Republic of the Philippines

SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY

Tandag, Surigao del Sur
GRADUATE SCHOOL

Training Needs of Resident Adults: Basis for Livelihood Project

Presented to
Ms. Jocelyn Panduyos

In partial fulfillment
Of the Course
Educ 202 (Research Methodology)

by

July Hera D. Gatal

May 2015
 Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Tandag, Surigao del Sur
GRADUATE SCHOOL

CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

Philippines, in pursuit of economic growth, have initiated economic activities to boost the

economic aspect and decrease the poverty level of the country. But despite higher growth, poverty

incidence of the population barely improved from 26.3 percent in 2009 to 25.2 percent in 2012,

suggesting that higher growth has yet to benefit many of the poor. Natural calamities brought about by

climate change have also pushed millions of Filipinos into poverty. Underlying the slow progress in

poverty reduction is the lack of good jobs. 75 percent of workers or some 28 million Filipinos are

informally employed with little or no protection from job losses and opportunities to find gainful

employment. (http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/philippines/publication/philippine-economic-

update-2014-pursuing-economic-growth-through-sustainable-reconstruction-and-job-generation).

Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) also posted the official poverty statistics of the Philippines

highlighting 18.8% of poverty incidence in the first semester of 2013. However, in 2014, first semester,

the poverty incidence was increased to 20%.

Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) also posted the official poverty statistics of the

Philippines highlighting 18.8% of poverty incidence in the first semester of 2013. However, in 2014, first

semester, the poverty incidence was increased to 20%. In a more focused setting, in the province of

Surigao del Sur, poverty cases are still prevalent. In 2012, the province was reported by the National

Statistical Coordination Board to have 28.3% poverty incidence among families. Some areas have been

experiencing scarcity on food and shortage of income that prevent them from providing the needs of
 Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Tandag, Surigao del Sur
GRADUATE SCHOOL

their families. One of these declared areas is Tago, a second class Municipality in the province. It is

located at the heart of Surigao del Sur facing the Pacific Ocean. Agriculture and fishery are the main

economic activities in the locality. However, natural calamities and other fortuitous events occur leading

the locals to leave behind their only source of income thus jeopardizing the subsistence of their families.

Barangay Victoria is one of the largest barangays in the outlying areas of Tago. Conversely, as reflected

in the socio-economic profile of the barangay, majority belongs to poor household sector. Though the

barangay covers a large agricultural land, most of the residents neither rent the land for farming nor

consumes most of the harvest income in paying up such fees. The residents therefore need a livelihood

that can be plausible with the available resources around and at the same time suits their capabilities

and skills to ensure sustainability and development.

The national administration has already initiated livelihood programs and projects that

will seek to address the issue on poverty and uplift the economic status of the Philippines. Different

government agencies were required to anchor their community programs to this national thrust of the

government. Livelihood programs are seen to be answers to ease the concurring incidence of poverty

among families in the different regions. Unfortunately, some programs of the government do not

directly address the needs of the community making these programs a loss. As such, parts of this

venture are Higher Education Institutions (HEI’s) in the Philippines whether private or public colleges or

universities that are obliged to conduct community extension programs as pursuant to CHED

Memorandum Order No. 28 Series of 2006. This call requires all the institutions to include extension in

their school agenda. Surigao del Sur State University, as one of the leading State Universities in CARAGA

Region fulfills its fourfold functions –the instruction, research, extension and production as a
 Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Tandag, Surigao del Sur
GRADUATE SCHOOL

commitment of service to its community. The institution aside from accomplishing its main function is

dedicated to create livelihood programs and projects embodying social responsibility.

This study is an assessment of the resident adults in Barangay Victoria to answer the

trainings needs that are of their interest and capable of. This study would also look into the available

resources within the barangay and utilizing as means for livelihood. The researcher would be utmost

willing to recommend to extension educators and implementers a concrete and sustainable livelihood

project from the results of the assessment to improve the socio-economic capacity of the residents and

the standard of living of the local community.

Educators have used a variety of methods to collect information for a needs assessment

(Etling, 1995), including but not limited to: advisory committees, survey questionnaires, focus groups,

interviews with key informants, or a combination of methods. This study describes the use of survey

questionnaires and interview with key informants in conducting needs assessment in barangay Victoria,

Tago. Using these methods, the researcher will gather information from the sources thus providing her

the basis in conceptualizing a sustainable livelihood project.

