
12.
 2x  r r r r r r
9. Consider, tan − 1 x + tan − 1   Consider,| a + b |2 = (a + b ) (a + b )
1− x 
2
r r r r
 2x  = | a |2 + | b|2 + 2 a ⋅ b …(i)
 x+
C
 r r 2 r r r r
− 1 1 − x2  and| a − b | = ( a − b ) (a − b )
= tan (1)
 2x  r r r
 1 − x ⋅ 1 − x2 
r
  =| a| + | b | − 2 a ⋅ b …(ii) (1)
  On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get

−1 −1 − 1 x + y  r r r r r
Q tan x + tan y = tan   , if xy < 1 r
| a + b |2 + | a − b |2 = 2(| a |2 + | b |2 )
  1 − xy   r
 x − x3 + 2 x  ⇒ 3600 + 1600 = 2(484 + | b |2
= tan − 1   r
1− x − 2x 
2 2
⇒ 5200 = 2(484 + | b |2 )
r
 3x − x 3  ⇒ 2600 = 484 + | b |2
= tan − 1   Hence proved. (1) r
 1 − 3x 
2
⇒ | b |2 = 2116 = 462
Or r
⇒ | b | = 46 (1)
We have,
 ab + 1 −1  bc + 1 −1  ca + 1 Or
LHS = cot −1   + cot   + cot  
 a− b   b −c   c − a → → → →
Given that| a| = 26 and| b| = 7 and| a × b| = 3
 a− b  −1  b − c  −1  c − a 
= tan −1   + tan   + tan   (1) → →
 1 + ab  1 + bc   1 + ca ∴ | a × b| = 35
= (tan −1 a − tan −1 b) + (tan −1 b − tan −1 c ) → →
⇒ | a|| b|sin θ = 35
−1 −1
+ (tan c − tan a)

⇒ sin θ =
35
=
35
=
5 dv 1 + v 2
(1) ⇒ x = −v
→ →
| a|| b| 26 × 7 26 dx 2v
dv 1 + v 2 − 2 v 2
25 1 ⇒ x =
Now, cos θ = 1 − sin θ = 1 − = 2
dx 2v
26 26
dv 1 − v 2
→ → → → ⇒ x =
∴ a ⋅ b =| a|| b|cos θ dx 2v
1
= 26 × 7 × On separating the variables, we get
26
2v dx
=7 (1) dv = (1)
1 − v2 x
1  1 
13. Let I=∫ tan − 1  2  dx On integrating both sides, we get
0  x − x + 1
2v dx
=∫
1
tan − 1
x − ( x − 1) 
 dx
∫ 1 − v 2 dv = ∫ x
0  1 + x( x − 1)
− 2v dx
1
= ∫ [tan − 1 x − tan − 1( x − 1)]dx
⇒ ∫ 1 − v 2 dv = − ∫ x
0
=∫
1
tan − 1 xdx − ∫
1
tan − 1( x − 1)dx (1) ⇒ log| 1 − v 2 | = − log| x | + log C (1)
b
0 0
 f′ ( x) 
Q ∫ f ( x ) dx = log| f ( x )| + C 
1 1
=∫ tan − 1 x − ∫ tan − 1((1 − x ) − 1)dx
ita
0 0  
Q a f ( x ) dx = a f (a − x ) dx  x2 − y2  y
 ∫0 ∫0 ⇒ log = − log| x | + log C Q v = x 
 x2
yK
1 1
=∫ tan − 1 x − ∫ tan − 1(− x ) dx x2 − y2
0 0
⇒ log ⋅ x = log C
1 1 x2
=∫ tan − 1 x + ∫ tan − 1 dx
0 0
yM
[Q tan −1(− x ) = − tan −1 x ] x2 − y2

⇒ =C
1
x
= 2∫ tan − 1 x ⋅ 1 dx (1) ⇒ x 2 − y 2 = Cx Hence proved. (1)
0
1
  Or
op
1
= 2 tan − 1 x ⋅ x − ∫ x ⋅ dx 
 1+ x 2
0 We have, ( x 2 − yx 2 ) dy + ( y 2 + x 2 y 2 ) dx = 0
1 2x ⇒ x 2 (1 − y ) dy + y 2 (1 + x 2 ) dx = 0 (1)
= 2{[ x ⋅ tan − 1 x ]10 } − ∫ dx (1)
0 1 + x2
C
⇒ x (1 − y ) dy = − y (1 + x )dx
2 2 2
−1
= 2 [tan (1) − 0 ] − [log|1 + x 2|]10 On separating the variables, we get
 f′ ( x)  (1 − y ) (1 + x 2 )
Q ∫ f ( x ) dx = log| f ( x )| + C  2
dy = −
x2
dx
  y
π   1 1  1 
= 2   − [log 2 − log 1] ⇒  2 −  dy = −  2 + 1 dx (1)
 4 y y x 
π
= − log 2 [Q log 1 = 0 ] (1) On integrating both sides, we get
2
 1 1  1 
14. We have,
dy x 2 + y 2
= , which is a homogeneous
∫  y 2 −  dy = − ∫  2 + 1 dx
y x 
dx 2 xy
 1   1 
differential equation. (1/2) ⇒  − − log| y | = −  − + x + C (1)
 y   x 
dy dv
On putting y = vx and = v + x , we get 1 1
dx dx ⇒ + log| y | = − + x + C
y x
dv x + v x 2
1+ v 2 2 2
v+ x = 2
= (1/2) 1 1
dx 2 vx 2v ⇒ + + log| y | = x + C,
x y
dv 1 + v 2
⇒ v+ x = which is the required solution. (1)
dx 2v


12 × 11
15. Equation of line through the points (3, − 4, − 5) and =
12 × 11 + 3 × 13 × 12
(2, − 3, 1) is
x−3 y+4 z+5 11 11
= = = = (1)
2 − 3 − 3 + 4 1+ 5 11 + 39 50
x−3 y+4 z+5 17. Let A be the event that there is atleast one girl in the
⇒ = = = λ (say) (1)
−1 1 6 committee of 4 students and B be the event that there
⇒ x = − λ + 3, y = λ − 4, z = 6λ − 5 are exactly two girls in the committee of 4 students.
Then,
Thus, any point on the line is of the form
C1 × 8C3 + 4C2 × 8C2 + 4C3 × 8C1 + 4C4 × 8C0
4
(− λ + 3, λ − 4, 6λ − 5) . (1/2) P( A) = 12
C4 (1)
Let the coordinates of point P where the line crosses 8×7 × 6 4× 3 8×7 4× 3×2
the plane be P(3 − λ , λ − 4, 6λ − 5) (1/2) 4× + × + × 8+ 1
3×2 ×1 2 ×1 2 ×1 3×2 ×1
= 12
Now, the equation of plane passing through (2, 2, 1), C4
(3, 0, 1) and (4, − 1, 0 ) is given by 224 + 168 + 32 + 1
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1 = 12
C4
x2 − x1 y2 − y1 z2 − z1 = 0
425
=
b
x3 − x1 y3 − y1 z3 − z1 12
(1/2)
C4
x −2 y −2 z −1 4× 3× 8×7
ita
⇒ 1 −2 0 =0 (1) C2 × 8C2
4
2 × 1× 2 × 1 168
P(B) = = = 12 (1)
2 −3 −1 12
C4 12
C4 C4
yK
⇒ ( x − 2 ) (2 ) − ( y − 2 ) (− 1) + ( z − 1) (− 3 + 4) = 0 168
and P( A ∩ B) = P(B) = 12
(1/2)
⇒ 2x − 4 + y − 2 + z − 1= 0 C4
⇒ 2x + y + z = 7 (1/2) P( A ∩ B)
Now, required probability = P(B / A) =
yM
Since, P lies on the plane. P( A)

168
∴ 2 (3 − λ ) + λ − 4 + 6λ − 5 = 7
12
C4 168
⇒ 6 − 2 λ + λ − 4 + 6λ − 5 = 7 = = (1/2)
425 425
⇒ 5λ − 3 = 7
op
12
C4
⇒ 5λ = 10
The value highlighted in the above case is women
⇒ λ =2
employment. (1)
Thus, the coordinates of required point are (1, − 2, 7 ).
C
(1/2) 1 1 − 1  1 3
18. We have, A = 2 0 3 , B =  0 2 
16. Let E1 be the event that missing card is a club card,    
3 − 1 2  − 1 4
E2 be the even that missing card is not a club card
and A be the event of drawing two club cards from the 1 2 3 − 4
and C= 
remaining cards. 2 0 − 2 1 
13 1 39 3 1 1 − 1  1 3
Then, P(E1 ) = = ; P(E2 ) = =
52 4 54 4 Clearly, AB = 2 0 3  0 2
12 13    
C2 C2 3 − 1 2  3 × 3 − 1 4 3 × 2
P( A / E1 ) = 51
; P( A / E2 ) = 51
(2)
C2 C2
2 1
= − 1 18
Now, by Baye’s theorem,
(1)
Required probability = P(E1 / A)  
 1 15
P(E1 )⋅ P( A / E1 )
= (1) 1 3
P(E1 )⋅ P( A / E2 ) + P(E2 )⋅ P( A / E2 ) 1 2 3 − 4
BC =  0 2 2 0 − 2 1 
1 12 C2    2 × 4
⋅ 12 − 1 4 3 × 2
4 51C2 C2
= = − 3 − 1
1 12
C2 3 13
C2 12
C2 + 3 ⋅13 C2 7 2
⋅ 51
+ ⋅ 51 = 4 0 −4 2  (1)
4 C2 4 C2  
7 − 2 − 11 8 

