Molecular Biology Research

Molecular biology is a branch of science relating to biological activity at

the molecular level. The field of molecular biology overlaps with biology
and chemistry and in particular, genetics and biochemistry. Molecular
Biology chiefly concerns itself with understanding how various cellular
systems interact in terms of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis functions.

Molecular Diagnostics
is a collection of techniques used to analyse biological markers in
the genome and proteome the individual's genetic code and how their
cells express their genes as proteins—by applying molecular
biology to medical testing. The technique is used to diagnose and
monitor disease, detect risk, and decide which therapies will work best
for individual patients.
 Molecular biology of transplantation

The past decade has witnessed an explosion in our understanding of the

molecules involved in transplant rejection and acceptance. This review
highlights our current understanding of antigen recognition, signal
transduction, and effector mechanisms of the immune system. Such
information has proven important in understanding the action of
immunosuppressive drugs and will prove useful in the design of new
immunotherapies.

Molecular Biology in Paternity Testing

Deoxyribonucleic acid probe technology, a powerful new tool for lineage
testing in the clinical laboratory, can assist in resolving cases of
disputed parentage. Interest has focused on restriction fragment length
polymorphism analysis to detect the variable number of tandem repeat
segments of DNA. Application of polymerase chain reaction technology
also holds important potential for future use in paternity testing.
 Molecular DNA Analysis in Forensic Identification.
BACKGROUND:
Serological and biochemical identification methods used in forensics have several
major disadvantages, such as: long time in processing biological sample and lack of
sensitivity and specificity. In the last 30 years, DNA molecular analysis has become
an important tool in forensic investigations. DNA profiling is based on the short
tandem repeats (STR) and aids in human identification from biological samples.

METHODS:
Forensic genetics, can provide information on the events which occurred at the
crime scene or to supplement other methods of forensic identification. Currently,
the methods used in identification are based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
analyses. This method analyses the autosomal STRs, the Y-chromosome, and the
mitochondrial DNA.

RESULTS:
Correlation of biological samples present at the crime scene with identification,
selection, and the probative value factor is therefore the first aspect to be taken into
consideration in the forensic genetic analysis.

CONCLUSIONS:
In the last decade, because of the advances in the field of molecular biology, new biomarkers
such as: microRNAs (miR), messenger RNA (mRNA), and DNA methylation have been studied
and proposed to be used in the forensic identifications of body fluids.
 Saint Mary’s Angels College of Pampanga
San Pedro, Sta. Ana, Pampanga

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

ASSIGNMENT
IN
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Submitted by:

Diaz, Alexis Dale N. Diaz

BSED – Biological Science IV

Submitted to:

Ms. Jeannie J.
Padilla
Instructor