Statement of the Problem

This study was conducted to assess the training needs of the adult residents of barangay

Victoria that will serve as basis in formulating livelihood programs/projects. Specifically, the study

sought to answer the following questions:

 Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Tandag, Surigao del Sur
GRADUATE SCHOOL

1. What is the profile of the residents in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Civil Status

1.4 Educational Attainment

1.5 Occupation

1.6 Income per Month

1.7 Years of Stay in the barangay

2. What are the training needs of the resident adults of Barangay Victoria, Tago, Surigao del Sur?

3. What is the extent of support of the residents to community extension programs and services?

4. What are the problems met by the residents in the barangay?

Conceptual Framework

This study is mainly anchored on a four-model process for the operation of a generic

assessment: (1) activity selection, (2) presentation, (3) response processing and (4) summary scoring

(evidence accumulation). It discusses the relationships between the functions and responsibilities of

these processes and the objects in the Instructional management System (IMS) Question and Test

Interoperability (QTI) information model. The complementary modular structures of the design

framework and the operational processes encourage efficiency in design and the reuse of objects and

processes. This four process framework provides a flexible logical structure in which a wide variety of

assessment products can be implemented. In any given implementation, these processes may be

grouped. However, keeping them separate in the logical model makes it easier to reassemble them later
 Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Tandag, Surigao del Sur
GRADUATE SCHOOL

with a new process. This framework should both handle the current state of best practice and scale to

future assessments with complex task, scoring, and interactivity requirements.

First, description of the actors in the system: The Administrator is the person responsible

for setting up and maintaining the assessment. The Administrator is responsible for starting the process

and configuring various choices; for example, whether or not item level feedback will be displayed

during the assessment. The Examinee is the person whose skills are being assessed. The examinee

interacts with the various tasks (items) the presentation process puts forward. The assessment cycle is

produced by the interaction of these four processes: The Activity Selection Process is the system

responsible for selecting and sequencing tasks (or items) from the task library. A task library is a

database of task objects along with all the information necessary to select and score them.T hese could

be tasks with an assessment focus or an, instructional focus, or activities related to test administration.

The Presentation Process is responsible for presenting the task to the examinee. As necessary it will take

details about the task from the task library. (In particular, certain kinds of presentation material such as

images, audio or applets may be represented as external resources to be brought in with the

presentation of the item.) When the examinee performs the task, the presentation process will capture

one or more responses (results) from the examinee. These are delivered to the evidence identification

process for item level response processing. The presentation of the task is governed by a task model,

which describes what kinds of material must be presented as well as what kinds of responses are

expected to be produced. The Evidence Identification Process performs the first step (Item Level

Response Processing) in the scoring process: it identifies the essential features of the 12 CRESST

Deliverables response that provide evidence about the examinee’s current knowledge, skills, and

abilities. These are recorded as a series of outcomes that are passed to the next process. The Evidence
 Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Tandag, Surigao del Sur
GRADUATE SCHOOL

Accumulation Process performs the second, or summary, stage (Section or Assessment Level Response

Processing) in the scoring process: it updates our beliefs about the examinee’s knowledge, skills, and

abilities based on this evidence. Separating the evidence identification step from both the evidence

accumulation and the task presentation is vital to supporting reuse of the task in multiple contexts.

With its logical method, the researcher has adopted the new four-process model in her

study. This model will define the key level components of the study. It rationalized the entire process in

outlining the goal of the research. Fundamentally the researcher has formulated a framework to have

clear process.

Training Needs of Conduct of Sustainable

Feedbacking
Resident Adults Assessment Livelihood Project

Figure1. Schematic Diagram of the Study

The conceptual framework of the study is summarized in the research paradigm as

shown in Figure 1. The concept was anchored on the four-process model/framework. The course of the

study starts with the identification of the training and services needs of the residents of barangay

Rosario. In this phase, the researcher sought to know the current situation in the locale of study and
 Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Tandag, Surigao del Sur
GRADUATE SCHOOL

strengthen the need to conduct such assessment. The training needs of the residents serves as the input

variables through the entire process of the study. The conduct of assessment will be accompanied with

these data. The residents/respondents will be presented on the tools for data gathering. Feedbacking

identifies the essential features of evaluating and monitoring the output. the researcher and the

residents analyze the results and formally identify set of trainings and programs that are suited to the

needs and capabilities of the respondents. Finally, prolific deliberation and positive feedbacking will

provide the researcher and other concerned entities the valid and reliable information in implementing

and supporting sustainable livelihood projects.