1 1 − 1 7 2 − 3 − 1  0 1/ 2 5 / 2
∴ A(BC ) = 2 0 3 4 0 −4 2  and 
Q = − 1/ 2
T
0 − 3 = −Q
     
3 − 1 2  3 × 3 7 − 2 − 11 8  3 × 4 − 5 / 2 3 0 
4 4 4 − 7 Thus, P is symmetric and Q is skew-symmetric. (1)

= 35 − 2 − 39 22  …(i) (1)  2 − 3 / 2 − 3 / 2
 
 31 2 − 27 11  3 × 4 Also, P + Q = − 3 / 2 3 1 
 
− 3 / 2 1 − 3 
2 1
1 2 3 − 4 − 1/ 2 − 5 / 2

and ( AB) C = − 1 18   0
  2 0 − 2 1  + 1 / 2 0 3 
 1 15  
5 / 2 −3 0 
4 4 4 − 7
= 35 − 2 − 39 22 
 …(ii) (1/2)  2 − 2 − 4
  = − 1 3 4 =B
 31 2 − 27 11   
 1 − 2 − 3
Thus, we have expressed B as the sum of a symmetric
( AB)C = A(BC ) Hence proved. (1/2) and a skew-symmetric matrix. (1)
b
2x + 3
2
Or 19. Let I = ∫ 2 dx
x + 5x + 3
ita
 2 − 2 − 4
2 x 2 + 10 x + 6 − 10 x − 6 + 3
We have a matrix B = − 1 3 4 =∫ dx
  x 2 + 5x + 3
 1 − 2 − 3
yK
2( x 2 + 5 x + 3) − 10 x − 3
 2 −1 1  =∫ dx (1)
x 2 + 5x + 3
⇒ B = − 2 3 − 2 
T
(1/2)
  10 x + 3
− 4 4 − 3 = 2 ∫ dx − ∫ dx
yM
x + 5x + 3
2
 2 − 2 − 4  2 − 1 1  = I1 − I2 (say) …(i) (1/2)

Now, B + BT = − 1 3 4  + − 2 3 − 2 
    Consider, I1 = 2 ∫ dx = 2 x + C1 (1/2)
 1 − 2 − 3 − 4 4 − 3
op
10 x + 3
 4 − 3 − 3 Now, consider I2 = ∫ dx
x + 5x + 3
2
= − 3 6 2  (1/2)
  Put 10 x + 3 = A(2 x + 5) + B
− 3 2 − 6
C
⇒ 10 x + 3 = 2 A x + (5 A + B)
 2 − 2 − 4  2 − 1 1  On equating the coefficient of x and the constant term,
and B − BT = − 1 3 4  − − 2 3 − 2  we get
   
 1 − 2 − 3 − 4 4 − 3 2 A = 10 and 5 A + B = 3
0 − 1 − 5 ⇒ A = 5 and B = − 22 (1/2)
= 1 0 6 (1/2) Thus, I2 = 5∫ 2
2x + 5
dx − 22 ∫ 2
dx
 
 5 − 6 0  x + 5x + 3 x + 5x + 3
= 5 log| x 2 + 5 x + 3|
 2 − 3 / 2 − 3 / 2
P = (B + BT ) = − 3 / 2 1 
1 dx
Let

3
 − 22 ∫ (1/2)
2 5  5
2
 5
2
− 3 / 2 1 − 3  x2 + 2 ⋅ x +   + 3−  
2  2  2
 0 − 1/ 2 − 5 / 2
dx
and
1 
Q = (B − B ) = 1 / 2
T
0 3  (1/2) = 5 log| x 2 + 5 x + 3| − 22 ∫
2    5
2
25
5 / 2 −3 0  x +  + 3−
 2 4
 1 − 3 / 2 − 3 / 2 dx
= 5 log| x 2 + 5 x + 3| − 22 ∫
Then, PT = − 3 / 2 3 1 =P  5  13 
2 2
 
− 3 / 2 − 3  x +  −  
1  2  2 


13 Equation of tangent to the curve at (h, k ) is
x + 5/ 2 −
22 2 ( y − k ) = (12 h 2 − 10 h 4 ) ( x − h ) (1)
= 5 log| x + 5 x + 3| −
2
log +C
13 13
x + 5/ 2 + Since, it passes through (0, 0), therefore
2
− k = (12 h 2 − 10 h 4 ) (− h )
22 2 x + 5 − 13
= 5 log| x + 5 x + 3| −
2
log + C2 ⇒ k = 2 h 3 (6 − 5h 2 ) …(i) (1/2)
13 2 x + 5 + 13
Now, as (h, k ) lies on the curve therefore,
we have
I = 2 x − 5 log| x 2 + 5 x + 3|
k = 4h 3 − 2 h 5 …(ii) (1/2)
22 2 x + 5 − 13
+ log +C From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
3 2 x + 5 + 13
2 h 3 (6 − 5h 2 ) = 4h 3 − 2 h 5
where, C = C1 − C2 (1)
⇒ 2 h 3 (6 − 5h 2 ) = 2 h 3 (2 − h 2 )
Or
⇒ 2 h 3 (6 − 5h 2 − 2 + h 2 ) = 0
xe x
Let I=∫ dx ⇒ 2 h 3 (4 − 4h 2 ) = 0
(1 + x )2
e x (1 + x − 1) ⇒ h = 0 or h = ± 1
=∫
b
dx
(1 + x )2 When h = 0, then k = 0 [from Eq. (ii)]
When h = 1, then k = 2
ita
 1 1 
= ∫ e x −  dx (1)
 1 + x (1 + x )2  When h = − 1, then k = − 2
Thus, the required points are (0, 0) (1, 2) and (− 1, − 2 ).
ex ex
=∫ dx − ∫
yK
dx (1)
1+ x (1 + x )2
1  −1  ex 22. We have, y = ( x + 1 + x 2 )n
= ⋅e x − ∫ e x ⋅   dx − ∫ (1 + x )2 dx(1)
1+ x  (1 + x )2  On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
yM
e x
e x
e x  
1 + x ∫ (1 + x )2
= + dx − ∫ dx (1) dy
= n( x + 1 + x 2 )n − 1 1 +
1
⋅ 2 x
(1 + x )2 dx  2 1 + x2 
 
ex
= +C (1) ( 1 + x2 + x)
op
1+ x = n( x + 1 + x 2 )n − 1 (1)
r r r r r r 1 + x2
20. Consider a ⋅ {(b + c ) × (a + 2 b + 3 c )}
r r r r r r r r r r dy
= a ⋅ {(b + c ) × a + (b + c ) × 2 b + (b + c ) × 3 c } (1) ⇒ 1 + x2 = n ( x + 1 + x 2 )n
C
dx
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
= a ⋅ { b × a + c × a + b × 2 b + c × 2 b + b × 3c + c × 3 c } ⇒ 1 + x2
dy
= ny (1)
r r r r r r r r r r r dx
= a ⋅ { b × a + c × a + 0 + 2 (c × b ) + 3 (b × c ) + 0}
r r r On squaring both sides, we get
[Q x × x = 0 ] (1) 2
 dy 
r r r r r r r r r (1 + x 2 )   = n 2 y 2 (1/2)
= a ⋅ { b × a + c × a + 2(c × b ) + 3(b × c )}  dx 
r r r r r r r r r r r r
= a ⋅ (b × a ) + a ⋅ (c × a ) + 2 (a ⋅ (c × b )) + 3 (a ⋅ (b × c )) Again, on differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
2 2
(1)  dy  d y  dy  dy
(1 + x 2 ) 2   +   ⋅ 2 x = n2 2 y ⋅ (1)
r r r r r r  dx  dx 2  dx  dx
= 0 + 0 − 2 [a ⋅ (b × c )] + 3 [a ⋅ (b × c )]
r r r r r r dy
= a ⋅ (b × c ) = [a b c ] Hence proved. (1) On dividing both sides by 2 , we get
dx
21. Let (h, k ) be any point on the curve y = 4 x 3 − 2 x 5 such d 2y dy
(1 + x 2 ) + x⋅ = n2 y Hence proved. (1/2)
that tangent at(h, k )passes through (0, 0). (1/2) dx 2 dx
 dy   x x
 x
Clearly, slope of tangent at (h, k ) =   23. We have, 1 + e y  dx + e y 1 −  dy = 0
 dx  at ( h, k )    y
 
= [12 x 2 − 10 x 4 ] at ( h, k )  x
⇒ 1 + e y  dx = − e x / y 1 − x  dy
= 12 h − 10 h
2 4
   
(1/2)  y
 

 x = 2 (120 − 45) − 3 (− 80 − 30 ) + 10(36 + 36)

− e x / y 1 − 
dx  y = 150 + 330 + 720
⇒ = , which is a homogeneous
dy 1 + e x/ y = 1200 ≠ 0
differential equation. (1/2) ∴ A− 1 exists. (1/2)
dx dy Let c ij be the cofactors of aij. Then, we have the
On putting x = vy and = v + y , we get
dy dy following.
dv − e v(1 − v ) C11 = 75, C21 = 150, C31 = 75
v+ y = (1)
dy 1+ ev C22 = − 100, C32 = 30
C12 = 110,
dv − e v + ve v
⇒ y = −v C13 = 72, C23 = 0, C33 = − 24
dy 1+ ev
 75 150 75 
dv − e v + ve v − v − ve v
⇒ y = So, adj A = 110 − 100 30  (1½)
dy 1+ ev  
 72 0 − 24
dv − (v + e v )
⇒ y = (1)  75 150 75 
1+ ev 1 
110 − 100 30  (1)
dy −1 1
⇒ A = adj A =
On separating the variables, we get | A| 1200  
 72 0 − 24
b
1+ ev dy
dv = −  75 150 75  4
v + ev y 1 
110 − 100 30  1
ita
Clearly, X = A− 1B =
1200   
On integrating both sides, we get  72 0 − 24 2 
1+ ev dy u  300 + 150 + 150  600 
∫ v + e v dv = − ∫
yK
y  v  = 1  440 − 100 + 60  = 1 400 
  1200   1200  
⇒ log| v + e v | = − log| y | + log C w   288 + 0 − 48  240 
⇒ log| v + e v | + log| y | = log C (1) u  1 / 2 
yM
⇒ log| y(v + e )| = log C

v ⇒  v  = 1 / 3
   
w  1 / 5
⇒ y(v + e v ) = C
x   x ⇒ u = 1 / 2, v = 1 / 3 and w = 1 / 5
⇒ y  + e x/ y  = C Q v = y 
op
y  ⇒ x = 2, y = 3 and z = 5 (1)
 
