The Common Typologies

This section provides the basic formats, namely the typologies, that are in practice as the form of
tourism.The common typologies have been presented below.
a) Domestic Tourism: It is also known as internal as well as national tourism. Generally,
Domestic tourism means the movement of people outside their normal domicile to other
areas within the boundaries of the nation. In fact, they find it easy to do so because there
was neither currency nor language or document problems. Domestic tourism does not
involve any balance of payment implications, however, it may be substitute for
international tourism and therefore results in saving foreign currency.

b) International Tourism: International tourism involves the movement of people among

different countries in the world. In other words, when people travel to nation other than
their own country in which they normally live and which has its separate identity in
terms of political, economic and social set up. International movement of people involves
various types of legal and financial formalities to be met before departing from his/her
country. International tourism comprised of two forms of tourism. 1) Inbound Tourism
and 2) Outbound Tourism.

c) Leisure Tourism: Leisure, “the free or unoccupied time during which the person may
indulge in rest, recreation, etc”2, is the apt
Notes
purposes in leisure include activities of holiday, sports (non-professional), cultural events and
visits to friends and relatives (VFR). Tourism activities on these aspects get termed on their focus
of travel as Beach Tourism, Mountain Tourism, Sports Tourism, Cultural Tourism, Ethnic
Tourism, Religious Tourism and Health Tourism and So on. situation when tourism is sought in
its full earnest. The travel

d) Business Tourism: Business, which is one’s work, occupation or profession, is the other
situation, which necessitates travel. This travel helps people to attend to meetings,
exhibitions and trade fairs, conference and conventions, thereby the partakers experience
all the sectors of tourism which formulate this classification namely Business Tourism.
Though all the activities under this classification gets termed as Business Tourism itself,
in the recent past of 1990’s it is being referred to as MICE an acronym for Meetings,
Incentives, Conference and Exhibitions.

e) Historical Tourism: Any Tourism activity that is taken-up with Historical Locations as the
Tourist Attraction. This form of tourism was the first form of tourism that many tourists
loved to participate. Only recently, the tourism forms are taking a business dimensions.

f) Cultural Tourism: It is the form of tourism that takes culture of the destination as the
attraction. Culture it should be remembered is the form of expression of the people of the
destination through their life-style. Culture is express through their food, shelter,
clothing, art, architecture, music, dance, drama and any uniqueness of the location. This
form of tourism has a great opportunity of interaction and participation for the visitors.

g) Social Tourism: A type of tourism that provides help to a section of the society for the
experience of tourism. This concept came into existence in the fifties, especially in
Europe. In reference to M. Andre’ poplimont, “Social tourism is the type of tourism
practiced by those who would not be able to meet the cost without social intervention,
i.e., without the assistance of an association to which individuals belong.” 3 34
Notes

h) Mass Tourism: The concept of mass tourism is the contribution of paid holidays,
development of transportation, communication and information technology. Mass
tourism is primarily s quantitative notion and refers to participation of very large number
of people in tourism activities.

i) Special Interest Tourism: Tourism activities emerging on the aspect of special Interest are
specifically known as special interest tourism or commonly known as Adventure
tourism. To cite a few of this type are Trekking, Rafting, Bungee Jumping, Scuba diving,
Snow skiing, Hand gliding, Rock claiming and winter tourism.
j) Eco Tourism: Eco-tourism means travelling to relatively undisturbed or uncontaminated
natural areas with the specific objectives of studying, admiring and enjoying the scenery, wild
plants and animals along with existing cultural manifestation of the locality. Eco-tourism being
the answer or the alternative to mass tourism gets termed as Nature tourism, Green tourism,
Responsible tourism, Appropriate tourism and Alternative tourism depending upon the degree of
focus on the aspect of conservation of nature. 35