Significance of the Study

The output of this study is perceived to have great importance to the following entities:

Residents of Barangay Victoria. This study will serve as basis in formulating and

implementing a sustainable livelihood project to the barangay. The livelihood project will provide the

residents financial literacy, business knowledge and operating budget to start a business. In such way,

residents will have their own sources of income thus promoting a self-reliant community.

Surigao del Sur State University. With this study, the academe can then implement

research-based extension programs and transfer of technology that will surely cater the needs of the

beneficiaries that are automatically aligned with the members’ concerns. This means that the project to

be implemented will gather acceptance and support therefore have a greater chance of success.
 Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Tandag, Surigao del Sur
GRADUATE SCHOOL

Local Government. The findings on the study will serve as guide in formulating programs

and projects to the local community addressing the different needs identified. The data can also be

considered in planning and allocating of funds to those local residents’ highly-needed programs of the

government in the community development process.

Government and Non-government Agencies. Active partner agencies of the University

who are also committed in extending services to the community can utilize the findings of the study as

support in requisition of funds for project implementations. As such, quick delivery of community

extension programs will be expected.

The Researcher. The study will give the researcher the wider perspective and knowledge

on the current status of the local community. Moreover, it fully helps the researcher to be a more

service- and community-oriented professional and responsible extensionist.

Other Researchers. Findings from the study can be a reference for further studies in the

same field. The information can be used in further researches.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study was conducted to determine the training needs of the resident adults of

barangay Victoria, Surigao del Sur as basis in formulating a sustainable livelihood project. It aimed to

assess the profile of the barangay, identify the training needs of the resident adults, measure the extent

of support of the residents to community extension programs and services and analyze the problems

they met in the barangay. The assessment will be within summer of 2015.
 Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Tandag, Surigao del Sur
GRADUATE SCHOOL

Furthermore, this study shall only focus in one barangay of Tago which is Victoria. The

respondents will be resident adults only because they are already capable of managing the livelihood

project. Hence, residents below 18 years old are not encouraged to participate in the survey.

Definition of Terms

The following terms were defined to fully understand their use in the study.

Extension Service –is one of the thrusts of Surigao del Sur State University (SDSSU). LOI 1461 mandates

SUCs to perform the triad functions of Instruction, Research, Extension, and Production. The

Extension Services of SDSSU shall work hand in hand with LGU extension services to primarily

focus on the improvement of their capabilities by providing: degree and non-degree training

programs, technical assistance, extension community research activities, and information

support services. (SDSSU Extension Manual Revised 2012)

Extensionist –a professional who plans, prepares and implements community extension programs and

projects to selected barangays or municipality. He/she also conducts comprehensive evaluation

on the status of the programs and projects instigated.

Livelihood –is a means of making a living. It encompasses people’s capabilities, assets, incomes and

activities required to secure the necessities of life. (https://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-

do/disaster-management/from-crisis-to-recovery/what-is-a-livelihood/)
 Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Tandag, Surigao del Sur
GRADUATE SCHOOL

Poverty incidence – refers to the proportion of families (or population) with per capita income less than

the per capita poverty threshold to the total number of families (population). (1997 Philippine

Poverty Statistics, NSCB)

Poverty reduction - is a term that describes the promotion of economic growth that will permanently

lift as many people as possible over a poverty line (Wikipedia).

Resident Adult –is a fully grown person whose age is above 18 and who lives somewhere for 6 months,

on a long-term basis or permanently in a certain locality.

Training Needs Assessment (TNA) –is the method of determining if a training need exists and, if it does,

what training is required to fill the gap. TNA seeks to identify accurately the levels of the

present situation in the target surveys, interview, observation, secondary data and/or

workshop. (http://www.jica.go.jp/project/cambodia/0601331/pdf/english/3_TNA_01.pdf)
 Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Tandag, Surigao del Sur
GRADUATE SCHOOL

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Foreign

In a city, but for a different purpose as sought by the current study, an assessment of

community health needs of Chongqing residents in China was conducted to gain insight into community

health needs in order to develop health program for community in Chongqing. Their community health

needs assessment (CHNA) indicated that residents realized the importance of prevention of disease. The

study identified that primarily community health promotion was one of the priorities of community

health service needs, including reorienting health service, health education, guiding behavior or lifestyle,

and creating healthy environments. The findings of the study can provide guidance to the development

of more effective and pertinent health program in this community (Daikun, et.al, 2008).