⇒ x + ye x / y = C, which is the required solution. (1/2) 25. Let S = Q × Q, then we have is a binary operation on
S = Q × Q given by (a, b)* (c , d ) = (ac , b + ad ), ∀(a, b),
24.
C
Given system of equations is

(c , d ) ∈ S
2 3 10 4 6 5 6 9 20
+ + = 4, − + = 1, + − =2
x y z x y z x y z Commutativity Let (a, b), (c , d ) ∈ S be any arbitrary
1 1 1 elements.
Let = u , = v and = w. Then, above system of
x y z Then, (a, b)* (c , d ) = (ac , b + ad )
equations can be written as and (c , d )* (a, b) = (ca, d + bd )
2 u + 3v + 10 w = 4 Q (a, b)* (c , d ) ≠ (c , d )* (a, b)
4 u − 6v + 5w = 1 ∴ * is not commutative. (1)
and 6 u + 9v − 20 w = 2 (1) Associativity Let (a, b), (c , d ), (e , f ) ∈ S be any arbitrary
This system of equations can be written in matrix form elements.
as AX = B, where Then, [(a, b) * (c , d )]* (e , f ) = (ac , b + ad ) * (e , f )
2 3 10  u  4 = (ace , b + ad + acf )
A = 4 − 6 5 , X =  v  and B = 1 (1) and (a, b) * [(c , d ) * (e , f )] = (a, b) * (ce , d + cf )
     
 6 9 − 20   
w  
2
= [ace , b + a(d + cf )]
Now, let us find A− 1 (if exist). = (ace , b + ad + acf )
2 3 10 Q [(a, b) * (c , d )] * (e , f ) = (a, b) * ((c , d ) * (e , f ))
Here,| A| = 4 − 6 5 ∴ * is associative. (1)
6 9 − 20


Existence of identity element Now, let (e , f ) be the Q x1, x2 and x3 were arbitrary.
identity element in S. So, * is associative. (1/2)
Then, (a, b)* (e , f ) = (a, b) = (e , f )* (a, b), ∀(a, b) ∈ S Existence of identity element Now, let e ∈ X be an
⇒ (ae , b + af ) = (a, b) = (ea, f + eb) (1) identity element of X, i.e.
⇒ ae = a; b + af = b and a = ea; b = f + eb x * e = x = e * x, ∀ x ∈ X
⇒ e = 1and f = 0 Consider, x * e = x
Also, (1, 0) ∈ Q × Q = S ⇒ x + e + xe = x ⇒ e + ex = 0
So, (1, 0) is the identity element in S. (1) ⇒ e (1 + x ) = 0 ⇒ e =0 [Q x ≠ −1]
Existence of inverse Let (a, b) ∈S be the invertible Similarly, e * x = x ⇒ e =0
element. Then, there exists (c,d ) ∈S such that Thus, e = 0 ∈ X is an identity element for X. (1)
(a, b)* (c , d ) = (1, 0 ) = (c , d )* (a, b) Existence of inverse Let x ∈ X be any arbitrary
⇒ (ac , b + ad ) = (1, 0 ) = (ca, d + cb) (1) element. Now, if possible, let y ∈ X be the inverse of x,
⇒ ac = 1; b + ad = 0 i.e. x* y =0 = y* x
and 1 = ca; 0 = d + cb Now, x * y = 0 ⇒ x + y + xy = 0
1 b x
⇒ c = and d = − , if a ≠ 0 ⇒ y (1+ x ) = − x ⇒ y = − ∈X (1/2)
a a 1+ x
 −x
b
Thus, (a, b) is an invertible element of S, if a ≠ 0 and in 
 1 − b Q 1 + x = −1 ⇒ − x = −1 − x ⇒ 0 = −1, (not true)
such a case the inverse of (a, b) is  , . (1)  −x 
ita
a a  ∴ ≠ −1 
 1+ x 
Or −x
We have, * is a binary operation defined on the set Thus, for each x ∈ X, there exist y = ∈ X,
1+ x
yK
X = R − { −1} given by x * y = x + y + xy, ∀ x, y ∈ X. such that x * y = 0 = y * x
Commutative Let x1, x2 ∈ X be any arbitrary elements. −x
Hence, inverse of x ∈ X is . (1)
To verify, x1 * x2 = x2 * x1 1+ x
yM
Consider, x1 * x2 = x1 + x2 + x1 x2 26. Given equation of planes are

r
= x2 + x1 + x2 x1 r ⋅ (2 i$ + 6 $j ) + 12 = 0 …(i)
r
[Qusual addition and multiplication is commutative and r ⋅ (3i$ − $j + 4k$ ) = 0 …(ii)
op
on the set of real numbers]

Now, the equation of plane through the intersection of
= x2 * x1
the planes (i) and (ii) is
Q x1, x2 ∈ X were arbitrary. r r
[r ⋅ (2 i$ + 6 $j ) + 12 ] + λ[r ⋅ (3 i$ − $j + 4k$ )] = 0 (1)
So, * is commutative. (1)
C
r
Associative Let x1, x2 , x3 ∈ X be any arbitrary ⇒ r ⋅ [(2 + 3λ ) i$ + (6 − λ )$j + 4λk$ ] + 12 = 0 …(iii)
elements. Consider, or (2 + 3λ )x + (6 − λ )y + 4λz + 12 = 0 …(iv) (1/2)
x1 * ( x2 * x3 ) = x1 * ( x2 + x3 + x2 x3 )
Since, the distance of this plane from the origin is 1.
= x1 + x2 + x3 + x2 x3 + x1( x2 + x3 + x2 x3 )
(2 + 3λ ) ⋅ 0 + (6 − λ )⋅ 0 + 4λ ⋅ 0 + 12
= x1 + x2 + x3 + x2 x3 + x1 x2 + x1 x3 + x1 x2 x3 …(i) ∴ = 1 (1)
(1) (2 + 3λ )2 + (6 − λ )2 + (4λ )2
12
[Qusual multiplication is distributive over usual ⇒ =1
addition on the set of real numbers] 4 + 9λ + 12 λ + 36 + λ2 − 12 λ + 16λ2
2
Now, consider ( x1 * x2 ) * x3 = ( x1 + x2 + x1 x2 ) * x3 12
⇒ =1
= x1 + x2 + x1 x2 + x3 + ( x1 + x2 + x1 x2 )x3 26λ2 + 40
= x1 + x2 + x1 x2 + x3 + x1 x3 + x2 x3 + x1 x2 x3 ⇒ 144 = 26λ2 + 40 (1)
[Qusual multiplication is distributive over addition on ⇒ 26λ2 = 104
the set of real numbers] ⇒ λ2 = 4
= x1 + x2 + x3 + x2 x3 + x1 x2 + x1 x3 + x1 x2 x3 ...(ii)
⇒ λ=±2 (1/2)
[Qusual addition is commutative on the
When λ = 2, then the equation of plane is
set of real numbers] (1) r
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get Vector form r ⋅ (8i$ + 4 $j + 8k$ ) + 12 = 0
r
x1 * ( x2 * x3 ) = ( x1 * x2 ) * x3 ⇒ r ⋅ (2 i$ + $j + 2 k$ ) + 3 = 0

Cartesian form 8 x + 4 y + 8 z + 12 = 0 Hence, required distance,

3
⇒ 2x + y + 2z + 3 = 0 (1) 5 
PQ = (4 + 2 )2 +  − 3 + (2 + 4)2
When λ = − 2, then equation of plane is 2 
r 1
Vector form r ⋅ (− 4 i$ + 8 $j − 8k$ ) + 12 = 0 = 36 + + 36
r 4
⇒ r ⋅ (i$ − 2 $j + 2 k$ ) = 0
1
= 72 +
Cartesian form − 4 x + 8 y − 8 z + 12 = 0 4
⇒ x − 2y + 2z − 3 = 0 (1) 289 17
= = (1)
4 2
Or
Given equation of line is 27. Let r be the radius and h be the height of cone.
x + 2 2 y + 3 3z + 4 Also, let H be the height of cylinder.
= = …(i)
3 4 5 O
Given
Line α
Q N x Q
b
P(–2, 3, –4)
h
ita
Plane H
r
yK
L P
and the equation of plane is M
4 x + 12 y − 3 z + 1 = 0 …(ii) Then, H = h − x cot α …(i) (1)

x + 2 2 y + 3 3z + 4
= = =λ  
yM
Let (1/2) ON ON
3 4 5 Qin ∆ONQ, cot α = NQ = x ⇒ ON = x cot α 
4λ − 3 5λ − 4
⇒ x = 3λ − 2; y = ;z= 1
2 3 p = πr 2 h [here p, r and h are constants]
3
op
Thus, any point on the line (i) is of the form and q = πx 2 H

