KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY

(Kalasalingam Academy of Education and Research)

Anand Nagar,Krishnan koil- 626 190 ,Srivilliputtur (Via), T.N

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

Subject with code Modern Optics- PHY5009

Course M.Sc., Physics
Semester / Sec III / All
Course Credit 4
Course Coordinator Dr. M.S.Revathy
Module/Program Coordinator Dr. S. Asath Bahadur

Prerequisite: NIL

Course Description
This course provides an advanced knowledge on modern optical instruments and its
applications for post graduate students in Physics. To become active participant in the
technological revolution, one has to necessary acquainted himself with the methods of
science. The main purpose teaching modern optics to post graduate students is to equip
them with an understanding of the scientific methods, so that they may use the training
beneficiary in their higher pursuits.
Science has emerged as the application of their understanding for the benefit of the
human society at large. Thus Physics is the foundation on which stands the elaborate
structure of the technology. The main purpose of teaching modern optics to post graduate
students is to develop strong fundamentals of properties and behaviour of materials, to
correlate the theoretical principles with application oriented studies.

Career Opportunities: This course gives the student wide range knowledge about Modern
Physics. By understanding all the fundamentals of modern physics, the student is able to
extend their studies into research areas.
Course Objectives:
 To familiarise the students with
1. Principles of Lasers
2. Laser Systems
3. Holography
4. Fourier Optics
5. Non-Linear optics
COURSE OUTCOMES(COs):
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to

CO1: Acquire fundamentals and principles of Laser action

CO2: Understand the basic concepts of different types of lasers
CO3:Apply the knowledge of laser in holography
CO4: Gain the knowledge in Fourier optics and Fourier transforming
properties of lenses
CO5: Understand the concepts of nonlinear optics and harmonic
generations.

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

PEO1: Technical Proficiency
Succeed in obtaining employment appropriate to their interests, education and will
become valuable physicist
PEO2: Professional Growth
Continue to develop professionally through life-long learning, higher education,
research and other creative pursuits in their areas of specialization
PEO3: Management Skills
Improve leadership qualities in a technical and social response through innovative
manner

PROGRAMME OUTCOMES

The Program Outcomes of PG Physics are:

At the end of the programme, the students will
PO1: Gain the Knowledge and Understanding of the fundamental laws and principles
of a variety of areas of physics; along with their application in Research skills which
 include advanced laboratory techniques, numerical techniques, computer algebra,
computer interfacing;
PO2: Be able to use advanced mathematical tools to describe the physical world; and to
provide lucid summation of the scientific literature in a given topic of study;
PO3: Be able to plan, execute and report the results of an extended experimental or
theoretical physics based project in a research environment.
PO4: Learn how to apply theoretical knowledge of physical principles and
mathematical techniques to practical problems;
PO5: Demonstrate the ability to plan and report on a programme of original work;
including the planning and execution of experiments, the analysis and interpretation of
experimental results, and an assessment of the errors involved;
PO6: Plan and execute a series of experiments or computations, including the
identification and use of specialist equipment; and to give technical presentations in a
variety of styles and defend their work in a manner appropriate to a scientific
conference;

PO7: Communicate effectively by listening carefully and presenting complex

information in a clear and concise manner orally, on paper and using ICT and to
appreciate the financial and organizational context they will encounter in a career in
science and technology.
PO and PEO Mapping

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7

PEO1 H H M M L M
PEO2 H M H L L M L
PEO3 H H M H H L L

CO and PO Mapping

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8

CO1 H H M M L L L
CO2 H M L H H L L
CO3 M M L L M L L
CO4 H H M L L M M
CO5 H M H L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation

III SEMESTER
PHY5009 Modern Optics Credit:4
Objectives
 To understand the basic concepts of optics and its applications in various fields
 To analyze the properties of nonlinear optics
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to
CO1: Acquire fundamentals and principles of Laser action
CO2: Understand the basic concepts of different types of laser systems
CO3: Apply the knowledge of laser in holography
CO4: Gain the knowledge in Fourier optics and Fourier transforming properties of lenses
CO5: Understand the concepts of nonlinear optics and harmonic generations.