Chi So and Omar (2012) addressed the situation and issues regarding indigenous

knowledge for sustainable livelihood among the Malay community at the Eastern Coast of the

Peninsular Malaysia. The tacit knowledge of the community and knowledge sharing potentials the

indigenous population was explored. Their paper examined the opportunities of the members of the

community to ascend into the economic mainstream and improve their quality of lives through

participation in the industry based on their indigenous knowledge. Some suggestions are incorporated in

the paper to yield a conceptual framework of tools for the agencies as support system to build a

sustainable livelihood and heritage preservation of the rural community.

 Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Tandag, Surigao del Sur
GRADUATE SCHOOL

A case study by World Bank on 2013 examines Bangladesh's Chars Livelihoods Program

(CLP), a large regional social protection and poverty reduction program which aims to secure and

promote livelihoods opportunities while at the same time strengthening the resilience of its target

population to natural shocks and climate variability. The CLP works with extremely poor households

located on fluvial islands or chars in northwest Bangladesh that is particularly vulnerable to annual

seasonal flooding as well as random extreme flooding events. The program benefited over 900,000

people during its first phase (2004-2010), and a second phase (2010-2016) is targeting assistance to

more than one million people (CLP website, 2012). The CLP uses a combination of public works, asset

transfers (cash-in-kind), livelihoods-related training, market development, and social development

activities to achieve its aims. The CLP's key disaster and climate resilience features include: focusing its

public works programming on the reduction of flood risks; creating innovative social safety net

mechanisms that cushion the program's beneficiaries against disaster impacts; providing post-disaster

relief and recovery support to protect and restore the assets and income being built up through the

program; and building direct measurement of climate resilience outcomes into its monitoring and

evaluation systems. These initiatives have been closely integrated into the CLP's broader livelihoods and

social protection focus, creating strong synergies and mutually reinforcing benefits between these areas.

Dr. Sivachithappa (2013) presented the impact of micro finance on income generation and

livelihood of members of self-help groups in Mandya District, India. The traditional Indian society

functioned mainly on the basis of self-help and mutual aid. However, in recent years, they have been

emerging as a major strategy for the promotion of informal credit to the poor. Self-help groups are

expected to make a significant contribution to poverty alleviation and empower the members in

economic, social and political spheres. These programmes are also expected to become increasingly self-
 Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Tandag, Surigao del Sur
GRADUATE SCHOOL

reliant and independent of donor funds. In rural India, there is substantial degree of feminization of

poverty on account of an increase in the net population growth rate among the landless agricultural

labour households (including SC/ST and other backward classes women), low level of human skills, lack

of availability of wage employment opportunities and inadequacy of institutional support to create wage

as well as self-employment opportunities. This list includes economic factors responsible for

feminization of poverty which are much stronger in operation and which function along with socio-

cultural barriers and discrimination against women in economic participation. The objectives of the self-

help groups are to promote strong and independent women groups who exert control over their own

development and that of the community. The women would be equipped with managerial and technical

skills through enhanced participation in economic activities. In this context, it is desirable to generate

information and analyse to what extent these micro finance programmes have been able to reduce

poverty and vulnerability by; increasing capital/asset formation at the household level, improving

household and enterprise incomes, enhancing the capacity of individuals and households to manage

risk, increasing enterprise activity within households, expanding employment opportunities for the poor

in non-farm enterprises, empowering women and improving the accessibility of other financial services

at the community level.