 4λ − 3 5λ − 4 = πx 2 (h − x cot α )
 3λ − 2; ,  (1)
 2 3 
= π ( x 2 h − x 3 cot α ) …(i) (1)
C
Let the coordinates of point Q, where the line through

dq
the point P(− 2, 3, − 4) and parallel to the plane, cut the Now, = π (2 xh − 3 x 2 cot α )
dx
 4λ − 3 5λ − 4 dq
line (i) be Q  3λ − 2, ,  (1/2) Put =0
 2 3  dx
Then, DR’s of PQ are ⇒ 2 x h − 3 x 2 cot α = 0
4λ − 3 5λ − 4 ⇒ x(2 h − 3 x cot α ) = 0
3λ − 2 + 2, − 3; +4
2 3 2h 2h
⇒ x= = tan α [Q x ≠ 0 ] (1)
4λ − 9 5λ + 8 3 cot α 3
i.e. 3λ; ; (1)
2 3 d 2q
Now, = π (2 h − 6 x cot α )
Since, PQ is parallel to the plane (ii). dx 2
 4λ − 9  5λ + 8 2h
∴ (3λ )⋅ 4 + 12   − 3  =0 (1) When x = tan α, then
 2   3  3
⇒ 12 λ + 24λ − 54 − 5λ − 8 = 0 d 2q  2h 
= π 2 h − 6 ⋅ tan α ⋅ cot α 
⇒ 31λ = 62 dx 2  3 
⇒ λ =2 (1/2) = π [2 h − 4h ] = − 2 πh < 0
 5  2h
Thus, the coordinates of point Q are  4, , 2 (1/2) ∴ q is maximum when x = tan α. (1)
 2  3


Now, maximum volume of cylinder, 1 2 4 S 2 − 2 πSr 2 + π 2 r 4 − π 2 r 4 
⇒ V2 = π r  
 4h 2
8h 3  9  π 2r 2 
q = π tan 2 x ⋅ h − tan 3 α ⋅ cot α 
 9 27  1 2 2
⇒ V = r [S − 2 πSr ]
2 2
[using Eq. (i)] 9
 4h 3 8h 3  1
= π tan 2 α − tan 2 α  ⇒ V 2 = [S 2 r 2 − 2 πSr 4 ] …(iv)
9
 9 27 
Let V 2 = f (r ), then f (r ) is maximum or minimum,
 4h 3 
= π tan 2 α  (1/2) accordingly as volume (V) is maximum or minimum. (1)
 27  1
Now, f (r ) = (S 2 r 2 − 2 πSr 4 )
Now, as ∆ONQ ~ ∆OLP 9
ON NQ On differentiating both sides w.r.t. r, we get
∴ = 1
OL LP f ′ (r ) = (2S 2 r − 8πSr 3 ) ...(v)
x cot α x 9
⇒ = For maximum or minimum value put f ′(r ) = 0
h r
1
⇒ r=
h
= h tan α (1) ⇒ (2S 2 r − 8π Sr 3 ) = 0
cot α 9
⇒ 2Sr (S − 4πr 2 ) = 0
b
1 1
∴ p = πh 2 tan 2 α ⋅ h = πh 3 tan 2 α
3 3 ⇒ 2Sr = 0 and S − 4πr 2 = 0 ⇒ S ≠ 0
ita
1 3
πh tan α 2
∴ r = 0 and S − 4πr 2 = 0
p 9
Now, = 3 = (1/2)
4 3 ⇒ r =0 and S = 4πr 2
q h tan 2 α 4 (1)
27 π
yK
Since, r = 0 is not possible.
Or S
∴ S = 4πr 2 ⇒ r 2 =
Let radius of cone = r, Height of cone = h , 4π
Slant height of cone = l, Semi-vertical angle = α, S
yM
⇒ r= [Qradius cannot be negative]

Surface area = S and volume of cone, 4π
1
V = πr 2 h ...(i) (1) Again, differentiating both sides of Eq. (v) w.r.t. r,
3 we get
B
op
1
α f ′′(r ) = (2S 2 − 24 πSr 2 )
9
l S 1 2 S 
h At r = , [f ′′(r )] = 2S − 24πS ⋅ 
C
4π r=
S
9  4π 
4π
O 1 −4 2
A r =
[2S 2 − 6S 2 ] = S <0
9 9
On squaring both sides, we get S
∴ Volume of cone is maximum, when r = . (1½)
1 1 4π
V 2 = π 2 r 4 h 2 = π 2 r 4 ( l2 − r 2 ) ...(ii) Q S = 4πr 2
9 9
[Qin ∆AOB, using Pythagoras theorem, l2 = r 2 + h 2 ] On putting the value of S in Eq. (iii), we get
Given, surface area of cone, S = πrl + πr 2 4πr 2 − πr 2 3πr 2
l= = = 3r
⇒ πrl = S − πr 2 πr πr
r
S − πr 2 In ∆OBA, sin α =
⇒ l= …(iii) l
πr r 1
⇒ sin α = =
On putting the value of l in Eq. (ii), we get 3r 3
  S − πr 2  2   1
1
 ⇒ α = sin − 1  
V = π 2r 4
2
 − r2  3
9   πr  
   1
Hence, the semi-vertical angle of cone is sin − 1   .
1 S 2 − 2 πSr 2 + π 2 r 4   3
⇒ V 2 = π 2r 4  − r2 (1)
9  π r
2 2
 Hence proved. (1/2)

28. Given equation of curves are = 16π

x 2 + y 2 = 16 …(i)  8  1  1  
−2  + (0 + 8 sin − 1(1)) −  ⋅ 2 12 + 8 sin − 1    
and y 2 = 6x …(ii)  3  2  2   
Clearly, x + y = 16 represents a circle having centre

2 2 (1)
(0, 0) and radius 4, and y 2 = 6 x represent a parabola  8 π π
= 16π − 2  + 8⋅ − 2 3 − 8⋅ 
opening rightward and having vertex at (0, 0).  3 2 6
 2  π π 
Y = 16π − 2  + 8 −  
 3  2 6 
3)
2√ y2=6x 4 3  3π − π 
(2 , = 16π − − 16 
3  6 
x2+y2=16
4 3 π  2π  4 3
= 16π − − 16 = 16  −
B 3 3  3 3
X′ (4, 0) X
(0,–4) O (0,0)
A(2, 0) 32 π 4 3
= − sq units (1)
3 3
29.
b
Let company manufacture x dolls of type A and y dolls of
type B. Then, our problem is to maximize
ita
Z = 12 x + 16 y
Y′
(1) subject to constraints
Now, let us find the intersection of curves (i) and (ii). x + y ≤ 1200 …(i)
yK
On substituting y 2 = 6 x in Eq. (ii), we get x
y ≤ ⇒ x − 2y ≥ 0 …(ii)
x 2 + 6 x − 16 = 0 2
x ≤ 3 y + 600 or x − 3 y ≤ 600 …(iii)
⇒ x 2 + 8 x − 2 x − 16 = 0
yM
and x, y ≥ 0 (1)
⇒ x( x + 8) − 2( x + 8) = 0
Table for x + y = 1200 is
⇒ ( x + 8) ( x − 2 ) = 0
⇒ x = − 8, x = 2 x 0 1200
op
⇒ x =2 (1) y 1200 0
On putting x = 2 in Eq. (ii), we get For the pointO(0, 0 ), inequality x + y ≤ 1200 is satisfied.
y = 12
2 ∴The half plane represented by x + y ≤ 12 is towards
C
the origin. (1/2)

⇒ y=±2 3
Thus, the points of intersection are (2, 2 3 ), (2, − 2 3 ). Table for x − 2 y = 0 is
(1/2) x 0 400 800
∴ Required area = Area of shaded region y 0 200 400
= π(4)2 − 2 (Area of region OACO
For the point (400,1), inequality x − 2 y ≥ 0 is satisfied.
+ Area of region ABCA) ∴The half plane represented by x − 2 y ≥ 0 is towards
= 16π − 2 ∫ y(parabola )dx + ∫ y(circle )dx 
2 4
(1) the point (400,1). (1/2)
 0 2  Table for x − 3 y = 600 is
= 16 π − 2 ∫ 16 − x dx 
2 4
6 x dx + ∫ 2
(1/2)
 0 2  x 0 600
[Q x 2 + y 2 = 16 ⇒ y = ± 16 − x 2 , but y lies in first y − 200 0
quadrant; y = 16 − x 2 ] For the point (0, 0), inequality x − 3 y ≤ 600 is satisfied

∴The half plane represented by x − 3 y ≤ 600 is
 2 4 
= 16π − 2  6 ⋅ [ x 3 / 2 ]20 +
 3 ∫2 42 − x 2 dx 

towards the point (0, 0). (1/2)
Now, plot the graph of system of inequalities. The
 1
4
2 42  x  shaded portion OCQP represents the feasible region
= 16π − 2  6 ⋅ ⋅ ( 2 )3 +  x 42 − x 2 + sin − 1    
 3 2 2  4   which is bounded.
 2


Y ∴ Q ≡ (1050, 150 ). (1)
1400 The corner points of feasible region are O(0, 0 ),
C(600, 0 ), Q(1050, 150 ) and P(800, 400 ), respectively.
1200 B
Now, let us calculate Z at each corner point
1000
x+y=1200 Corner points Z = 12 x + 16 y
800 x=2y O(0, 0 ) 12(0 ) + 16(0 ) = 0 + 0 = 0
0 )
40 C(600, 0 ) 12(600 ) + 16 (0 ) = 7200 + 0 = 7200
600 0 0,
P(8
Q(1050, 150 ) 12(1050 ) + 16 (150 ) = 12600 + 2400
400
= 15000
200 P(800, 400 ) 12(800 ) + 16 (400 ) = 9600 + 6400
Q(1050, 150) = 16000 (Maximum)
X′ 1400 X
1000
1200
200
400
600
800
Clearly, the maximum value of Z is 16000 at the point