Unit I: Principles of Lasers

Emission and absorption of Radiation – Einstein Relations. - Pumping Mechanisms –
Optical feedback - Laser Rate equations for two, three and four level lasers. Pumping
threshold conditions, Laser modes of rectangular cavity – Properties of Laser beams.
Unit II: Laser Systems
Classification of laser systems – Gas, Liquid and Solid Lasers-Gas lasers and Energy level
schemes: He- Ne, Argon, Cos Gas lasers, Excimer lasers- Applications. Solid State lasers:
Ruby, Neodymium, YAG lasers – Dye lasers- Applications Semiconduct lasers: Ga-As
lasers and applications.
Unit III: Holography
Basic Principles of Holography- Recording of amplitude and phase- The recording medium
Reconstruction of original wave front- Image formation by wave front reconstruction-
Gaber Hologram- Limitations of Gaber Hologram-Off axis Hologram- Fourier transform
Holograms- Volume Holograms, Applications of Holograms- Spatial frequency filtering.
Unit IV: Fourier Optics
Fourier optics- Thin lens as phase transformation – Thickness function- Various types of
lenses- Fourier transforming properties of lenses – Object placed in front of the lens-
Object placed behind the lens.
Unit V: Non-Linear optics
Interaction of radiation with a dielectric medium, dielectric susceptibility, Harmonic
generation, Second harmonic generation, Phase matching criterion, coherence length for
second harmonic radiation, optical mixing, third harmonic generation, self focussing of
light, parametric generation of light.
Text Books:
1. Introduction to Fourier optics, J.W. Goodman, McGraw Hill, 1988.
2. Lasers and Non-Linear optics ,B.B. Laud, Wiley, 1991.
Reference Books:
1. Opto Electronics- An Introduction, Wilson & JFB Hawkes 2nd Ed., 1998.
2. Optical Electronics, Ghatak andThygarajan, Cambridge university Press, 1989.
3. Principles of Lasers, O. Svelto, Springer, 2009.
4. Optics, E. Hecht, Wesley, 4thEd., 2001.
Books

S. No Name of the book Author/publisher/year Website

Text 1. Introduction to J.W. Goodman, McGraw Hill, www.dhanamonli
Fourier optics 1988. ne.com
2. Lasers and Non- B.B. Laud, Wiley, 1991.
Linear optics
Ref. 1. Opto Electronics- An Wilson & JFB Hawkes 2nd Ed., www.dhanpatrai.c
Introduction 1998. om
2. Optical Electronics GhatakandThygarajan, www.wiley.com
Cambridge university Press,
1989.
3. Principles of Lasers O. Svelto, Springer, 2009. www.cambridge.o
rg
4. Optics E. Hecht, Wesley, 4thEd., 2001. www.tatamcgraw
hill.com

ReferenceLinks/e-material
S. Units Websites
N
o
1. Unit - 1 http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117101054/downloads/lect8.pdf
2. Unit -2 http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117101054/12
3. Unit -3 https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Lasers_Principles_Types_and_Applic
ations.html?id=JxASQpi0LXoC&redir_esc=y
4. Unit - 4 http://faculty.washington.edu/lylin/EE485W04/Ch4.pdf
 5. Unit - 5 http://paristech.institutoptique.fr/site.php?id=315&fileid=14455

Weblinks for the similar course offered for other universities

S. Couse title Name of the university Websites

No
1. PH-8151- Anna university https://www.annauniv.edu/pdf/1stsem.
Engineering pdf
physics
2. SPHX106- Sathyabhama university http://files.sathyabamauniversity.ac.in/
Applied syllabus/2010%20UG
physics %20SYLLABUS/CHEMIC.pdf
3. BMTCPY- Sastra university http://mech.sastra.edu/index.php?
Engineering option=com_content&view=category
physics &layout=blog&id=47&Itemid=231