Last 2014, Islam, Yew and Vizwanathan examined the poverty and livelihood impact of the

Community Based Fisheries Management (CBFM) on welfare of fishing households in Bangladesh. Their

analyses demonstrated how the various types of livelihood assets contribute to household income of

fishers in different types of water body areas such as closed beels (deeper depressions in the

floodplain), open beels (lake), floodplain beels and rivers. Data for the study were obtained from two

questionnaire-based field surveys conducted by the Bangladesh CBFM project office: a baseline study
 Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Tandag, Surigao del Sur
GRADUATE SCHOOL

carried out in 2002 and an impact study in mid-2006. A total of 1 994 households were randomly

selected from 34 (51%) CBFM project water bodies in Bangladesh. Our study shows that fisher's income

has significantly increased in floodplain beels (FPB), open beels (OB), and rivers. Fishers' income from

fishing has been significantly reduced in closed beels (CB) due to excessive lease fees and stocking costs

for aquaculture. The regression results indicate that natural, physical, and financial assets have

significantly contributed to income of the fisher households in open beels, rivers, and floodplain beels.

The CBFM organized fishers have changed their attitudes, improved trust, and resolved conflicts in open

beels. Results of the study suggest that natural, physical, and financial assets play very significant roles in

poverty reduction in CBFM areas in Bangladesh. There is a need to give priority to investment in social

capital and financial credit for reducing poverty of fishers of Bangladesh.

Local

Several studies have been conducted to evaluate the current status of the community in

the Philippines. In barangay setting; researchers were able to assess the needs of the residents that

served as basis for development of various programs. Some also described the impact of livelihood

projects to the chosen community.

In 2004, Hernan conducted a study to assess the needs of Ebreo Village, Barangay Tres de

Mayo, Digos City as basis for a community outreach program of UM Digos College. Using descriptive

survey method with frequency counts and percentage, and the questionnaire of the Community

Extension Service Office (CESO), it was found out that families encountered problems which were socio-

economic in nature and that potable water sources, multi-purpose center, and other amenities were the
 Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Tandag, Surigao del Sur
GRADUATE SCHOOL

basic facilities needed by the community. The study suggested that Barangay officials should address

these problems and that a concrete outreach program with strategic plan of activities must be designed

and implemented in answer to the need of Ebreo Village, the partner community of UM Digos College.

Ladia,et.al. (2012) surveyed the needs of Barangay Laungcupang, Tarlac which the College of Education

plans to adopt for extension services. The study involved 48respondents who represented 10% of the 480 households in the

community. The respondents were selected by quota sampling since the researchers only included mothers who were free

for interview. Findings revealed that Barangay Laungcupang comprised households who are mostly extended and are

composed of families with more than 4 children each. In addition, most of the community members only acquired basic

education and most of families are considered poor considering their small income. Most of them are Kapampangans and

are Roman Catholics. Moreover, most of the community members owned their houses which are mostly made of light

concrete wood. On cleanliness and health, most community members have dirty environment and some members acquire

illnesses which are mostly coughs, colds and fever. Moreover, c community members highly need a training on livelihood

skills or programs to augment their income. They also need health centers with adequate health services. Some expressed

their interest on adult literacy while some needed home-making skills including budgeting and cooking nutritious foods and

child rearing skills. In addition, problems of the community mostly include lack of income, no employment, no free health

assistance and free medicines. Proposed activities for the extension must include livelihood programs, adult literacy, health

prevention management and environmental sanitation. Based it is recommended that Barangay leaders must plan and

implement steps to address the needs of the community. Higher Educational Institutions must include the needs identified in

this study as components of their extension programs. Parents have to practice family planning to limit the number of

children especially because they could not afford to send them to school. Parents have to be resourceful. They could plant

vegetables in pots or in their backyards to have source of food and an extensive extension program has to be developed by

the College of Education as an offshoot of the community needs survey to include the findings of the study.
 Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Tandag, Surigao del Sur
GRADUATE SCHOOL

In 2013, Corpuz, in her study, assessed the impact of Cavite-Techno Livelihood Caravan

(CTLC). Impact variables include household income before and after joining the program, material style

of life and degree of livelihood diversification. Impact variables include household income before and

after joining the program, material style of life and degree of livelihood diversification. The business

traits and skills of the project beneficiaries including problems encountered, and strategies implemented

after deciding to apply the lessons learned in the program. The study used chi-square test to determine

a significant relationship between the program initiated and implemented by the local government unit

and the household income and material style of life of the program beneficiaries. Overall, the data

suggest a positive impact of the program. Project beneficiaries tend to be materially better off, have a

greater diversity of livelihood activities, and have a more positive future outlook in terms of their

livelihood security as compared to the time when they have not yet attended the program. Majority of

project beneficiaries feels that the livelihood activities improved their business skills which are

important factors to start a business.