(800, 400). (1)
Y′ C(600, 0) A
(1) Hence, to maximize profit 800 dolls of type A and 400
On solving equations x + y = 1200 and x − 2 y = 0, dolls of type B should be produced.
b
we get x = 800, y = 400 Both indoor and outdoor games are equally good.
∴ P ≡ (800, 400 )
ita
Indoor games makes a person smart intelligent and
On solving equations x + y = 1200 and x − 3 y = 600, gives relaxation. Outdoor games provide fresh air
we get x = 1050, y = 150 which is good for health and keeps out body fit. (1/2)
yK
yM
op
C

SOLUTIONS
1.  4 3 
Given, a relation R is defined as  +   44 + 21
−1
R = {(a, b) : a ≤ b } 3 = tan  7 11  = tan −1  
4 3
1− .   77 − 12 
1 1  1
3  7 11
Reflexivity Take a = , then </  
2 2  2  65  π π
= tan −1   = tan − 1(1) = tan −1  tan  =
 1 1  65  4  4 (1)
∴  ,  ∉R
 2 2 dy
6. We have, = (1 + x 2 ) (1 + y 2 )
dx
So, R is not reflexive. (1) On separating the variables, we get
 x − y 2  2 2  dy
2. We have,  = = (1 + x 2 )dx
5 3 5
(1/2)
 x 1 + y2
On equating corresponding elements, we get On integrating both sides, we get
x − y = 2 and x = 3 dy
∫ 1 + y 2 = ∫ (1 + x )dx
2
(1/2)
⇒ x = 3 and y = 1 (1)
b
x3
3. Clearly, mid-point of A (2, 3, 4) and B (4, 1, − 2) is ⇒ tan −1 y = x + + C,
3
 2 + 4 3 + 1 4 + 2
ita
 , ,  = (3, 2, 1) which is the required general solution.
 2 2 2  (1)
Or
∴ Required position vector is 3i$ + 2 $j + k$. (1) dy
We have, = 1 + x + y + xy
−1   π
yK
−1
4. Consider tan (− 1) = tan  tan  −   dx
  4  dy
⇒ = (1 + x ) + y (1 + x )
π  −1  π π  dx
=− Q tan tan x = x, ∀ x ∈  − 2 , 
 2   dy
yM
4 ⇒ = (1 + x ) (1 + y )
π  π π dx
Since, − ∈  − ,  . dy
4  2 4 ⇒ = (1 + x ) dx (1)
1+ y
π
∴ − is the required principle value of tan −1 (− 1.)
op
(1) On integrating both sides, we get

4
dy
Or
∫ 1 + y = ∫ (1 + x ) dx
We have,
x2
C
  π  ⇒ log (1 + y ) = x + +C
tan −1 sin  −  
  2  2
 π which is the required solution. (1)
= tan −1 − sin  = tan −1 (− 1)
 2 7. Let X be a random variable which denotes the number of
 π π heads in simultaneous toss of two coins.
= tan −1 tan  −  = − (1)
 4 4 Then, X can take value 0, 1, 2.
1
5. Consider, Now, P( X = 0 ) = P (no head) = (1/2)
4
 1  1  1  1
tan − 1   + tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1   P( X = 1) = P (getting exactly one head)
 3  5  7  8
2
= (1/2)
 1 1   1 1  4
 +   + 
= tan −1
 3 5 −1
 + tan  7 8  and P( X = 2 ) = P (getting two heads)
 1 − 1 ⋅ 1  1 − 1 . 1 1
 3 5  7 8 = (1/2)
4
 8  15  Now, required probability distribution is
 
−1 15
 
−1 56
= tan   + tan   X=x 0 1 2
 14   55 
 15   56  1 2 1
P( X = x )
4 4 4
 4  3
= tan −1   + tan −1   (1) (1/2)
 7  11


 cos x  sec 2
x
8. We have, y = tan −1   1
 1 + sin x  = ∫ 2 dx
2 1 + tan 2 x − tan x (1/2)
 
 cos 2 x − sin 2 x  2 2
= tan −1  2  2 x 1
2 x
Put tan = t ⇒ sec . dx = dt
 x 
2
2 2 2
 x
 cos + sin  
 2 2  dt
∴ I=∫
 t2 −t + 1
x x  x x 
 cos − sin  cos + sin   dt
−1   2 2   2 2  =∫
= tan 2 2
 2  1  1  1
  x x
 t2 − 2 . .t +   −   + 1
cos + sin  2  2  2
  2 2 
dt dt
 x x =∫ =∫
 cos − sin   1
2
3  1
2
 3
2
= tan −1 2 2  t −  +  t −  +   (1)

 2 4  2  2 
 cos x + sin x  (1)
 2 2  1
 x t − 
1
 1 − tan  = tan −1  2 + C
= tan −1  2  3  3 
b
 1 + tan x     
 2   2 
 2
ita
 x  dx 1  x 
dividing numerator and denominator by cos 2  Q ∫ 2 = tan −1   + C 
 x +a 2
a  a  
 π x 
 tan − tan  2  2t − 1
yK
−1 4 2 = tan − 1   +C
= tan   3  3 
 1 + tan π ⋅ tan x 
 4 2  x 
2 −1
 2 tan − 1
  π x  π x = tan  2  +C
yM
= tan −1 tan  −   = − 3  3 
  4 2  4 2 (1/2)
 
dy 1 1
Now, =0− =− (1) Or
dx 2 2 log x
Let I=∫
op
dx
Or x2
We have, 1
= ∫ (log x )⋅ dx
 2x  x2
y = tan −1  
C
I II
 1 − x2 
 − 1 −1 1
On putting x = tan θ, we get (1/2) = log x   − ∫ ⋅ dx (1)
 x x x
 2 tan θ  −1
y = tan −1   =
1
log x + ∫ 2 dx
 1 − tan 2 θ  x x
⇒ y = tan −1 tan 2 θ −1 1
= log x − + C
x x
⇒ y = 2θ
− (log x + 1)
⇒ y = 2 tan −1 x (1) = +C (1)
x
On differentiating both sides, we get
1 2   1 3
dy 2 10. Let A =   , then A = 2 0 
T
= (1/2) 3 0   
dx 1 + x 2
2 5
9. Let I=∫
dx Now, A + AT =  
2 − sin x 5 0 
dx 0 −1
=∫ and A − AT =   (1/2)
x 1 0 
2 tan
2− 2 1  1 5 / 2
x Let P= ( A + AT ) = 
1 + tan 2 2  5 / 2 0 
2


 1 (i) Required probability
0 −
1  2 P(E2 )⋅ P( A / E2 )
Q = (A − A ) = 
T
 P(E2 / A) =
2 1
 0  (1/2) P(E1 )⋅ P ( A / E1 ) + P(E2 )⋅ P ( A / E2 ) +
2 
P(E3 ) ⋅ P ( A / E3 ) (1)
 5  1
1 0
 2   2  1
Then, P =
T
 = P and Q =  1
T
 = −Q ⋅ (0.04)
5 3
 0 − 0 =
2   2  1 1 5
⋅ (0.02 ) + ⋅ (0.04) + (0.16)
Thus, P is symmetric and Q is skew-symmetric. (1/2) 9 3 9
 5  1 0.12 0.12
1 0 = = = 0.128
 2   2  1 2  0.02 + 0.12 + 0.8 0.94 (1/2)
Also, P + Q =   + 1 =  = A
5
 0  0  3 0  (ii) Cycle should be prefer as it is good for health
2  2  environment and save energy (no petrol). (1/2)
Thus, we have represented A as sum of symmetric
and skew-symmetric matrices. (1/2)
14. Given differential equation is
→ →2  y
11. Consider LHS =| a × b| y dx + x log   dy − 2 x dy = 0
 x
→ → → →
= ( a × b) ⋅ ( a × b)   y 
⇒  x log   − 2 x dy = − y dx
b
= (ab sin θ n$ ) ⋅ (ab sin θ n$ ) (1/2)  x 
= a2 b2 sin 2 θ (n$ ⋅ n$ )
ita
dy y
⇒ =
= a b sin θ | n$|
2 2 2 2 dx  y
2 x − x log  
 x
= a2 b2 sin 2 θ [Q| n$| = 1]
 y
yK
= a2 b2 (1 − cos 2 θ ) (1/2)  
 x
= a2 b2 − a2 b2 cos 2 θ = ,
 y
= a b − (ab cos θ )
2 2 2 2 − log  
 x
yM
→ → → → → →
= ( a ⋅ a ) ( b ⋅ b ) − ( a ⋅ b )2 dy  y
which is a differential equation of the form = f  .
→ → → → dx  x
a⋅ a a⋅ b
= ∴ Given differential equation is a homogeneous
→ → → →
a⋅ b b⋅ b differential equation. (1)
op
= RHS dy dv
Hence proved. (1) Now, putting y = vx and = v + x , we get
dx dx
12. Given equation of curve is
dv v
y = x 3 + 3sin x v+ x =
C
dx 2 − log v
dy
⇒ = 3 x 2 + 3 cos x ⇒ x
dv
=
v
−v
dx dx 2 − log v
dy
Now, = 0 + 3 cos 0 = 3 dv v − 2 v + v log v
dx at ( 0, 0 ) ⇒ x =
dx 2 − log v
Thus, the slope of tangent to the curve at (0, 0) is 3. (1) dv − v + v log v
Now, equation of tangent to the curve at (0, 0) is ⇒ x =
dx 2 − log v (1)
y − 0 = 3 ( x − 0) On separating the variables, we get
⇒ y = 3 x which is the required equation. (1) 2 − log v dx
dv = −
13. Let E1 be the event that the insured person is a car driver, v − v log v x
E2 be the event that the insured person is a bus driver, On integrating both sides, we get
E3 be the event that the insured person is a truck driver. 2 − log v dx
and A be the event that the insured person meet with
∫ − v (1 − log v ) dv = − ∫ x
an accident. dv 1 − log v dx
1500 1 4500 1
⇒ ∫ v (1 − log v ) + ∫ v (1 − log v ) dv = − ∫ x
Then, P(E1 ) = = ; P(E2 ) = = ;
13500 9 13500 3 1
7500 5 −
P(E3 ) = = ;P( A / E1 ) = 0.02, 1 dx
⇒ −∫ v dv +
∫ v dv = − ∫ (1)
13500 9 1 − log v x
P( A / E2 ) = 0.04 and P( A / E3 ) = 0.16 (2)