Magazine/ Journals
1. http://www.isca.in/MATERIAL_SCI/Archive/v1/i2/5.ISCA-RJMatS-2013-006.pdf
Optics and laser technology - http://www.journals.elsevier.com/optics-and-laser-
technology/
2. Quantum physics journal - http://www.springer.com/physics/quantum+physics?
SGWID=0-10111-12-429299-0
3. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-81-322-2000-8_2
LESSON PLAN

S.
Cumulative
No Topics to be covered Books Hour
hour
.
Unit – I Principles of Lasers
1 Laser introduction and applications T1,R1,R2 2 2
2 Pumping Mechanism and optical feedback T1,R1,R2 2 4
3 Laser rate equations T1,R1,R2 1 5
4 Threshold conditions for pumping T1,R1 2 7
5 Laser modes T1,R1 1 8
S.
Cumulative
No Topics to be covered Books Hour
hour
.

6 Properties and applications of Laser beams T1,R1 1 9

7 Unit Test – I 1 10
Unit – II Laser systems
8 Classifications of Laser systems T1,R3,R4 2 12
9 Energy level schemes of different types of lasers T1,R3,R4 1 13
10 Different types of Lasers and its applications T1,R3,R4 2 15
11 Solid state lasers and its applications T1,R4 1 16
12 Dye lasers and its applications T1,R4 1 17
13 Semiconductor lasers and its applications T1,R4 2 19
14 Unit Test – II 1 20
Unit – III Holography
15 Principles of Holography and its recording T1,R1,R4 2 22
Reconstruction of original wave front and image
16 T1,R1,R4 1 23
formations
17 Gabor holograms and its limitations T1,R1,R4 1 24
18 Off axis and Fourier Transform holograms T1,R1,R4 2 26
19 Volume Holograms and its applications T1,R1,R4 1 27
20 Spatial frequency filtering T1,R1,R4 2 29
21 Unit Test – III 1 30
Unit – IV Fourier Optics
Introduction to Fourier optics
22 T1,R5 2 32

Thin and Thick lens functions and Various types of

23 T1, R5 2 34
Lenses
24 Fourier transforming properties of Lenses T1, R5 2 36

25 Object placed in-front of the Lenses T1, R5 1 37

26 Object placed beyond the lenses T1, R5 2 39

27 Unit Test – IV 1 40

Unit – V Non-Liner Optics

28 Interaction of radiations with dielectric medium and T1, R6 2 42
S.
Cumulative
No Topics to be covered Books Hour
hour
.
its properties

29 Harmonic and second harmonic generations T1, R6 2 44

30 Phase matching criterions and coherence length T1, R6 1 45

31 Optical mixing and third harmonic generations T1, R6 2 47

32 Self-focusing and parametric generations of light T1, R6 2 49
33 Unit Test – V 1 50

Assignments:
S.No Assignment/Tutorial Topic Date
1 Assignment – I Principles of Laser and explain its types and Second
applications week of
Aug17
2 Assignment – II Explain about the different types of laser Last week
systems of Aug17
3 Assignment – III Explain about the principles of Holography First week
and its applications of Sep 17
4 Assignment – IV Describe the Fourier transforming properties of Last week
lenses of Sep 17
5 Assignment – V Explain the second harmonic and third First week
harmonic generations of Oct 17

Mapping of CO to Assignments
A/T/CO Assgn- Assgn- Assgn- Assgn- Assgn-
I II III IV V
CO1 

CO2 

CO3 
 CO4 

CO5 

Assessment Plan for the course:

Sl. Test / Exam Topic No(s). Date

1. Unit test – 1 1 to 8 Last week of Aug17
2. Sessional Examination – I 1 to 11 As per calendar
3. Unit test – 2 12 to 19 First week of Sep 17
4. Sessional Examination – II 12 to 22 As per calendar
5. Unit test – 3 23 to 29 First week of Oct 17
6. Sessional Examination – III 23 and 32 As per calendar
7. End Semester Examination 1 to 32 As per calendar

Content Delivery Methodologies: Black board, PPT

Assessment Methodologies

Direct Indirect
Examinations Course End Surveys
Assignments
Seminars
Tutorials

Online Course:
S.No Course Link
1 Modern Physics http://nptel.ac.in/courses/115104042/

Course Coordinator HoD