Justification of the Study

This chapter comprises a review of relevant studies which relates to the current study. At the outset, the

studies show the value of assessment in the identification of the needs of the residents and of the community as a whole.

Further studies were also conducted to analyze the impact of programs provided to augment poverty and increase

livelihood-the two main concerns of the international community in developing countries. In the local setting, various

researchers took the effort in interpreting their assessments in various barangays and recommend interventions to answer

their needs. Furthermore, they also evaluated impacts of livelihood projects and found that the beneficiaries of the said

projects improved their business skills and are now better off.
 Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Tandag, Surigao del Sur
GRADUATE SCHOOL

This review provides the many aspects of community information needs in general. Thus, this current

undertaking will be an assessment of the needs of a specific barangay and develop a founding basis in the development of

sustainable livelihood program in consideration of the success achieved by studied livelihood endeavors. This study will be of

great benefit of the respondents who are still clamoring for economic and social development.
 Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Tandag, Surigao del Sur
GRADUATE SCHOOL

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Method

The study employed the descriptive method of research. This type of research describes

the data and characteristics about what is being studied. It also presents a picture of the specific details

of a situation, social setting and/or relationship. The researcher aimed to identify the training needs of

resident adults and analyze if these needs will be basis for implementing a sustainable livelihood project

for the community. As such, the descriptive method will be most suited for study to further describe

what actually exist within the barangay.

Research Instrument

A standard institutional survey questionnaire of SDSSU was used in the gathering of data.

The questionnaire has four main parts. The first part was about the profile of the respondents. The

second involves the identification of all the training needs of the residents. The third was study on the

extent of support given by the residents to community extension programs and services and the last

part was the identification of problems met by the residents in the barangay.

Subject of the Study and Selection Procedure

The respondents of the study are the resident adults of Barangay Victoria, Tago. The

researcher used the Sloven’s formula in getting the sample size and simple random sampling.
 Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Tandag, Surigao del Sur
GRADUATE SCHOOL

Out of the 640 adult population of the barangay, 45 respondents were the selected

sample size used in assessing the significance of the study. The formula shows:

2
n = N / (1 + Ne )

where:

n = number of sample

N = number of population

e = error tolerance with margin error of 0.05 from 95 percent confidence level.

Solution:

640
n 2
(1  640(0.05)

210
n
(6.29)

n = 45

Research Locale

The study will be conducted in the barangay Victoria, one of the 24 barangays in Tago.

Barangay Victoria is rich in agricultural by-products that can be utilized as main resources in the advent

of livelihood implementation. Also, the said barangay is located along the National Highway which

entails a strategic location for livelihood endeavor.

 Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Tandag, Surigao del Sur
GRADUATE SCHOOL

Data Gathering

For a more efficient and fast collection of data, the researcher used the questionnaire. The

questionnaire used was a standard institutional questionnaire that was carried out from various

deliberations of experts. As such, the same questionnaire was used in assessing other training and

program needs of the adopted barangays of Surigao del Sur State University. Hence, it was also included

in the approved Revised University Extension Manual 2012. Related published journals and literature

were also utilized as secondary data.

In order to acquire full cooperation for the respondents, the researcher sought the

permission of the barangay captain of Victoria and asked the assistance of the barangay officials in

administering the survey. The researcher personally administered the test to verify the credibility and

reliability of the entire study. The researcher also conducted the collection, tabulation, computation,

analysis, interpretation and presentation of data.

Treatment of Data

Various methods of data analysis were employed among the variables of the study. In the

study, the following formulae were being used:

1. Percentage of distribution was used to measure the responses as a part of sample. The formula

to be used is:

% = f/n x 100

Where:

% = percentage symbol
 Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Tandag, Surigao del Sur
GRADUATE SCHOOL

f = frequency responses

n = total number of responses

2. Weighted mean was used to determine the average number of responses. The formula to

calculate the weighted mean is:

µ
 fx
N

Where:

µ  weighted mean

 = sum of

X = value of each item

f = frequency

N = number of respondents

The proposed average range with the interpretation and equivalents was used:

RANGE INTERPRETATION

3.26 – 4.00 Greatly Needed

2.51 – 3.25 Moderately Needed

1.76 – 2.50 Less Need

1.00 – 1.75 Not Needed

To evaluate the information gathered, the following analysis methods are used.