⇒ − log|1 − log v| + log| v| = − log| x| + log C 16. Let us first find the equation of line passing through
 y P(1, 3, 4) and perpendicular to the given plane. Clearly,
⇒ − log 1 − log   + log| y| − log| x|
 x DR’s of line, perpendicular to the given plane are
proportional to 2, − 1, 1.
 y
= − log| x| + log C Qv =
 x  P(1, 3, 4)
y   y 
⇒ = C ⇒ y = C 1 − log  
 y   x  (1)
1 − log  
 x
R
Or 2x–y+z+3=0
Given differential equation is
dy
+ y cot x = x 2 cot x + 2 x (1)
dx
which is a differential equation of the form
Q
dy
+ Py = Q, where P = cot x and Q = x 2 cot x + 2 x.
dx ∴ Equation of the perpendicular to the given plane
and passing through P (1, 3, 4) is
Now, IF = e ∫ Pdx =e ∫ cot xdx = e log sin x = sin x x −1 y − 3 z − 4
b
(1)
= = = λ (say) (1)
and the solution of differential equation is given by 2 −1 1
ita
y ⋅ (IF) = ∫ Q .(IF)dx + C ⇒ x = 2 λ + 1; y = − λ + 3; z = λ + 4
Thus, coordinates of any point on the line PQ is
⇒ y ⋅ sin x = ∫ sin x ( x 2 cot x + 2 x )dx + C
(2 λ + 1, 3 − λ, λ + 4).
yK
= ∫ ( x 2 cos x + 2 x sin x ) dx + C Let the coordinates of Q be (2 λ + 1, 3 − λ, λ + 4) (1)
(1)
Thus, the coordinates of point R (mid-point of PQ)
= ∫ x cos x dx +
2
∫ 2 x sin x dx + C  2 λ + 1 + 1 3 − λ + 3 λ + 4 + 4
are  , , 
= x 2 (sin x ) − ∫ 2 x sin x dx +  
∫ 2 x sin x dx + C
yM
2 2 2
 λ λ
⇒ y ⋅ sin x = x 2 sin x + C =  λ + 1, 3 − , 4 + 
 2 2 (1)
⇒ y = x 2 + C cosec x, which is the required solution. (1)
Since, R lies on 2 x − y + z + 3 = 0
op
15. Given differential equation is  λ λ

∴ 2 (λ + 1) −  3 −  + 4 + + 3 = 0
dy  2  2
( x 2 + 1) + 2 xy = x 2 + 4,
dx λ λ
which can be rewritten as ⇒ 2λ + 2 − 3 + + 4 + + 3 = 0
C
2 2
dy 2x x2 + 4 ⇒ 3λ = − 6 ⇒ λ = − 2 (1/2)
+ y= 2 ,
dx 1 + x 2
x +1 Thus, the coordinates of point Q are (− 3, 5, 2 ), which is
the image of given point. (1/2)
which is a linear differential equation of the form
dy 2x Or
+ Py = Q, where P =
dx 1 + x2 Given equation of lines are
→
x +4
2 r = (3 + λ ) i$ + (1 − λ )$j − (2 + 2 λ )k$
and Q = (1) →
x2 + 1 and r = (2 + 3 µ )i$ − (1 + 5 µ )$j − (56 + 4 µ )k$,
2x
∫1+ dx
which can be rewritten as
Now, I.F. = e ∫ x2
= e log (1 + x2 )
Pdx
=e = 1 + x2 →
r = (3i$ + $j − 2 k$ ) + λ (i$ − $j − 2 k$ )
and the solution of differential equation is given by (1)
→
y ⋅ (I.F. ) = ∫ Q (I.F. ) dx + C and r = (2 i$ − $j − 56k$ ) + µ (3i$ − 5 $j − 4k$ ) (1/2)
→ →
x2 + 4 Let a1 = 3i$ + $j − 2 k$; b1 = i$ − $j − 2 k$
⇒ y ⋅ (1 + x 2 ) = ∫ (1 + x 2 ) dx + C (1) → →
1 + x2 a 2 = 2 i$ − $j − 56k$ and b 2 = 3i$ − 5 $j − 4k$ (1/2)
⇒ y ⋅ (1 + x 2 ) = ∫ x 2 + 2 2 dx + C and let θ be the angle between the given lines.
1 → →
=
[ x x 2 + 4 + 4 log| x + x 2 + 4|] + C, Then, cos θ =
b1 b 2
2 → →
which is the required solution. (1) | b1|| b 2|


3 ⋅ 1 + (− 1) (− 5) + (− 2 ) (− 4) Thus, the required probability distribution is
=
1 + (−1)2 + (−2 )2
2
32 + (−5)2 + (− 4)2
X=x 0 1 2 3 4
3+ 5+ 8 16 16 8 625 500 150 20 1
= = = = P( X = x )
6 50 300 10 3 5 3 1296 1296 1296 1296 1296
 8  (1/2)
⇒ θ = cos −1  
 5 3 (1) Now, mean E( X ) = Σx ⋅ P( X = x )
0.625 500 150
Now, the shortest distance between the given lines is = + 1. + 2.
→ → → → 1296 1296 1296
( b1 × b 2 ) ⋅ ( a 2 − a1 ) 20 1
given by . + 3. + 4.
→ →
| b1 × b 2| 1296 1296
500 + 300 + 60 + 4
→ → =
Here, a 2 − a1 = − i$ − 2 $j − 54k$ 1296
864 2
i$ $j k$ = =
→ → 1296 3 (1)
⇒ b1 × b 2 = 1 −1 −2 dx
18. Let I=∫
3 −5 −4 5 − 4x − 2 x 2
= i$ (4 − 10 ) − $j (− 4 + 6) + k$ (− 5 + 3) − 6i$ − 2 $j − 2 k$
b
1 dx
2∫
=
→ → 5 (1/2)
− 2 x − x2
ita
and | b1 × b 2| = (− 6)2 + (− 2 )2 + (−2 )2 = 44 (1) 2
∴ Required shortest distance 1 dx
2∫
=
(− 1) (− 6) + (− 2 ) (− 2 ) + (− 54) (− 2 )  5
= −  x2 + 2 x + 1 − 1 −  (1)
yK
44  2
6 + 4 + 108 1 dx
2∫
= =
118 =
44 44  7
(1) − ( x + 1)2 −  (1)
 2
yM
17. Let X be a random variable which denotes the number of

1 dx
2∫
doublets in four throws of a pair of dice. Then, X can take =
2
value 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. (1/2)  7
  − ( x + 1)2 (1/2)
Let p = Probability of success  2
op
= Probability of getting doublet in a throw  

 
6 1 1 −1  x + 1
= = = sin +C
36 6 2  7 
 
C
1 5  2 
and q = Probability of failure = 1 − =
6 6  dx  x 
Clearly, X follows binomial distribution with parameters Q ∫ − sin −1   + C  (1)
 a2 − x 2  a 
1
n = 4, p = (1)
6 Or
x 4−x 2x + 1
 1  5 Let I=∫ dx
∴ P( X = x ) = 4C x     , x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ( x + 2 ) ( x − 3)
 6  6
2x − 1 A B
 1  5 625
0 4 Now, consider = + (1/2)
Now, P( X = 0 ) = 4C0     = ( x + 2 ) ( x − 3) x + 2 x − 3
 6  6 1296
⇒ 2 x + 1 = A( x − 3) + B( x + 2 )
1 3
 1  5 500 On putting x = 3, we get
P( X = 1) = 4C1     =
 6  6 1296 7
5B = 7 ⇒ B = (1)
2 2 5
 1  5 150
P( X = 2 ) = 4C2     = On putting x = − 2, we get
 6  6 1296
3
 1  5 20
2 2 − 3 = − 5A ⇒ A =
P( X = 3) = C3     =
4 5
 6  6 1296 2x + 1 3 1 7 1
4 0 ∴ = . + .
 1  5 1 ( x + 2 ) ( x − 3) 5 x + 2 5 x − 3 (1/2)
and P( X = 4) = 4C4     = (1)
 6  6 1296


