EXPERIMENT 10

Examples-

1)
clear all;
close all;
clc;
n=20;
b=[5 0 0];
a=[1,-0.6,-0.16];
f=[1,zeros(1,n-1)];
y=filter(b,a,f);
k=0:1:n-1;
stem(k,y);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('x(n)');
title('impulse response');

impulse response
5

4.5

3.5

3
x(n)

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
n

2)
clear all;
close all;
clc;
b=[1 2];
a=[1 0.4 -0.12];
L=11;
[y,t]=impz(b,a,L);
stem(t,y);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('h(n)');
title('impulse response');

impulse response
2

1.5

1
h(n)

0.5

-0.5

-1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
n

3)
clear all;
close all;
clc;
x=input('Enter the sequence');
N=input('Enter fft length');
X=fft(x,N);
subplot(2,1,1);
stem(x);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('x');
title('Input Signal');
subplot(2,1,2);
%n=0:1:7;
stem(X);
title('FFT of the signal');
 Input Signal
4

2
x

0
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
n
FFT of the signal
10

-5

-10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

4)
clear all;
close all;
clc;
b=[2 16 44 56 32];
a=[3 3 -15 18 -12];
[z p k]=tf2zp(b,a);
disp('Zeros:');
disp(z);
disp('Poles');
disp(p);
disp('Gain constant=');
disp(k);
disp('Radius of poles:');
disp(abs(p));
sos=zp2sos(z,p,k);
disp('Second order system');
disp(real(sos));
zplane(b,a);
 2

1.5

0.5
Imaginary Part

-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2

-4 -3.5 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1

Real Part

5)
clear all;
close all;
clc;
y=dsolve('Dy=1-y','y(0)=0');
disp('y=');
disp(y);

Output-

y=

1 - exp(-t)\

EXERCISES-

1)
b=[8 2 -5 0];
a=[1 0 -1.75 0.75];
L=11;
[y,t]=impz(b,a,L);
stem(t,y);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('h(n)');
title('inverse z transform');
 inverse z transform
120

100

80

60

40
h(n)

20

-20

-40

-60

-80
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
n

2)
clear all;
close all;
n=20;
a=[1 -1.5 ];
b=[0 0 1];
f=[1,zeros(1,n-1)];
y=filter(b,a,f);
k=0:1:n-1;
stem(k,y);
xlabel('h');
ylabel('x(n)');
title('impulse response');
 impulse response
2

1.5

0.5
x(n)

-0.5

-1

-1.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
h

3)
clear all;
close all;
y=dsolve('D2y+(13*(y))+(4*(Dy))=0','Dy(0)=0','y(0)=1');
disp('y=');
disp(y);

Output-
y=
cos(3*t)*exp(-2*t) + (2*sin(3*t)*exp(-2*t))/3

4)
clear all;
close all;
n=20;
b=[0 0 1];
a=[1 -1 -2];
f=[1,zeros(1,n-1)];
y=filter(b,a,f);
k=0:1:n-1;
stem(k,y);
xlabel('n');
title('impulse response');
 4
x 10 impulse response
9

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
n

5)
clear all;
close all;
n=0:21;
a=[1 0 0];
b=[1 -1 0];
u0=[(n)>=0];
u1=[(n)>=10];
u2=[(n)>=20];
u3=u0-u1;
u4=u1-u2;
u5=u0-u2;
x1=n.*u3+(20-n).*u4;
y1=filter(b,a,x1);
k=0:21;
subplot(2,2,1);
stem(k,y1);
x2=5*u5;
y2=filter(b,a,x2);
k=0:21;
subplot(2,2,2);
stem(k,y2);
 1 5

0.5

0 0

-0.5

-1 -5
0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30

6)
n=0:25;
x=sin(2*pi*50*n);
N=20;
X=fft(x,N);
subplot(2,1,1);
stem(X);
subplot(2,1,2);
y=angle(X);
stem(y);
 -12
x 10
2

-1

-2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

-2

-4
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

7)
clear all;
close all;
n=0:25;
x=sin(2*pi*30*n)+sin(2*pi*80*n)+sin(2*pi*120*n);
X=fft(x,10);
subplot(2,1,1);
stem(x);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('x');
title('input signal');
subplot(2,1,2);
stem(X);
title('fft of signal');
 -12
x 10 input signal
0

-2

-4
x

-6

-8
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
n
-12
x 10 fft of signal
4

-2

-4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

8)

a)
clear all;
close all;
n=20;
b=[1 0.5 0];
a=[1 0.5 -0.25];
f=[1,zeros(1,n-1)];
y=filter(b,a,f);
k=0:1:n-1;
stem(k,y);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('n');
title('impule response');
 impule response
1.2

0.8

0.6
n

0.4

0.2

-0.2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
n

8) c)
clear all;
close all;
clc;
b=[2*(0.9) 2*0.5*0.9];
a=[1 0.5 -0.25];
[z p k]=tf2zp(b,a);
disp('Zeros:');
disp(z);
disp('Poles');
disp(p);
disp('Gain constant=');
disp(k);
disp('Radius of poles:');
disp(abs(p));
sos=zp2sos(z,p,k);
disp('Second order system');
disp(real(sos));
zplane(b,a);
 1

0.8

0.6

0.4
Imaginary Part

0.2

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Real Part