3 dx 7 dx  π 
5∫ x + 2 5∫ x − 3
I= +
a sin  2 ( x + 1) , x ≤ 0
Now,
(1)
21. Let f ( x ) =  is continuous at
3 7
= log| x + 2| + log| x − 3| + C  tan x − sin x , x > 0
(1)  x3
5 5
3a − a + b − a + c x = 0. Then, we have
19. Let ∆= a−b 3b c −b lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = f (0 ) …(i) (1/2)
x → 0− x→ 0+
a−c b−c 3c π 
Here, lim f ( x ) = lim a sin  ( x + 1)
x → 0− x → 0− 2 
On applying C1 → C1 + C2 + C3 , we get
a+ b+c −a+ b −a+c π 
= asin  (0 + 1)
2 
∆= a+ b+c 3b c −b
(1) π
a+ b+c b−c 3c = a sin =a …(ii) (1)
2
Taking common (a + b + c ) from (C1), we get tan x − sin x
lim f ( x ) = lim
1 −a+ b −a+c x→ 0+ x→ 0+ x3
∆ = (a + b + c ) 1 3b c −b sin x
(1/2) − sin x
1 b−c 3c cos x
= lim
On applying R2 → R2 − R1 and R3 → R3 − R1, we get x→ 0+ x3
b
1 −a+ b −a+c  sin x (1 − cos x ) 1 
= lim  ⋅ ⋅  (1)
x→ 0+  x cos x 
ita
∆ = (a + b + c ) 0 a + 2b a−b x2
(1)
0 a−c a + 2c sin x 1 − cos x 1
= lim ⋅ lim ⋅ lim
On expanding along C1, we get x→ 0+ x x→ 0+ x2 x → 0 + cos x
yK
∆ = (a + b + c ) [(a + 2 b)(a + 2c ) x
2 sin 2
− (a − b)(a − c )] (1/2) = 1 ⋅ lim 2 ⋅ 1
x→ 0+ x2 cos 0
= (a + b + c ) [a2 + 2 ac + 2 ab + 4bc
x
yM
− (a2 − ac − ab + bc )] sin 2
= 2 ⋅ lim + 2 ⋅1
= (a + b + c ) [a2 + 3ac + 3ab + 3 bc − a2 ] x→ 0+  x
2
4⋅  
= 3 (a + b + c ) (ab + bc + ca)  2
op
Hence proved. (1) 2

 x
20.
→ → →
We have,| a| = 3,| b| = 5,| c| = 7 and a + b + c = 0.
→ → → →
2  sin 
= ⋅ lim  2 
→ → → → 4 x→ 0+  x 
Consider, a + b + c = 0  2 
C
→ → → → → → →
⇒ a + b= 0 −c ⇒a + b=−c (1) 1 1
= ⋅1= …(iii) (1)
→ → 2 → 2 → → → → → → 2 2
⇒ ( a + b ) = (c ) ⇒ ( a + b ) ⋅ ( a + b ) = c ⋅ c and f (0 ) = a …(iv)
→ → → → → → → → → →
⇒ a⋅ a + a⋅ b + b ⋅ a + b ⋅ b = c ⋅ c From Eqs (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get
→ 2 → → →2 →2 1
⇒ | a| + 2 a ⋅ b + | b| = | c| (1) a = , which is the required value. (1/2)
2
→ →
⇒ 9 + 2 ( a ⋅ b ) + 25 = 49
22. Let the bottom of the ladder be at a distance of x m from
→ → → → 15
⇒ 2 ( a ⋅ b ) = 15 ⇒ a ⋅ b = (1/2) the wall and the top be at a height y from the ground.
2 Then, we havex 2 + y 2 = 25. (1)
→ → 15
⇒| a|| b|cos θ = , where θ is the angle between
2
→ →
a and b.
15
⇒ 3 ⋅ 5 ⋅ cos θ = (1)
2
1 y
⇒ cos θ =
lad m
Wall
r
de
5
2
π
⇒ θ= (1/2)
3
x

Since, it is given that the bottom of the ladder is pulled  (n − 1)⋅ n ⋅ (2 n − 1)

= lim 2 n + h 2
along the ground away from the wall at the rate of h→ 0 
 3
2 m/s.
+ 2 h (n − 1)n + 5n
dx
∴ = 2 m/s (1)  (nh − h ) (nh )(2 nh − h )
dt = lim 2 nh +
h→ 0 
 3
Now, as x 2 + y 2 = 25
+ 2 (nh − h ) (nh ) + 5nh ]
dx dy
∴ 2x + y =0  (2 − h )⋅ 2 ⋅ (4 − h )
dt dt = lim 4 + + 2 (2 − h ) ⋅ 2 + 10 ]
h→ 0 
 3
dx dy
⇒ x +y =0 (1)  2 
dt dt = lim 4 + (2 − h ) (4 − h ) + 4 (2 − h ) + 10
h→ 0  3 
dy
⇒ 4 ⋅ (2 ) + 3 ⋅ = 0 [Q x = 4 ⇒y= 3, using x 2 + y 2 = 25]
dt 2
= 4 + × 2 × 4 + 4 × 2 + 10
dy 8 3
⇒ = − m/s
dt 3 16 66 + 16 82
= 22 + = = (1)
Thus, the rate of decrease in the height of the ladder 3 3 3
8
on the wall is m/s. (1)
24. Let x m be the length of a side of the square and y m be
3 the length of a side of equilateral triangle. Then, we have
b
3
23. Let I = ∫ (2 x 2 + 5) dx 4 x + 3 y = 36 …(i)
1
ita
b Let A be the combined area of the square and
On the comparing I with ∫ f ( x ) dx, we get equilateral triangle.
a
a = 1, b = 3 and f ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 5 3 2
Then, A = x2 + y
4
yK
Now, nh = b − a = 3 − 1 = 2 (1/2) 2
f (a) = f (1) = 2(1)2 + 5 3  36 − 4 x 
Here, A = x2 +   (1)
4  3 
f (a + h ) = f (1 + h ) = 2 (1 + h )2 + 5
dA 3  36 − 4 x   − 4
⇒ = 2x + ⋅ 2
yM
f (a + 2 h ) = f (1 + 2 h ) = 2 (1 + 2 h )2 + 5   
dx 4  3   3
M M M 2 3  36 − 4 x 
= 2x −  
f (a + (n − 1)h ) = f (1 + (n − 1) h ) = 2 (1 + (n − 1) h )2 + 5 3  3 
(1/2)
op
d 2A  4
2 3 8 3
As we know that and =2 − −  = 2 + (1)
b dx 2 3 3 9
∫a f ( x ) dx = lim h ⋅ [f (a) + f (a + h )
h→ 0 For maximum or minimum, put
dA
=0
dx
C
+ ... + f (a + (n − 1) h )]
2 3  36 − 4 x 
3
⇒ 2x =  
∴ ∫1 (2 x + 5) dx = lim h ⋅ [f (1) + f (1 + h )
2
h→ 0 3  3 
+ ... + f (1 + (n − 1) h )] 1
⇒ x= (36 − 4 x )
3 3
= lim h ⋅ [2 (1 + (1 + h )2 2
h→ 0
⇒ 3 3 x + 4 x = 36
+ ... + (1 + (n − 1) h )2 ) + (5 + 5 + ... n times ) 36
⇒ x= (1)
= lim h ⋅ [2 (12 + (12 + h 2 + 2 h ) 4+ 3 3
h→ 0
d 2A 8 3
+ ... + (1 + (n − 1) h + 2 (n − 1)h ) + 5n ] (1)
2 2 2 Now, 36 =2 + >0
dx 2 at x =
4+ 3 3
9
= lim h ⋅ [2 ((1 + 1 + ... n times )
h→ 0 36
+ h 2 (12 + 2 2 + ... + (n − 1)2 ∴ A is minimum when x = (1/2)
4+ 3 3
+ 2 h (1 + 2 + ... + (n − 1)) + 5n ] Now, from Eq. (i), we get
  (n − 1) n (2 n − 1) 36 − 4 x
= lim h ⋅ 2  n + h 2 .  y=
h→ 0   6  3
 (n − 1). n   4  36 
+ 2 2 n  + 5n  (1) = 12 −   (1/2)
 2   3  4 + 3 3


48 Now, let us first find the point of intersection of line on
= 12 −
4+ 3 3 curve. On substituting x = 4 y − 2 in Eq. (i), we get
48 + 36 3 − 48 Y x2=4y
=
4+ 3 3
36 3
= y–
2
4+ 3 3 (1) 4
x=
So, the length of two pieces are (2, 1)
1
144 108 3 (–1, 1/4) 2
4x = and 3 y = . (1)
4+ 3 3 4+ 3 3 X′ X
–2 –1 2
Or
Let the side of the square tank be x m and depth be
h m. Then, the total cost is Y′ (1)
C = 50 x 2 + 400 h 2 …(i) (1) (4 y − 2 )2 = 4 y
Since, volume of tank = 250 m 3 ⇒ 16 y 2 + 4 − 16 y = 4 y
∴ x ⋅ h = 250
2
…(ii) (1) ⇒ 4y 2 + 1 − 4y = y
b
2
⇒ 4y 2 − 5y + 1 = 0 (1)
 250 
C = 50 x 2 + 400 ×  2  ⇒ 4y 2 − 4y − y + 1 = 0
ita
 x 
⇒ 4 y ( y − 1) − 1 ( y − 1) = 0
25000000
⇒ C( x ) = 50 x 2 + (1) ⇒ ( y − 1) (4 y − 1) = 0
x4
yK
4 × 25000000 1
Now, C′ ( x ) = 100 x − ⇒ y = 1or y =
x5 4
5 × 4 × 25000000 1
and C′ ′ ( x ) = 100 + (1) When y = 1, then x = 2 and when y = , then x = − 1
x6 4
yM
For maximum or minimum, put C′ ( x ) = 0  1

Thus, the points of intersection are (2, 1) an  − 1,  .
 4 (1)
4 × 25000000
⇒ 100 x − =0 Clearly, required area = Area of shaded region
x5
2
4 × 25000000
op
⇒ 100 x = =∫ ( y (line) − y (parabola )) dx

−1
x5
2  x + 2 x2 
⇒ x 6 = 4 × 250000 =∫  −  dx (1/2)
−1  4 4
C
⇒ x = 1000000
6
(1/2) 2
1  x2 x3 
⇒ x = 10 m =  + 2x −  (1/2)
42 3  −1
25000000
Now, C′ ′ (10 ) = 100 + 5 × 4 ×
10 6 1  8  1 1 
= 2 + 4 −  −  − 2 +  
= 100 + 5 × 4 × 25 4  3  2 3 
= 600 > 0 1 1 
= 8− − 3
∴ C( x ) is minimum when x = 10. (1/2) 4  3 
250 1 1 9
Thus, x = 10 and h = 2 = 2.5 m are the dimensions = 5− = sq units (1)
10 4  2  8
of the tank which minimizes the total cost. (1)
26. Let the DR’s of normal to the plane be a, b and c. Then,
25. Given equation of curve is equation of plane passing through (1, − 1, 2 ) is
x2 = 4 y …(i) a ( x − 1) + b ( y + 1) + c ( z − 2 ) = 0 …(i) (1)
and the equation of line is
Since, plane (i) is also passing through Q (2, − 2, 2).
x = 4y − 2 …(ii)
Then, a− b = 0⇒a= b …(ii) (1)
Clearly, x 2 = 4 y represent a parabola opening upward Also, it is given that plane (i) is perpendicular to the
and having vertex at (0, 0), and x = 4 y − 2 represent a plane 6 x − 2 y + 2 z = 9 . (1)
 1 ∴ Their normals are perpendicular to each other.
line which passes through (− 2, 0 ) and  0,  . (1)
 2
⇒ 6a − 2 b + 2c = 0 (1)

⇒ 4a + 2c = 0  6 −3 3 
⇒ 2a = − c ⇒ c = − 2 a (1) ⇒ adj ( A) =  2 0 −2 
  (1/2)
Now, from Eq. (i), we get −2 3 −1
a( x − 1) + a ( y + 1) − 2 a ( z − 2 ) = 0  6 −3 3 
1 1
⇒ ( x − 1) + ( y + 1) − 2 ( z − 2 ) = 0 (1/2) and A− 1 = adj ( A) =  2 0 −2 
⇒ x + y − 2z + 4 = 0 | A| 6  (1/2)
−2 3 −1
which is the required equation of plane. (1/2)
Clearly, X = A−1B
Or
x + 2 y +1 z − 3  6 −3 3   6000 
Let = = = λ (say) 1
3 2 2
(1) ∴ X= 2 0 −2  11000 
6  
⇒ x = 3λ − 2; y = 2 λ − 1 and z = 2 λ + 3 −2 3 −1  0 
Thus, any point on the given line is of the form
 36000 − 33000 
(3λ − 2, 2 λ − 1, 2 λ + 3). (1) 1 
= 12000
Let Q (3λ − 2, 2 λ − 1, 2 λ + 3) be a point on the line 6 
which is at a distance of 5 units from P(1, 3, 3). − 12000 + 33000 
Then, PQ = 5  3000 
1
⇒ (3λ − 2 − 1) + (2 λ − 1 − 3) + (2 λ + 3 − 3) = 5 (1)
2 2 2 = 12000  (1/2)
6 
b
⇒ (3λ − 3)2 + (2 λ − 4)2 + (2 λ )2 = 25 21000 
ita
On squaring both sides (1)  x   500 
⇒  y  = 2000 
⇒ 9λ2 + 9 − 18λ + 4λ2 + 16 − 16λ + 4λ2 = 25    
⇒ 17 λ2 − 34λ = 0  z  3500 
yK
⇒ λ (17 λ − 34) = 0 ∴ x = 500, y = 2000 and z = 3500 (1)
⇒ λ = 0 or λ = 2 The school must include one more value, punctuality.
When λ = 0, then coordinates of Q are (− 2, − 1, 3) and (1/2)
yM
when λ = 2, then coordinates of Q are (4, 3, 7). (2) 28. The given information can be expressed in following
27. Let honesty award amount be ` x; regularity award tabular form
amount be ` y and hardwork award amount be ` y.
Time required to
Then, according to given condition, we have the Maximum
op
manufacture
following system of equations hours
souvenirs
x + y + z = 6000 available
Type A Type B
x + 3 z = 11000
C
and x + z = 2 y or x − 2 y + z = 0 (1) 3h
Cutting 5 8
20 min
which can be written in matrix form as AX = B, where
1 1 1  x  6000  Assembling 10 8 4h

A = 1 0 3 , X = y and B = 11000 
  
Let the manufacturer produce x souvenirs of type A
     
1 −2 1  z   .0  and y souvenirs of type B (1)
(1/2) Then, our problem is to maximize
Now, let us find A−1 (if exist). Z = 5x + 6y
1 1 1 Subject to the constraints
Here, | A| = 1 0 3 5 x + 8 y ≤ 200
1 −2 1 10 x + 8 y ≤ 240 or 5 x + 4 y ≤ 120
= 1 (0 + 6) − 1 (1 − 3) + 1(− 2 − 0 ) and x, y ≥ 0 (1)
= 6+ 2 −2 = 6≠ 0 Table for 5 x + 8 y + 200 is
∴ A−1 exists. (1/2)
x 40 0
Let Cij be the cofactor of aij. Then, we have the following
y 0 25
C11 = 6 , C21 = − 3 , C31 = 3
C12 = + 2 , C22 = 0, C32 = − 2 For the point (0, 0), inequality 5 x + 8 y ≤ 200 is
satisfied.
C13 = − 2, C23 = + 3 , C33 = − 1 (1)


∴ The half plane represented by 5 x + 8 y ≤ 200 is 29. Given a relation R defined on A = {set of all polygons} as
towards the origin.
R = {(P1, P2 ) : P1 and P2 have same number of sides} (1)
Table for 5 x + 4 y = 120 is
Reflexivity Let P ∈ A be any arbitrary element. Then,
x 0 24 trivially(P, P ) ∈ R as P and P have same number of sides.
y 30 0 ∴ R is reflexive. (1)
For the point (0, 0), inequality 5 x + 4 y ≤ 120 is satisfied Symmetricity Let P1, P2 ∈ A be any arbitrary elements
∴ The half plane represented by 5 x + 4 y ≤ 120 is such that (P1, P2 ) ∈ R.
towards the origin. (1)
Since, (P1, P2 ) ∈ R
Now, plot the graph of above system of inequalities.
∴ P1 and P2 have same number of sides.
35 ⇒ (P2 , P1 ) ∈ R
Thus, R is symmetric also. (1)
30
Transitivity Let P1, P2 , P3 ∈ A be any arbitrary elements
25 C (0, 25) such that (P1, P2 ) ∈ R and (P2 , P3 ) ∈ R.
20 B Since, (P1, P2 ) ∈ R
15 ∴ P1 and P2 have same number of sides.
b
Also, as (P2 , P3 ) ∈ R
10
ita
5 ∴ P2 and P3 have same number of sides.
A (24, 0) ⇒ P1, P2 and P3 have same number sides.
X
5 O 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 ⇒ (P1, P3 ) ∈ R
5x
yK
+8
y =2 Thus, R is transitive. (1/2)
5x
00 Hence, R is an equivalence relation. (1/2)

+
4y
Now, as T has three sides, therefore elements related

=
12
to T are the polygons having three sides. (1)

yM
0
(1)
The shaded region OABC is the feasible region. ∴The set of elements in A, which are related to T, is
the set of all triangles. (1)
Now, find the coordinates of corner points.
Or
Consider, 5 x + 8 y = 200
Given, a relation R on A × A defined by (a, b) R (c , d ), if
op
5 x + 4 y = 120 a + d = b + c , ∀ (a, b), (c , d ) in A × A.

− − −
Reflexivity Let (a, b) ∈ A × A be any arbitrary element.
4 y = 80
Then, a+ b=b+ a
C
⇒ y = 20
[by commutativity of addition on N]
On substituting y = 20 in 5 x + 4 y = 120,
we get
5 x = 120 − 80 = 40
⇒ (a, b) R (a, b)
⇒ x=8 (1)
Q (a, b) ∈ A × A was arbitrary.
Thus, the coordinates of corner points are
∴ (a, b) R (a, b) ∀ (a, b) ∈ A × A
O(0, 0), A(24, 0 ), B (8, 20) and C (0, 25)
So, R is reflexive. (1)
Now, let us find the value of Z at these points.
Symmetricity Let (a, b), (c , d ) ∈ A × A be any arbitrary
Corner points Z = 5 x + 6y
elements such that (a, b) R (c , d )
O(0, 0 ) 0 Since, (a, b) R (c , d )
A(24, 0 ) 120 ∴ a+d =b+c
B(8, 20 ) 40 + 120 = 160 ⇒ c + b=d + a
C(0, 25) 150 ⇒ (c , d ) R (a, b)
Clearly, Z is maximum when x = 8 and y = 20. Thus, for Thus, R is symmetric also. (1)
maximum profit, manufacturer should produce 8 units Transitivity Let (a, b), (c , d ), (e , f ) ∈ A × A be any
of type A and 20 units of type B. (1) arbitrary elements such that (a, b) R (c , d ) and
(c , d ) R (e , f )

Now, as (a, b) R (c , d ) , therefore Thus, R is transitive also. (2)

a+d =b+c …(i) Hence, R is an equivalence relation. (1/2)
and as (c , d ) R (e , f ), therefore Now, [(2, 5)] = {(a, b) ∈ A × A : (a, b) R (2, 5)}
c + f =d +e …(ii) = {(a, b) ∈ A × A : a + 5 = b + 2}
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get = {(a, b) ∈ A × A : a = b − 3}
a+d +c + f =b+c +d +e = {(a, b) ∈ A × A : a = b + 3}
⇒ a+ f =b+e = {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 7), (5, 8), (6, 9)}
(1½)
⇒ (a, b) R (e , f )
b
ita
yK
yM
op
C

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